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CN107923330A - 内燃机 - Google Patents

内燃机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107923330A
CN107923330A CN201680051008.8A CN201680051008A CN107923330A CN 107923330 A CN107923330 A CN 107923330A CN 201680051008 A CN201680051008 A CN 201680051008A CN 107923330 A CN107923330 A CN 107923330A
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China
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
fuel
air mixture
piston cylinder
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CN201680051008.8A
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Inventor
F.希伦
M.布文尼斯瓦兰
M.西伯雷尔
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
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Publication of CN107923330A publication Critical patent/CN107923330A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/06—Cutting-out cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F01N3/225—Electric control of additional air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

内燃机，带有‑至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)、具有废气涡轮(3)的涡轮增压器(4)、接通到至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)和废气涡轮(3)之间的催化器(5)、以及调节设备(18)，其中，调节设备构造成用于，如此调节流体输送设备(6)，以至于流体输送设备在内燃机(1)的如下状态中输送燃料空气混合物穿过催化器(5)，在该状态中在至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)中不发生燃烧和/或点燃。

Description

内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的特征所述的内燃机以及一种用于准备内燃机的起动过程的方法。
背景技术
已知，在活塞气缸单元和涡轮增压器的废气涡轮之间布置催化器。尤其在大容积燃气马达中这具有如下优点，即可能的是，改善涡轮增压器的效用。因为通过释放化学能(其在活塞气缸单元中的燃烧后还存储在引出的物质流中)导致物质流的较高的温度和物质流的膨胀，其体现在涡轮增压器的废气涡轮处较高的容积流。涡轮增压器的通过废气涡轮驱动的压缩机因此可引起较高的加载压力，由此可实现内燃机的较高的总功率。
可观察到，在引出的物质流中含有的焓可提高，通过活塞气缸单元的点火时间点合适地移动或通过将燃烧物供应给物质流。
作为在废气涡轮前的催化器的缺点可提到，得出劣化的起动特性。因为在起动时在催化器中释放的能量首先至少部分地流动到催化器的加热中，这可延长时间间隔直至达到内燃机的运行点。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，说明一种内燃机以及一种方法，通过其得到在内燃机中的改善的起动特性。
在内燃机方面，这通过权利要求1的特征解决。这通过以下方式实现，即调节设备构造用于，如此调节流体输送设备，以至于流体输送设备在内燃机的如下状态中输送燃料空气混合物穿过催化器，在该状态中在至少一个活塞气缸单元中不发生燃烧和/或点燃。
在方法方面，该任务通过权利要求16的特征解决。在此，内燃机的催化器在内燃机的在其中不执行燃烧的状态中通过将燃料空气混合物输送穿过催化器而被预热和/或保持温热。
通过在停机阶段期间将燃料空气混合物输送穿过催化器，在该催化器中通过释放燃料空气混合物的焓出现热量，该热量加热催化器。如果然后起动内燃机，催化器的正效用立刻出现到废气涡轮上，因为为了加热环境(也就是说催化器)损失更少的能量。由此涡轮增压器更快地响应，由此改善了负荷特性。
负荷特性这一概念涉及起动过程的部分，在其中，在达到期望的额定转速后，提高内燃机的功率(负荷斜增(Lastrampe))。
作为对于调节设备的反馈的参量，可使用温度传感器的测量值，其中，温度传感器可布置在催化器前或后或在催化器中。为了进一步改善调节特性，可马达特定地还处理另外的参量，例如在调节模型中压力损失、阀开启等。
本发明可优选地在静止马达或航海应用中使用。其可尤其在燃气马达中使用，其优选地驱动发电机用于电力生成(所谓的发电机组)。本发明可在带有8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24或更多气缸的内燃机中使用。
本发明的有利的实施方式在从属权利要求中限定。
流体输送设备可通过涡轮增压器的压缩机本身形成，在该情况中可设置有用于驱动压缩机的马达。这在结构上是特别简单的，因为压缩机在许多情况中已经存在且若有可能仅还必须补充马达。
此外，一种特别简单的解决方案可以是，马达的输出端与涡轮增压器的压缩机和废气涡轮的共同的轴连接。马达可借助于离合器或直接与该轴连接。马达可电气实施且可优选地发电机式运行。这开启了多种可能性。一方面，在运行期间也可通过涡轮增压器本身产生电力(类似于涡轮增压器复合装置，Turbo-Charger-Compound)。另一方面，电马达可用于提高加载压力，假如这是必要的。
流体输送设备但是还可构造为至少一个鼓风机，其优选地前接涡轮增压器的压缩机和/或后接废气涡轮。因此，不必执行在涡轮增压器处的结构上的改变。可观察到，不仅前接涡轮增压器的压缩机的鼓风机而且后接废气涡轮的鼓风机可被应用。后接废气涡轮的鼓风机可优选地抗腐蚀地实施，因为马达废气的露点经常处于使得出现冷凝潮湿(Kondensationsfeuchte)。自然地，也可设置两个相应地布置的鼓风机的组合。
燃料空气混合物优选地可在一个、优选地受控制的或调节的混合设备中生成。
特别优选地，混合设备可根据流动布置在至少一个活塞气缸单元和催化器之间。由此可特别简单地和有针对性地影响输送穿过催化器的燃料空气混合物的焓。
自然地，燃料空气混合物也可以其他方式生成。对此，一方面混合设备可简单地是这样的，其生成用于活塞气缸单元的混合物。这样的混合设备可如此构造和布置，以至于混合物在进入到压缩机前已经存在(混合物加载的马达)。但是在活塞气缸单元本身处或在至其的供应管路中也可使用受控制的或调节的阀(空气加载的马达)。
流体输送设备但是也可通过至少一个活塞气缸单元形成。在此内燃机可通过起动装置或(实际上待驱动的)发电机旋转，以便如此生成带有强制方向(Zwangsrichtung)的流体流。
在一种这样的实施方案中，可特别有利的是，混合设备通过如下装置形成，该装置为了制造用于在至少一个活塞气缸单元中的燃烧的燃料空气混合物而构造。由此不必安装附加的混合设备，由此得出一种特别简单的实施方案。
为了避免在输送燃料空气混合物穿过催化器时通过内燃机引起的阻力，可设置用于绕过至少一个活塞气缸单元的绕过管路，其根据流动与至至少一个活塞气缸单元的用于燃料空气混合物或空气的供应管路和在至少一个活塞气缸单元和催化器之间的连接管路相连接。这在带有更可能较少数量的活塞气缸单元的内燃机中是特别有利的，因为那么如下可能性更低，即用于活塞气缸单元的输入和输出阀同时开启且由此可出现如下情况，即物质流不可流动通过至少一个活塞气缸单元。
为了阻止，物质流在内燃机的燃烧运行期间流动穿过绕过管路，在绕过管路中可设置有阻断阀。
在一种特别优选的实施方式中，混合设备可布置在连接管路中且绕过管路与连接管路的连接可根据流动布置在混合设备前。在此，燃料相对空气的混合份额可特别良好地控制或调节。
可设置成，调节设备在内燃机的起动前或间歇地在停机阶段期间激活流体输送设备。
对于根据本发明的方法的一种特别简单的执行方案而言，可控制的或可调节的混合设备可与调节设备相连接且由其如此控制或调节，以至于当流体输送设备激活时，混合设备制造燃料空气混合物。
阻断阀也可(优选地由调节设备)在燃烧运行期间关闭且在切断状态中开启。
催化器可具有(优选地电气)附带加热装置(也称为停机加热装置)。在此可使用至少一个阻断阀片，以便阻止冷却的空气流穿过催化器和另外的废气道。
也可设置可电气加热的催化器元件的使用，其在一定程度上允许催化器“从内部”的加热。尤其，与燃料空气混合物的穿过催化器的根据本发明的输送一起，由此也可在较强的冷却的系统中达到在催化器中的相应的温度，而不同时局部使催化器过热。
附图说明
本发明的另外的优点和细节根据附图以及从属于此的附图描述得出。在此
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的内燃机，其带有作为流体输送设备的涡轮增压器的压缩机，以及
图2示意性地示出根据本发明的内燃机，其带有用于作为流体输送设备的鼓风机的布置的两个备选方案。
具体实施方式
图1和图2以示意图示出了根据本发明的内燃机的不同的实施方式。基础的内燃机的基本工作原理是相同的。该基本工作原理随后简要描述：
空气A(在大多数情况下环境空气)被吸取且在涡轮增压器4的压缩机7中被压缩。经由供应管路15，经压缩的质量到达到活塞气缸单元2中，其中，在此纯粹示例性地分别呈现四个活塞气缸单元2。自然地，对于在活塞气缸单元2中的燃烧同样提供燃料空气混合物(除了在内燃机的切断状态中输送穿过催化器的燃料空气混合物以外)。这可或者通过前接压缩机7的气体混合器(未呈现)发生(混合物加载的马达)。或者气体混合器可布置在供应管路15中(空气加载的马达)。备选地或附加地，控制的或调节的燃料带入装置可直接使用在活塞气缸单元2处。
在活塞气缸单元2中的燃烧后，物质内容(或内容物质，即Stoffinhalt)被从活塞气缸单元2中引出且经由连接管路16供应给催化器5。在穿流催化器5后，物质流到达至涡轮增压器4的废气涡轮3且最终作为废气逸出。废气涡轮3经由共同的轴9与涡轮增压器4的压缩机7连接，从而废气涡轮3驱动压缩机7用于生成加载压力。
两个呈现的实施方式此外具有混合设备13。经由该混合设备13，来自燃料容器(在大多数情况下油箱)或来自内燃机(未呈现)1的燃料供给的燃料F混合至通过流体输送设备6生成的空气流，这产生输送穿过催化器5的燃料空气混合物。
从图1和图2的两个视图同样共同的是绕过管路14，其将供应管路15与连接管路16相连接。该绕过管路14然而不是绝对必要的，因为空气也可穿过活塞气缸单元2被输送至催化器。
在此也可观察到，混合设备13不必专有地布置在画入的位置处。例如，其也可在供应管路15中、在绕过管路14或前置于压缩机7布置。最终也可能的是，不使用单独的混合设备13。因为也可使用如下装置，其用于制造用于在活塞气缸单元2中的燃烧的燃料空气混合物。
在绕过管路14中优选地可设置有阻断阀17。该阻断阀可在运行期间阻断，从而在供应管路15和连接管路16之间不出现直接的物质流。
在两个实施例中，此外设置有催化器绕过管路19，在其中优选地同样布置有阀20。
经由绕催化器5的催化器绕过管路19和混合设备13(其在涡轮增压器4的废气涡轮3之前又通入)以及阀20可附加地调节在催化器5后的废气系(或废气管路，即Abgasstrang)中的温度(例如借助于在总导管(Zusammenführung)中/后的温度感应器)，以便避免对于涡轮增压器和后接的废气道的构件的温度峰值。利用该系统可此外避免或至少降低可能的后接的SCR的冷却。(以SCR(选择性催化还原)标记催化器，其中，通过先前地混合还原剂、在大多数情况下尿素水溶液至废气物质流，执行确定的催化的反应用于确定的排放物、在大多数情况下氮氧化物的选择性的还原。)
在图1的具体的实施方案中，流体输送设备6通过压缩机7结合(在该情况中电气构造的)马达8形成，其中，马达8的输出端11与涡轮增压器4的共同的轴9连接。如果切断内燃机1，通过借助于马达8驱动的压缩机7可首先输送空气穿过绕过管路14和活塞气缸单元2。如稍微更上面描述的，然后在混合设备13中通过燃料的添加产生燃料空气混合物，其被输送穿过催化器5。通过在催化器5中的催化反应出现热量，由此催化器5在起动内燃机1之前被预加热。在起动内燃机时，从活塞气缸单元2中引出的物质流的完整的焓然后可用于改善废气涡轮3的效用。
设置有控制或调节设备18，其一方面与马达8连接且另一方面与混合设备13连接。该控制或调节设备18承担对描述的加热过程的控制。为了明显起见，在控制或调节单元18与阻断阀17和阀20之间的附加的连接未呈现。控制或调节单元18在内燃机1的切断状态中可开启阻断阀17，由此绕过管路14可用于描述的目的。在运行期间，控制或调节设备18然后可关闭阻断阀17。
阀20的先前描述的调节或控制同样可由调节设备18执行。
不仅阻断阀17而且阀20分别可实施为完全地阻止物质流的经过的截断阀或实施为容积流调节阀或类似。
图2示出了用于鼓风机12的布置的两个备选方案，该鼓风机12与涡轮增压器4分开地实施。在该情况中，鼓风机12形成流体输送设备6，因此为此将鼓风机与控制或调节设备18相连接。
除了根据流动在压缩机7前或在废气涡轮3后的布置以外，自然地也可应用带有两个鼓风机12的实施方式，其如图2中呈现的那样布置。
鼓风机12在供应管路15和/或连接管路16中的布置自然地也基本上是可能的。最终，压缩机7和一个鼓风机12或多个鼓风机12的组合也可应用为流体输送设备6。
如已经提及的那样，活塞气缸单元本身也可形成流体输送设备6，其中，可避免与轴9连接的马达8或一个或多个鼓风机12的安装。作为混合设备13，那么例如可使用气体混合器或另一装置用于制造用于在活塞气缸单元2中的燃烧的燃料空气混合物。
用于输送燃料空气混合物穿过催化器5的根据本发明的流体输送设备的另一优点在于，在内燃机1的切断状态中废气道和若有可能活塞气缸单元2可由燃料空气混合物自由泵送(所谓的“吹洗”)。这可在内燃机1的正常的运行停止后或在失败的起动尝试后进行。

Claims (18)

1.一种内燃机，带有
- 至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)，
- 具有废气涡轮(3)的涡轮增压器(4)，
- 催化器(5)，其接通到所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)和所述废气涡轮(3)之间，以及
- 调节设备(18)，
其特征在于，所述调节设备构造用于，如此调节流体输送设备(6)，以至于所述流体输送设备在所述内燃机(1)的如下状态中输送燃料空气混合物穿过所述催化器(5)，在该状态中在至少一个所述活塞气缸单元(2)中不发生燃烧和/或点燃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述流体输送设备(6)构造为所述涡轮增压器(4)的压缩机(7)，其中，设置有马达(8)用于驱动所述压缩机(7)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述马达(8)的输出端(11)与所述涡轮增压器(4)的压缩机(7)和所述废气涡轮(3)的共同的轴(9)相连接。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述马达(8)电气实施且优选地可发电机式运行。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述流体输送设备(6)构造为至少一个鼓风机(12)，其优选地前接所述涡轮增压器(4)的压缩机(7)和/或后接所述废气涡轮(3)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，设置有优选地可控制的或可调节的混合设备(13)，借助于其可制造所述燃料空气混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述混合设备(13)根据流动布置在所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)和所述催化器(5)之间。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述可控制的或可调节的混合设备(13)与所述调节设备(18)连接且由其如此控制或调节，以至于当所述流体输送设备(6)激活时，所述混合设备(13)制造所述燃料空气混合物。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述混合设备(13)为了供给以燃料而与用于所述内燃机的供给管路和/或燃料容器连接。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，设置有用于绕过所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)的绕过管路(14)，其根据流动与用于空气或燃料空气混合物的至至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)的供应管路(15)和在所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)和所述催化器(5)之间的连接管路(16)相连接。
11.根据权利要求6和10所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述混合设备(13)布置在所述连接管路(16)中且所述绕过管路(14)与所述连接管路(16)的连接根据流动布置在所述混合设备(13)前。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述绕过管路(14)中设置有阻断阀(17)。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述流体输送设备(6)通过所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)形成。
14.根据权利要求6和权利要求13所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述混合设备(13)通过如下装置形成，该装置构造成用于制造用于在所述至少一个活塞气缸单元(2)中燃烧的燃料空气混合物。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述催化器(5)具有优选地电气的附带加热装置。
16.一种用于准备尤其根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的内燃机(1)的起动过程的方法，其中，所述内燃机(1)的催化器(5)在所述内燃机(1)的这样的状态中通过输送燃料空气混合物穿过所述催化器(5)而被预热和/或保持温热，在所述状态中不执行燃烧和/或点燃。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，流体输送设备(6)的马达(8)在所述内燃机(1)的燃烧运行期间发电机式地运行。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述燃料空气混合物在所述内燃机(1)的起动前和/或间歇地在停机时间期间被输送穿过所述催化器(5)。
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