CN107929747A - 亲水聚合物的组合物 - Google Patents
亲水聚合物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107929747A CN107929747A CN201610888909.4A CN201610888909A CN107929747A CN 107929747 A CN107929747 A CN 107929747A CN 201610888909 A CN201610888909 A CN 201610888909A CN 107929747 A CN107929747 A CN 107929747A
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种崩解性能改善的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物,该组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍的亲水聚合物Ⅱ。此外,还揭示了一种(释药性能(的稳定性))改善的)(特别是,亲水缓(/控)释制剂)制剂,该制剂包括一种(或多种)药物、上述水凝胶型聚合物的组合物及任选药学上可接受的配方剂。上述制剂,释放介质的离子强度(盐度)对其中药物从该制剂中释放(特别是缓(/控)释放)的损害作用被抵消了,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中,特别是在禁食以及在进食条件下,沿着整个胃肠道的来自该制剂的剂量倾泄或剂量基本不释放被防止了。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种亲水聚合物的组合物。具体来说,涉及一种崩解(或溶胀)性能改善的亲水聚合物的组合物。
技术背景
药用亲水聚合物在药学中可作崩解剂或阻滞剂,用来加速或延缓药物释放而达到预期目的。其原理是通过药用亲水聚合物吸水形成膨胀物来达到目的的。
然而,这些与水接触可溶胀的作“崩解剂”或“阻滞剂”的亲水聚合物,易发生“盐中毒”效应及“凝胶阻塞”效应,特别是在承压状态下(即膨胀时会受到其他周边基质材料的“四壁”的反作用力)。此处“盐中毒”效应(下方中的含义同此)是指与水接触可溶胀的亲水聚合物,特别是在承压状态下,在含有电解质(盐)的水溶液如生理盐水、尿液、经血、阴道中的体液、直肠中的体液中的吸水溶胀的能力相对于去离子水大大降低的现象;此处“凝胶阻塞”效应(下方中的含义同此)是指与水接触可溶胀的亲水聚合物粒子被润湿并且溶胀,抑制了流体向粒子的其它区域如内部转移并抑制了粒子进一步溶胀的现象,就如同形成所谓“未和开的面团”的现象,特别是在承压状态下将更加严重。产生凝胶堵塞现象的主要原因是膨润后,特别是在承压状态下,颗粒之间的空隙减少及粘性增加。
与水接触可溶胀的作“崩解剂”或“阻滞剂”的亲水聚合物发生“盐中毒”效应及“凝胶阻塞”效应后,溶胀性能随继发生较大的改变,一些聚合物颗粒性未能有效膨胀或充分膨胀,从而使药物制剂未能充分或完全崩解,因而可引起药物制剂释药速度变缓甚至基本不释药等问题。
特别是在缓(/控)释制剂中,因亲水聚合物颗粒性未能有效膨胀或充分膨胀,该制剂还可能出现药物释放加快甚至出现药物快速异常释放或者说剂量倾释(dose-dumping)等用药安全问题。
因而,含有这些亲水聚合物的药物制剂的药物释放行为将可能变得不稳定,如释药速率可能严重偏离预期,过快或过慢,甚至基本不释药或突然倾释;此外,药物释放行为不稳定还包括前后释药速度不恒定、不一致,前期释药偏快,后期释药偏慢(同一离子强度(盐度)下或同一释药介质下)。
这暗示含有这些亲水聚合物的药物制剂优选不得不提供稳定的药物释放模式,特别是不得不在变化的离子强度(盐度)的介质中避免释药速率过度变化,因为胃肠腔内容物在胃肠道不同的区域呈现变化的离子强度值(盐度)。在胃肠道中遇到的离子强度值(盐度)不仅随胃肠道的区域变化,而且随食物的摄取变化,上述药物制剂优选也不得不提供稳定的药物释放模式并尤其不得不避免无论患者处于禁食或进食条件下提供稳定的药物释放模式。胃肠流体的离子强度可在大约0.01至大约0.2之间(Johnson等,1993,Int.J.Pharm.,151-159)。
离子强度,大部分情况下由符号μ(有时为I)表示,为溶液的特性并定义为:
其中ci为第i个离子的摩尔浓度,Zi为它的电荷,且该总和包括溶液中的所有离子(Martin,A.,1993,Physical Pharmacy,Williams&wilkins,第134-135页),反映了溶液的盐度。已知在通过溶液中特定的电解质产生的离子上,离子强度的建立可良好测量由溶液的所有离子影响的非理想性。
有文献中描述了环境介质的离子强度(盐度)对含有这些亲水聚合物的药物制剂的崩解作用、胶凝作用和粘度上的影响。
Mitchell等(制药技术·控制的药物释放,第2卷,Wells,J.I.,Rubinstein,M.H.(编辑),Ellis Horwood Limited,第23-33页,1991)公开电解质对羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)K15M基质片崩解作用和胶凝作用的影响。在环境介质的低离子强度下,HPMC基质不受电解质影响且发生水合作用产生完整的凝胶层。然而,在中等离子强度下,基质失去形状和完整性,且它们迅速碎裂。片剂停止作为缓(/控)释基质起作用,因为在增加环境介质中的溶质浓度的情况下,通过水合作用的减少而阻碍胶凝作用。因此,存在于环境介质中的电解质能够改进药物从HPMC基质中的释放模式。药物本身也可以影响水合作用并因此影响HPMC的胶凝作用。因此,药物可在测定它们本身的释放中起积极作用(Mitchell等,Int.J.Pharm.,1993,100,165-173)。所以,药物掺合到HPMC基质中可导致无法预期的崩解模式并因此导致剂型无法预期的治疗效果。
在Int.J.Pharm.,1995,120,63-72中描述黄原酸胶基质片剂在不同离子强度的氯化钠溶液中的溶胀行为。在生理离子强度的范围内,黄原酸胶片剂的溶胀显示与盐浓度相互关联。
上述离子强度对含有这些亲水聚合物的药物制剂的药物释放行为的损害作用,可归结为粘性的亲水聚合物的水合作用的变化。所述亲水聚合物不得不与组成释放介质的离子强度的溶质来竞争水合水。所以,聚合物不可水合到这样的程度以确保对崩解具有可接受的抗性的足够完整的基质形成。该基质聚合物的水合(崩解)(作用)可极大的或者甚至完全受到抑制以致于缓(/控)释制剂在释放介质中基质几乎立即碎裂引发突然倾释,或使普通片剂中的崩解剂完全失去崩解作用而无法释药或延时崩解使释药变慢。
因此,现实中还需要改进或改善上述亲水聚合物在药学中的用途。
下列专利提供作为参考。
中国专利CN1079698C(或US5714156)揭示了通过混合两类有不同AAP值(Absorption Against Pressure值,吸湿凝胶材料吸收液体的能力的重要参数)的水凝胶型颗粒,可获得协同效应,其中混合物的AAP值比基于混合物的组分的重量百分率所预测的值高。通过混合两类有不同TCC值和相同AAP值的水凝胶型颗粒可使混合物的AAP值意外地增加。但该专利未提及加入上述水凝胶型颗粒使制剂的崩解(释药)性能(的稳定性)改善的应用。
中国专利CN1345233A(或EP0691133B1)揭示了预胶凝淀粉用于防止在变化的离子强度的释放介质中来自亲水缓(/控)释制剂的剂量倾泄(dose-dumping)的用途。该专利未提及AAP值相关问题。该专利也未提及部分预胶凝(/化)淀粉,在实施例中提及的是鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉。通过鼓式干燥法制得的是全预胶凝(/化)淀粉(参见《药用辅料手册》(中译本,原著第4版,郑俊民主译,化学工业出版社)2005年第1版第700页:13制法第二部分)。蜡状(质)玉米淀粉是一种几乎全支链的淀粉。全预胶凝(/化)淀粉水溶性较好,可溶于冷水,可分散于常温水、温水,其AAP值测定值与其他水溶性较好的聚合物基本相当,如HPMC、HPC、MC、PVP等,明显低于部分预胶凝(/化)淀粉的AAP值,也明显低于其他水不溶性的聚合物的AAP值,如CMC-Na、羧甲基淀粉钠、HPS、L-HPC、交连PVP、聚丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠等。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种(特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)崩解(或溶胀)性能(的稳定性)改善的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物,该组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值(即Absorption Against Pressure值,或称承压膨胀(溶胀)值,该值反映聚合物抵抗压力下的崩解溶胀能力,下同)比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性(包括通常意义上的“略溶”、“微溶”、“几乎不溶”或“完全不溶”等意思,以下“非水溶性”含义均同此)的亲水聚合物Ⅱ。
本发明涉及上述组合物用作在药物制剂中起崩解(或溶胀)性能作用的添加剂的用途。
本发明涉及上述组合物用作在亲水缓(/控)释制剂中起药物释放阻滞作用的添加剂的用途。
本发明涉及一种水凝胶型聚合物的组合物的用途,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性的亲水聚合物Ⅱ,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物用于改善包含一种(或多种)药物和上述水凝胶型聚合物的组合物的(特别是,亲水缓(/控)释制剂)制剂(特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)的释药性能(的稳定性)的用途,或者说,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物用于抵消释放介质的离子强度(盐度)对药物从该制剂中释放(特别是缓(/控)释释放)的损害作用的用途,特别是,用于防止在禁食以及在进食条件下,沿着整个胃肠道的来自该制剂的药物剂量倾泄或药物剂量基本不释放的用途)。
本发明涉及一种((特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)崩解(或溶胀)性能(的稳定性)(或释药性能(的稳定性))改善的)制剂(特别是,亲水缓(/控)释制剂),该制剂包括一种(或多种)药物、一种水凝胶型聚合物的组合物(及任选药学上可接受的配方剂),该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性的亲水聚合物Ⅱ。上述制剂,释放介质的离子强度(盐度)对其中药物从该制剂中释放(特别是缓(/控)释放)的损害作用被抵消了,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中,特别是在禁食以及在进食条件下,沿着整个胃肠道的来自该制剂的剂量倾泄或剂量基本不释放被防止了。此外,上述亲水缓(/控)释制剂有明显更长缓(/控)释药物的时间,比常规亲水缓(/控)释制剂。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)的AAP值至少为上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的AAP值的1.5(优选2,更优选3,更优选5,更优选10,最优选15)倍。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP1,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP2,二者混合物的相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP1,2,AAP1,2/(w·AAP1+p·AAP2)>1(更佳地≥1.25),其中,w为上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)占上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的百分率,p为上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)占上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的百分率,且p+w=1,上述相对于压力的吸收值AAP是在21.1g/cm2(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm2(1psi)之间、优选在35.2g/cm2(0.5psi)和56.2g/cm2(0.8psi)之间的压力下测量的(说明:本文中所有相比较的吸收值AAP的测定是在同一条件(压力)下进行的)。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)的TCC值高于上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的TCC值,二者的混合物的AAP值高于上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)和上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)中任一个的AAP值,其中所述相对于压力的吸收值是在21.1g/cm2(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm2(1psi)之间、优选在35.2g/cm2(0.5psi)和56.2g/cm2(0.8psi)之间的压力下测量的。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的重量占上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的至少10%。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸基本上不小于上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ和上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ的AAP值之差至少2(优选5,更优选10,更优选20,最优选40)克/克。
较佳地,在49.2g/cm2(0.7psi)的压力下,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)的AAP值为至少8(优选15,更优选25)克/克。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ材料的TCC值为至少10(优选20,更优选40)克/克。
较佳地,较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的含量在上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ材料总重量的10%和97%(优选20%和90%,更优选20%和85%,更优选30%和75%,最优选30%和65%)之间。
较佳地,上述亲水聚合物Ⅱ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸在10微米和250微米之间,上述亲水聚合物Ⅰ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸在20微米和400微米之间。
在上文或下文中使用的术语“崩解(或溶胀)性能的(稳定性)改善”或“释药性能的(稳定性)改善”是指在释放介质中的离子强度(或盐度)在较大幅度(如从0.01至大约0.2范围内,更佳地如从0.01至大约0.4范围内)变化下,制剂的药物“崩解(或溶胀)性能”或“释药性能”,或者说从制剂中能够释放药物的能力,基本不变或变化幅度显著减少;或/和,指制剂释放介质中离子强度(盐度)基本不变(同一释放介质中)时,前后期释药速度基本不变(基本恒定、基本一致),或前期与后期释药速度变化程度显著减少。
在上文或下文中使用的术语“释放介质”包括所有种类的液体介质,其中能够发生药物从制剂中的释放,即例如在体外溶解介质中,特别是在体液中,更特别是在胃肠流体中的释放。上述释放介质,特别地是指在具有增加的离子强度的释放介质中,更特别是指在具有范围最多可达0.4的离子强度值的释放介质中,甚至更特别是指在生理条件下遇到的离子强度值的释放介质中,即沿着整个胃肠道在禁食以及在进食条件下,且最特别是在大约0.01至大约0.2范围内的离子强度值的释放介质中。
术语“缓(/控)释”指的是药物及时从制剂中缓慢逐渐释放、持续释放、延长释药、缓释或延长释放。特别地,是指的是口服给药后制剂中50-80%或更多的药物不立即释放且制剂使给药次数减少,按照美国药典24版第2059页,延时释放的定义可与控制释放互换。在此与延长作用、持续释放或延时释放同义使用的控制释放剂型描述为使给药次数减少至少两倍或与常规剂型(例如,作为溶液或促进药物释放的常规固体剂型)相比较明显增加患者的顺应性或治疗作用的剂型。
术语“剂量倾泄”为本领域技术人员熟知且定义为在打算用作控制释放制剂的制剂中掺合的活性成分大部分或全部突然释放。代替时间延长期间的释放,全部剂量或至少其大部分短时间内释放。依活性成分和效力而定,这可引起严重的副作用或甚至死亡。
“TTC值”(Teabag Centrifuge Capacity)及“AAP值”定义及测定方法见下文中的测试试验方法部分。
已发现通过加入一小部分的不同类AAP值较高(较佳地,半质量颗粒尺寸还较小)的水凝胶型颗粒(亲水聚合物Ⅱ),特别有利于改善低AAP值水凝胶型材料(亲水聚合物Ⅰ)的AAP值。不希望受任何理论的限制,相信有较高AAP值的颗粒吸收液体时比AAP值较低的“较软”颗粒耐变形的能力大。在混合物中,较小、“较硬”的颗粒保持开放结构而防止“较软”、较大的颗粒膨胀时形成不透性屏障。
基于此,意外地发现,加入较高AAP值的亲水聚合物Ⅱ能够抵消释放介质的离子强度(盐度)对低AAP值水凝胶型材料(亲水聚合物Ⅰ)的崩解(或溶胀)性能的损害或者甚至破坏作用,提高其崩解(或溶胀)性能的稳定性,进而改善包含低AAP值水凝胶型材料(亲水聚合物Ⅰ)的制剂在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中释药性能的稳定性。例如在给药后15min的时间间隔内或更长,通过使较高AAP值的亲水聚合物Ⅱ掺合到制剂中,制剂的释药性能性能基本不变或变化幅度大幅减少,特别是在具有增加的离子强度的释放介质中,更特别是在具有范围最多可达0.4的离子强度值的释放介质中,甚至更特别是在生理条件下遇到的离子强度值的释放介质中,即沿着整个胃肠道在禁食以及在进食条件下,且最特别是在大约0.01至大约0.2范围内变化的离子强度值的释放介质中制剂的释药性能性能基本不变或变化幅度大幅减少。
具体实施方式
亲水聚合物Ⅰ
用于本发明的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅰ一般为药学上可接受的与水接触可溶胀“崩解”的亲水聚合物。它们可在普通制剂如普通片剂中作“崩解剂”使其迅速崩解释药。它们也可在缓(/控)释制剂作“阻滞剂”——逐渐、缓慢、连续释放活性成分,它们给药后与含水流体接触溶胀,生成粘性的、调节药物释放的凝胶层。
用于本发明的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅰ的粘度优选在150至100,000mPa.s(在20℃下,2%水溶液的表观粘度)之间。这样的聚合物的实例为:
多糖类、纤维素类衍生物(缓(/控)释)材料:
-烷基纤维素,例如甲基纤维素;
-羟烷基纤维素,例如羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙纤维素(包括低取代羟丙纤维素)和羟丁基纤维素;
-羟烷基烷基纤维素,例如羟乙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素,例如羧甲基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素的碱金属盐、交联的羧烷基纤维素的碱金属盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠;
-羧烷基烷基纤维素,例如羧甲基乙基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素酯;
-其它的天然的、半合成的或合成的多糖,例如藻酸及其碱金属盐和铵盐、角叉菜聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、黄蓍胶、琼脂、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、果胶、结冷胶、羧甲基淀粉钠或丙烯酸支(枝)接淀粉钠、甲壳质衍生物例如脱乙酰壳多糖、多聚果糖、旋复花粉。
丙烯酸树脂类(缓(/控)释)材料:
-聚丙烯酸和它们的盐;
-聚甲基丙烯酸和它们的盐、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物。
聚乙烯类(缓(/控)释)材料:
-聚乙烯醇;聚乙酸乙烯酯;聚羧乙烯(卡波普);聚氧乙烯;
-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物;
-聚乙烯醇与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的组合物;
-聚环氧烷类例如聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物,如泊洛沙姆(F127)。
优选的亲水聚合物为多糖,更特别为纤维素衍生物且最特别为纤维素醚衍生物。
最优选的纤维素醚衍生物为羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。
不同粘度级别的羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素为市场上可得到的。
在本发明中优选使用的羟丙基甲基纤维素具有在大约3,500mPa.s至大约100,000mPa.s之间的粘度级别,特别是在大约4,000mPa.s至大约20,000mPa.s之间,且最特别是在大约6,500mPa.s至大约15,000mPa.s(在20℃下,2%水溶液的表观粘度)之间的粘度级别,例如hypromellose 2208(DOW,Antwerp,比利时)。
具有粘度低于1,500mPa.s(在20℃下,2%水溶液的表观粘度)的羟丙基纤维素为优选,特别是在大约150至大约700mPa.s之间的粘度的羟丙基纤维素,优选在200至600mPa.s之间,例如Klucel EF(Hercules,Wilminton,USA)。
组成基质的粘性的亲水聚合物主要提供制剂的控制药代动力学释放模式。依在制剂中所具有聚合物的量而定,释放模式能够被变化。本发明制剂中粘性的亲水聚合物的量优选在大约0.01至大约80%(w/w)之间。另外,当使用聚合物的组合物时,所述聚合物的比例也影响制剂的释放模式。例如,当使用一种或多种亲水的聚合物时,优选使用纤维素衍生物,更特别使用羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素的重量百分比(%w/w)优选在0至大约16%之间;羟丙基纤维素的重量百分比优选在大约25%至大约62%之间。羟丙基纤维素与羟丙基甲基纤维素的比例优选在1∶5至5∶1之间,更优选在1∶1至5∶1之间,且最优选在3∶1至5∶1之间。
不同聚合物的组合物提供使不同的机制组合的可能性,借助这些机制从基质中释放活性成分。这样的组合有助于任意控制制剂的药代动力学释放模式。如在上文中提及的那样,存在三种主要的机制,借助这些机制可以从亲水性基质中释放活性成分:溶出、溶蚀和扩散。当它均匀分散在可溶性聚合物的基质网状物中时,活性成分将通过溶出机制释放。该网状物将逐渐溶于胃肠道,由此逐渐释放出它的载荷。基质聚合物也能够逐渐从基质表面溶蚀,同样及时释放活性成分。当活性成分在不溶性聚合物组成的基质中处理时,它将经扩散释放:胃肠道流体渗透到不溶性的、海绵样的基质中并伴随药物脱离载荷扩散出来。
通过一套组合的释放机制,一种或多种活性成分从包含羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素的基质中释放。由于羟丙基甲基纤维素与羟丙基纤维素相比较具有较高的溶解性,前者将逐渐从基质中溶解和溶蚀,而后者更多是作为海绵样基质起作用,前者主要通过扩散释放活性成分。
亲水聚合物Ⅱ
在本发明所用的(上述)亲水聚合物Ⅱ是一种“药学上可接受的水溶胀性且水基本上不溶性的聚合物”,它们是指这样的一种药学上可接受的材料(聚合物),当它暴露于过量的水中时,它膨胀至其平衡体积,但基本上不溶解于溶液中。这种聚合物材料通常也称为“水解胶体”或“超吸湿”材料。就本文所用定义而言,如果一种材料被认为是水溶性的,它基本上溶解于过量的水中形成溶液,由此失去其初始的、特别是颗粒状的形状,并实质上以分子状态分散于水溶液中。通常的准则是,水可溶性材料是无实质程度交联的,因为交联将使材料具有水不溶性。
用于本发明的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅱ通常是交联的。交联的量通常应在足以使聚合物保持水基本上不溶性的最小量之上,但也应在使聚合物保持水中足够溶胀的最大量之下,以使聚合物能吸收所需量的液体而并溶胀。
通常聚合物的交联通过两种不同类型的交联剂之一的使用来实现。第一种类型的交联剂为可聚合的交联剂。适宜的可聚合交联剂通常对用于制备聚合物的单体是呈反应性的,并且因此通常含有至少两个可与单体反应的官能团。适宜的可聚合交联剂的例子,对于自由基聚合来说包括乙烯基类不饱和单体,如N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,对于缩聚来说包括多胺或多醇。
第二类型的交联剂是后交联剂。后交联剂通常不参与整个聚合过程,但在较后的时间当提供给适当的交联条件时,它可以与聚合物反应。适宜的后处理条件包括使用加热处理,如温度高于约60℃,暴露于紫外线,暴露于微波,蒸汽或高湿度处理,高压处理或用有机溶剂处理。
适用于本发明的后交联剂通常为水溶性的。适宜的后交联剂为至少具有两个可与聚合物上的任何羧基、羧酸、氨基或羟基反应的官能团或官能度的一种有机化合物。适宜的后交联剂的例子包括(但不限于)二元胺,多胺,二元醇,多醇,多羧酸和多氧化物。另一种适宜的后交联剂含有带多于两个正电荷的金属离子,如Al3+,Fe2+,Ce3+、Ce4+,Ti4+,Zr4+和Cr3+。
当聚合物为阳离子聚合物时,适宜的交联剂为聚合物阴离子的材料,如聚丙烯酸钠,羧甲基纤维素,或多磷酸盐。
用于本发明的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅱ优选(分子结构中)含有多种阴离子官能团,如磺酸基,和更典型地如羧基的聚合物。适用于此的聚合物的例子包括从可聚合的、不饱和的、含酸单体制备的那些聚合物。因此,这种单体包括含至少一个碳-碳烯属双键的烯属不饱和酸和酐。更具体地,这些单体可选自烯属不饱和羧酸和酸酐、烯属不饱和磺酸及其混合物。
在制备上述的亲水聚合物Ⅱ中,也可包括某些通常以较少量的非酸单体。这种非酸单体可包括例如含酸单体的水溶性或水可分散的酯,以及不含羧酸或磺酸基的单体。因此任选的非酸单体可包括含有如下类官能团的单体:羧酸或磺酸酯、羟基、酰胺基、氨基、腈基和季铵盐基。这些非酸单体为公知物质,更详细地描述在例如1978年2月28日颁发的美国专利4,076,663(Masuda等)和1977年12月13日颁发的美国专利4,062,817(Westerman)中,二者均引入供参考。
烯属不饱和羧酸和羧酸酐单体包括丙烯酸类,典型地为丙烯酸本身、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、氯代丙烯酸、α-氰基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸(巴豆酸)、苯基丙烯酸、丙烯酰氧丙酸(-acryloxypropionic acid)、山梨酸、氯山梨酸、当归酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、-sterylacrylic acid、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧乙烯和马来酸酐。
烯属不饱和磺酸单体包括脂族或芳族乙烯基磺酸如乙烯基磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、乙烯基甲苯磺酸和苯乙烯磺酸;丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸磺酸如丙烯酸磺乙酯、甲基丙烯酸磺乙酯、丙烯酸磺丙酯、甲基丙烯酸磺丙酯、2-羟基-3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磺酸和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸。
更宜优选用于本发明上述的亲水聚合物Ⅱ通常为中和或部分中和的弱酸性的(或弱碱性的)水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物。这些聚合物的pKa(或pKb)以约2~约12为宜,更有利地为约2~约10,适宜地为约3~约6。
现已发现,使用pKa(或pKb)小于约2或使用pKa(或pKb)大于约12的的可膨胀性、水不溶性的聚合物,通常将出现本发明不需要的性能,如低吸收液体速率、低的释药性能,而且还可能有较大的刺激性等
上述适宜的弱酸性水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物(分子结构中)包含可作弱酸用的官能团。这些官能团包括但不限于羧基,硫酸根基团,亚硫酸根基团,和磷酸根基团。适宜的官能团为羧基。通常,这些官能团连接于交联的基础聚合物上。适宜的基础聚合物包括聚丙烯酰胺,聚乙烯醇,乙烯马来酸酐共聚物,聚乙烯基醚,聚丙烯酸,聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯酸,聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯酸,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯基吗琳,及它们的共聚物。也可以使用天然的多糖聚合物,包括羧甲基纤维素,羧甲基淀粉,羟丙或乙基纤维素,海藻酸,海藻酸盐,腐植酸,角叉菜胶,丙烯酸接枝的淀粉,丙烯酸接枝的纤维素,及它们的共聚物。也可以使用合成的多肽,如聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚混合酸性氨基酸(如聚混合天冬氨酸,其实例如聚天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-赖氨酸酸(4∶2∶1);聚混合谷氨酸,其实例如聚谷氨酸-赖氨酸酸(4∶1)。此处术语“聚混合酸性氨基酸”是指链中含有包括酸性氨基酸在内的多种氨基酸,且酸性氨基酸(如天冬氨酸、谷氨酸)的摩尔数大于碱性氨基酸(如赖氨酸、精氨酸)的摩尔数的而呈现酸性的聚多种氨基酸(聚多种氨基酸参见文献:US5247068A)。优选适宜用于本发明的上述弱酸性水溶胀性且水不溶性的聚合物的实例包含但不限于(中和或部分中和的)重均分子量通常大于约100000的丙烯酸聚合物、聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯酸、聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯酸、丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物、淀粉接枝丙烯酸聚合物、纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物、腐植酸、聚卡波非(Polycarbophil polymers)、海藻酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚混合天冬氨酸和聚混合谷氨酸,及它们的混合物。
上述适宜的弱碱性水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物(分子结构中)包含可作弱碱用的官能团。这些官能团包括(但不限于)伯、仲和叔氨基,亚氨基,和酰氨基。适宜的官能团为氨基。通常,这些官能团连接于交联的基体聚合物上。适宜的基体聚合物包括聚胺或聚亚胺,聚乙烯亚胺,聚乙烯聚胺,聚丙烯酰胺,聚丙烯胺,聚丙烯碳原子数为C1~C4烷基胺,聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯胺,聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯碳原子数为C1~C4烷基胺,聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯胺,聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯碳原子数为C1~C4烷基胺,和聚季铵盐,及它们的共聚物。也可以使用天然的多糖聚合物,包括壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖及其他氨基多糖。也可以使用合成的多肽,如聚天冬酰胺,聚谷氨酰胺,聚赖氨酸,聚精氨酸,聚混合碱性氨基酸(如聚混合赖氨酸,其实例如聚谷氨酸-赖氨酸(1∶3);聚混合精氨酸,其实例如聚天冬氨酸-精氨酸(1∶4)。此处术语“聚混合碱性氨基酸”是指链中含有包括碱性氨基酸在内的多种氨基酸,且碱性氨基酸(如赖氨酸、精氨酸)的摩尔数大于酸性氨基酸(如天冬氨酸、谷氨酸)的摩尔数的而呈现碱性的聚多种氨基酸(聚多种氨基酸参见文献:US5247068A)。优选适宜用于本发明的上述弱碱性水溶胀性且水不溶性的聚合物的实例包含但不限于(中和或部分中和的)重均分子量通常大于约100000的聚胺或聚亚胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯胺、聚乙烯聚胺、聚丙烯碳原子数为C1~C4烷基胺、聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯胺、聚碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯碳原子数为C1~C4烷基胺、聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯胺、聚羟基碳原子数为C1~C4烷基丙烯原子数为C1~C4烷基胺、壳多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖、其他氨基多糖、聚天冬酰胺,聚谷氨酰胺,聚赖氨酸,聚精氨酸,聚混合赖氨酸和聚混合精氨酸,以及它们的混合物。
更宜优选用于本发明的上述的亲水聚合物Ⅱ选自(分子结构中)含有羧基的水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物。这些聚合物的实例包括水解淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、部分中和的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物、部分中和的淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物、皂化了的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、水解的丙烯腈或丙烯酰胺共聚物、上述任何共聚物的微网状交联的聚合物、部分中和的聚丙烯酸和部分中和的聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物、,预胶化20-80%的部分预胶化淀粉(说明:淀粉预胶化后,其AAP值随预胶化度上升出现先上升至最大值然后下降,完全预胶化后AAP值非常低,在冷水及常温水中难AAP值以测定或测不准),及它们的混合物。这些聚合物可单独使用或以两种或多种不同聚合物的混合物的形式使用。这些聚合物材料的例子公开在美国专利3,661,875、美国专利4,076,663、美国专利4,093,776、美国专利4,666,983和美国专利4,734,478中。
最宜优选用于制备上述的亲水聚合物Ⅱ为(部分中和的)聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物和其淀粉衍生物。
上述弱酸(或碱)性水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物中的弱酸(或碱)性官能团的中和度为约5~约100摩尔%,更有利地约30~约95摩尔%,适宜地约50~约90摩尔%,最适宜地约70~约80摩尔%。
用于本发明中的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅱ的分子量范围很宽。相对高分子量的水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物,对于本发明中的使用通常是有利的。适用于本发明的水溶胀性且水不溶性聚合物的重均分子量通常大于约20000,以大于约100000为佳,优选大于约200000,更优选大于约500000,大于1000000更适宜,最高达约10000000。测定聚合物分子量的方法通常在本领域是公知的。
有时更方便地表达聚合物分子量的方式是25℃下,1.0重量%的聚合物水溶液的粘度。适用于本发明的聚合物,以25℃下其1.0重量%水溶液的粘度为约200~约80000厘泊(mPa·s)为宜,更适宜为约500~约80000厘泊,最适宜为约1000~约80000厘泊。
本发明优选的(上述的)亲水聚合物Ⅱ是有较高吸收能力或Teabag CentrifugeCapacity值的。吸收能力或Teabag Centrifuge Capacity意指给定聚合物在不溶胀的条件下吸收与它接触的液体的能力。TCC可随被吸收的液体的性质和液体与聚合物材料的接触方式的不同而显著改变。
药物
本发明制剂适用于给予一种或多种药物。
缓(/控)释制剂中药物通常选自具有下列特性的药物:
(a)具有短的半衰期,以4至8小时或更短的级别,当以常规制剂给予时其不得不整天分几次剂量服用;或者
(b)具有窄的治疗指数;或者
(c)经整个胃肠道具有足够的吸收;或者
(d)具有相对小的治疗有效剂量。
适宜的药物为那些口服给药后发挥局部生理作用的物质以及那些发挥全身作用的物质。它们(特别是用于缓(/控)释制剂)的实例为:
-止痛药和抗炎药(NSAIDs、芬太尼、吲哚美辛、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、对乙酰氨基酚、吡罗昔康、曲马朵、COX-2抑制剂如塞来昔布(celecoxib)和罗非昔布(rofecoxib));
-抗心律失常药(普鲁卡因胺,奎尼丁、维拉帕米);
-抗菌和抗原生动物药(阿莫西林、氨苄西林、苄星青霉素、青霉素、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢丙烯、头孢呋辛axetil、头孢氨苄、氯霉素、氯喹、环丙沙星、克拉霉素、克拉维酸、克林霉素、多西环素、红霉素、氟氯西林钠、卤泛群、异烟肼、硫酸卡那霉素、林可霉素、甲氟喹、米诺环素、萘夫西林钠、萘啶酸、新霉素、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、苯唑西林、青霉素V钾、乙胺嘧啶-磺胺多辛、链霉素);
-抗凝药(华法林);
-抗抑郁药(阿米替林、阿莫沙平、布替林、氯米帕明、地昔帕明、度硫平、氟西汀、瑞波西汀、amineptine、司来吉兰、吉哌隆、丙米嗪、碳酸锂、米安色林、米那普仑、去甲替林、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、3-[2-[3,4-二氢苯并呋喃并[3,2-c]吡啶-2(1H)-基]乙基]-2-甲基-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮);
-抗糖尿病药(格列本脲、二甲双胍);
-抗癫痫药(卡马西平、氯硝西泮、乙琥胺、加巴喷丁、拉莫三嗪、左乙拉西坦、苯巴比妥、苯妥英、扑米酮、噻加宾、托吡酯、丙戊酰胺、氨己烯酸);
-抗真菌药(两性霉素B、克霉唑、益康唑、氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、硝酸咪康唑、制霉菌素、特比萘芬、voriconazole);
-抗组胺药(阿司咪唑、桂利嗪、赛庚啶、脱乙酯基氯雷他定、fexofenadine、氟桂利嗪、左卡巴斯汀、氯雷他定、norastemizole、奥沙米特、异丙嗪、特非那定);
-抗高血压药(卡托普利、依那普利、酮色林、赖诺普利、米诺地尔、哌唑嗪、雷米普利、利舍平、特拉唑嗪);
-抗毒蕈碱药(硫酸阿托品、东莨菪碱);
-抗肿瘤药和抗代谢物(铂化合物例如顺铂、卡铂;紫杉烷类例如紫杉酚、紫杉特尔(docetaxel);替康类(tecans)例如喜树碱、伊立替康、拓扑替康(topotecan);长春生物碱例如长春碱、长春地辛、长春新碱、长春瑞滨;核苷衍生物和叶酸拮抗剂例如5-氟尿嘧啶、加西他滨(capecitabine)、吉西他滨、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、克拉屈滨、甲氨蝶呤;烷化剂例如氮芥类,如环磷酰胺、苯丁酸氮芥、氮芥、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、或亚硝基脲类,例如卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、或者其它的烷化剂,例如白消安、达卡巴嗪、丙卡巴肼、塞替派;抗生素类例如柔红霉素、多柔比星、伊达比星、表柔比星、博来霉素、放线菌素D、丝裂霉素;HER 2抗体,例如trastuzumab;鬼臼毒素衍生物,例如依托泊苷、替诺泊苷;法呢基转移酶抑制剂;蒽醌衍生物,例如米托蒽醌);
-抗偏头痛药(alniditan、那拉曲坦、舒马普坦);
-抗帕金森病药(甲磺酸溴隐亭、左旋多巴、司来吉兰);
-精神抑制药、催眠药和镇静药(阿普唑仑、丁螺环酮、氯氮、氯丙嗪、氯氮平、地西泮、氟哌噻吨、氟奋乃静、氟西泮、9-羟基利培酮、劳拉西泮、mazapertine、奥氮平、奥沙西泮、匹莫齐特、匹泮哌隆、吡拉西坦、丙嗪、利培酮、塞福太、seroquel、舍吲哚、舒必利、替马西泮、替沃噻吨、三唑仑、三氟哌多、佐匹克隆(ziprasidone)、唑吡坦);
-抗中风药(芦贝鲁唑、芦贝鲁唑氧化物、利鲁唑、aptiganel、依利罗地、remacemide);
-镇咳药(右美沙芬、laevodropropizine);
-抗病毒药(阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、洛韦胺、tivirapine、齐多夫定、拉米夫定、齐多夫定+拉米夫定、去羟肌苷、扎西他滨、司他夫定(stavudine)、阿巴卡韦(abacavir)、lopinavir、安普那韦(amprenavir)、奈韦拉平、efavirenz、地拉韦啶(delavirdine)、英地那韦(indinavir)、奈非那韦(nelfinavir)、利托那韦(ritonavir)、沙奎那韦、adefovir、羟基脲);
-β-肾上腺素受体阻断剂(阿替洛尔、卡维地洛、美托洛尔、奈必洛尔、普萘洛尔(propanolol));
-强心药(氨力农、洋地黄毒苷、地高辛、米力农);
-皮质类固醇(倍氯米松二丙酸酯、倍他米松、布地奈德、地塞米松、氢化可的松、甲泼尼龙、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、曲安西龙);
-消毒剂(氯己定);
-利尿药(乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、氢氯噻嗪、异山梨醇);
-酶类;
-精油(茴香脑、茴香油、小豆蔻、山扁豆油、桉树脑、肉桂油、丁子香油、芫荽油、薄荷油、莳萝油、桉树油、丁子香酚、姜、柠檬油、芥子油、苦橙花油、肉豆蔻油、橙油、胡椒薄荷、一串红、薄荷、萜品油、百里香);
-胃肠道药物(西咪替丁、西沙必利、氯波必利、地芬诺酯、多潘立酮、法莫替丁、兰索拉唑、洛哌丁胺、洛哌丁胺氧化物、美沙拉嗪、甲氧氯普胺、莫沙必利、尼扎替丁、norcisapride、奥沙拉嗪、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑、吡拉唑(perprazole)、prucalopride、雷贝拉唑、雷尼替丁、利多格雷、柳氮磺吡啶);
-止血药(氨基己酸);
-脂质调节药(阿伐他汀(atorvastatin)、洛伐他汀、普伐他汀、普罗布考、辛伐他汀);
-局部麻醉药(苯佐卡因、利多卡因);
-阿片类镇痛药(丁丙诺啡、可待因、右吗拉胺、双氢可待因、二氢可待因酮、羟考酮、吗啡);
-拟副交感神经药和抗痴呆药(AIT-082、依斯的明、加兰他敏、美曲膦酯、milameline、新斯的明、毒扁豆碱、他克林、donepezil、rivastigmine、sabcomeline、talsaclidine、占诺美林、美金刚、拉扎贝胺);
-肽和蛋白质(抗体、becaplermin、环孢菌素、红细胞生成素、免疫球蛋白、胰岛素);
-性激素(雌激素:结合雌激素、炔雌醇、美雌醇、雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、孕激素:醋酸氯地孕酮、醋酸环丙孕酮、17-脱乙酰基诺孕酯、去氧孕烯、地诺孕素、地屈孕酮、二醋酸炔诺醇、孕二烯酮、3-酮基去氧孕烯、左炔诺孕酮、利奈孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、甲地孕酮、炔诺酮(norethindrone)、醋酸炔诺酮、炔诺酮(norethisterone)、醋酸炔诺酮、异炔诺酮、诺孕酯、炔诺孕酮、诺孕烯酮、黄体酮、醋酸奎孕醇);
-兴奋剂(西地那非(sildenafil));
-血管舒张药(氨氯地平、丁咯地尔、亚硝酸异戊酯、地尔硫、双嘧达莫、硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯、利多氟嗪、吗多明、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、己酮可可碱、戊四硝酯);它们的N-氧化物、它们的药学上可接受的酸或碱加成盐和它们的立体化学异构体形式。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括其经用适宜的有机和无机酸处理活性成分的碱形式能够便利得到的酸加成盐形式。
通过用适宜的有机和无机碱处理,可将含有酸性质子的活性成分转化为它们的非毒性金属或胺加成盐形式。
术语加成盐也包括活性成分能够形成的水合物和溶剂加合形式。这样形式的实例为例如水合物、醇化物等。
活性成分的N-氧化物形式包括那些其中一或数个氮原子被氧化为所谓N-氧化物的活性成分。
术语“立体化学异构体形式”定义为活性成分可具有的所有可能的立体异构体形式。更详细地讲,立体中心可具有R-或S-构型,且包含一或多个双键的活性成分可具有E-或Z-构型。
一组重要的活性成分为那些如在上文中描述的成分,条件是不包括沙丁胺醇、5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯、双氢麦角胺、维生素B12、结合雌激素、乙酰水杨酸、氟化物、咪康唑和曲安西龙。
另一组重要的活性成分为那些如在上文中描述的成分,条件是不包括与苯海拉明组合的沙丁胺醇、5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯、双氢麦角胺、维生素B12、结合雌激素、乙酰水杨酸、氟化物、咪康唑、曲安西龙、阿昔洛韦、拉莫三嗪和对乙酰氨基酚。
鉴于存在的一种或多种活性成分,本发明也涉及如在上文中描述的那样用作药物的亲水的控制释放制剂。
药学上可接受的配方剂
除活性成分、亲水的聚合物和预胶凝淀粉以外,本发明制剂也可任选包含药学上可接受的配方剂,以促进制剂的制备、可压性、外观和味觉。这些配方剂包括例如稀释剂或填充剂、助流剂、粘合剂、成粒剂、抗结块剂、润滑剂、矫味剂、染料和防腐剂。
填充剂可选自可溶性填充剂,例如,蔗糖、乳糖、海藻糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖醇、山梨醇、旋复花粉,并且可选自不溶性填充剂,例如,磷酸二钙或磷酸三钙、滑石粉。重要的填充剂为乳糖,特别是乳糖单水合物。能够使用不同级别的乳糖。优选用于本发明的一类乳糖为乳糖单水合物200目(DMV,Veghel,荷兰)。也能够优选使用另一种乳糖单水合物,DCL11型的乳糖单水合物(DMV,Veghel,荷兰)。符号DCL指的是“直接压制乳糖”。编号11为制造商的参考号数。这种类型乳糖的特征在于98%(w/w)的粒子具有小于250μm的直径,30%至60%(w/w)的粒子具有100μm的直径,且最多15%(w/w)的粒子具有小于45μm的直径。
填充剂的重量百分比在大约6%至大约54%(w/w)之间。
在另外可包含在基质制剂中的任选配方剂可被提及的有例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvidone)、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、明胶、海藻衍生物如藻酸、藻酸钠和藻酸钙、纤维素衍生物如乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素,它们具有有用的粘合和成粒性质,助流剂如胶态二氧化硅、淀粉或滑石粉,润滑剂如硬脂酸镁和/或棕榈酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、液体石蜡、十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基硫酸镁、防粘剂如滑石粉和玉米淀粉。
实施例
下非选择性实施例进一步描述了本发明范围内的优选实施例。在本发明的范围内这些实施例还可有许多变化。
测定试验方法
AAP值(相对于压力的吸收值)测定试验
该试验测量超吸湿材料相对于21.1g/cm(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm(1psi)之间外压的吸收能力,以超吸湿材料相对于该压力的单轴溶胀表示。对两种或多种类型的水凝胶型颗粒的吸湿凝胶材料混合物,观察Absorption AgainstPressure随混合物组分的百分含量改变的曲线,主要取决于压力条件。为准确地反映使用条件,测量AAP值的压力在21.1g/cm(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm(1psi)之间。AAP值反映吸湿材料的凝胶硬度。润湿时保持颗粒结构(即保持空隙)的吸湿颗粒将表现出良好的液体吸收作用而不塌陷成不渗透性胶块。AAP值低的水凝胶型材料将趋于形成对液体的渗透性相对低和在压力下塌陷的弱凝胶。
将直径120毫米的陶瓷过滤板和孔隙率为“Zero”(从Schott买到的陶瓷过滤Duran)放在直径150毫米、高30毫米的陪替氏培养皿(Petridsh)中。将在蒸馏水中的0.9%(重量)的氯化钠水溶液加入陪替氏培养皿以致过滤板被覆盖。将直径125毫米的圆形滤纸(从Schleicher and Schull买到的Schwarzband 589)放在滤板之上,并完全被氯化钠溶液润湿。
内径60+/-0.1毫米和高50毫米的耐热有机玻璃筒底部用孔径为36微米(400目)的筛滤布封住。将0.9000+/-0.0005克超吸湿材料小心地撒在干净且干燥的所述耐热有机玻璃筒的滤筛上。必须使超吸湿材料在筛上均匀分布。
一盖板的外径为59+/-0.1毫米、内径为51毫米和高为25毫米,并有直径为50毫米和高为34毫米的附加负载,盖板的重量与在21.1g/cm和70.3g/cm之间的范围的内的预定压力相对应,该压力通常预设定为49.2g/cm2(0.7psi)。盖板及负载放在筒中,整个筒设备在天平上称重,精确到0.01克。然后将整个筒设备放在陪替氏培养皿中的湿润的滤纸上,使其吸收1小时。然后将该设备从滤板上移出,再称重。
在测量之间筒设备和滤板应彻底清洗,每次测量后氯化钠溶液和滤纸应更换。
AAP值(相对于压力的吸收值)如下计算:
AAP值=[(吸收后筒设备的重量)-(干燥时筒设备的重量)]:(超吸湿材料的初始重量)。
TTC值(Teabag Cetrifuge Capacity)测定试验
Teabag Centrifuge Capacity试验测量Teabag Centrifuge Capacity值,它是对静压下凝胶材料中保留液体的测量。
将超吸湿材料放在“茶包”内,浸入0.9%(重量)的氯化钠溶液中20分钟,然后离心3分钟。保留液体的重量与干超吸湿材料的初始重量之比即为超吸湿材料的吸收能力。
将2升在蒸馏水中的0.9%(重量)的氯化钠溶液注入尺寸为24厘米×30厘米×5厘米的盘中。液体填充高度应为约3厘米。
茶包袋的尺寸为6.5厘米×6.5厘米,可以从Teekanne in Dusseldorf,Germany公司得到。该袋用标准的厨房用塑料袋密封装置(如从Krups,Germany买到的VACUPACK PLUS)热密封。
通过小心地部分切开而打开茶包,然后称重。将0.200+/-0.005克的超吸湿材料试样放入茶包中。然后用热密封器封住。称之为试样茶包。
密封一空茶包作为空白试验。
然后使每个茶包保持水平,振动试样茶包以使超吸湿材料均匀地分布在整个包中。然后将试样茶包和空白茶包放在食盐溶液的表面上,用一平勺使茶包浸没5秒钟以使其完全湿润(茶包将浮在食盐溶液表面但已完全湿润)。立即开始计时。
浸渍20分钟后,将试样茶包和空白茶包从食盐溶液中移出,而放入BauknechtWS130,Bosch 772NZK 096或等价的离心机(直径230毫米)中,以致每个包均粘附在离心机滚筒的外壁上。盖上离心机的盖,启动离心机,并将速度迅速增至1400转/分。离心机在1400转/分下稳定后,立即开始计时。3分钟后,关闭离心机。
取出试样茶包和空白茶包,分别称重。
如下计算水凝胶型超吸湿材料试样的Teabag Centrifuge Capacity(TCC值):
TCC值=[(离心后试样茶包的重量)-(离心后空白茶包的重量)-(干的成水凝胶超吸湿材料的重量)]÷(干超吸湿材料的重量)。
半质量颗粒尺寸的确定
通过将已知重量的试样放入Retsch机械筛分装置中,并在限定条件下振动一特定的时间周期,确定超吸湿材料的颗粒尺寸分布。称量保留在每个筛上的试样部分和底盘的重量,并记录为原试样重量的百分率。
将100+/-0.5克干的超吸湿聚合材料称量后加入试样架,然后用罩盖住试样架。
四个筛从下至上叠置如下:不锈钢底盘、第325号、第100号、第50号和第20号;这些为美国的筛号(ASTM-E-11-61)。将试样送至该系列筛的最顶片,将粉末均匀地分布在筛上。将不锈钢盖放在第20号筛之上。
将叠置的筛放在有计时器的Retsch testing sieve shaker VibotronicTypeVE1之上的适当位置。要确保Retsch盖尽可能和振动器的顶部紧密配合。将计时器设在10分钟,开始试验。当振动器已停止时,从振动器上移去套筛。
然后,例如通过不同的测量,称量每个筛所保留的筛分,精确到0.01克。
在此试验中迅速操作以避免超吸湿材料吸收水分是重要的。
给定水凝胶型吸湿聚合物颗粒试样的半质量颗粒尺寸定义为根据质量将试样分成一半的颗粒尺寸,即按重量计一半试样将有小于半质量尺寸的颗粒尺寸,一半试样将有大于半质量尺寸的颗粒尺寸。当50%质量值不对应于U.S.A.Standard Testing Sieve(美国标准试验筛)的尺寸开孔时,通常用标准的颗粒尺寸绘制方法(其中在坐标纸上绘制保留在给定筛尺寸开孔之上或通过给定筛尺寸开孔的颗粒试样的累积重量百分率与筛尺寸开孔的关系曲线)确定半质量颗粒尺寸。用于确定水凝胶型吸湿聚合物颗粒的颗粒尺寸的这些方法进一步描述在1991年10月29日授予Goldman等的美国专利5,061,259中,该文献引入供参考。
制剂释药性能(或聚合物组合物的崩解溶胀性能)的稳定性测定
分别测定在McIlvaine(离子强度为0.398)及Eurand(离子强度为0.076)缓冲液中特定时间下的崩解时限(TD)或溶出度(或释放度(至少9个(间隔适当的)时间点,在时间-释放度(二维)图中,连接这些时间点下的释放度能形成一条基本反映制剂释药状况全貌的释药曲线)(RD)(操作方法见中国药典附录中收载的相关方法),然后按下列公式计算在McIlvaine缓冲液中测定的结果相对于在Eurand缓冲液中测定的结果变化值(率),以该值反映制剂释药性能(或聚合物组合物的崩解溶胀性能)的稳定性(/变化情况):
崩解时限变化率(A)=(TDM/TDE-1)×100%,或
溶出度(或释放度)变化率(B)=(RDM/RDE-1)×100%,或
前后期释药速度变化率(C)=(TRD70~100%/TRD0~30%-1)×100%
其中,TDM、RDM分别代表在McIlvaine缓冲液中特定时间下的崩解时限(TD)、溶出度或释放度(RD),TDE、RDE分别代表在Eurand缓冲液中特定时间下的崩解时限(TD)、溶出度或释放度(RD),TRD0~30%、TRD70~100%分别代表(通过上述任一释药曲线确定的)前期释药从0至30%释放度时所需经历时间、后期释药从70至100%释放度时所需经历时间。
McIlvaine缓冲液(pH7.2)(100ml)(J.Biol.Chem.49,183(1921))由13.05ml枸橼酸溶液(0.1M)和86.95ml的Na2HPO4·2H2O溶液(0.2M)组成。该McIlvaine缓冲液具有比Eurand缓冲液更高的离子强度,其中溶出试验正常进行。在pH7.2下,McIlvaine缓冲液的离子强度为0.398。
Eurand缓冲液(pH7.2)(100ml)由19ml氢氧化钠溶液(0.2N)和0.087g的KH2PO4组成。用盐酸(1N)将溶液pH调至7.2且用水稀释至100ml.该Eurand缓冲液(pH7.2)的离子强度为0.076。
如果药物水溶性不好(非水溶性的),可在溶出液(即上述缓冲液)中加入适量表面活性剂如1~2(如1.5)%十二烷基硫酸钠增强药物溶出。
实施例1
配方(1000片):盐酸左氧氟沙星200g,微晶纤维素40g,交联羧甲基纤维素钠50g,聚丙烯酸钠10g,聚维酮(K30)10g,硬脂酸镁5g,微粉硅胶5g。
对照例1
实施例1中仅聚丙烯酸钠被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)交联羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸钠、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.5g/g、19.5g/g、0.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为5.6g/g、24.5g/g、0.7g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为180微米、125微米、125微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.7g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.0g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:32.7%,对照例:226%。
溶出度(20min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-38.2%,对照例:-243%。
实施例2
配方(1片):阿昔洛韦(200mg)40%,乳糖21.5%、微晶纤维素24%,羧甲基淀粉钠10%,聚羟基乙基丙烯酸钠2%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0.5%,硬脂酸镁1%和微粉硅胶1%。
对照例2
实施例2中仅聚羟基乙基丙烯酸钠被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲基淀粉钠、聚羟基乙基丙烯酸钠、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.6g/g、12.5g/g、1.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.7g/g、20.2g/g、2.6g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为212微米、150微米、150微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.5g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:41.5%,对照例:189%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-46.3%,对照例:-217%。
实施例3
配方(1000片):替米沙坦10.0g,淀粉52.0g,乳糖30.0g,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮内加16.0g外加4g,聚赖氨酸盐酸盐10.0g,微粉硅胶3.0g,硬脂酸镁1.0g。
对照例3
实施例3中仅聚赖氨酸盐酸盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.3g/g、16.2g/g、1.1g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.7g/g、21.4g/g、2.3g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为11.3g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.6g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:34.8%,对照例:255%。
溶出度(10min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-36.8%,对照例:-279%。
实施例4
配方(1000片)::盐酸维拉帕米40.0g,微晶纤维素120.0g,部分预胶化淀粉内加25.0g外加6g,脱乙酰壳多糖盐酸盐3g、微粉硅胶4.0g。
对照例4
实施例4中仅脱乙酰壳多糖盐酸盐被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)部分预胶化淀粉、脱乙酰壳多糖盐酸盐、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.8g/g、3.5g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.3g/g、5.8g/g、0.2g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:72.2%,对照例:231%。
溶出度(25min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-85.6%,对照例:-273%。
实施例5
配方(1000片):缬沙坦80.0g,淀粉170.0g,微晶纤维素110.0g,羟基乙酸淀粉钠内加35.0g外加10.0g,纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐20g,微粉硅胶8.0g。
对照例5
实施例5中仅纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羟基乙酸淀粉钠、纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为10.7g/g、15.3g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为14.5g/g、21.6g/g、0.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为16.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为4.6g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:43.6%,对照例:219%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-48.6%,对照例:-265%。
实施例6
配方(1片):盐酸莫西沙星436.8mg,微晶纤维素80.0mg,淀粉124.0mg,藻酸钙16mg,交联羧甲基纤维素钠16.0mg,淀粉接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐50mg,硬脂酸镁6.0mg。
对照例6
实施例6中仅淀粉接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)藻酸钙与交联羧甲基纤维素钠混合物、淀粉接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为5.8g/g、18.8g/g、1.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为7.5g/g、29.6g/g、2.6g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为22.5g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.6g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:44.2%,对照例:232%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-50.4%,对照例:-271%。
实施例7
配方(1000片):门冬酰胺(无水物)250.0g,淀粉14.8g,糊精20.0g,甲基纤维素13.3g,聚天冬氨酸钠盐1.1g,硬脂酸镁2.1g。
对照例7
实施例7中仅聚天冬氨酸钠盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)甲基纤维素、聚天冬氨酸钠盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.2g/g、13.5g/g、1.5g/g,三者的TCC值分别为2.6g/g、28.5g/g、2.8g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为6.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.1g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:84.7%,对照例:263%。
溶出度(10min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-90.2%,对照例:-285%。
实施例8
配方(1片):奥拉西坦(400mg)1份,淀粉0.5份,硬脂酸镁0.04份,十二烷基硫酸镁0.02份,羧甲基纤维素钙0.45份,聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐1.0份,10%聚维酮乙醇溶液1.0份。
对照例8
实施例8中仅聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲基纤维素钙、聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.8g/g、12.6g/g、2.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.7g/g、28.5g/g、3.5g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为13.5g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.8g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:54.3%,对照例:169%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-59.5%,对照例:-181%。
实施例9
配方(1片重量比):枸橼酸他莫昔芬(15.2mg)5.0%,海藻酸钠(内加)2.0%(外加)2.0%,聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物钠盐(内加)2.0%(外加)2.0%,微晶纤维素25%,乳糖60.2%,硬脂酸镁0.5%,十二烷基硫酸钠0.3%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.0%。
对照例9
实施例9中仅聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物钠盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物钠盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为4.8g/g、15.3g/g、2.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为7.9g/g、30.2g/g、4.8g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为16.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.1g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:58.6%,对照例:232%。
溶出度(5min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-67.2%,对照例:-254%。
实施例10
配方(1片重量比):益心酮15%(32mg,微粉化至300目以下),乳糖58%、微晶纤维素17%、羧甲基淀粉钠4%、聚精氨酸硫酸盐2%,硬脂酸镁1%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2%和十二烷基硫酸钠1%。
对照例10
实施例10中仅聚精氨酸硫酸盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲基淀粉钠、聚精氨酸硫酸盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为12.8g/g、19.3g/g、2.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为20.3g/g、30.7g/g、5.5g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为20.7g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为6.8g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:38.2%,对照例:134%。
溶出度(5min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-42.5%,对照例:-152%。
实施例11
配方(1片):雷沙吉兰0.5mg,甘露醇91mg,瓜尔豆胶6mg,聚精氨酸-谷氨酸(1:1)3mg,微粉硅胶2mg,硬脂酸镁0.5mg。
对照例11
实施例11中仅聚精氨酸-谷氨酸被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)瓜尔豆胶、聚精氨酸-谷氨酸、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.3g/g、16.7g/g、2.1g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.5g/g、28.4g/g、4.6g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.6g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:42.7%,对照例:163%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-48.5%,对照例:-185%。
实施例12
配方(800片):阿卡波糖80.0g,微晶纤维素18.0g,淀粉94.0g,羧甲淀粉钠6.3g,丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物钠盐1g,二氧化硅10.5g,硬脂酸镁1.05g。
对照例12
实施例12中仅丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物钠盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲淀粉钠、聚丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯聚合物钠盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.4g/g、28.7g/g、2.6g/g,三者的TCC值分别为6.2g/g、38.1g/g、5.3g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为21.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.3g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:41.5%,对照例:198%。
溶出度(10min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-48.5%,对照例:-213%。
实施例13
配方(1片重量比):奥氮平(10mg)5%,甘露醇45.1%,乳糖40.3%,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPP)5%,水解淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物2%,阿斯巴坦0.6%,香橙香精0.5%,硬脂酸镁1.5%。
对照例13
实施例13中仅水解淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物被等量的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮替换,其他(包括制法等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水解淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物二者的APP值分别为3.2g/g、20.5g/g,二者的TCC值分别为5.7g/g、33.1g/g,二者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为18.8g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:48.4%,对照例:282%。
溶出度(10min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-56.2%,对照例:-291%。
实施例14
配方(1片重量比):他达拉非(5mg)2.5%,甘露醇43.1%,乳糖24.5%,微晶纤维素10.3%,低取代羟丙纤维素13%,淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物钠盐4%,阿斯巴坦0.6%,香橙香精0.5%,硬脂酸镁1.5%。
对照例14
实施例14中仅淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物钠盐被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)低取代羟丙纤维素、淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物钠盐、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.7g/g、18.2g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.5g/g、24.4g/g、0.5g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.4g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:38.6%,对照例:211%。
溶出度(10min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-43.5%,对照例:-243%。
实施例15
配方(1片重量比):头孢特仑新戊酯(75mg)1份、淀粉0.90份、乳糖0.10份、微晶纤维素0.10份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.20份、皂化了的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物0.20份,硬脂酸镁0.01份。
对照例15
实施例15中仅皂化了的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲基纤维素钠、皂化了的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.3g/g、17.5g/g、2.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为5.9g/g、28.6g/g、5.3g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为18.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.2g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:46.3%,对照例:187%。
溶出度(15min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-51.2%,对照例:-194%。
实施例16
配方(1片重量比):盐酸班布特罗(10mg)8.6%、淀粉31.6%,乳糖38.7%、壳聚糖12.7%,聚乙烯亚胺甲磺酸盐5%,滑石粉2.8%、硬脂酸镁0.6%。
对照例16
实施例16中仅聚乙烯亚胺甲磺酸盐被(部分)预凝胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)壳聚糖、聚乙烯亚胺甲磺酸盐、预凝胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为4.8g/g、28.6g/g、2.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为7.2g/g、40.2g/g、5.1g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为16.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.7g/g。
崩解时限变化率(A)测定结果:实施例:43.5%,对照例:152%。
溶出度(5min)变化率(B)测定结果:实施例:-48.7%,对照例:-178%。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)实施例及对照例1~16为普通(非缓控)制剂,按常规普通制剂的制备方法(如原辅料研细,过筛,混合;制料,干燥,整料;加入润滑剂、助流剂(或外加崩解剂)等混匀,压片/装胶囊等;或研细,过筛,混匀后干粉直接压片/装胶囊)制备,没有特别要求。
缓释实施例DE
实施例DE1
配方(每片/胶囊):西沙必利-(L)-酒石酸盐52.92mg,乳糖单水合物(200目)274.83mg,羟丙基甲基纤维素(2208)34.2mg,羟丙基纤维素142.5mg,聚丙烯酸钠28.5mg,硬脂酸镁2.85mg,胶态无水二氧化硅5.7mg。
制法:在行星式混合器中,将活性成分、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、聚丙烯酸钠(或转鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉),且在使用乳糖单水合物200目情况下,乳糖填充剂混合,然后使用干燥压实机压实。将压实物破碎,筛分并在行星式混合器中与胶态无水二氧化硅混合,加入硬脂酸镁并混合。使用偏心压片机,将得到的共混物压片或等装填入空胶囊中。
对照例DE1
实施例DE1中仅聚丙烯酸钠被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羟丙基甲基纤维素与羟丙基纤维素的混合物(1∶4.17,重量比,以下比例同此)、聚丙烯酸钠、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为0.2g/g、19.3g/g、0.2g/g,三者的TCC值分别为0.6g/g、28.2g/g、0.7g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为180微米、125微米、125微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为5.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.2g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:38.4%,对照例:232%;8小时:实施例:40.3%,对照例:243%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:23.2%,对照例:82.5%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:27.8%,对照例:97.4%。
实施例DE2
配方(每片/胶囊):克拉霉素500mg,羟乙基纤维素170mg,聚谷氨酸钠60mg,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K30)18mg,硬脂酸镁10mg,滑石粉5mg,乳糖175mg,柠檬酸100mg。
制法:将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K30)溶解在乙醇溶液中,制备成醇溶液。将过50-80目筛的克拉霉素、羟乙基纤维素、聚谷氨酸钠、柠檬酸、乳糖置于高效混合造粒机中充分混合,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮醇溶液,制得软料。将上述的软料干燥后加入硬脂酸镁、滑石粉,得到混合粉。混合粉全部加入多向运动混合机。使用回转式锭剂机压片。
对照例DE2
实施例DE2中仅聚谷氨酸钠被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羟乙基纤维素、聚谷氨酸钠、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.6g/g、15.6g/g、1.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.2g/g、23.4g/g、3.9g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为212微米、150微米、150微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.6g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:45.7%,对照例:253%;8小时:实施例:51.6%,对照例:278%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:27.6%,对照例:95.4%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:34.5%,对照例:123%。
实施例DE3
配方(每1000片/胶囊):萘普生原料药250克,Eudragit(L100)75克,Eudragit(S100)50克,完全中和的聚卡波非(钠盐)20克,麦芽糊精200克,淀粉50克,滑石粉15克,硬脂酸镁2克。
制法:以上原、辅料分别过100目筛,混合均匀,加入粘合剂适量乙醇制粒,过20目筛;60度温度以下干燥;加滑石粉、硬脂酸镁压片。
对照例DE3
实施例DE3中仅中和的聚卡波非(钠盐)被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)Eudragit(L100)与Eudragit(S100)的混合物(1.5∶1)、完全中和的聚卡波非(钠盐)、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.1g/g、16.7g/g、2.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为2.5g/g、20.4g/g、3.2g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为212微米、150微米、150微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为9.3g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.4g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:42.8%,对照例:231%;8小时:实施例:47.4%,对照例:253%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:24.3%,对照例:92.3%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:31.3%,对照例:124%。
实施例DE4
配方(每1000片):咖啡因320g,聚乙酸乙烯酯与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮之比为8∶2的配制混合物260g,聚谷氨酰胺60g,硬脂酸镁3.2g。
制法:将各种粉状成份过800μm筛,在Turbula混合器中混合10分钟。将各个片剂(8mm,圆形、双平面,带有斜面边缘)在一旋转式压机(Korsch PH106)中以10kN的压力压制。
对照例DE4
实施例DE4中仅聚谷氨酰胺被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)聚乙酸乙烯酯与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮之比为8∶2的配制混合物、聚谷氨酰胺、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为0.8g/g、5.5g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为1.4g/g、11.4g/g、0.5g/g,半质量颗粒尺寸为180微米、125微米、125微米,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.4g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:34.7%,对照例:217%;8小时:实施例:37.2%,对照例:231%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:28.7%,对照例:87.6%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:35.8%,对照例:99.6%。
实施例DE5
配方(每片):琥珀酸美托洛尔47.5mg,乳糖45mg,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(9∶1)170mg,海藻酸钙60mg,HPMC(100厘泊)35mg,硬脂酸镁3mg。
制法:将琥珀酸美托洛尔、各辅料分别过100目筛。分别称取处方量的琥珀酸美托洛尔、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、海藻酸钙、羟丙甲纤维素(粘度:100厘泊)和乳糖混匀,加入50%乙醇水溶液制软材,经20目制粒,55度干燥,20目整粒。干颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁混匀,压片。
对照例DE5
实施例DE5中仅海藻酸钙被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(9∶1)、海藻酸钙、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.4g/g、3.1g/g、0.2g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.8g/g、5.1g/g、0.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.7g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.2g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:78.3%,对照例:232%;8小时:实施例:84.6%,对照例:247%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:43.4%,对照例:102%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:50.2%,对照例:128%。
实施例DE6
配方(每片):氨茶碱75mg、羧甲基淀粉钠180mg、聚丙烯胺盐酸盐50mg、聚乙二醇(1500)40mg及及填充剂微晶纤维素80mg。
制法:按照上述配方量的比例将氨茶碱与聚乙二醇及羧甲基淀粉钠、聚丙烯胺盐酸盐及填充剂微晶纤维素混合并搅拌均匀;加入适量的水液,用挤出滚圆机制成直径约1.0mm的微丸并烘干,装入胶囊。
对照例DE6
实施例DE6中仅聚丙烯胺盐酸盐被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羧甲基淀粉钠、聚丙烯胺盐酸盐、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.6g/g、12.8g/g、2.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.3g/g、18.4g/g、3.7g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为9.7g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.2g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:46.2%,对照例:201%;8小时:实施例:49.7%,对照例:221%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:33.8%,对照例:94.5%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:38.5%,对照例:114%。
实施例DE7
配方(每袋):甲氧那明40mg,羟丁基纤维素65mg,多聚果糖38mg,丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯聚合物钠盐65mg,微晶纤维素65mg,羧甲基纤维素钠14mg、桔子香精1mg,阿斯巴甜1mg.
制法:将甲氧那明和缓释辅料羟丁基纤维素、多聚果糖、丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯聚合物钠盐和填充剂微晶纤维素(2/3量)并加入适量的溶剂制成颗粒,加入助悬成份微晶纤维素(1/3量)和羧甲基纤维素钠、矫味成份桔子香精和阿斯巴甜,搅拌均匀。装入袋中,服用前加入水中适当搅拌。
对照例DE7
实施例DE7中仅丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯聚合物钠盐被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)羟丁基纤维素与多聚果糖混合物(重量比1.71∶1)、丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯聚合物钠盐、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.2g/g、23.5g/g、2.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为5.6g/g、27.2g/g、4.3g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为25.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.7g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:41.3%,对照例:224%;8小时:实施例:46.3%,对照例:235%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:35.3%,对照例:114%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:39.6%,对照例:121%。
实施例DE8
配方(每1000片)及制法:取富马酸喹硫平(以喹硫平计)200g粉碎,过100目筛,与60g改性(全)预胶化淀粉,20g纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐,混匀,以9g10%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K-30为粘合剂制软材;过18目筛制粒,干燥,用18目筛整粒,加入3g硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片。
对照例DE8
实施例DE8中仅纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)改性(全)预胶化淀粉、纤维素接枝丙烯酸聚合物钠盐、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为0.2g/g、18.2g/g、2.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为0.3g/g、27.3g/g、4.1g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为12.3g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.0g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:34.7%,对照例:186%;8小时:实施例:42.4%,对照例:203%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:31.3%,对照例:91.2%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:34.4%,对照例:102%。
实施例DE9
配方(每片/胶囊):盐酸普罗帕酮225毫克,甲基纤维素110毫克,(部分)预胶化淀粉50mg,微晶纤维素5mg,乳糖5mg,硬脂酸镁2mg。
制法:按照处方量称取各辅料,将原料盐酸普罗帕酮及辅料分别通过100筛、80目筛备用;辅料混合均匀后与盐酸普罗帕酮以等量递增法混合均;加入适量润湿剂(50%乙醇)混匀后,以14目筛造粒,并于60℃烤箱中烘烤至干燥;收取颗粒,加入润滑剂,压片或装胶囊。
对照例DE9
实施例DE9中仅(部分)预胶化淀粉被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)甲基纤维素、(部分)预胶化淀粉、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为0.4g/g、3.2g/g、0.2g/g,三者的TCC值分别为0.6g/g、4.6g/g、0.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.3g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:75.3%,对照例:234%;8小时:实施例:77.3%,对照例:241%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:46.8%,对照例:125%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:53.6%,对照例:137%。
实施例DE10
配方(每缓释膜片):卡波姆(940P)2.3%,(部分中和)壳多糖1%,羟丙基甲基纤维素(100厘泊)4.5%,聚乙二醇(4000)0.2%,甘油3.0%,N5-(3’-羟基-4’-甲氧基-苯基亚甲基)石杉碱甲4.0%,其余为水(最后挥去)。
制法:取卡波姆及羟丙基甲基纤维素撒入适量50℃蒸馏水中,缓慢搅拌,静置16h使卡波姆及羟丙基甲基纤维素、(部分中和)壳多糖充分溶胀。依次加入聚乙二醇4000,甘油,N5-(3’-羟基-4’-甲氧基-苯基亚甲基)石杉碱甲混合,搅拌均匀,滴加三乙醇胺调节pH至6~8,研磨至凝胶均匀无明显凝块,加水、离心、除气泡、铺膜、干燥,裁剪,紫外线下消毒30min,包装。
对照例DE10
实施例DE10中仅(部分中和)壳多糖被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)卡波姆(940P)、(部分中和)壳多糖、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为1.8g/g、3.1g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为2.4g/g、4.3g/g、0.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.6g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.1g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:44.3%,对照例:253%;8小时:实施例:48.2%,对照例:272%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:26.4%,对照例:142%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:32.4%,对照例:153%。
实施例DE11
配方(每片):天麻素(100mg)15%,微晶纤维素15%,角叉菜聚糖40%,聚盐酸精氨酸5%,乳糖15%,羟丙甲基纤维素(100厘泊)9%,硬脂酸镁1%。
制法:将主药与角叉菜聚糖、聚盐酸精氨酸、羟丙甲基纤维素、乳糖、微晶纤维素,用65%乙醇液制粒,烘干,整粒,加硬脂酸镁压片。
对照例DE11
实施例DE11中仅聚盐酸精氨酸被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)角叉菜聚糖、聚盐酸精氨酸、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.8g/g、23.5g/g、3.6g/g,三者的TCC值分别为6.3g/g、32.2g/g、5.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.6g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:36.2%,对照例:211%;8小时:实施例:40.4%,对照例:231%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:29.6%,对照例:132%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:34.1%,对照例:156%。
实施例DE12
配方(每1000片):普萘洛尔150g,卡波普(934)150g,聚混合赖氨酸-天冬氨酸(3:1)30g,微晶纤维素50g,碳酸钠50g,微粉硅胶5g。
制法:将普萘洛尔、乳糖、卡波普、聚混合赖氨酸-天冬氨酸、微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶按等量递增法混匀后压片。
对照例DE12
实施例DE12中仅聚混合赖氨酸-天冬氨酸(3:1)被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)卡波普(934)、聚混合赖氨酸-天冬氨酸(3:1)、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.5g/g、20.2g/g、2.9g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.3g/g、27.2g/g、4.7g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.6g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:32.7%,对照例:202%;8小时:实施例:37.5%,对照例:214%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:23.8%,对照例:102%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:26.8%,对照例:116%。
实施例DE13:
配方(每1000片):槲皮素120g,十二烷基硫酸钠15g,甲壳胺45g,聚甲基丙烯酸钠5g,泊洛沙姆(F68)30g,乳糖85g,微粉硅胶2g,硬脂酸镁3g。
制法:将原料药、辅料分别过100目筛,混匀后压片。
对照例DE13
实施例DE13中仅聚甲基丙烯酸钠被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)甲壳胺、聚甲基丙烯酸钠、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为3.5g/g、24.8g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为5.8g/g、32.7g/g、0.7g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.7g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.9g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:48.4%,对照例:233%;8小时:实施例:54.7%,对照例:241%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:35.3%,对照例:115%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:39.2%,对照例:132%。
实施例DE14
配方(每1000片):美多他辛250g,半乳甘露聚糖200g,丙二醇海藻酸钠20g,腐植酸(中和度20%)100g,乳糖50g,微粉硅胶5g。
制法:将美多他辛、半乳甘露聚糖、丙二醇海藻酸钠、腐植酸(中和度20%)、乳糖按等量递增法混匀,加适量润湿剂80%乙醇溶液制备软材,过18目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,加入微粉硅胶,混合均匀,压片。
对照例DE14
实施例DE14中仅腐植酸(中和度20%)被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)半乳甘露聚糖与丙二醇海藻酸钠的混合物(10∶1)、腐植酸(中和度20%)、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为2.1g/g、2.8g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.8g/g、4.7g/g、0.8g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.3g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:34.7%,对照例:241%;8小时:实施例:42.2%,对照例:253%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:32.1%,对照例:108%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:39.3%,对照例:116%。
实施例DE15
配方(每1000片):二氯苯胺苯乙酸200g,聚丙烯酸树脂(II)150g,聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐50g,微晶纤维素50g,乳糖50g,微粉硅胶5g。
制法:将二氯苯胺苯乙酸、乳糖、聚丙烯酸树脂(II)、聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐、微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶按等量递增法混匀,压片。
对照例DE15
实施例DE15中仅聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)聚丙烯酸树脂(II)、聚乙烯聚胺盐酸盐、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为1.7g/g、32.2g/g、2.8g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.8g/g、37.2g/g、4.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为15.6g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为1.8g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:37.2%,对照例:216%;8小时:实施例:41.5%,对照例:232%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:42.2%,对照例:153%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:49.3%,对照例:167%。
实施例DE16
配方(每1000片):马来酸曲美布汀300.0g,结冷胶50.0g,部分中和(50%)的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物50.0g,8%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮乙醇溶液40.0ml(乙醇挥去),硬脂酸镁1.0g。
制法:将结冷胶、部分中和(50%)的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、马来酸曲美布汀按等量递增法混匀,加8%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮乙醇溶液制备软材,过18目筛制粒,干燥,整粒,加入硬脂酸镁,混合均匀,压片。
对照例DE16
实施例DE16中仅部分中和(50%)的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)结冷胶、部分中和(50%)的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为2.5g/g、17.3g/g、3.1g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.6g/g、28.4g/g、5.8g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为20.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.1g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:33.7%,对照例:184%;8小时:实施例:40.2%,对照例:192%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:31.4%,对照例:135%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:36.2%,对照例:145%。
实施例DE17:
配方(每1000片):美托拉宗10g,聚氧乙烯(分子量40万及80万,重量比1∶2)100g,部分中和(70%)的聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物35g,微晶纤维素85g,硬脂酸镁5g,90%乙醇适量(挥去)。
制法:将原、辅料分别粉碎后过100目筛备用;将美托拉宗与聚氧乙烯、部分中和(70%)的聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物、微晶纤维素过100目筛混合均匀,用适量90%乙醇制软材,20目筛制粒,湿颗粒60±5℃干燥,20目筛整粒;加入硬脂酸镁,混匀,装胶囊即得。
对照例DE17
实施例DE17中仅部分中和(50%)的淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)聚氧乙烯(分子量40万及80万,重量比1∶2)、部分中和(70%)的聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸嵌段共聚物、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为4.3g/g、23.7g/g、3.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为6.7g/g、30.2g/g、5.6g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为15.5g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为4.0g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:39.3%,对照例:178%;8小时:实施例:46.5%,对照例:196%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:35.8%,对照例:112%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:42.5%,对照例:127%。
实施例DE18:
配方(每1000片):心得安100g,海藻酸钠90g,部分中和(90%)的聚羟基甲基丙烯胺10g,乳糖50g,微晶纤维素45g,硬脂酸镁5g,90%乙醇适量(挥去)。
制备方法:将原、辅料分别粉碎后过100目筛备用;称取处方量的心得安与海藻酸钠、微晶纤维素及乳糖,过100目筛混合均匀,用适量90%乙醇制软材,20目筛制粒,湿颗粒60±5℃干燥,20目筛整粒;加入硬脂酸镁,混匀,装胶囊即得。
对照例DE18
实施例DE18中仅部分中和(90%)的聚羟基甲基丙烯胺被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)海藻酸钠、部分中和(90%)的聚羟基甲基丙烯胺、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为3.8g/g、16.6g/g、3.1g/g,三者的TCC值分别为6.3g/g、24.6g/g、5.2g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.2g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:42.6%,对照例:214%;8小时:实施例:48.3%,对照例:235%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:37.2%,对照例:131%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:45.8%,对照例:143%。
实施例DE19
配方(每1000片):盐酸哌罗匹隆8g,糖原-藻酸钙(糖原-氯化钙-藻酸盐)结合物90g,聚天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺(1∶2)30g,乳糖50g,微晶纤维素45g,硬脂酸镁5g,水适量(挥去)。
制法:将处方中原、辅料分别粉碎后过100目筛混合均匀,用适量水制软材,20目筛制粒,湿颗粒60±5℃干燥,20目筛整粒;加入硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)糖原-藻酸钙(糖原-氯化钙-藻酸盐)结合物中糖原-藻酸钙质量比为80/20(参见CN101909608B)
糖原:Polglumyt,根据EP 654,048中所述的操作制备的糖原,包括低于60ppm的氮和低于0.25重量%的还原糖。
藻酸盐:得自褐藻的藻酸钠,2%溶液的在25℃的粘度为大约250cPs。生产商Sigma-Aldrich。生产商的代码为SIGMA A2158。
对照例DE19
实施例DE19中仅聚天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺(1∶2)被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)糖原-藻酸钙(糖原-氯化钙-藻酸盐)结合物、聚天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺(1∶2)、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为4.3g/g、12.5g/g、2.6g/g,三者的TCC值分别为6.6g/g、17.3g/g、4.8g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.3g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.9g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:28.6%,对照例:179%;8小时:实施例:35.2%,对照例:175%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:33.4%,对照例:124%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:41.3%,对照例:138%。
实施例DE20
配方(每片):盐酸曲司氯氨40mg,缓释基质258mg,完全中和的聚乙烯亚胺20mg,硬脂酸2mg。
制法:1)制备缓释基质:将所需的黄原胶(50%重量比)、硫酸钙(35%重量比)、PEG2000(15%重量比)置水中(水的比例为缓释基质总量的2~4倍),搅拌,使其充分溶解,作为缓释基质溶液,于喷雾干燥器中进行喷雾干燥制备微粒,喷雾干燥进口温度为90℃,出口温度为80℃,进料速率为6ml/min,雾化器压力为75kpa,于旋风分离器中收集微粒,得微粒;
2)制备好的缓释基质,与所需量的药物、完全中和的聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,再加入硬脂酸镁,搅拌混合均匀,压片。
对照例DE20
实施例DE20中仅完全中和的聚乙烯亚胺被(部分)预胶化淀粉替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)缓释基质、完全中和的聚乙烯亚胺、(部分)预胶化淀粉三者的APP值分别为4.7g/g、15.7g/g、2.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为7.2g/g、21.5g/g、4.5g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为7.1g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为3.2g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:35.4%,对照例:183%;8小时:实施例:41.7%,对照例:192%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:39.2%,对照例:117%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:46.5%,对照例:135%。
实施例DE21:
配方(每1000片):罗红霉素150g,Pluronic(F127)120g,(水解)淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物45g,乳糖50g,微晶纤维素45g,硬脂酸镁5g,90%乙醇适量(挥去)。
制备方法:将原、辅料分别粉碎后过100目筛备用;称取处方量的罗红霉素与Pluronic、(水解)淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、微晶纤维素及乳糖,过100目筛混合均匀,用适量90%乙醇制软材,20目筛制粒,湿颗粒60±5℃干燥,20目筛整粒;加入硬脂酸镁,混匀,装胶囊即得。
对照例DE21
实施例DE21中仅(水解)淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)Pluronic(F127)、(水解)淀粉-丙烯腈接枝共聚物、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为1.5g/g、21.4g/g、0.3g/g,三者的TCC值分别为3.7g/g、28.5g/g、0.4g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为10.8g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.9g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:28.3%,对照例:232%;8小时:实施例:29.2%,对照例:245%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:32.7%,对照例:143%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:37.5%,对照例:152%。
实施例DE22
配方(每片):尼卡地平(60mg)8.6%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K90)14.1%,部分中和的聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物37.8%,羟丙基甲基纤维素(100厘泊)8%,微晶纤维素31%,硬脂酸镁0.5%。
制法:加入尼卡地平、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、部分中和的聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物、羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片。
对照例DE22-1、2
实施例DE22中仅部分中和的聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物被交联羧甲基纤维素钠(DE22-1)或鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)DE22-2替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、部分中和的聚丙烯酸的微网状交联的聚合物、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)四者的APP值分别为2.7g/g、32.9g/g、2.3g/g、0.4g/g,四者的TCC值分别为4.5g/g、44.8g/g、3.8g/g、0.6g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为35.4g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为2.4g/g,第1、4者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.9g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:21.2%,对照例(DE22-1):178%,对照例(DE22-2):243%;8小时:实施例:24.4%,对照例(DE22-1):165%,对照例(DE22-2):223%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:32.7%,对照例:143%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:37.5%,对照例:152%。
实施例DE23
配方(每片):甲磺酸双氢麦角胺3mg,果胶25mg,聚天冬酰胺50mg,羟丙基甲基纤维素(12~18mpa·s)12mg,山梨醇29.5mg,硬脂酸镁0.5mg。
制法:将甲磺酸双氢麦角胺、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁混匀,压片。
对照例DE23
实施例DE23中仅聚天冬酰胺被鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)替换,其他(包括制法、用量等)不变。
说明:(上述实施例或对照例中的)果胶、聚天冬酰胺、鼓式干燥蜡状玉米淀粉(全预胶化)三者的APP值分别为2.4g/g、17.6g/g、0.4g/g,三者的TCC值分别为4.5g/g、24.4g/g、0.6g/g,第1、2者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为19.2g/g,第1、3者混合物(二者间重量比与实施例或对照例相同)的AAP值为0.9g/g。
释放度变化率测定(B)结果:4小时:实施例:37.6%,对照例:227%;8小时:实施例:43.5%,对照例:242%。
前后期释药速度变化率(C)测定结果:McIlvaine缓冲液:实施例:37.5%,对照例:246%;
Eurand缓冲液:实施例:45.5%,对照例:257%。
Claims (10)
1.一种(特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)崩解(或溶胀)性能(的稳定性)改善的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物,该组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值(即Absorption Against Pressure值,或称承压膨胀(溶胀)值,该值反映聚合物抵抗压力下的崩解溶胀能力,下同)比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性(包括通常意义上的“略溶”、“微溶”、“几乎不溶”或“完全不溶”等意思,以下“非水溶性”含义均同此)的亲水聚合物Ⅱ。
2.一种((特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)崩解(或溶胀)性能(的稳定性)(或释药性能(的稳定性))改善的)(特别是,亲水缓(/控)释制剂)制剂,该制剂包括一种(或多种)药物、一种水凝胶型聚合物的组合物(及任选药学上可接受的配方剂),该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性的亲水聚合物Ⅱ。
3.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP1,所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP2,二者混合物的相对于一压力的吸收值为AAP1,2,AAP1,2/(w·AAP1+p·AAP2)>1(更佳地≥1.25),其中,w为所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)占所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的百分率,p为所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)占所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的百分率,且p+w=1,所述相对于压力的吸收值AAP是在21.1g/cm2(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm2(1psi)之间、优选在35.2g/cm2(0.5psi)和56.2g/cm2(0.8psi)之间的压力下测量的,所述吸收值AAP的测定是在同一条件(压力)下进行的。
4.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)的TCC值高于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的TCC值,二者的混合物的AAP值高于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)和所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)中任一个的AAP值,其中所述相对于压力的吸收值是在21.1g/cm2(0.3psi)和70.3g/cm2(1psi)之间、优选在35.2g/cm2(0.5psi)和56.2g/cm2(0.8psi)之间的压力下测量的,所述吸收值AAP的测定是在同一条件(压力)下进行的。
5.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ(颗粒)的重量占所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ和所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ(颗粒)总重量的至少10%。
6.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸基本上不小于所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸。
7.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸在10微米和250微米之间,所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ颗粒的半质量颗粒尺寸在20微米和400微米之间。
8.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅰ选自多糖类、纤维素类衍生物(缓(/控)释)材料:
-烷基纤维素,例如甲基纤维素;
-羟烷基纤维素,例如羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙纤维素(包括低取代羟丙纤维素)和羟丁基纤维素;
-羟烷基烷基纤维素,例如羟乙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素,例如羧甲基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素的碱金属盐、交联的羧烷基纤维素的碱金属盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠;
-羧烷基烷基纤维素,例如羧甲基乙基纤维素;
-羧烷基纤维素酯;
-其它的天然的、半合成的或合成的多糖,例如藻酸及其碱金属盐和铵盐、角叉菜聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、黄蓍胶、琼脂、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、果胶、结冷胶、羧甲基淀粉钠或丙烯酸支(枝)接淀粉钠、甲壳质衍生物例如脱乙酰壳多糖、多聚果糖、旋复花粉;
丙烯酸树脂类(缓(/控)释)材料:
-聚丙烯酸和它们的盐;
-聚甲基丙烯酸和它们的盐、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物;
聚乙烯类(缓(/控)释)材料:
-聚乙烯醇;聚乙酸乙烯酯;聚羧乙烯(卡波普);聚氧乙烯;
-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物;
-聚乙烯醇与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的组合物;
-聚环氧烷类例如聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物,如泊洛沙姆(F127);
优选的亲水聚合物为多糖,更特别为纤维素衍生物且最特别为纤维素醚衍生物;
最优选的纤维素醚衍生物为羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。
9.根据权利要求1或2的水凝胶型聚合物的组合物或制剂,其特征在于所述亲水聚合物Ⅱ选自(分子结构中)含有多种阴离子官能团,如磺酸基,和更典型地如羧基的聚合物,适用于此的聚合物的例子包括从可聚合的、不饱和的、含酸单体制备的那些聚合物,(这种单体包括含至少一个碳-碳烯属双键的烯属不饱和酸和酐,更具体地,这些单体可选自烯属不饱和羧酸和酸酐、烯属不饱和磺酸及其混合物)。
10.一种水凝胶型聚合物的组合物的用途,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物包含一种(或多种)亲水聚合物Ⅰ及AAP值比亲水聚合物Ⅰ高(含)1.25倍(较佳地,该AAP值还比鼓式干燥蜡状(质)玉米淀粉高(含)1.25倍)的一种(或多种)非水溶性的亲水聚合物Ⅱ,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物用于改善包含一种(或多种)药物和上述水凝胶型聚合物的组合物的(特别是,亲水缓(/控)释制剂)制剂(特别是,在变化的离子强度或在较高盐度的释放介质中)的释药性能(的稳定性)的用途,或者说,该水凝胶型聚合物的组合物用于抵消释放介质的离子强度(盐度)对药物从该制剂中释放(特别是缓(/控)释释放)的损害作用的用途,特别是,用于防止在禁食以及在进食条件下,沿着整个胃肠道的来自该制剂的药物剂量倾泄或药物剂量基本不释放的用途)。
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CN113101406B (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-06-21 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种淀粉组合物及其在制备止血材料中的应用 |
CN116236451A (zh) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-06-09 | 淄博市中心医院 | 一种阿卡波糖片、制备方法及用途 |
CN116236451B (zh) * | 2023-04-18 | 2024-04-19 | 淄博市中心医院 | 一种阿卡波糖片、制备方法及用途 |
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