CN107902947A - A kind of concrete foamer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of concrete foamer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107902947A CN107902947A CN201710957881.XA CN201710957881A CN107902947A CN 107902947 A CN107902947 A CN 107902947A CN 201710957881 A CN201710957881 A CN 201710957881A CN 107902947 A CN107902947 A CN 107902947A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/42—Pore formers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including at least following component：5 30 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 5 15 parts of sulfovinate, 48 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 5 15 parts of auxiliary agent, 10 30 parts of foam stabilizer, 100 parts of water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to concrete-containing building material field, more particularly to a kind of concrete foamer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Foam concrete is also referred to as foamed concrete.Outstanding feature is that crafters is formed in concrete the most for it, is made
Concrete light and insulation, insulation.
Foaming agent is made by foam using the method for machinery, then again uniformly stirs the foam prepared and concrete slurry
Mix, that is, foam concrete mixture is made." stirring " causes the hard particles of these materials slit to be attached to around foam, foam
Bubble is reformed into as separated from each other single isolated bubbles.The supporter of bubble is made of the particulate and water of foam slurry.Foam mixes
The different of rustic hole shape and air entrained concrete is coagulated, is not single sphere, it will be deformed under capillarity
Form polyhedron.Broad pore distribution in mixture must it is more uniform, size is smaller, then foam concrete intensity is higher.Stop the phase quiet
Between, it is porous that mixture is gradually thickened to condensation.Under steam-cured or natural curing, hydration reaction occurs for these materials, generates aquation
Silicate and hydrated aluminium silicates gum material or other gum materials, make it gradually become with some strength and other things
Manage the porous artificial stone material of mechanical property.
Foam is the aggregation of multiple bubble compositions.Bubble is not equal to foam, but foam is made of bubble.Theoretically
Say, foam refers to that gas disperses dispersion in a liquid, and gas is dispersed phase, and liquid is decentralized medium.The formation of foam
It is to be initially formed single isolated bubbles, then stable single isolated bubbles form foam.Foam has two kinds of state of aggregations, and one kind is gas with small
Ball-type be dispersed in relatively vigorous thick liquid, the interaction force between bubble is weaker, and this foam is referred to as dilute bubble, due to
Appearance is similar to emulsion, and usually just this dilute bubble is referred to as creamy head.Another kind is referred to as dense bubble.The foam of dense bubble is intensive
, only separated between bubble by one layer of very thin liquid film, form multiaspect bubble coalescence body.Dense bubble is only real foam.
Foam characteristic can largely influence the mobility and hardening characteristics of slurry, and a large amount of envelopes are formed after slurry hardening
Close aperture.Shape, porosity and the pore-size distribution of pore structure are three most important factors for influencing foam concrete performance.Phase
With under porosity profiles, average pore size is smaller, and foam concrete intensity is higher.Aperture often increases 1mm, its intensity will decline
15%-20%.So the foam for foam concrete should possess toughness, uniformity, dispersiveness, small-bore property and stabilization
Property.But foam has very big surface free energy, foam spontaneous breaking can reduce the total surface area of system, reduce surface energy.
Foaming capacity and foam stability be weigh two most important factors of foaming agent, foam stability to foaming agent and
It is particularly important that speech, it determines the service life of foam.Foam applications are different, and foaming agent is also different to its performance requirement, foam
Concrete foamer needs gas release to enrich, and foam stability is good, and cementitious material slurry compatibility is good, and hardening nothing is condensed to paddle body
Side effect.
The general surfactant excellent using foam performance is as foaming agent, according to the ionic nature of surfactant,
Cationic foaming agent price is very high and has a certain impact to strength of cement, so application is few；Nonionic lather agent is foamed
Multiple is typically small；Though the foaming of amphion foaming agent is fine, since cost is at a relatively high, application is also few.
The content of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of concrete foamer, in parts by weight,
Including at least following component：5-30 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 5-15 parts of sulfovinate, cocamidopropyl propyl amide sweet tea
4-8 parts of dish alkali, 5-15 parts of auxiliary agent, 10-30 parts of foam stabilizer, 100 parts of water.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate in sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt at least
It is a kind of.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfuric acid
In salt, myristyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, Brij-721 sulfate
It is at least one.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfuric acid
In sodium, myristyl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, Brij-721 sodium sulphate
It is at least one.
In some embodiments, the sulfovinate is the mixed of lauryl sulfate and 2- ethylhexylsulphates
Compound.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl sulfate and 2- ethylhexylsulphates is 1：2.
In some embodiments, the sulfovinate is the mixed of lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
Compound.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary agent in triethanolamine, diethanol monoisopropanolamine, sodium chloride at least
It is a kind of.
In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer be selected from cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, silicones polyethers lotion,
At least one of polyquaternium -7, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of concrete foamer as described above, by each component in room
The lower stirring 10-30min of temperature, to obtain the final product.
Embodiment
Participate in the election of the detailed description of the invention below for being preferable to carry out method and including embodiment this hair can be more easily understood
Bright content.Unless otherwise defined, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology have common with fields of the present invention
The normally understood identical implication of technical staff.When there is a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.
As used herein term " by ... prepare " it is synonymous with "comprising".Term "comprising" used herein, " comprising ",
" having ", " containing " or its any other deformation, it is intended that cover including for non-exclusionism.For example, the combination comprising listed elements
Thing, step, method, product or device are not necessarily limited to those key elements, but can include not expressly listed other key elements or
Such a composition, step, method, product or the intrinsic key element of device.
Conjunction " Consists of " excludes any key element do not pointed out, step or component.If be used in claim, this
Phrase will make claim be closed, it is not included the material in addition to the material of those descriptions, but relative normal
Except rule impurity.When being rather than immediately following in the clause that phrase " Consists of " appears in claim main body after theme,
It is only limited to the key element described in the clause；Other key elements are not excluded outside the claim as a whole.
Equivalent, concentration or other values or parameter are excellent with scope, preferred scope or a series of upper limit preferred values and lower limit
During the Range Representation that choosing value limits, this, which is appreciated that, specifically discloses by any range limit or preferred value and any scope
All scopes that any pairing of lower limit or preferred value is formed, regardless of whether the scope separately discloses.For example, when open
During scope " 1 to 5 ", described scope should be interpreted as including scope " 1 to 4 ", " 1 to 3 ", " 1 to 2 ", " 1 to 2 and 4 to
5 ", " 1 to 3 and 5 " etc..When number range is described herein, unless otherwise stated, otherwise the scope is intended to include its end
Value and all integers and fraction within the range.
Singulative includes plural number and object is discussed, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise." optional " or it is " any
It is a kind of " refer to that the item that describes thereafter or event may or may not occur, and the description include situation that event occurs and
The situation that event does not occur.
Approximate term in specification and claims is used for modifying quantity, represents specific the present invention is not limited to this
Quantity, further includes the modified part of the acceptable change without cause related basic function close to the quantity.Phase
Answer, modify a numerical value with " about ", " about " etc., mean that the invention is not restricted to the exact numerical.It is approximate in some examples
Term likely corresponds to the precision of the instrument of measured value.In present specification and claims, scope limits can be with
Combine and/or exchange, these scopes include all subranges contained therebetween if not stated otherwise.
In addition, indefinite article " one kind " before key element of the present invention or component and "one" quantitative requirement to key element or component
(i.e. occurrence number) unrestriction.Therefore "one" or " one kind " should be read as including one or at least one, and odd number
The key element or component of form also include plural form, unless the obvious purport of the quantity refers to singulative.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including at least following component：Fat
5-30 parts of alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 5-15 parts of sulfovinate, 4-8 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 5-15 parts of auxiliary agent,
10-30 parts of foam stabilizer, 100 parts of water.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate in sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt at least
It is a kind of.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfuric acid
In salt, myristyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, Brij-721 sulfate
It is at least one.
In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfuric acid
In sodium, myristyl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, Brij-721 sodium sulphate
It is at least one.
Surfactant molecule has amphiphilic structure by what hydrophilic radical (" head ") and hydrophobic grouping (" tail ") were formed
Compound.After surfactant is dissolved in water, according to polarity similar compatibility principle, hydrophilic radical (" head ") tends to stay in water
In, and nonpolar hydrophobic grouping (" tail ") tends to stick up the water surface.Each surfactant molecule has this tendency, must
Most surfactant molecules are so caused to tend to be distributed on interface, and fitly orientations, form adsorption layer.
Liquid is stirred, gas is typically entrapped within liquid, and gas just forms adsorbed film of water after being come into full contact with water on its surface
The bubble of parcel.Bubble density is small, rises to liquid surface.Liquid surface also has one layer of surfactant aligned, then
The bubble that secondary parcel rises.Last bubble overcomes surface tension, emerges.
Had differences in terms of bubble stability, foam is Unstable Systems thermodynamically, is scattered in liquid as gas
In system, it has a free energy more taller than the sum of air and liquid free energy, thus foam can with time spontaneous breaking,
To reduce total free energy of the system.The main reason for causing foam to destroy is the diffusion of gas in foams drain and foam.
In some embodiments, the sulfovinate is the mixed of lauryl sulfate and 2- ethylhexylsulphates
Compound.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the lauryl sulfate and 2- ethylhexylsulphates is 1：2.
In some embodiments, the sulfovinate is the mixed of lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
Compound.
Complete the research process of the present invention, inventor find lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate with
Weight ratio is 1：During 2 mixture compounding, it can make foaming agent that there is preferable foam performance.Inventor's supposition, possible original
Because being that sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate has side chain, its two branched structure that one is long and the other is short is relative to straight chain compound, Van der Waals force
It is slightly weak, but branched structure reduces surface tension to a certain degree at the same time, and lauryl sodium sulfate has linear chain structure, weight
Than 1：When 2, it can play while strengthen intermolecular force, and reduce the effect of surface tension, therefore raising foaming times can be done
Number and shortening foamed time, further improve bubbling efficiency.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary agent in triethanolamine, diethanol monoisopropanolamine, sodium chloride at least
It is a kind of.
In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer be selected from cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, silicones polyethers lotion,
At least one of polyquaternium -7, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol.
The foam stabilizer can be from being directly commercially available on the market, such as cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide is selected from
CDEA6501, silicones polyethers lotion are selected from FM-550, and polyquaternium -7 is selected from M550, and hydroxyethyl ether cellulose is selected from HEC, gather
Vinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol 1788.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of concrete foamer as described above, by each component in room
The lower stirring 10-30min of temperature, to obtain the final product.
When foaming agent provided by the invention is used for concrete, the additive amount of foaming agent is 0.3- relative to the volume of concrete
0.4kg/m3。
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 12
4 parts of sodium alkyl sulfate, 8 parts of sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, diethanol list
4 parts of isopropanolamine, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, polyquaternium -7
2 parts, 4 parts of hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Embodiment 2
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 12
3 parts of sodium alkyl sulfate, 9 parts of sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, diethanol list
4 parts of isopropanolamine, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, polyquaternium -7
2 parts, 4 parts of hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Embodiment 3
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 12
6 parts of sodium alkyl sulfate, 6 parts of sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, diethanol list
4 parts of isopropanolamine, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, polyquaternium -7
2 parts, 4 parts of hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Embodiment 4
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 12
12 parts of sodium alkyl sulfate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, 4 parts of diethanol monoisopropanolamine, sodium chloride 2
Part, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, 2 parts of polyquaternium -7, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose 4
Part, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Embodiment 5
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 2- second
12 parts of base sodium hexy1 sulfate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, 4 parts of diethanol monoisopropanolamine, sodium chloride
2 parts, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, 2 parts of polyquaternium -7, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose
4 parts, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Comparative example 1
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, 12
4 parts of sodium alkyl sulfate, 8 parts of n-octyl sodium sulphate, 6 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, diethanol list isopropyl
4 parts of hydramine, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, 2 parts of polyquaternium -7,
4 parts of hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of water.
Comparative example 2
Concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including following component：10 parts of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, cocounut oil
6 parts of amido propyl betaine, 4 parts of triethanolamine, 4 parts of diethanol monoisopropanolamine, 2 parts of sodium chloride, coco-nut oil fatty acid diethyl
6 parts of alkylolamides, 6 parts of silicones polyethers lotion, 2 parts of polyquaternium -7,4 parts of hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, water
100 parts.
The preparation method of embodiment 1-5, comparative example 1-2 are that each component is stirred at room temperature 20min, to obtain the final product.
1. foam volume is tested
At room temperature, Example 1-5, each 100mL of comparative example 1-2 respectively, are poured into in graduated measuring cup, with stirring
Machine stirs 5min with the rotating speed of 9000rpm, measures the foam volume of generation, Unit/mL.
2. foamed time is tested
At room temperature, Example 1-5, each 100mL of comparative example 1-2 respectively, are poured into in graduated measuring cup, with stirring
Machine is stirred with the rotating speed of 9000rpm, the foam volume for measuring generation mixing time required when being 500mL, unit s.Test knot
Fruit is listed in the table below.
| Foam volume | Foamed time | |
| Embodiment 1 | 980 | 133 |
| Embodiment 2 | 930 | 158 |
| Embodiment 3 | 910 | 152 |
| Embodiment 4 | 750 | 185 |
| Embodiment 5 | 710 | 192 |
| Comparative example 1 | 780 | 171 |
| Comparative example 2 | 420 | 342 |
Foregoing example is merely illustrative, some features of the feature for explaining the disclosure.Appended claim
It is intended to require the scope as wide as possible being contemplated that, and embodiments as presented herein is only according to all possible embodiment
Combination selection embodiment explanation.Therefore, the purpose of applicant is appended claim not by the explanation present invention
Feature exemplary selectional restriction.And the progress in science and technology will not formed due to the inaccuracy of language performance and not
The possible equivalent or son being presently considered are replaced, and these changes should also be interpreted by appended in the conceived case
Claim covers.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. concrete foamer, in parts by weight, including at least following component：Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate 5-30 Part, 5-15 parts of sulfovinate, 4-8 parts of Cocoamidopropyl betaine, 5-15 parts of auxiliary agent, 10-30 parts of foam stabilizer, 100 parts of water.
- 2. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from At least one of sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt.
- 3. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from Ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfate, myristyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, stearyl alcohol At least one of polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
- 4. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is selected from Ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sodium sulphate, myristyl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, palmityl alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, stearyl alcohol At least one of polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate.
- 5. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the sulfovinate is lauryl sulfate With the mixture of 2- ethylhexylsulphates.
- 6. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the lauryl sulfate and 2- ethylhexyls The weight ratio of sulfate is 1：2.
- 7. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the sulfovinate is lauryl sodium sulfate With the mixture of sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate.
- 8. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the auxiliary agent is selected from triethanolamine, diethanol list At least one of isopropanolamine, sodium chloride.
- 9. concrete foamer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the foam stabilizer is selected from coco-nut oil fatty acid diethyl At least one of alkylolamides, silicones polyethers lotion, polyquaternium -7, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol.
- 10. a kind of preparation method of concrete foamer as described in any one of claim 1-9 claim, its feature exist In each component being stirred at room temperature 10-30min, to obtain the final product.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN108358495A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-08-03 | 华润水泥技术研发（广西）有限公司 | A kind of research work of air entrained type grinding aid and application thereof improving cement thick liquid flowability |
| CN110228961A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-13 | 广东冠生土木工程技术股份有限公司 | A kind of foaming agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111138111A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-12 | 福建建工建材科技开发有限公司 | Early-strength waterproof foam concrete foaming agent |
| CN112521050A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 福建省绿树节能科技有限公司 | Concrete foaming agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN113683377A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed light soil with high phosphogypsum content and preparation method thereof |
| CN113754394A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed polymer soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113754371A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed light soil with high stone powder content and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113683377A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed light soil with high phosphogypsum content and preparation method thereof |
| CN113754394A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed polymer soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113754371A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed light soil with high stone powder content and preparation method thereof |
| CN113754394B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-12 | 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 | Foamed polymer soil and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107902947B (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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