CN107900364B - Device for preparing metal amorphous powder by ultrasonic atomization recooling method - Google Patents
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0832—Handling of atomising fluid, e.g. heating, cooling, cleaning, recirculating
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B22F2009/0864—Cooling after atomisation by oil, other non-aqueous fluid or fluid-bed cooling
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B22F2009/0872—Cooling after atomisation by water
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic atomization preparation device for amorphous powder, in particular to novel ultrasonic atomization metal amorphous powder preparation equipment which integrates melting, ultrasonic atomization, a liquid nitrogen and water secondary recooling system, vacuum drying and discharge screening. The vacuum melting crucible melts the raw material into molten metal. The melt is changed into atomized spherical liquid drops under the action of an ultrasonic atomizer. The metal droplets are rapidly cooled by liquid nitrogen and cooling water to form metal particles. And drying the metal particles through a vacuum drying oven. And screening and collecting the dried metal particles. The method for preparing the amorphous powder is simultaneously suitable for metal, quasi-crystal and microcrystal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultrasonic atomization preparation device for amorphous powder, in particular to novel ultrasonic atomization metal amorphous powder preparation equipment which integrates melting, ultrasonic atomization, a liquid nitrogen and water secondary recooling system, vacuum drying and discharge screening.
Background
In the beginning of the 21 st century, the german industry's 4.0 strategy and china's 2025 proposed, the manufacturing industry raised a high tide of innovation. Among them, the additive manufacturing technology represented by 3D printing is receiving high attention from the global science and technology field, and the additive manufacturing of metal is also becoming the development direction of the future manufacturing industry. However, as the manufacturing technology develops, the corresponding problems become more and more prominent, and the material used for manufacturing becomes one of the important factors for restricting the development. Emerging technologies such as metal 3D printing and laser spraying provide extremely high requirements for powder materials, and the performance of traditional simple substances or alloy powder is difficult to meet the manufacturing requirements of high-quality and high-performance products. Therefore, amorphous materials have become a research hotspot for researchers. The amorphous powder has the characteristics of high purity, sphericity, high fluidity and concentrated particle size distribution, has excellent soft magnetic properties, high reaction activity, high catalytic performance, good mechanical properties and other physical and chemical characteristics, and is increasingly widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles, metallurgy, chemical industry and the like.
The reduction of non-uniform nucleation during cooling solidification is to prepareThe technical key of bulk amorphization is. The main preparation method at present comprises the following steps: rapid solidification, melt quenching, deep supercooling, and the like. Melt quenching is the primary method for preparing amorphous alloys. Extremely high cooling rate (10)5K/s～106K/s) can effectively inhibit the nucleation and growth of the liquid metal in the cooling process, thereby obtaining the amorphous solid. Also, the glass forming ability of the amorphous powder is impaired in the following cases: the multicomponent alloy composition deviates from the eutectic or near eutectic composition point; ② the purity of the raw material is not high enough; thirdly, impurities are introduced in the process of mother alloy melting and matching or forming; and fourthly, the superheat degree of the master alloy before forming is not properly selected.
In recent years, the common amorphous strip crushing method and the gas atomization method need to obtain 10 by the atomization powder preparation method due to the limitation of equipment process conditions5The cooling speed of K/s is difficult, and the method for preparing the powder has the problems of irregular powder appearance, wide particle size distribution range, high oxygen content and the like; although the water atomization method can improve the cooling rate of preparing the amorphous alloy, the interaction of the molten liquid flow and the water flow produces powder which is easy to oxidize and irregular in shape, and meanwhile, when the molten metal is solidified, a water vapor film is generated when the molten metal meets the water, so that the rapid cooling of molten drops is hindered.
At present, the research and development work of amorphous magnetic powder preparation equipment is slow due to the restriction of the technical level in China, related production enterprises are fewer, but the amorphous powder has great market demand, and therefore a set of novel amorphous powder manufacturing equipment for mastering the core technology is urgently needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a stable, continuous and controllable novel ultrasonic atomization preparation device for metal amorphous powder to adapt to the rapid development of an additive manufacturing technology. The invention is based on the principle of ultrasonic vibration, atomizes the metal liquid and forcibly quenches the metal liquid in low-temperature nitrogen and cooling water to realize the preparation of amorphous powder.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device mainly comprises a melting device from top to bottom; an ultrasonic atomizer; cooling means (liquid nitrogen + water cooling); a drying and collecting device.
The melting device comprises a molten metal liquid inlet valve, a molten metal inlet pipe and a crucible. The crucible is made of heat insulating materials and is provided with an upper crucible cover, and a threaded upper cover air inlet is formed in the center of the upper crucible cover, so that argon can be conveniently introduced after vacuumizing is performed; a metal liquid inlet valve is arranged at the bottom of the crucible, the metal liquid inlet valve is opened, and the molten metal can flow out of the crucible downwards through a metal liquid inlet pipeline; the crucible upper cover is tightly connected with the crucible through a connecting bolt.
The ultrasonic atomization device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an amplitude transformer, a piezoelectric transducer and a tool head. Wherein, the power of the ultrasonic generator is adjustable, the ultrasonic vibration source (driving power supply) can convert 50-60Hz commercial power into high-power (300-600W) high-frequency (15-100 kHz) power supply to be supplied to the piezoelectric transducer, and a time schedule controller can be integrated in the ultrasonic generator according to requirements to set and control the ultrasonic vibration generating time and the intermittent time; the piezoelectric transducer converts high-frequency electric energy into mechanical vibration energy; the amplitude transformer is an important component in the ultrasonic atomization device and is in a hollow tube structure, the metal solution flows to the tool head through the amplitude transformer pipeline, and the amplitude transformer is mainly used for amplifying the particle displacement or speed of mechanical vibration and concentrating ultrasonic energy on a smaller area, namely concentrating energy; the tool head is conical, the taper is 120 degrees, the adjustment is carried out according to the integral requirement of the equipment, the conical head is provided with an orifice, and the molten metal in the orifice flies out in a foggy manner; the top of the ultrasonic generator is connected with a bolt, so that the ultrasonic generator is connected to the bottom of the crucible. The ultrasonic generator, the piezoelectric transducer and the tool head are sequentially and downwards assembled on the amplitude transformer by taking the central line of the amplitude transformer as an axis, and all components are connected and fixed at the assembling position.
The cooling device comprises a liquid nitrogen cooling and water cooling device, and a cooling chamber consisting of liquid nitrogen cooling and water cooling spaces is positioned in the middle of the device, namely below the tool head and above the drying and collecting device, and is a vacuum closed space.
The liquid nitrogen cooling device is pre-cooled and comprises a pressure temperature monitor, a liquid nitrogen pipe, a liquid nitrogen inlet valve, a pressure release tank and an exhaust valve. The pressure temperature monitor is arranged at the top of the cooling chamber, liquid nitrogen pipes are spirally distributed around the circular truncated cone wall at the upper part of the cooling chamber, a liquid nitrogen inlet is provided with a liquid nitrogen inlet valve, a large number of pores are uniformly distributed in the liquid nitrogen pipes, the pores are communicated with the cooling chamber and are provided with pore series switches to control the opening and closing of all the pores; the middle part of the cooling chamber is provided with an exhaust pressure relief channel, and in order to ensure safety, the pressure relief and the exhaust of the cooling chamber are respectively controlled by a pressure relief valve and an exhaust valve.
Wherein, the water cooling device is post-cooled (recooled) and comprises a water inlet valve, a liquid level monitoring sensor, a motor stirrer, a drain valve I, a drain valve II and a powder inlet valve. The water cooling device is provided with a liquid level monitoring sensor, the water inlet is positioned on a preset water level line (the preset water level line is lower than the water inlet), the water inlet valve is automatically closed when the liquid level reaches the preset water level, and the valve can be manually controlled when the liquid level does not reach the preset water level; a motor stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the cooling chamber and is controlled by a circuit, and a stirring rod rotates at the speed of 50 revolutions per minute when the cooling chamber works; a drainage chamber is arranged below the cooling chamber, a drainage control valve 1 controls cooling water and metal particles to enter the drainage chamber, and a drainage valve 2 controls drainage of wastewater in the drainage chamber; the lower part of the drainage chamber is provided with a powder storage space of a reverse round platform, and a powder inlet valve is arranged at the position for controlling the moist powder to enter the drying box.
The vacuum drying device is composed of a drying temperature controller; a nitrogen gas governor; a nitrogen power valve; a powder outlet switch is dried; and (7) a drying box. Wherein, the drying temperature controller can realize the real-time regulation and control of the drying temperature; the nitrogen power valve and the nitrogen speed regulator are arranged on the side surface of the drying box, and the nitrogen is used as a driving source for the dried powder to flow; and the drying powder outlet switch controls a connecting channel between the drying box and the screening device.
The discharging screening and collecting device is composed of a screening disc, a rotating motor, a rotating rod, a screening powder outlet switch, a screening hole, a powder collecting inclined channel and a powder outlet. Wherein, the screening disc is provided with dense powder screening holes which are uniformly distributed around the circle center, the aperture diameters of 2 screening discs are different, and the aperture diameters are determined according to application requirements and are divided into three types of coarse, medium and fine; the rotary motor is connected with a rotary rod, and the rotary rod penetrates through the center of the screening disc and is fixedly connected with the screening disc; the screening disc can rotate positively and negatively under the drive of a rotating motor; the sieving powder outlet switch controls the communication between the sieving space and the powder collecting inclined channel; the powder collecting inclined channel is of an inclined structure, so that the rolling collection of powder is facilitated; the tail end of the inclined channel is provided with a powder outlet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of an ultrasonic atomizing apparatus.
1-a melting device; 2-ultrasonic atomizer; 3-cooling device (liquid nitrogen + water cooling); 4-vacuum drying device; and 5, screening and collecting the device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a melting apparatus.
1-1 covering an air inlet; 1-2 connecting bolts; 1-3 molten metal; 1-4 metal liquid inlet valve; 1-5 metal liquid inlet pipe; 1-6 crucible upper cover
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic atomizer.
2-1 connecting bolt; 2-2 ultrasonic generator; 2-3 of an amplitude transformer; 2-4 piezoelectric transducers; 2-5 tool heads.
Figure 4 schematic of the cooling apparatus (liquid nitrogen + water cooling).
3-1 liquid nitrogen tube; 3-2 liquid nitrogen liquid inlet valve; 3-3, metal atomized liquid; 3-4, a pressure relief valve; 3-5 exhaust valves; 3-6 pressure relief tank; 3-7 pressure and temperature monitors; 3-8 motor stirrer; 3-9 inlet valves; 3-10 of a drain valve I; 3-11 of a drain valve II; 3-12 powder inlet valves; 3-13 liquid level monitoring sensors.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a drying and collecting apparatus.
4-1, drying the temperature controller; 4-2 nitrogen gas speed regulator; 4-3 nitrogen power valves; 4-4 drying and discharging the powder; 4-5 drying box 5-1 screening plate; 5-2 rotating the motor; 5-3 rotating the rod; 5-4, screening and discharging a powder switch; 5-5 screening holes; 5-6, collecting powder and inclining the channel; 5-7 powder outlet.
Fig. 6 is an overall flow chart of the ultrasonic atomization device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for preparing amorphous metal powder by ultrasonic atomization and re-cooling method includes a melting device 1, an ultrasonic atomizer 2, a cooling device 3 (liquid nitrogen + water cooling), a 4-vacuum drying device, and a 5-sieving and collecting device.
The preparation method of the amorphous powder provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the vacuum melting crucible melts the raw material into molten metal.
(2) The melt is changed into atomized spherical liquid drops under the action of an ultrasonic atomizer.
(3) The metal droplets are rapidly cooled by liquid nitrogen and cooling water to form metal particles.
(4) And drying the metal particles through a vacuum drying oven.
(5) And screening and collecting the dried metal particles.
It should be noted that the method of preparing the amorphous powder in the present invention is applicable to metals, quasicrystals and microcrystals at the same time. All valve switches remain closed before the device is operated.
The melting device 1 is arranged at the uppermost part of the main body equipment, and can be used for adding metal blocks to carry out vacuum high-temperature melting, or can be used for filling melted metal 1-3 into a crucible. An upper cover air inlet 1-1 is arranged on an upper cover 1-6 of the crucible, after 1-3 (blocks) of molten metal are added, the crucible is covered and sealed by 4 connecting bolts 1-2, the crucible is firstly vacuumized through the upper cover air inlet 1-1, argon is filled for protection and pressurization, and the pressure is controlled to be 5 MPa-15 MPa, so that the air pressure before opening a molten metal liquid inlet valve 1-4 is greater than the nitrogen pressure of a cooling chamber.
And after the preparation of the smelting device is finished, opening the water inlet valve 3-9, injecting low-temperature distilled water into the bottom of the cooling chamber, observing the liquid level monitoring sensor 3-13, stopping injecting water when the water level reaches a preset water level, and closing the water inlet valve 3-9. After water injection is finished, a liquid nitrogen inlet valve 3-2 is opened, liquid nitrogen is injected into a liquid nitrogen pipe 3-1 around a cooling chamber, after a certain amount of liquid nitrogen is injected, the liquid nitrogen inlet valve 3-2 is closed, a fine hole series switch is opened, the cooling chamber is cooled, a pressure and temperature monitor 3-7 is observed, the air pressure is ensured to be smaller than the argon pressure in a melting crucible 1, namely the air pressure is shown to be less than 1/3 argon pressure, the temperature is 0-5 ℃, if the pressure is higher, a pressure release valve 3-4 can be opened for proper pressure release, the cooling temperature is adjusted, and the corresponding switch and valve are closed.
When the device is adjusted, the motor stirrer 3-8 is started, the pore series switch is opened, and the metal liquid inlet valve 1-4 is opened. The cooling water moves at a low speed, so that the water temperature is ensured to be uniform. The metal liquid flows into the ultrasonic atomizer 2 from the metal liquid inlet pipe 1-5 due to high pressure, flows downwards along the channel of the amplitude transformer 2-3 through the ultrasonic generator 2-2, and reaches the tool head 2-5 through the piezoelectric transducer 2-4. In the process, the ultrasonic generator 2-2 converts common alternating current into high-frequency electromagnetic oscillation, then the high-frequency electromagnetic oscillation is converted into high-frequency mechanical oscillation through the piezoelectric transducer 2-4, and then the amplitude is expanded through the amplitude transformer 2-3 and transmitted to the tool head 2-5. When the metal liquid contacts the tool heads 2-5, a layer of liquid film is spread under ultrasonic vibration, when the working surface of the tool head reaches a certain amplitude, the thin liquid layer is vibrated to be broken, and flies out from the working surface to form atomized liquid drops to be sprayed out from the openings of the tool heads, and the spraying speed can be properly controlled by adjusting the pressure of argon gas. The liquid nitrogen is vaporized to the cooling chamber to absorb heat, the temperature of the cooling chamber is maintained, atomized liquid drops are simultaneously subjected to primary rapid condensation, the liquid drops after primary condensation fall into cold water, and secondary resolidification is carried out, so that the centers of the metal liquid drops can also be subjected to rapid condensation.
After a certain time, the motor stirrer 3-8 is closed, the metal liquid inlet valve 1-4 is closed, and the ultrasonic atomizer 2 is stopped. The small solidified metal particles are concentrated at the bottom of the cooling chamber. And opening a drain valve I3-10, allowing the metal particles and water to enter a drain chamber, and allowing the metal particles to sink into the powder storage space of the inverted round table. And closing the drain valve I3-10, opening the drain valve II 3-11, discharging most of wastewater, and leaving metal particles mixed with a small amount of water at the bottom of the drain chamber. And opening the powder inlet valve 3-12, and closing the powder inlet valve 3-12 after the metal particles fall into the vacuum drying oven. At the moment, the pressure and temperature monitor 3-7 is observed, if the pressure is large, the pressure release valve 3-4 is opened, high-pressure nitrogen is released into the pressure release tank 3-6, then the exhaust valve 3-5 is opened, the nitrogen is removed, and after the pressure of the cooling chamber is reduced and stabilized, the pressure release valve 3-4 and the exhaust valve 3-5 are closed.
And opening a switch of the vacuum drying box, adjusting a drying temperature controller to 4-1, setting the drying temperature to be 100-200 ℃, and drying the wet powder. The drying time is at least more than 2h, after the drying is finished, a drying powder outlet switch 4-4 is opened, and a rotating motor 5-2 is started to drive a screening disc 5-1 to rotate through a rotating rod 5-3. And opening a nitrogen power valve 4-3 for nitrogen driving, and adjusting a nitrogen speed regulator 4-2 to adjust the powder movement speed. The metal powder enters the powder screening space. The rotating motor 5-2 periodically rotates forward and backward to sieve powder, and the powder with small particle size falls from the sieving holes 5-5. And after the powder is sieved for a period of time, a sieving powder outlet switch 5-4 is opened, the powder on a sieving disc 5-1 is thrown into a powder collecting inclined channel 5-6 under the centrifugal action, the powder collecting inclined channel is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the powder with three particle sizes, namely a coarse particle size, a middle layer and a fine particle size, is respectively collected, and the collected powder is led out from a powder outlet 5-7. After the whole milling process is finished, all switches, valves and motors are closed.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a device of metal amorphous powder is prepared to ultrasonic atomization recooling method which characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a melting device, an ultrasonic atomization device, a cooling device consisting of liquid nitrogen and water cooling, and a drying and collecting device from top to bottom; the melting device comprises a molten metal liquid inlet valve, a molten metal inlet pipe and a crucible; the crucible is made of heat insulating materials and is provided with an upper crucible cover, and a threaded upper cover air inlet is formed in the center of the upper crucible cover, so that argon can be conveniently introduced after vacuumizing is performed; a metal liquid inlet valve is arranged at the bottom of the crucible, the metal liquid inlet valve is opened, and the molten metal can flow out of the crucible downwards through a metal liquid inlet pipeline; the crucible upper cover is tightly connected with the crucible through a connecting bolt;
the ultrasonic atomization device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an amplitude transformer, a piezoelectric transducer and a tool head; wherein, the power of the ultrasonic generator is adjustable, and the piezoelectric transducer converts high-frequency electric energy into mechanical vibration energy; the amplitude transformer is an important component in the ultrasonic atomization device and is in a hollow tube structure, the metal solution flows to the tool head through the amplitude transformer pipeline, and the amplitude transformer is mainly used for amplifying the particle displacement or speed of mechanical vibration and concentrating ultrasonic energy on a smaller area, namely concentrating energy; the tool head is conical, the conical head is provided with an orifice, and the molten metal in the orifice flies out in a mist form; the top of the ultrasonic generator is connected with a bolt, so that the ultrasonic generator is connected to the bottom of the crucible; the ultrasonic generator, the piezoelectric transducer and the tool head are sequentially assembled on the amplitude transformer downwards by taking the central line of the amplitude transformer as an axis, and all components are connected and fixed at the assembling position;
the cooling device comprises a liquid nitrogen cooling and water cooling device, and a cooling chamber consisting of liquid nitrogen cooling and water cooling spaces is positioned in the middle of the device, namely below the tool head and above the drying and collecting device, and is a vacuum closed space;
the liquid nitrogen cooling device is front-cooling and comprises a pressure temperature monitor, a liquid nitrogen pipe, a liquid nitrogen inlet valve, a pressure release tank and an exhaust valve; the pressure temperature monitor is arranged at the top of the cooling chamber, liquid nitrogen pipes are spirally distributed around the circular truncated cone wall at the upper part of the cooling chamber, a liquid nitrogen inlet is provided with a liquid nitrogen inlet valve, a large number of pores are uniformly distributed in the liquid nitrogen pipes, the pores are communicated with the cooling chamber and are provided with pore series switches to control the opening and closing of all the pores; the middle part of the cooling chamber is provided with an exhaust pressure relief channel, and in order to ensure safety, the pressure relief and the exhaust of the cooling chamber are respectively controlled by a pressure relief valve and an exhaust valve;
the water cooling device is post-cooled and comprises a water inlet valve, a liquid level monitoring sensor, a motor stirrer, a drain valve I, a drain valve II and a powder inlet valve; the water cooling device is provided with a liquid level monitoring sensor, a water inlet is arranged on a preset water level line, a water inlet valve is automatically closed when the liquid level reaches a preset water level, and the valve can be manually controlled when the liquid level does not reach the preset water level; a motor stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the cooling chamber; a drainage chamber is arranged below the cooling chamber, a drainage valve I controls cooling water and metal particles to enter the drainage chamber, and a drainage valve II controls drainage of wastewater in the drainage chamber; the lower part of the drainage chamber is provided with a powder storage space of a reverse round table, and a powder inlet valve is arranged at the position for controlling wet powder to enter a drying box;
the drying and collecting device consists of a vacuum drying device and a discharged material screening and collecting device, and the vacuum drying device consists of a drying temperature controller; a nitrogen gas governor; a nitrogen power valve; a powder outlet switch is dried; a drying box; wherein, the drying temperature controller can realize the real-time regulation and control of the drying temperature; the nitrogen power valve and the nitrogen speed regulator are arranged on the side surface of the drying box, and the nitrogen is used as a driving source for the dried powder to flow; a drying powder outlet switch controls a connecting channel between the drying box and the screening device;
the discharged material screening and collecting device consists of a screening disc, a rotating motor, a rotating rod, a screening powder outlet switch, a screening hole, a powder collecting inclined channel and a powder outlet; wherein, the screening disc is provided with dense powder screening holes which are uniformly distributed around the circle center, the aperture diameters of 2 screening discs are different, and the aperture diameters are determined according to application requirements and are divided into three types of coarse, medium and fine; the rotary motor is connected with a rotary rod, and the rotary rod penetrates through the center of the screening disc and is fixedly connected with the screening disc; the screening disc can rotate positively and negatively under the drive of a rotating motor; the sieving powder outlet switch controls the communication between the sieving space and the powder collecting inclined channel; the powder collecting inclined channel is of an inclined structure, so that the rolling collection of powder is facilitated; the tail end of the powder collecting inclined channel is provided with a powder outlet.
2. The apparatus for preparing metallic amorphous powder by ultrasonic atomization and recooling method according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic vibration source of the ultrasonic generator can convert 50-60Hz commercial power into high-power 300-600W high-frequency 15-100 kHz power supply to be supplied to the piezoelectric transducer, and a time schedule controller can be integrated in the ultrasonic generator according to requirements to set and control ultrasonic vibration generating time and intermittent time.
3. The apparatus for preparing metallic amorphous powder by ultrasonic atomization and recooling method according to claim 1, wherein: the tool head is conical, and the taper is 120 degrees.
4. The apparatus for preparing metallic amorphous powder by ultrasonic atomization and recooling method according to claim 1, wherein: and a motor stirrer, wherein the stirring rod rotates at a speed of 50 rpm when the motor stirrer works.
5. The apparatus for preparing metallic amorphous powder by ultrasonic atomization and recooling method according to claim 1, wherein: the powder collecting inclined channel is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, powder with three particle sizes of coarse, middle and fine is collected respectively, and the collected powder is led out from the powder outlet.
6. A method for preparing metallic amorphous powder by using the ultrasonic atomization and cooling method of the apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the melting device is arranged at the uppermost part of the main body equipment, and can be used for adding metal blocks to carry out vacuum high-temperature melting and also can be used for filling melted metal into a crucible; an upper cover air inlet is arranged on the upper cover of the crucible, after the molten metal is added, the crucible is covered and sealed by 4 connecting bolts, the crucible is firstly vacuumized through the upper cover air inlet, argon is filled for protection and pressurization, and the pressure is controlled to be 5-15 MPa, so that the air pressure before opening a molten metal liquid inlet valve is greater than the nitrogen pressure of a cooling chamber;
after the smelting device is prepared, starting a water inlet valve, injecting low-temperature distilled water into the bottom of the cooling chamber, observing a liquid level monitoring sensor, stopping injecting water when the water level reaches a preset water level, and closing the water inlet valve; after water injection is finished, opening a liquid nitrogen inlet valve, injecting liquid nitrogen into a liquid nitrogen pipe around a cooling chamber, closing the liquid nitrogen inlet valve after a certain amount of liquid nitrogen is injected, opening a fine hole series switch, cooling the cooling chamber, observing a pressure and temperature monitor, ensuring that the air pressure is less than the argon pressure in a melting crucible, namely displaying that the air pressure is less than 1/3 argon pressure, the temperature is 0-5 ℃, if the pressure is higher, opening a pressure release valve to release pressure properly, finishing the adjustment of the cooling temperature, and closing a corresponding switch and a corresponding valve;
when the device is adjusted, a motor stirrer is started, a pore series switch is opened, and a molten metal inlet valve is opened; the cooling water moves at a low speed, so that the water temperature can be ensured to be uniform; the metal liquid flows into the ultrasonic atomizer from the metal liquid inlet pipe due to high pressure, flows downwards along the amplitude transformer channel through the ultrasonic generator, and reaches the tool head through the piezoelectric transducer; in the process, an ultrasonic generator converts commercial power into electromagnetic oscillation with high frequency of 15kHz-100kHz, then the commercial power is converted into high-frequency mechanical vibration through a piezoelectric transducer, and then the amplitude is expanded through an amplitude transformer and transmitted to a tool head; when the metal liquid contacts the tool head, a layer of liquid film is spread under ultrasonic vibration, when the working surface of the tool head reaches a certain amplitude, the thin liquid layer is vibrated to be broken, and flies out from the working surface to form atomized liquid drops to be sprayed out from the orifice of the tool head, and the spraying speed can be properly controlled by adjusting the pressure of argon gas; the liquid nitrogen is vaporized to the cooling chamber to absorb heat, the temperature of the cooling chamber is maintained, atomized liquid drops are simultaneously subjected to primary rapid condensation, the liquid drops after primary condensation fall into cold water, and secondary resolidification is carried out, so that the centers of the metal liquid drops can be rapidly condensed;
after a certain time, the motor stirrer is closed, the liquid inlet valve of the molten metal is closed, and the ultrasonic atomizer is stopped; the solidified metal particles are concentrated at the bottom of the cooling chamber; opening a drain valve I, enabling the metal particles and water to enter a drain chamber, and enabling the metal particles to sink into the powder storage space of the inverted round table; closing the drain valve I, opening the drain valve II, discharging most of wastewater, and leaving metal particles mixed with a small amount of water at the bottom of the drain chamber; opening a powder inlet valve, and closing the powder inlet valve after the metal particles fall into the vacuum drying box; at the moment, observing the pressure and temperature monitor, if the pressure is higher, opening the pressure release valve, releasing high-pressure nitrogen into the pressure release tank, then opening the exhaust valve, removing the nitrogen, and closing the pressure release valve and the exhaust valve after the pressure of the cooling chamber is reduced and stabilized;
opening a switch of a vacuum drying oven, adjusting a drying temperature controller, setting the drying temperature to be 100-200 ℃, and drying the wet powder for more than 2 hours; after drying, turning on a drying powder outlet switch, and turning on a rotating motor to drive a screening disc to rotate through a rotating rod; opening a nitrogen power valve to drive nitrogen, and adjusting a nitrogen speed regulator to adjust the powder movement speed; metal powder enters a powder sieving space; the rotating motor periodically rotates forwards and backwards to sieve powder, and the powder with small particle size falls from the sieving holes; the powder screening device is characterized in that a powder screening outlet switch is opened after powder screening is carried out for a period of time, powder on a screening disc is thrown into a powder collecting inclined channel due to centrifugal action, the powder collecting inclined channel is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, powder with three particle sizes, namely a coarse particle size, a middle layer and a fine particle size, is collected respectively, the collected powder is guided out from a powder outlet, and all switches, valves and motors are closed after the whole powder milling process is finished.
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