CN107896069B - Novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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Abstract
A novel single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier comprises a single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge, a filter, a single-phase VIENNA type rectifier bridge, a voltage and current sampling circuit and a signal conditioning circuit. By adopting the structure and adopting the algorithm of single-cycle control, the control method is simple, the structure is simple, and only the output voltage and the input current need to be collected. The system has strong robustness, high power density, high power factor, stable output voltage and high system reliability. Compared with the traditional single-phase rectifier, the three-level rectifier has the advantages that the conversion efficiency of the circuit can be greatly improved, the application range is wide, the voltage stress of a power switch tube can be greatly reduced by adopting a three-level structure, and a large amount of material resources and financial resources can be saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of single-phase electric energy conversion, in particular to a novel single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier.
Background
Rectification is ubiquitous today and rectifiers are used for all power levels, so research and improvement of rectifiers is very necessary. At present, there are many most common rectification methods, such as uncontrollable diode full-bridge rectification, PWM rectification, synchronous rectification, etc., and there is a serious problem for the uncontrollable rectification that the harmonic content of the input current is very rich, which is very harmful to the power grid. PWM rectification improves this disadvantage well, with low harmonic content and high power factor. With the development of the rectification technology, a multi-level thought is provided, so that the voltage stress borne by the power switch tube is greatly reduced, the content of harmonic waves in the current is reduced, and the ripple content in the voltage is low.
In recent years, as the application of rectifiers in industry becomes more and more extensive, research on the problems of improving the efficiency, power density, reliability, power factor and input end current harmonics of the rectifiers becomes reluctant.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is to improve the defects of low efficiency, low power density, low reliability, low power factor and high harmonic content of input end current of a rectifier. Compared with the traditional single-phase rectifier, the novel single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier provided by the invention can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of a circuit, has a wide application range, can greatly reduce the voltage stress of a power switch tube by adopting a three-level structure, and can save a large amount of material resources and financial resources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier comprises a single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge, a filter and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge, wherein the single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge comprises a diode D3、D4、D4、D5、D6A rectifying part connected with an inductor L1One terminal, inductor L2One terminal, inductor L1The other end is connected with the anode of a diode D7 and a switching tube SFaDrain electrode, inductor L2The other end is connected with a switch tube SFaA source, a cathode of the diode D8, a cathode of the diode D7, an anode of the diode D8 and a load RLTwo ends.
The filter comprises a filter inductor L, and the filter inductor L is connected between an alternating current power supply and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge in series;
the VIENNA modified rectifier bridge comprises a diode D1、D2Capacitor Cp、CnTwo oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2Diode D1Anode connected diode D2Cathode, diode D1、D2The connection point is connected with an alternating current power supply, and a diode D1、D2The connecting point is connected with two oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2One end of two Mos tubes S connected in series reversely1、S2The other ends are respectively connected with a capacitor CpOne terminal, capacitor CnOne terminal, capacitor CpAnother terminal, a capacitor CnThe other ends are respectively connected with a load RLTwo ends.
A novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier control system comprises a voltage and current sampling circuit, a signal conditioning circuit and a control circuit;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for measuring the load RLThe voltage sampling circuit is connected with the voltage feedback error amplifier;
the current sampling circuit is used for measuring the current of the input end of the single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge and the current of the input end of the VIENNA modified rectifier bridge;
the signal conditioning circuit comprises two sets of single-period control circuits which are respectively connected with the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit, and the voltage/current sampling circuit outputs PWM (pulse width modulation) waves to control the on and off of the Mos tube;
the control circuit comprises an error amplifier, an integral restorer, a comparator and an SR trigger which are connected in sequence.
The novel single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the single-cycle control algorithm for control, realizes good control effect, requires less input quantity, has the advantages of higher response speed, fast and accurate load adjustment, strong anti-interference capability, simple control rule, easy realization and the like, and can realize the sine of the current at the network side, the unit power factor and the constant voltage at the direct current side.
2. The invention can quickly track current, has strong robustness, stable output voltage, high conversion efficiency, high power density, high reliability, low current harmonic content and high power factor.
3. The single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier structure is adopted, and a single-period control algorithm is adopted, so that the control method is simple, the structure is simple, and only the output voltage and the input current need to be collected. The system has strong robustness, high power density, high power factor, stable output voltage and high system reliability. Compared with the traditional single-phase rectifier, the three-level rectifier has the advantages that the conversion efficiency of the circuit can be greatly improved, the application range is wide, the voltage stress of a power switch tube can be greatly reduced by adopting a three-level structure, and a large amount of material resources and financial resources can be saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit topology block diagram of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the switching mode of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a two-flow diagram of the switching mode of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a three-flow diagram of the switching mode of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a switch mode four-flow diagram of a VIENNA rectifier bridge of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a sequence diagram of a single-cycle PFC control according to the present invention.
Fig. 8(1) is a first variation structure diagram of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 8(2) is a second variation structure diagram of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 8(3) is a third variation structure diagram of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 8(4) is a fourth variation structure diagram of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the uni-directional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 8(5) is a fifth variation structure diagram of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 8(6) is a diagram illustrating a sixth variation of the VIENNA rectifier bridge of the uni-directional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the input voltage and current of the first rectifier of the uni-directional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of the input voltage and current of the second rectifier of the new type unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier.
Fig. 11 is a general input voltage and current waveform diagram of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the voltage waveforms across two switching tubes of the novel single-phase rectifier with unidirectional mixing.
Fig. 13 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a voltage waveform diagram of two ends of a load when the output control voltage of the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier changes.
Fig. 15 is a voltage waveform diagram across the load when the load power changes for the novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier comprises a single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge, a filter and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge, wherein the single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge comprises a diode D3、D4、D4、D5、D6A rectifying part connected with an inductor L1One terminal, inductor L2One terminal, inductor L1The other end is connected with the anode of a diode D7 and a switching tube SFaDrain electrode, inductor L2The other end is connected with a switch tube SFaA source, a cathode of the diode D8, a cathode of the diode D7, an anode of the diode D8 and a load RLTwo ends.
The filter comprises a filter inductor L, and the filter inductor L is connected between an alternating current power supply and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge in series;
the VIENNA modified rectifier bridge comprises a diode D1、D2Capacitor Cp、CnTwo oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2Diode D1Anode connected diode D2Cathode, diode D1、D2The connection point is connected with an alternating current power supply, and a diode D1、D2The connecting point is connected with two oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2One end of two Mos tubes S connected in series reversely1、S2The other ends are respectively connected with a capacitor CpOne terminal, capacitor CnOne terminal, capacitor CpAnother terminal, a capacitor CnThe other ends are respectively connected with a load RLTwo ends.
The invention provides a novel unidirectional hybrid single-phase rectifier which mainly comprises two rectifier bridges, wherein one rectifier bridge is uncontrolled rectification, the other rectifier bridge is VIENNA rectification, and the two rectifier bridges can realize power proportional distribution.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the block diagram of fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the circuit is a hybrid rectifier circuit, and two rectifiers are used in parallel. A boost circuit is connected behind a common uncontrollable rectifier bridge, and the boost circuit is mainly used for matching the voltages of two rectifiers and carrying out power factor calibration on a single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge, wherein the adopted control strategy is a single-period control method. The other is a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge which consists of two diodes and two Mos tubes. In FIG. 1, vinIs the output voltage of an AC power supply iinIs the output current of an AC power supply i1Is the current flowing into rectifier two, i2For the current flowing into rectifier one, voIs the voltage across a resistive load, vmIs an error signal of the output voltage.
For the VIENNA modified rectifier bridge, the bridge has four switching modes in the positive and negative half cycles of the mains supply.
Switch mode one, as shown in fig. 2. At this time, the positive half cycle of the commercial power is the switch tube S1Conducting current through inductor L and switching tube S1Finally passes through S2The body diode of (1) flows back. In the process, the inductor L stores energy, and the load is loaded by the capacitor CpCnAnd (5) supplying power.
Switch mode two, which is shown in fig. 3. At this time, the positive half cycle of the commercial power is the switch tube S1S2Are not conducted, and the current passes through an inductor L and a diode D1Finally via a capacitor CpAnd flowing back. In the process, commercial power and an inductor L simultaneously supply power to a load, and a capacitor CpAnd (6) charging.
And a third switching mode, which is shown in fig. 4. At this time, the negative half cycle of the commercial power is switched on and off2On, the current passes through the switch tube S2，S1And finally flows back through the inductor L. In the process, the inductor L stores energy, and the load is loaded by the capacitor CpCnAnd (5) supplying power.
And a fourth switching mode, which is shown in fig. 5. At this time, the negative half cycle of the commercial power is switched on and off1S2Are not conducted, and the current passes through the capacitor CpDiode D2And finally flows back through the inductor L. In the process, commercial power and an inductor L simultaneously supply power to a load, and a capacitor CnAnd (6) charging.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the rectifier. The control method adopts single-cycle control, which mainly comprises four parts, namely an error amplifier, an integral restorer and a comparator, wherein the output of the error amplifier is sent to an SR trigger.
The single-cycle control comprises the following main control processes: in steady state, the output voltage voAt a constant value, the sum v is obtained through a voltage feedback networkoProportional error signal vm(ii) a V is obtained by a fast integratorintAt the same time vmAnd vintSending into a subtracter to obtain a current control reference signal Vc＝Vm-Vint(ii) a At the beginning of each starting period, the trigger is triggered by the clock, the switch tube is conducted, the inductor stores energy, the inductor current rises, and the inductor current and the V are connectedcTogether fed into a comparator, when i is equal to VcWhen the next clock signal arrives, the switch tube is conducted again to start the modulation of the next period.
The control process of the single cycle can be more clearly understood by combining the control sequence diagram of the single cycle control PFC of fig. 7. It can be seen that when the switch tube is turned on, the current gradually rises, and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage output by the integrator from the modulation voltage gradually decreases, but when the two are equal, the trigger is turned over, the integrator is cleared, and the switch tube turn-off current starts to fall again to wait for the arrival of the next period.
With reference to fig. 1, the simulation parameters of the system are: the frequency of the AC power supply is 50Hz, the effective value is 220V, and the DC voltage V is outputo700V, 50 omega of resistance load, 6mH of filter inductance and C of filter capacitorp＝Cn2200 uf, boost inductance 6mH, switching frequency 12 KHz.
The working process of the system is as follows: the output voltage samples are sent to an error amplifier to obtain an error signal, and a voltage PI controller can be added to the error amplifier, so that the voltage on the direct current side can be converged quickly and stabilized near a desired value. After comparison by the comparator, a gating signal is generated by the trigger to drive the Mos tube to be switched on and off, so that the current changes according to a sinusoidal regulation and is in the same phase with the input voltage. The two rectifiers are controlled by two independent gating signals, and the two Mos tubes of the second rectifier are controlled by the same signal. After the two rectifiers are controlled in a single period, the input currents of the two rectifiers are both subjected to sine, and finally the network side input current i is subjected to sine. Here also the power division of the two rectifiers can be achieved by changing the factor by which the input current is multiplied.
FIGS. 9-15 are simulations of the present invention in Simulink. First, referring to fig. 9 to 11, the three waveforms are the input voltage and current waveforms of the first rectifier, the second rectifier and the ac power supply, respectively, and it can be seen that the sine degree is high and the power factor is high regardless of which waveform, and the voltage and the current are almost in phase.
Fig. 12 is a voltage waveform diagram at two ends of a second switching tube of the rectifier, and it can be seen that the voltages are alternate positive and negative, and are almost symmetrical, the three-level effect is good, and the voltages of the two capacitors are basically balanced. The three levels are output end potentials of
Three kinds of the components are adopted.
Fig. 13 shows the output voltage waveform when the rectifier is stabilized, which is approximately a straight line and almost equal to the set output voltage value, showing that the stability is good.
Fig. 14 is a graph of the output voltage waveform when the voltage set point jumps from 700 to 740 at 0.2s, after 0.06s the voltage is substantially stable.
While fig. 15 is a graph of the output voltage waveform when the load is doubled and then restored, it can be seen that it stabilizes over four cycles, whether it is weighted or relaxed. From the two figures, the invention has good stability and strong robustness.
The scope of protection of the present patent is not limited to the above described configuration, but the present invention also proposes that other five variants and any conceivable variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention, and that such topologies can also be generalized to three-phase rectifiers. The specific structure is shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that the basic principle of the six structures is to form a bidirectional flow channel, which is realized by changing the arrangement of the diodes and the switching tubes. The flow sequence and the on/off of the switching tube are basically similar to the above analysis, and no specific analysis is performed here.
Claims (2)
1. A novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier comprises a single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge, a filter and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge, and is characterized in that: the single-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier bridge comprises a diode D3、D4、D5、D6And a rectifying portion formed by connection, wherein:
diode D4Cathode-connected diode D3Anode, diode D6Cathode-connected diode D5An anode;
diode D3Cathode, diode D5The cathodes are all connected with an inductor L1One terminal, inductor L1The other end is connected with the anode of a diode D7 and a switching tube SFaA drain electrode;
diode D4Anode, diode D6The anodes are all connected with an inductor L2One terminal, inductor L2The other end is connected with a switch tube SFaSource, diode D8 cathode;
diode D4A cathode connected to one end of an AC power supply, a diode D6The cathode is connected with the other end of the alternating current power supply;
the cathode of the diode D7, the anode of the diode D8 and the load R respectivelyLTwo ends are connected;
the filter comprises a filter inductor L, and the filter inductor L is connected between an alternating current power supply and a VIENNA modified rectifier bridge in series;
the VIENNA modified rectifier bridge comprises a diode D1、D2Capacitor Cp、CnTwo oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2；
Diode D1Anode connected diode D2Cathode, diode D1、D2The connecting point is connected with the other end of the filter inductor L, and one end of the filter inductor L is connected with one end of an alternating current power supply;
diode D1、D2The connecting point is connected with two oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2One end of two Mos tubes S connected in series reversely1、S2The other ends are respectively connected with a capacitor CpOne terminal, capacitor CnOne terminal, capacitor CpAnother terminal, a capacitor CnThe other ends are respectively connected with a load RLTwo ends;
diode D1Cathode connection capacitor CpThe other end, diode D2Anode connected capacitor CnThe other end;
two oppositely-connected Mos tubes S1、S2The other end is connected with the other end of the alternating current power supply;
the single-cycle control of the single-phase hybrid three-level rectifier comprises the following control processes:
in steady state, the output voltage voAt a constant value, the sum v is obtained through a voltage feedback networkoProportional error signal vm(ii) a V is obtained by a fast integratorintAt the same time vmAnd vintSending into a subtracter to obtain a current control reference signal Vc＝Vm-Vint(ii) a At the beginning of each starting period, the trigger is triggered by the clock, the switch tube is conducted, the inductor stores energy, the inductor current rises, and the inductor current and the V are connectedcTogether fed into a comparator, when i is equal to VcWhen the next clock signal arrives, the switch tube is conducted again to start the modulation of the next period.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the output voltage is sampled and sent to an error amplifier to obtain an error signal, or a voltage PI controller is added to enable the voltage at the direct current side to be rapidly converged and stabilized near an expected value; after comparison by the comparator, a gate control signal is generated by the trigger to drive the switching on and off of the Mos tube, so that the current changes according to a sine regulation and is in the same phase with the input voltage, the two rectifiers are controlled by two independent gate control signals, and the two Mos tubes of the rectifier II are controlled by the same signal; after the two rectifiers are controlled in a single period, input currents of the two rectifiers are subjected to sine, and finally, a network side input current i is subjected to sine; the power division of the two rectifiers is achieved by varying the factor by which the input current is multiplied.
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