CN107821265A - 一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,选择靠近水源、水质清新、进排水方便的池塘,先抽干水曝晒,然后过滤注水,用生石灰溶化后全池泼洒,种植水草,清明节前后投放活螺蛳;放养前用腐熟的有机肥加少量生石灰肥水,并施有机肥或复合肥。选择体质健壮、无伤病的幼蟹苗,先用食盐水溶液浸洗,然后放养到池塘中,再放养鳜鱼种。5‑7月份投喂糊状饼类、小杂鱼、螺蛳、豆渣、配合饵料;8‑10月份投喂人工配合饵料及水草,增加动物性饵料的投喂;白天少投傍晚多投,在池边浅水处进行投喂。做好防逃工作,经常检查防逃设施,观察有无逃走的痕迹,检查是否有洞与外界河沟、稻田相通,出水口的拦护设备要注意更换。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及螃蟹养殖领域,具体涉及一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法。
背景技术
螃蟹因其营养高、味道鲜美而深受消费者青睐。随着生活水平的提高,螃蟹的消费也是日益增长。池塘养殖螃蟹成为农民朋友的致富好门路。当然,池塘养殖螃蟹需要一定的技术,同时还要懂得一些管理措施。
螃蟹一般居住在较为潮湿的环境内,对于生长环境的水质有较高的要求,养殖螃蟹时应对养殖环境的水质做好清洁工作,布置较为茂盛的水草,使螃蟹能够小范围的活动,因为螃蟹的生活习惯一般是昼伏夜出,基本的活动就是在挖穴,
这不仅是螃蟹的生活习惯,也是一种基本的技能、御敌方式。因此,在布置养殖环境的时候需要做好这方面的准备工作。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,依照该方法套养螃蟹和鳜鱼,两者不相残,具有互补作用,可充分利用池塘的水体空间。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘的选择、消毒与构建:
选择靠近水源、水质清新、进排水方便的池塘,池深1.2-1.5m,池塘淤泥≤10cm,先抽干水曝晒15-20d,用60目筛绢过滤注水30-50cm,每亩用100-150kg生石灰溶化后全池泼洒,在2月底3月初种植水草,水草覆盖面积占蟹池总面积的30-50%,在清明节前后每亩投放活螺蛳300-500kg;
施肥培水:在螃蟹放养前15-20d,用腐熟的有机肥加少量生石灰堆在池塘边水深30-40cm处肥水,每亩施100-200kg有机肥或10-15kg复合肥;
(2)苗种的选择与放养:
选择体质健壮、无伤病的幼蟹苗,规格为90-120只/kg,在5月中旬,先将幼蟹苗用3-4%的食盐水溶液浸洗3-5min,然后放养到池塘中,在6月中旬每亩放养4-7cm的鳜鱼种20-50尾;
(3)饲料的投喂与管理:
5-7月份日投饵料量为5-8%,可投喂糊状饼类、小杂鱼、螺蛳、豆渣、配合饵料;8-10月份日投饵料量为10-12%,可投喂人工配合饵料及水草,增加动物性饵料的投喂;白天少投傍晚多投,在池边浅水处进行投喂;
(4)养殖管理:
水质管理:池塘透明度为30-50cm,溶解氧≥5mg/L,pH值在7-8中性偏碱性,氨氮≤0.2mg/L,每5-7d注水一次,每10-15d换水一次;
鱼病的预防及治疗:每隔15-20d每亩用10-15kg生石灰全池泼洒消毒,每月每亩使用一次三氯异氰脲酸或二氧化氯消毒剂。
其中,步骤(1)中水草包括轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻、菹草。步骤(2)中每亩放养幼蟹苗500-600只。步骤(3)中将饵料用大蒜素拌匀后投喂。
本发明的反应机理及有益效果如下:
池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼,两者不相残,具有互补作用,可充分利用池塘的水体空间,野杂鱼类吃食河蟹残饵,鳜鱼捕食野杂鱼类,解决了野杂鱼类与河蟹争食、争溶氧的问题,更有利于河蟹生长;在池塘中种植水草,不仅对河蟹有保护作用,而且有利于鳜鱼捕食饵料鱼;鳜鱼规格不能过小,否则下塘后难以捕食到适口的天然饵料鱼,成活率低;规格也不能过大,否则成本高,对河蟹生长有一定影响;傍晚投喂量多,以满足河蟹昼伏夜出觅食的习性;用大蒜素药物拌饵料投喂,可有效地防止蟹病发生。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘的选择、消毒与构建:
选择靠近水源、水质清新、进排水方便的池塘,池深1.2-1.5m,池塘淤泥≤10cm,先抽干水曝晒15d,用60目筛绢过滤注水30cm,每亩用100kg生石灰溶化后全池泼洒,在2月底3月初种植水草,水草覆盖面积占蟹池总面积的30%,在清明节前后每亩投放活螺蛳300kg;
施肥培水:在螃蟹放养前15d,用腐熟的有机肥加少量生石灰堆在池塘边水深30cm处肥水,每亩施100kg有机肥或10kg复合肥;
(2)苗种的选择与放养:
选择体质健壮、无伤病的幼蟹苗,规格为90只/kg,在5月中旬,先将幼蟹苗用3%的食盐水溶液浸洗3min,然后放养到池塘中,在6月中旬每亩放养4-7cm的鳜鱼种20尾;
(3)饲料的投喂与管理:
5-7月份日投饵料量为5%,可投喂糊状饼类、小杂鱼、螺蛳、豆渣、配合饵料;8-10月份日投饵料量为10%,可投喂人工配合饵料及水草,增加动物性饵料的投喂;白天少投傍晚多投,在池边浅水处进行投喂;
(4)养殖管理:
水质管理:池塘透明度为40cm,溶解氧5mg/L,pH值在7-8中性偏碱性,氨氮0.2mg/L,每5d注水一次,每10d换水一次;
鱼病的预防及治疗:每隔15d每亩用10kg生石灰全池泼洒消毒,每月每亩使用一次三氯异氰脲酸或二氧化氯消毒剂。
其中,步骤(1)中水草包括轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻、菹草。步骤(2)中每亩放养幼蟹苗500只。步骤(3)中将饵料用大蒜素拌匀后投喂。
Claims (5)
1.一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于:选择靠近水源、水质清新、进排水方便的池塘,先抽干水曝晒,然后过滤注水,用生石灰溶化后全池泼洒,种植水草,清明节前后投放活螺蛳;放养前用腐熟的有机肥加少量生石灰肥水,并施有机肥或复合肥;选择体质健壮、无伤病的幼蟹苗,先用食盐水溶液浸洗,然后放养到池塘中,再放养鳜鱼种;5-7月份投喂糊状饼类、小杂鱼、螺蛳、豆渣、配合饵料;8-10月份投喂人工配合饵料及水草,增加动物性饵料的投喂;白天少投傍晚多投,在池边浅水处进行投喂;做好防逃工作,经常检查防逃设施,观察有无逃走的痕迹,检查是否有洞与外界河沟、稻田相通,出水口的拦护设备要注意更换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)池塘的选择、消毒与构建:
选择靠近水源、水质清新、进排水方便的池塘,池深1.2-1.5m,池塘淤泥≤10cm,先抽干水曝晒15-20d,用60目筛绢过滤注水30-50cm,每亩用100-150kg生石灰溶化后全池泼洒,在2月底3月初种植水草,水草覆盖面积占蟹池总面积的30-50%,在清明节前后每亩投放活螺蛳300-500kg;
施肥培水:在螃蟹放养前15-20d,用腐熟的有机肥加少量生石灰堆在池塘边水深30-40cm处肥水,每亩施100-200kg有机肥或10-15kg复合肥;
(2)苗种的选择与放养:
选择体质健壮、无伤病的幼蟹苗,规格为90-120只/kg,在5月中旬,先将幼蟹苗用3-4%的食盐水溶液浸洗3-5min,然后放养到池塘中,在6月中旬每亩放养4-7cm的鳜鱼种20-50尾;
饲料的投喂与管理:
5-7月份日投饵料量为5-8%,可投喂糊状饼类、小杂鱼、螺蛳、豆渣、配合饵料;8-10月份日投饵料量为10-12%,可投喂人工配合饵料及水草,增加动物性饵料的投喂;白天少投傍晚多投,在池边浅水处进行投喂;
(4)养殖管理:
水质管理:池塘透明度为30-50cm,溶解氧≥5mg/L,pH值在7-8中性偏碱性,氨氮≤0.2mg/L,每5-7d注水一次,每10-15d换水一次;
鱼病的预防及治疗:每隔15-20d每亩用10-15kg生石灰全池泼洒消毒,每月每亩使用一次三氯异氰脲酸或二氧化氯消毒剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中水草包括轮叶黑藻、苦草、伊乐藻、菹草。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中每亩放养幼蟹苗500-600只。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种池塘养殖螃蟹套养优质鳜鱼的生态养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中将饵料用大蒜素拌匀后投喂。
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