CN107778373A - The extracting method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in a kind of Cordyceps militaris - Google Patents
The extracting method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in a kind of Cordyceps militaris Download PDFInfo
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- CN107778373A CN107778373A CN201610779816.8A CN201610779816A CN107778373A CN 107778373 A CN107778373 A CN 107778373A CN 201610779816 A CN201610779816 A CN 201610779816A CN 107778373 A CN107778373 A CN 107778373A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/173—Purine radicals with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the highly effective extraction method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in field of plant extraction, more particularly to a kind of Cordyceps militaris.(1)In NTQ NTQ multi-stage counter current extraction tanks, the Cordyceps militaris powder of pretreatment is added;(2)The distilled water that weight is 23 times of Cordyceps militaris powder weight is poured into, as entrainer, is well mixed;(3)The pressure of extractor is set as 20 30Mpa, under conditions of temperature is 40 50 DEG C, carries out 3 grades of extractions, every grade extracts 2 hours;(4)Continuously separated using knockout drum, extract Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide;(5)Alcohol precipitation processing is carried out in Alcohol-settling tank;(6)Centrifugal treating;(7)Reclaim ethanol;(8)Extract cordycepin.Extracting method advantage is recovery rate height, and cost is low, green.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high efficiency extraction of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in field of plant extraction, more particularly to a kind of Cordyceps militaris
Method.
Background technology
Cordyceps militaris also known as northern Chinese caterpillar Fungus, Cordceps militaris etc., xenogenesis is belonged to together with cordyceps sinensis, be Cordyceps kind, belong to ascus
Bacterium subphylum Cordyceps, it is that it colonizes on Insecta Lepidoptera noctuid pupal cell answering for the stroma that is grown and ossified pupal cell
It is fit.Years of researches show Cordyceps militaris a variety of pharmacological activity such as have immunological regulation antitumor, antiviral, anti-infective, extensively
For tumour, immunologic hypofunction including HIV infection etc. in a variety of diseases.
At present, the transformation with concept with the quickening pace of modern life, people increasingly focus on itself health care.Cordyceps militaris
As one kind food, medicine dual-purpose fungi, its active ingredient is such as cordycepin, Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide in each side such as medical treatment, health care, dietotherapies
All there is remarkable efficacy, therefore the developmental research of cordyceps militaris series products should be taken seriously.Relevant research shows, riched Cordyceps Militaris
Containing a variety of biological active components, such as cordycepin, Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide, adenosine etc..Wherein Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide, which has, improves immunity, prolongs
Slow aging, strengthens the body resistance to consolidate the constitution, cardioprotection, liver, the effect of anti-convulsion;Cordycepin is as a kind of interference gene cell RNA and DNA
Synthesis material, suppress the division of abnormal cell, and can be as the instrument of RNA polymerase different in difference cell, to virus
Property disease cells produce monitoring, prevent the generation and duplication of virocyte in vivo;The effect of cordycepin is from the source of gene
Set out, comprehensive, whole process protection and response to treatment are produced to human body particularly liver, it can protect liver cell normally to increase
Grow, and can directly removes virus, into nucleus, makes the virocytes such as hepatitis type B virus AIDS virus, influenza without being buried
Institute, produce the ability with bidirectional modulation immune response, turn into the jinx of viral disease.
The method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide in tradition extraction Cordyceps militaris, such as decocting method, circumfluence method, continuous backflow method, infusion process, diacolation
Method etc., being known can be in detail.But the shortcomings that this several method the has one jointly production cycle is grown;Tradition extraction Cordyceps militaris
The method of middle cordycepin, if water bath reflux method, ultrasound assisted extraction method, soxhlet extraction are extracting technology, it is necessary to a large amount of
Extraction solvent, extracting efficiency is low.And have that energy resource consumption is big, and extract yield is relatively low, production cost is higher and shortcoming.
Therefore the extraction process of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin is further studied, so as to improve its recovery rate, there is important economic value
With wide market application potential.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin.This method can
With high efficiency extraction Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin, and production cost is reduced, be adapted to industrialized production.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin, including
Following steps.
(1)Cordyceps militaris pre-processes:From high-quality fruiting bodies of cordyceps militaris, in the workshop that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed, put
On the workbench that 75% alcohol disinfecting is crossed;Cordyceps militaris impurity and root culture medium are removed meticulously, and the Cordyceps militaris of select is placed in
In the stainless steel pallet of 75% alcohol disinfecting, the purge chamber pond that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed is moved into, carries out flowing water flushing;Then refill
Enter stainless steel pallet, be placed in heated-air circulation oven and toast so that water content is less than 10%;Cordyceps militaris will be dried to be placed on
Crushed in the boulder crusher that 75% alcohol nuzzles up clearly, that is, Cordyceps militaris powder is made.
(2)Dispensing, multitple extraction:In multi-stage counter current extraction tank, the Cordyceps militaris powder of pretreatment is added;It is pupa to pour into weight
The distilled water of 2-3 times of cordyceps sinensis powder weight, as entrainer, it is well mixed;It is 20-30Mpa in the pressure of multitple extraction tank, temperature
Under conditions of 40-50 DEG C, multitple extraction is carried out, every grade of extraction kettle of multi-stage counter current extraction tank carries settling tank, every grade of extraction knot
Settled after beam, sedimentation time 30min, upper layer of extraction liquid is collected after sedimentation, lower floor's extract is then placed in next stage
In extraction kettle, and the distilled water that weight is 2-3 times of Cordyceps militaris powder weight is filled into, repeat extraction and infall process, carry out 3 grades of extractions altogether
Take, every grade extracts 2 hours, finally merges the upper layer of extraction liquid of every grade of extraction.
(3)Separating treatment:By step(2)Obtained extract is continuously separated with knockout drum, in separation process by other not
The composition of dissolving filters out, and isolates the aqueous solution containing Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide.
(4)Alcohol precipitation processing:The aqueous solution is placed in Alcohol-settling tank, the concentration for adding 4 times of volumes of the aqueous solution is 80-95% second
Alcohol, handled 1 hour in carrying out alcohol precipitation in Alcohol-settling tank, until producing flocculent deposit;Brine ice is passed through in circulation in Alcohol-settling tank chuck,
The temperature of brine ice is -2 DEG C -0 DEG C, and after handling 5 hours, precipitation is complete.
(5)Centrifugation, dry:By step(4)Obtained precipitation is put into supercentrifuge, is 4000 turns/min bars in rotating speed
Under part, 10min is centrifuged, Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide precipitation is obtained, through low-temperature vacuum freeze drier(Temperature sets -80 DEG C)It is small to be freeze-dried 24
When, ambient temperature is 26 DEG C, obtains Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product.
(6)It is distilled to recover ethanol:The supernatant that centrifuge is isolated is imported in alembic, in 62 DEG C in alembic,
Under the conditions of 1800Pa, the supernatant is subjected to vacuum distillation and is concentrated into the 20% of supernatant volume, reclaims ethanol organic entrainment agent,
The ethanol of recovery is stored in closed container.
(7)Freezing, dry:By step(6)Residue in the alembic after ethanol is reclaimed, it is cold using vacuum freeze drier
It is lyophilized dry(Temperature is -80 DEG C, time 1-5h), obtain cordycepin product.
Beneficial effects of the present invention.
The extracting method advantage of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin of the present invention is recovery rate height, and cost is low, green.
The present invention is extracted using NTQ-NTQ multi-stage counter current extraction tanks three-level, and does entrainer with distilled water, due to Cordyceps militaris
In polysaccharide it is soluble in water, thus may be such that the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide composition extracted is soluble in water rapidly, it is not only cost-effective, and
And organic solvent residual will not be caused, more conducively later stage separation alcoholization.Purpose is Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in extraction temperature 40-
50 DEG C, pressure 20-30Mpa is soluble in water, and the cost of water is well below any organic solvent, and cordyceps sinensis will not be caused more
The residual of organic solvent in sugar and cordycepin, and ethanol is recovered under reduced pressure after alcohol extracting, ethanol recovery reaches 88-
90%, environment will not be polluted.This extraction process is green, will not bring injury to the Health and Living environment of the mankind.
Cordyceps militaris powder includes active ingredient and nutritional ingredient, but other active ingredients need more than 70 DEG C just can be in water
Dissolving, only both active ingredients are soluble in water, therefore can take continuous extraction mode, successively extract both
Active ingredient;The method extracted using three-level, and the brine ice that temperature is -2 DEG C -0 DEG C, processing are passed through in Alcohol-settling tank chuck
5 hours, make precipitation more complete, and then improve the recovery rate of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide.It is left that the recovery rate of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide is brought up to 25%
The right side, and the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide extracted using ordinary single-stage biological method, recovery rate are generally 15% or so.By to extraction process
Investigation and optimization design, the optimum extraction process of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide is determined, take the multistage technical approach continuously extracted, avoid tradition
Extracting method causes the waste of raw material, and the output value is increased to 265 yuan/kg by 230 yuan/kg of original technique, cost by
Originally 110 yuan/kg of technique is down to 98 yuan/kg, has greatly saved cost, obtains preferable economic benefit.And using three
Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide content reaches more than 60% in the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product that the method for level extraction obtains(Remaining composition is nutritional ingredient, example
Such as vitamin, amino acid etc.), cordycepin content reaches more than 3% in the cordycepin product of extraction(Remaining composition is nutritional ingredient,
Such as vitamin, amino acid etc.);And Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide content is 30% in the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product of ordinary single-stage biological method extraction
Left and right, cordycepin content is less than 1% in cordycepin product.As can be seen here, the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin product that the present invention is extracted
In terms of medical value, possess unprecedented breakthrough.
The cordycepin extracted using ordinary single-stage biological method, recovery rate are generally 1 ‰ to 2 ‰, the present invention by using
The method extraction cordycepin of three-level continuous extraction, can bring up to more than 3 ‰ by the recovery rate of cordycepin;Not only avoid repeating to make
Waste caused by with organic extractant, and the output value is increased to 1500 yuan/kg, cost by 1200 yuan/kg of original technique
640 yuan/kg is down to by 850 yuan/kg of original traditional handicraft, cost has greatly been saved, has obtained preferable economic benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1.
The pretreatment concrete operations of Cordyceps militaris powder are as follows:From the high-quality fruiting bodies of cordyceps militaris 110kg purchased from peasant household, in
In the workshop that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed, it is placed on the workbench that 75% alcohol disinfecting is crossed;Operator wears disposable cap
Son, mouth mask and gloves enter operation room, remove Cordyceps militaris impurity and root culture medium meticulously, the Cordyceps militaris of select is placed in
In the stainless steel pallet of 75% alcohol disinfecting, the purge chamber pond that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed is moved into, carries out flowing water flushing;Then refill
Enter stainless steel pallet, be placed in baking 8 hours in 70 DEG C of heated-air circulation ovens so that water content is less than 10%;Pupa will be dried
Cordyceps sinensis, which is placed in the boulder crusher that 75% alcohol nuzzles up clearly, is ground into 0.5cm segments, that is, Cordyceps militaris powder 105kg is made.
The extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin, comprises the following steps.(1)Extract in NTQ-NTQ multi-stage countercurrents
Take in tank, add the Cordyceps militaris powder 100kg of pretreatment;(2)The distilled water that weight is 3 times of Cordyceps militaris powder weight is poured into, as folder
Band agent, is well mixed;(3)The pressure of extractor is set as 25Mpa, under conditions of temperature is 45 DEG C, carries out multitple extraction,
Every grade of extraction kettle of multi-stage counter current extraction tank carries settling tank, and every grade of extraction is settled after terminating, sedimentation time 30min, sunk
Upper layer of extraction liquid is collected after drop, then lower floor's extract is placed in next stage extraction kettle, and it is Cordyceps militaris powder weight to fill into weight
The distilled water of 3 times of amount, extraction and infall process are repeated, carry out 3 grades of extractions altogether, every grade extracts 2 hours, finally merges every grade of extraction
Upper layer of extraction liquid;(4)By the aqueous solution of merging, the aqueous solution containing Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide is continuously isolated using knockout drum,
Other active ingredients not soluble in water are filtered out in separation process;(5)The aqueous solution isolated is placed in Alcohol-settling tank, adds water
95% ethanol of 4 times of volumes of solution, handled 1 hour in carrying out alcohol precipitation in Alcohol-settling tank, until flocculent deposit is produced, in Alcohol-settling tank
Circulation brine ice is passed through in chuck, under the conditions of temperature is -2 DEG C, places 5h, precipitation is complete;(6)Precipitation is placed in supercentrifuge
In, 10min is centrifuged under the conditions of rotating speed is 4000 turns/min, Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide precipitation is obtained, through low-temperature vacuum freeze drier(Temperature
- 80 DEG C of setting)Freeze-drying 24 hours, ambient temperature are 26 DEG C, obtain Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product 25kg;(7)By centrifuge point
The supernatant separated out is imported in alembic, and in 62 DEG C in alembic, under the conditions of 1800Pa, the supernatant is evaporated under reduced pressure
The 20% of supernatant volume is concentrated into, reclaims ethanol organic entrainment agent(It is step that recovery, which obtains ethanol volume,(5)Middle Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide
3.6 times of the aqueous solution), the ethanol of recovery is stored in closed container;(8)By remaining articles in tank, it is cold to be placed in -80 DEG C of vacuum
Lyophilizer, it is freeze-dried to obtain cordycepin product 0.35kg or so.The recovery rate of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide is 25%, the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide of extraction
Content reaches more than 60%;The recovery rate of cordycepin is 3.5 ‰, and the cordycepin content of extraction reaches more than 3%, organic solvent recovery
Rate reaches 90%.
1. using traditional single-stage biology extraction and multi-stage biological extraction extractive technique extraction Cordyceps militaris(Embodiment 1
Repetitive operation 3 times), the comparison of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product and cordycepin product extraction yield, as a result as shown in table 1.
The comparison of the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product of table 1 and cordycepin product extraction yield.
As a result show, the cordycepin recovery rate that Cordyceps militaris is extracted using the multi-stage biological extraction extractive technique of the present invention is put down
It is 3.6 ‰, 1.5 one-tenth of a percentage point is higher by than traditional single-stage biology extraction recovery rate;Extracted using the multi-stage biological of the present invention
The Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide recovery rate average out to 25.2% of extractive technique extraction Cordyceps militaris is followed the example of, is extracted than traditional single-stage biology extraction
Rate is higher by 9 percentage points.
2. using traditional single-stage biology extraction and multi-stage biological extraction extractive technique extraction Cordyceps militaris(Embodiment 1
Repetitive operation 3 times), quality versus's result of obtained each medicinal ingredient is as shown in table 2.
The content balance of the cordycepin of table 2 and Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide.
As a result show, the cordycepin content that Cordyceps militaris is extracted using the multi-stage biological extraction extractive technique of the present invention is reached
More than 3%, the content obtained than traditional single-stage biology extraction is higher by nearly 2.5 percentage points;Using the multi-stage biological of the present invention
The Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide content of extraction extractive technique extraction Cordyceps militaris reaches more than 65%, is obtained than traditional single-stage biology extraction
Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide content be higher by 35 percentage points.It can be seen that Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin product that the present invention is extracted are in medical value
Aspect, possess unprecedented breakthrough.
Claims (9)
1. the extracting method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in a kind of Cordyceps militaris, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:(1)Pupa worm
Grass pretreatment;(2)Dispensing, multitple extraction;(3)Separating treatment;(4)Alcohol precipitation processing;(5)Centrifugation, dry;(6)It is distilled to recover second
Alcohol;(7)Freezing, dry.
2. Cordyceps militaris pretreatment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that be specially:From high-quality fruiting bodies of cordyceps militaris, in
In the workshop that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed, it is placed on the workbench that 75% alcohol disinfecting is crossed;Cordyceps militaris impurity and root are removed meticulously
Portion's culture medium, the Cordyceps militaris of select is placed in the stainless steel pallet of 95% alcohol disinfecting, moves into the cleaning that disinfection by ultraviolet light is crossed
Room pond, carry out flowing water flushing;Then stainless steel pallet is reloaded into, is placed in heated-air circulation oven and toasts so that water content
Less than 10%;Cordyceps militaris will be dried it is placed in the boulder crusher that 95% alcohol nuzzles up clearly and crush, that is, Cordyceps militaris powder is made.
3. Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that described dispensing, multitple extraction:
In multi-stage counter current extraction tank, the Cordyceps militaris powder of pretreatment is added;It is the distillation that Cordyceps militaris powder product is 2-3 times to pour into volume
Water, as entrainer, it is well mixed;It is 20-30Mpa in the pressure of multitple extraction tank, under conditions of temperature is 40-50 DEG C, enters
Row multitple extraction, every grade of extraction kettle of multi-stage counter current extraction tank carry settling tank, and every grade of extraction is settled after terminating, the sedimentation time
For 30min, upper layer of extraction liquid is collected after sedimentation, then lower floor's extract is placed in next stage extraction kettle, and fills into weight and is
The distilled water of 2-3 times of Cordyceps militaris powder weight, repeat extraction and infall process, altogether carry out 5 grades extraction, every grade extract 3 hours, finally
Merge the upper layer of extraction liquid of every grade of extraction.
4. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that described separation
Processing:By step(1)Obtained extract is continuously separated with knockout drum, filters other undissolved compositions in separation process
Fall, isolate the aqueous solution containing Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide.
5. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that described alcohol precipitation
Processing:The aqueous solution is placed in Alcohol-settling tank, the concentration for adding 4 times of volumes is 80-95% ethanol, in carrying out alcohol precipitation in Alcohol-settling tank
Processing 1 hour, until producing flocculent deposit;Brine ice is passed through in circulation in Alcohol-settling tank chuck, the temperature of brine ice is 2 DEG C -0
DEG C, after handling 5 hours, precipitation is complete.
6. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that it is described from
The heart, drying:By step(4)Obtained precipitation is put into supercentrifuge, under the conditions of rotating speed is 4000 turns/min, centrifugation
10min, Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide precipitation is obtained, through low-temperature vacuum freeze drier(Temperature sets -80 DEG C)Freeze-drying 24 hours, extraneous ring
Border temperature is 26 DEG C, obtains Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide product.
7. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that described distillation
Reclaim ethanol:The supernatant that centrifuge is isolated is imported in alembic,, will under the conditions of 1800MPa in 62 DEG C in alembic
The supernatant carries out being evaporated under reduced pressure 20 times that are concentrated into supernatant volume, reclaims ethanol organic entrainment agent, the ethanol of recovery is protected
It is stored in closed container.
8. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that described is cold
Freeze, dry:Step(6)It is cordycepin product to reclaim residue in the tank after ethanol, is freezed using vacuum freeze drier dry
It is dry(Temperature is -80 DEG C, time 1-5h), obtain cordycepin product.
9. the extracting method of Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and cordycepin, it is characterised in that Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide
Recovery rate is 25%, and the Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide content of extraction reaches more than 60%;The recovery rate of cordycepin is 3.5 ‰, the cordycepin of extraction
Content reaches more than 3%, and the organic solvent rate of recovery reaches 90%.
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CN109810201A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-28 | 江南大学 | The ultrasonic wave combination of acidic water extracting method of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide and cordycepin in a kind of Cordyceps militaris |
CN112167613A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-05 | 玉林市益康菌业种植有限公司 | A method for enriching nutrition of Ganoderma |
CN117099612A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-24 | 西藏月王药诊生态藏药科技有限公司 | Cordyceps militaris cultivation and purification method |
CN117099612B (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-03-26 | 西藏月王药诊生态藏药科技有限公司 | Cordyceps militaris cultivation and purification method |
CN117941830A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-30 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Eucommia ulmoides and cordyceps militaris compound product and preparation method thereof |
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