CN107748354A - Wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis - Google Patents
Wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis, digital channelizing module carries out channelizing processing respectively to the radar signal of multiple array elements of input, by high speed acquisition to radar signal be evenly distributed to subband digital beam froming module each sub-band channel carry out and meanwhile handle, subband digital beam froming module does subband Wave beam forming to the same channel of each array element, if there is K channel, need to form N number of wave beam, then the output of subband digital beam froming module is the wave beam sample point of N*K channel, channel integration module does channel synthesis to the different sub-band signal of the same wave beam by subband digital beam froming resume module, complete wide band digital beam-forming.The present invention has advantages below:It is few to take hardware resource, is easy to Project Realization, the signal waveform after broad-band EDFA is not in distortion, meets the requirement of the measurement of follow-up signal processing parameter and analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to divided in broad-band EDFA field, more particularly to a kind of electronic signal reconnaissance system based on channel
Analysis and the wide band digital beam-forming device of channel synthesis.
Background technology
Digital beam forming technology is one of key technology in phased array system, directly affects the hair of system effectiveness
Wave.At present, narrow-band digital beam-forming technology has been widely used in traditional phased array system.However, electronic signal is detectd
System is examined, system bandwidth is more and more wider, and traditional narrow-band beam, which is formed, to be no longer applicable, and this is just needed in broadband system using width
Band digital beam forming technology.It is wide meanwhile the requirement of electronic signal reconnaissance system possesses time domain, spatial domain and the wide feature opened of frequency domain
It is one of key technology for meeting these features with digital beam froming.Therefore, studying wide band digital beam-forming has weight
Want meaning.
Broadband digital beam forming method is broadly divided into time domain, frequency domain and the method in spatial domain.Broadband beamforming in time domain is adopted
With tapped delay line group structure or FIR filter group structure, it is necessary to the FIR filters of the tapped delay line or higher-order time of long length
Ripple device, hardware complexity are high.Spatial domain beam-forming technology grows up on the basis of fan-filter, required array number
Larger, the computation complexity of its innovatory algorithm is higher.Frequency domain broad-band EDFA requires relatively low to system front end, is more suitable for work
Cheng Shixian.Its thought is that broadband signal is divided into some frequency cabinets first with DFT, and arrowband ripple is done on each narrow band frequency cabinet
Beam is formed, and last inverse DFT computings obtain broad-band EDFA result in time domain.Frequency domain broad-band EDFA based on DFT is in inverse DFT
Afterwards, broadband signal waveform is distorted, and the signal transacting after Wave beam forming is had undesirable effect.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the provision of a kind of broadband signal waveform that overcomes and the base to distort occur
In the wide band digital beam-forming device of analysis and synthesis.
The present invention is that solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:A kind of broadband number based on analysis and synthesis
Word beam-forming device, including digital channelizing module, subband digital beam froming module and channel integration module, subband numeral
Wave beam forming module includes several sub-band channels, and digital channelizing module is entered respectively to the radar signal of multiple array elements of input
Row channelizing handle, by high speed acquisition to radar signal be evenly distributed to subband digital beam froming module each subband believe
Road handle simultaneously, and subband digital beam froming module does subband Wave beam forming to the same channel of each array element, if there is K letter
Road is, it is necessary to form N number of wave beam, then subband digital beam froming module output is the wave beam sample point of N*K channel, and channel integrates
Module will carry out wide band digital beam-forming by the signal with digital beam froming resume module.
As the technical scheme of optimization, each sub-band channel has independence each other.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the multiphase filtering device includes the signal extraction list for the extraction signal being sequentially connected
Member, analysis filter, DFT units and multiplier, it is K ways that signal extraction unit, which extracts the radar signal that high speed acquisition arrives,
According to then ptototype filter is decomposed into K phases and is filtered, and finally K circuit-switched datas is exported by the K points of DFT units, to every circuit-switched data
Corresponding coefficient is multiplied by, obtains the sample point of K channel.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the subband digital beam froming is on some channel, and some direction is entered
Signal is penetrated, compensates due to the phase difference for the interchannel that antenna element comes in locus different band, realizes signal in-phase stacking.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the channel integration module include sequentially connect DFT units, synthesis filter and
Signal extraction unit, it is the inverse process of channelizing, is broadband signal by multiple narrow band signals synthesis.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the formula of channel synthesis is
Wherein j=0,1 ..., M-1,The input of kth branch road is integrated for channel,
M is interpolation rate, fk(n) it is bandpass filter.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the digital channelizing module uses the multiphase filter structure that one times of mistake is adopted by broadband
Signal is divided into arrowband, and the multiphase filter structure that the channel integration module is adopted using one times of mistake synthesizes multiple narrow-band beams
Broadband beams.As the technical scheme of optimization, the input that channel integrates is divided into positive and negative two-way, multiphase by the channel integration module
During filtering, according to the odd even of every phase filter numbering, select corresponding data is corresponding with filter coefficient to be multiplied.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the input that channel integrates is divided into two-way by the channel integration module, will wherein one
The coefficient on road1 is fixed as, another way coefficient is fixed as -1, after IFFT, to different multiphase exponent number fj(p) p, is worked as
For odd number when, selection multiply -1 corresponding data all the way it is corresponding with filter coefficient multiplication, when p is even number, select multiply 1 one
Circuit-switched data is corresponding with filter coefficient to be multiplied.
As the technical scheme of optimization, analysis filter used in the digital channelizing module and channel integration module with
Synthesis filter is identical.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:Filtered by inputting radar signal to each passage using analysis
Device carries out channelizing processing, and broadband signal is divided into arrowband, and analysis filter can reach higher major-minor ratio, effectively suppresses wide
Band signal overlaps problem;Formed by doing narrow-band beam to each channel after correction, form wave beam in the direction indicated;Numeral letter
Trace integration module utilizes synthesis filter, each arrowband of same sensing wave beam is synthesized into a broadband signal, so as to be formed
One broadband beams, overcome in the prior art broadband signal waveform distort, it is difficult to meet follow-up signal processing parameter measure
The problem of with the requirement of analysis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the device block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the digital channelizing schematic diagram based on multiphase filter structure.
Fig. 3 is narrow-band beam formation basic theory figure.
Fig. 4 is the channel Synthesis principle figure based on multiphase filter structure.
Fig. 5 is that signal time domain compares figure (enlarged drawing) before and after channel integrates.
Fig. 6 is approximate reconstruction filter bank sections wave filter amplitude-frequency response figure.
Fig. 7 is beamformer output signal figure.
Fig. 8 is wide band digital beam-forming beam scanning figure.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
As shown in figure 1, the wide band digital beam-forming device of the invention based on analysis and synthesis includes digital channelizing mould
Block 1, subband digital beam froming module 2 and channel integration module 3.Subband digital beam froming module 2 includes several subbands
Channel.
Digital channelizing module 1 carries out channelizing processing respectively to the radar signal of multiple array elements of input.Channelizing can
With by high speed acquisition to radar signal be evenly distributed to subband digital beam froming module 2 each sub-band channel carry out simultaneously
Processing, and there is independence each other.In engineering, digital channelizing module 1 uses the multiphase filtering based on analysis filter
Device realizes, as shown in Figure 2.In Fig. 2, the multiphase filtering device includes the signal extraction list for the extraction signal being sequentially connected
Member, analysis filter, DFT (discrete Fourier transform) units and multiplier.The thunder that signal extraction unit arrives high speed acquisition
It is K circuit-switched datas up to signal extraction, then analysis filter is decomposed into K phases and is filtered, and finally exports K by the K points of DFT units
Circuit-switched data, corresponding coefficient is multiplied by every circuit-switched data, it is possible to obtain the sample point of K channel.
Subband digital beam froming module 2 does subband Wave beam forming to the same channel of each array element, as shown in Figure 3.Due to
Digital channelizing module 1 had done channelizing processing, and when channel width is smaller, the output signal of each channel is considered as
Narrow band signal.When the bandwidth of each channel is larger, it is necessary to carry out constant beam-width processing.Subband digital beam froming is a certain
On individual channel, to some direction incoming signal, compensate due to the phase for the interchannel that antenna element comes in locus different band
Difference, signal in-phase stacking is realized, so as to realize that the ceiling capacity of the direction receives.Beam-former is made up of adder and multiplier, different
The same channel of array element is multiplied and added up with corresponding beam forming coefficients, obtains subband wave beam.If there is K channel, it is necessary to shape
Into N number of wave beam, then the output of subband digital beam froming module 2 is the wave beam sample point of N*K channel.Channel integration module 3 is
Channel integration module based on synthesis filter.The channel integration module 3 is the core of wide band digital beam-forming, and it is more
The channel Synthesis principle figure of phase filter structure is as shown in Figure 4.The channel integration module 3 includes the DFT (direct computation of DFTs sequentially connected
Leaf transformation) unit, synthesis filter and signal extraction unit, it is the inverse process of channelizing, can be comprehensive by multiple narrow band signals
It is combined into broadband signal.If the output to digital channelization block 1 directly carries out channel synthesis, generally, it is intended that
Broadband signal after reconstruction, it is the reproduction of channelizing output signal.From the principle of channel synthesis, it is comprehensive channel can be derived by
The formula of conjunction is
Wherein j=0,1 ..., M-1,The input of kth branch road, M are integrated for channel
For interpolation rate, fk(n) it is bandpass filter.
When carrying out threshold sampling, K=M, thenAnd when carrying out over-sampling, such as 2 times of mistakes are adopted, K=2M, thenAnalysis above formula is can be found that
(1)It isK points IFFT;
(2) if adopted to one times of mistake of input during K=2M, i.e. channelizing, then have
(3)After being exported for IFFT, the multiphase filtering result of synthesis filter.
The heterogeneous structure formula integrated according to channel, the realization of channel synthesis are that the basis of certain coefficient is being multiplied by input
On, joint IFFT is done to each channel data.Then to IFFT output datas, half channel is only taken, Zai Duige roads carry out multiphase filter
Ripple, each road Sequential output, obtain the output result of channel synthesis.When analysis filter and synthesis filter be designed as completely/it is near
During like reconfigurable filter, channel synthesis output result is the reproduction of channelizing input signal.The front and rear comparison diagram of channel synthesis
As shown in Figure 5.
In channel aggregative formula,It is a relative variable, it is unrelated with time scale r, is letter
Taoist monastic name k and relative time delay p function.I.e. for odd-numbered channels data flowThe difference in relative time delay,Have 1 and-
1 two kinds of possibility.Therefore, for the convenience that FPGA is realized, the input that channel integrates can be divided into two-way, by coefficient wherein all the way1 is fixed as, another way coefficient is fixed as -1.After IFFT, to different multiphase exponent number fj(p), when p is odd number,
Selection multiplies -1 multiplication corresponding with filter coefficient of corresponding data all the way, and when p is even number, selection multiplies 1 circuit-switched data and filter
Ripple device coefficient is corresponding to be multiplied.
In the embodiment, the design of analysis filter and synthesis filter is that channelizing and channel integrate an important part
The present embodiment uses partly overlapping uniform wave filter group.Designed using over-sampling, reduce the spectral aliasing of signal after extracting, make
Aliasing frequency is in filter stop bend, can reduce wave filter design complexities, and the flexibility for designing wave filter is higher.Prototype
Wave filter uses the method based on least square, and filter coefficient is obtained by multiple iterative optimization.Due to the optimization of wave filter
Algorithm is complicated, unsuitable Project Realization, the ptototype filter coefficient that the present embodiment is needed by matlab Software for Design, and will filtering
Device coefficient is present in RAM, and filtering is realized by reading the filter coefficient in RAM.Analysis and synthesis in the present embodiment is former
Mode filter is identical, and channelizing all adopts design with channel synthesis based on one times of mistake.According to the wave filter group of this method design such as
Shown in Fig. 6.
By digital channelizing module 1, subband digital beam froming module 2 and channel integration module 3, broadband can be obtained
The output result of digital beam froming, output signal are as shown in Figure 7.From figure 7 it can be seen that the signal after broad-band EDFA is not
Distort, maintain the integrality of signal, handled available for back end signal signal detection, parameter measurement etc..To arrival bearing
It is scanned, the beam scanning figure of wide band digital beam-forming can be obtained, as shown in Figure 8.In Fig. 8 certain angle is pointed to for one
The wave beam of degree, the sensing is identical with there is provided beam position, demonstrates the correctness of the Broadband Beamforming Method.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis, it is characterised in that including digital channelizing module, Subband digital beam froming module and channel integration module, subband digital beam froming module include several sub-band channels, number Word channelization block carries out channelizing processing respectively to the radar signal of multiple array elements of input, and the radar that high speed acquisition is arrived is believed The each sub-band channel for number being evenly distributed to subband digital beam froming module is carried out while handled, subband digital beam froming mould Block does subband Wave beam forming to the same channel of each array element, if having K channel, it is necessary to form N number of wave beam, subband digital beam Wave beam sample point of the module output for N*K channel is formed, channel integration module will pass through band digital beam froming resume module Signal carry out wide band digital beam-forming.
- A kind of 2. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Each sub-band channel has independence each other.
- A kind of 3. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The signal extraction unit of extraction signal that the multiphase filtering device includes being sequentially connected, analysis filter, DFT units and multiply Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, it is K circuit-switched datas that signal extraction unit, which extracts the radar signal that high speed acquisition arrives, and then ptototype filter is decomposed into K phases It is filtered, finally exports K circuit-switched datas by the K points of DFT units, corresponding coefficient is multiplied by every circuit-switched data, obtains K channel Sample point.
- A kind of 4. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The subband digital beam froming is on some channel, to some direction incoming signal, is compensated because antenna element is in sky Between position different band come interchannel phase difference, realize signal in-phase stacking.
- A kind of 5. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 3, it is characterised in that The channel integration module includes DFT units, synthesis filter and the signal extraction unit sequentially connected, and it is the inverse of channelizing Process, it is broadband signal by multiple narrow band signals synthesis.
- A kind of 6. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 5, it is characterised in that Channel synthesis formula be<mrow> <msub> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>K</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <msub> <msup> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mo>&prime;</mo> </msup> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>W</mi> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <msubsup> <mi>W</mi> <mi>K</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>}</mo> </mrow>Wherein j=0,1 ..., M-1, The input of kth branch road is integrated for channel, M is interpolation Rate, fk(n) it is bandpass filter.
- A kind of 7. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 6, it is characterised in that Broadband signal is divided into arrowband, the channel synthesis by the digital channelizing module using the multiphase filter structure that one times of mistake is adopted Multiple narrow-band beams are synthesized broadband beams by the multiphase filter structure that module is adopted using one times of mistake.
- A kind of 8. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 6, it is characterised in that The input that channel integrates is divided into positive and negative two-way by the channel integration module, during multiphase filtering, is numbered according to every phase filter Odd even, select corresponding data is corresponding with filter coefficient to be multiplied.
- A kind of 9. wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 8, it is characterised in that The input that channel integrates is divided into two-way by the channel integration module, by coefficient wherein all the way1 is fixed as, another way system Number is fixed as -1, after IFFT, to different multiphase exponent number fj(p), when p is odd number, selection multiplies -1 and corresponded to all the way Data are corresponding with filter coefficient to be multiplied, and when p is even number, selection multiplies 1 circuit-switched data multiplication corresponding with filter coefficient.
- 10. a kind of wide band digital beam-forming device based on analysis and synthesis according to claim 5, its feature exist In the analysis filter used in the digital channelizing module and channel integration module is identical with synthesis filter.
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