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CN107735297B - 车辆的控制方法及车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents

车辆的控制方法及车辆的控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107735297B
CN107735297B CN201580080859.0A CN201580080859A CN107735297B CN 107735297 B CN107735297 B CN 107735297B CN 201580080859 A CN201580080859 A CN 201580080859A CN 107735297 B CN107735297 B CN 107735297B
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China
Prior art keywords
motor generator
motor
torque
clutch
target
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Application number
CN201580080859.0A
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English (en)
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CN107735297A (zh
Inventor
吉冈阳子
小泽有树
安藤孝夫
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L9/00Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/18Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027Drive off, accelerating from standstill
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/20Reducing vibrations in the driveline
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
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    • Y10S903/946Characterized by control of driveline clutch

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Abstract

在车辆停止时停止电动发电机,通过来自电动式油泵的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放并维持摩擦离合器,在请求电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,当使电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,限制为比可维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩。

Description

车辆的控制方法及车辆的控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的控制方法及车辆的控制装置。
背景技术
专利文献1中公开有如下的技术,在具备将电动发电机与驱动轮之间的扭矩传递进行断开、连接的摩擦离合器的车辆中,在车辆停止中将电动发电机的转速维持成规定的转速。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:(日本)特开2013-189136号公报
发明所要解决的课题
但是,上述现有技术中,车辆停止中也驱动电动发电机,因此,存在燃耗率改善的余地。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供能够改善电动发电机的燃耗率的车辆的控制方法及车辆的控制装置。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明中,在车辆停止时使电动发电机停止,通过来自电动式油泵的工作油压,以完成(填满)无效行程的状态释放并维持摩擦离合器,在请求电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,当使电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,限制为比能够维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩。
具体地,本发明提供一种车辆的控制方法,该车辆具备:摩擦离合器,其能够切换电动发电机与驱动轮之间的联接和释放;机械式油泵,其由所述电动发电机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;电动式油泵,其由电动机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压,其中,在车辆停止时使所述电动发电机停止,通过来自所述电动式油泵的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放并维持所述摩擦离合器,在请求所述电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,当使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,进行扭矩限制,将扭矩限制为比可维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩,在检测到所述摩擦离合器滑移的情况下,解除所述扭矩限制。
本发明的车辆的控制装置具备:摩擦离合器,其能够切换电动发电机与驱动轮之间的联接和释放;机械式油泵,其由所述电动发电机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;电动式油泵,其由电动机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;控制部,其在车辆停止时使所述电动发电机停止,通过来自所述电动式油泵的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放并维持所述摩擦离合器,在请求所述电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,当在所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,进行扭矩限制,将扭矩限制为比可维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩,在检测到所述摩擦离合器滑移的情况下,解除所述扭矩限制。
发明效果
因此,本发明中,能够改善电动发电机的燃耗率。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的FF混合动力车辆的动力传动系统的构成图;
图2是表示实施例1的HCM20进行的电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制的流程的流程图;
图3是表示实施例1的扭矩限制作用的时间图;
图4是表示实施例2的HCM20进行的电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制的流程的流程图。
符号说明
3 电动发电机
5 第二离合器(摩擦离合器)
6 CVT(带式无级变速器)
10 前轮(驱动轮)
11 主机械油泵(机械式油泵)
16 副电动油泵(电动式油泵)
16a 电动机
20 混合控制模块(控制部)
具体实施方式
[实施例1]
[动力传动系统]
图1是实施例1的FF混合动力车辆的动力传动系统的构成图。
发动机1是以曲轴1a的旋转轴方向为车宽方向配置于前室的横置发动机。起动电动机2与设于曲轴1a的发动机起动用齿轮1b啮合。起动电动机2以未图示的12V蓄电池作为电源。12V蓄电池通过在发动机1的工作中起动电动机2作为发电机发挥作用而被充电。另外,12V蓄电池通过从未图示的锂离子蓄电池经由DC/DC转换器(未图示)供给的电力进行充电。
电动发电机3的电动机输出轴3a的一方经由第一离合器4与发动机1连结,并且另一方经由第二离合器5与带式无级变速器(CVT)6连结。电动发电机3为三相交流的永磁铁型同步电动机,以锂离子蓄电池为电源。在电动发电机3的定子线圈连接有逆变器7。逆变器7在电动发电机3的动力运转时,将来自锂离子蓄电池的直流电变换成三相交流电并向电动发电机3供给。另外,逆变器7在电动发电机3的再生时,将电动发电机3中发出的三相交流电变换成直流电而对锂离子蓄电池进行充电。
第一离合器4是能够根据供给的工作油压连续地变更联接容量的常闭的干式单片摩擦离合器。第一离合器4设于电动发电机3的壳体内。第二离合器5利用设于行星齿轮形成的CVT6的前进后退切换机构的前进离合器5a和后退制动器5b。前进离合器5a及后退制动器5b均是能够根据供给的工作油压连续地变更联接容量的常开的湿式单片摩擦离合器。以下的说明中,除单独说明的情况以外,将前进离合器5a及后退制动器5b统一称为第二离合器5。CVT6是通过根据向初级带轮6a及次级带轮6b的各缸室供给的工作油压来改变带6c的卷绕直径而得到无级的变速比的变速器。CVT6的输出轴6d经由终端减速齿轮系8、差速齿轮(未图示)及左右的驱动轴9与作为驱动轮的左右的前轮10连结。
主机械油泵(机械式油泵)11将贮存于油盘12的油吸上并加压,并向油路13a喷出。主机械油泵11利用电动机输出轴3a进行旋转驱动。喷出至油路13a的油通过舌形阀14a后,利用各比例螺线管15a、15b、15、15d、15e进行调压并作为工作油压,之后分别向第一离合器4、第二离合器5的前进离合器5a、第二离合器5的后退制动器5b、初级带轮6a及次级带轮6b供给。舌形阀14a是规定压以上时进行开阀的单向阀。
副电动油泵(电动式油泵)16将贮存于油盘12的油吸上并加压,并向油路13b喷出。副电动油泵16利用以锂离子蓄电池为电源的电动机16a进行旋转驱动。从成本及搭载性的关系来看,副电动油泵16使用喷出容量比主机械油泵11小的油泵。喷出至油路13b的油利用切换阀17向油路13c或油路13d的一方供给。切换阀17在非通电时将油路13b与油路13c连通,在通电时将油路13b与油路13d连通。供给至油路13c的油通过舌形阀14b后,利用各比例螺线管15a、15b、15、15d、15e进行调压并作为工作油压,之后分别向第一离合器4、第二离合器5的前进离合器5a、第二离合器5的后退制动器5b、初级带轮6a及次级带轮6b供给。舌形阀14b是规定压以上时进行开阀的单向阀。供给至油路13d的油作为完成前进离合器5a的无效行程的用于消除游隙(ガタ詰め)的备用油压向前进离合器5a供给。切换阀17在选择了D挡的状态下,在电动发电机3停止时进行通电。对于第二离合器5(前进离合器5a)的消除游隙后面进行叙述。
[行驶模式]
上述1电动机、2离合器的动力传动系统具有“EV行驶模式”、“HEV行驶模式”及“WSC行驶模式”的三个行驶模式。
EV行驶模式中,释放第一离合器4,联接第二离合器5并仅将电动发电机3作为驱动源进行行驶。此外,“联接”是指不允许输入输出间的旋转差的完全联接状态。电动发电机3基于目标电动机扭矩进行扭矩控制,目标电动机扭矩根据由加速器开度及车速等决定的请求驱动扭矩进行设定。
HEV行驶模式中,联接第一离合器4及第二离合器5,在驱动源中包含发动机1的同时进行行驶。目标发动机扭矩设为得到发动机1的输出效率高的动作点的发动机扭矩。电动发电机3基于目标电动机扭矩进行扭矩控制,目标电动机扭矩设为请求驱动扭矩与目标发动机扭矩的差值。
WSC行驶模式中,联接第一离合器4,使第二离合器5滑移并仅将电动发电机3设为驱动源进行行驶。此外,“滑移”是指允许输入输出间的旋转差的滑移联接状态。目标第二离合器联接容量根据请求驱动扭矩进行设定。电动发电机3根据目标电动机转速进行转速控制,目标电动机转速设为发动机1的怠速转速。
行驶模式的选择基于加速器开度、车速及蓄电池SOC进行。在加速器开度为规定开度以下的情况下,选择EV行驶模式。在加速器开度超过规定开度的情况下,在低车速区域选择WSC行驶模式,在中高车速区域选择HEV行驶模式。此外,即使是加速器开度为规定开度以下,在蓄电池SOC低的情况下,也选择WSC行驶模式。
[动力传动系统的控制系]
实施例1的FF混合动力车辆作为用于控制动力传动系统的构成,具有:混合控制模块(HCM)20、发动机控制模块(ECM)21、电动机控制器(MC)22、CVT控制单元(CVTCU)23、锂离子蓄电池控制器(LBC)24及制动器控制单元(BCU)25。它们经由CAN通信线连接。
HCM(控制部)20承担管理车辆整体的能耗,用于以最高效率使车辆行驶的功能。HCM20将由发动机转速传感器31检测出的发动机转速、由电动机转速传感器32检测出的电动机转速、由变速器输入转速传感器33检测出的变速器输入转速、由初级油压传感器34检测出的初级压、由次级油压传感器35检测出的次级压、由第二离合器油压传感器36检测出的前进离合器油压(第二离合器油压)、由油温传感器37检测出的油温、由加速器开度传感器38检测出的加速器开度、由制动踏板行程传感器39检测出的制动踏板行程、蓄电池SOC、由蓄电池温度传感器40检测出的蓄电池温度、及根据由车轮速传感器41检测出的各车轮速计算出的车速直接或经由CAN通信进行输入。HCM20基于各输入信息,决定动力传动系统的动作点并选择行驶模式,生成与行驶模式及锂离子蓄电池的状态相对应的各目标值(目标发动机扭矩、目标电动机扭矩或目标电动机转速、目标第一离合器联接容量、目标第二离合器联接容量、目标变速比、目标减速度等)。
ECM21基于目标发动机扭矩等,将控制发动机动作点的指令向发动机1的节气门阀促动器输出。MC22基于目标电动机扭矩(或目标电动机转速),将控制电动机动作点的指令向逆变器7输出。CVTCU23基于目标第一离合器联接容量及目标第二离合器联接容量,将控制第一离合器4及第二离合器5的各联接容量的指令向各比例螺线管15a、15b、15c输出。另外,CVTCU23基于目标变速比,将控制初级带轮6a及次级带轮6b的带卷绕直径的指令向各比例螺线管15d、15e输出。BCU25基于目标减速度,将控制设于各车轮的盘式制动器产生的摩擦制动扭矩的指令向液压控制单元(HU)26输出。另外,BCU25在电动发电机3再生时,仅通过再生制动扭矩不能实现目标减速度的情况下,将通过摩擦制动扭矩补充不足量的指令向HU26输出(再生协调控制)。HU26基于来自BCU25的指令向各盘式制动器的液压钳供给制动液。
[车辆停止时的电动机停止处理]
HCM20在选择EV行驶模式时,在极低车速区域中加速器开度为零的情况下,实施利用电动发电机3产生相当于蠕变扭矩的扭矩的电动机怠速控制。在电动机怠速控制中,将目标电动机转速设为规定的电动机怠速转速(例如,600rpm),将目标第二离合器联接容量设为相当于蠕变扭矩(例如,40Nm)。蠕变扭矩装置的扭矩也可以随着车速降低而变大。HCM20在电动机怠速控制中驾驶员使制动器接通(ON),且车辆停止状态经过规定时间T1的情况下,判断为驾驶员具有车辆停止意图,从电动机怠速控制向降低蠕变扭矩的蠕变切断控制进行转换。在蠕变切断控制中,将目标第二离合器联接容量设为相当于蠕变切断扭矩(例如,6Nm)。目标电动机转速与电动机怠速控制相同。在车辆停止请求时,通过从蠕变控制向蠕变切断控制转换,能够抑制电动发电机3的耗电量。此外,在蠕变切断控制中驾驶员的脚离开制动踏板的情况下,再次向电动机怠速控制转换。另外,HCM20在蠕变切断控制经过规定时间T2的情况下,从蠕变切断控制向停止电动发电机3的电动机停止处理进行转换(相当于怠速停止控制)。在电动机停止处理中,使目标电动机转速逐渐或阶梯性地降低至零,将目标第二离合器联接容量设为零并释放第二离合器5。电动机停止处理在限定时间的期间进行。在EV行驶模式中车辆停止的情况下,使电动发电机3停止,由此,能够改善电动发电机3的燃耗率。
[第二离合器的消除游隙]
当如上述在车辆停止时释放第二离合器5时,在下次起步时,第二离合器5的联接响应滞后变大。第二离合器5通过离合器片被活塞推压而产生联接容量。从减轻拖拽扭矩的观点出发,在活塞中设有复位弹簧,当过于降低向第二离合器5的供给油压时时,活塞利用复位弹簧返回。由此,当活塞与离合器片分开时,即使再次开始油压供给,直到活塞进行行程并与离合器片抵接的期间(直到完成无效行程的期间),第二离合器5中不会产生联接容量,因此,直到起步的时间滞后变大。
于是,HCM20在开始上述蠕变切断控制的情况下,在下次起步时对所具备的切换阀17进行通电,将电动机16a以规定的转速进行旋转驱动。从副电动油泵16向第二离合器5供给用于消除游隙的备用油压。由此,能够抑制第二离合器5的联接响应滞后。HCM20在下次起步时直到车辆开始移动的期间,继续进行第二离合器5的消除游隙。
[电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制]
实施例1的FF混合动力车辆通过由电动发电机3驱动的主机械油泵11产生的油压,确保CVT6的工作油压。因此,当如上述在车辆停止中停止电动发电机3时,不向初级带轮6a及次级带轮6b的各缸室供给油压,各缸室的油压降低。若CVT6的工作油压降低,则在下次起步时,主机械油泵11起动后直到确保CVT6所需要的工作油压产生滞后,因此,加速响应恶化。
于是,HCM20在电动机停止处理后的车辆停止中进行解除电动发电机3的停止的请求即请求电动机停止解除的情况下,进行使电动机转速上升至目标转速的电动机转速控制。HCM20基于驾驶员的起步意图(例如,制动器断开(OFF),制动器力为规定的制动器力以下,加速器开度为规定开度以上)、系统状态(例如,在选择EV行驶模式以外的情况下)、车辆状态(例如,车辆移动的路面坡度为规定的坡度以上,不是D挡,蠕变切断不允许)等判定电动机停止解除的请求。目标转速成为得到在起步时能够充分确保CVT6所需要的工作油压的主机械油泵11的喷出流量的电动机转速(例如,1000rpm)。在请求电动机停止解除情况下,将主机械油泵11设为高旋转,并快速填充CVT6的工作油压,由此,能够抑制下次起步时的加速响应的恶化。
[电动机转速控制时的扭矩限制]
上述电动机停止处理后,第二离合器5的输入输出间的旋转差为零。在此,第二离合器5以联接容量成为零的方式进行消除游隙,但在个体差异、时效变化及油温等所引起的联接容量的不均在正(plus)侧大的情况下,第二离合器5保持联接容量。此时,通过电动机转速控制将消除目标电动机转速与实际电动机转速的偏差的指令电流施加给电动发电机3时,从第二离合器5向驱动轴9传递扭矩,从而产生车辆的冲击。
于是,实施例1中,为了兼得加速响应的确保和冲击的降低这两者,在电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制中进行扭矩限制。
[电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制]
图2是表示实施例1的HCM20进行的电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制的流程的流程图。
在步骤S1中,判定是否在电动机停止处理进行的电动机停止的执行中。在是的情况下,进入步骤S2,在否的情况下,重复进行步骤S1。
在步骤S2中,判定是否具有电动机停止解除请求。在是的情况下,进入步骤S3,在否的情况下,重复进行步骤S2。
在步骤S3中,限制电动机扭矩的同时开始进行使电动机转速与目标转速(1000rpm)一致的电动机转速控制。如果是通常,则就电动机的扭矩指令值而言,对电动机施加克服转速1000rpm时的摩擦力而能够维持转速的程度的电动机扭矩指令值。本实施例中,以在第二离合器5联接为传递驱动扭矩的程度时,电动机旋转的上升时的冲击不会向车辆传递的方式限制电动机扭矩。具体而言,运算消除目标电动机转速与实际电动机转速的偏差的扭矩指令运算值,比较运算出的扭矩指令运算值和上一次的扭矩指令值+规定值,并将值小的一方作为扭矩指令值进行选择。对电动发电机3施加与选择的扭矩指令值相对应的指令电流。即,扭矩限制是将电动机扭矩的变化率的上限限制为比率限制值。比率限制值设为在不会给驾驶员造成加速的迟滞感的规定时间T3内使第二离合器5产生滑移的电动机扭矩的变化率。规定时间T3与电动机扭矩及电动机转速的关系预先通过实验或模拟等求得。另外,比率限制值设为在电动机扭矩传递至驱动轴9的情况下,车辆的加速度不会超过允许G阈值的电动机扭矩的变化率。超过允许G阈值的加速度会给驾驶员造成不适感。
在步骤S4中,判定第二离合器5(CL2)是否滑移。在是的情况下,进入步骤S5,在否的情况下,重复进行步骤S4。在该步骤中,在电动机转速为规定转速以上,且第二离合器5的输入输出间的旋转差(电动机转速与变速器输入转速的旋转差)为规定旋转差以上的情况下,判定为第二离合器5为滑移状态。
在步骤S5中,解除扭矩限制,使电动机转速很快地上升至目标转速。
[兼得加速响应的确保和冲击的降低这两者]
图3是表示实施例1的扭矩限制作用的时间图。作为前提,选择EV行驶模式,为驾驶员的制动器操作的车辆停止状态,并进行电动机怠速控制。
在时刻t1,在电动机怠速控制中成为车辆停止状态后经过规定时间T1,因此,从电动机怠速控制向蠕变切断控制转换。通过蠕变切断控制,第二离合器5的联接容量从40Nm降低至6Nm。另外,由于开始蠕变切断控制,因此,副电动油泵16进行驱动,进行第二离合器5的消除游隙。
在时刻t2,从蠕变切断控制开始经过规定时间T2,因此,从蠕变切断控制向电动机停止处理转换。
在时刻t3,从电动机停止处理的开始经过规定时间,因此,电动发电机3停止(停止向电动发电机3的电力供给)。因此,电动机扭矩及电动机转速均成为零。
在时刻t4,进行驾驶员的制动器断开的电动机停止解除请求,因此,进行扭矩限制的同时开始进行使电动机转速上升的电动机转速控制。在此,作为实施例1的比较例,考虑不进行扭矩限制而使电动机转速上升至目标转速(1000rpm)的情况。在比较例中,在消除游隙后的第二离合器5的联接容量的不均为正侧的上限,且保持联接容量的情况下,通过电动机扭矩快速地上升,加速度超过允许G阈值。与之相对,实施例1中,通过比率限制来限制电动机扭矩的变化率,同时使电动机转速上升,因此,即使在第二离合器5保持联接容量的情况下,加速度也被抑制在允许G阈值以下,能够兼得加速响应的确保和冲击的降低这两者。
在时刻t5,检测到第二离合器5的滑移状态,因此,解除扭矩限制,电动机转速提高至1000rpm。第二离合器5成为滑移状态时,通过第二离合器5的输入输出间的旋转差能够吸收冲击,因此,即使解除扭矩限制,加速度也不会超过允许G阈值。在此,假定在第二离合器5成为滑移状态后还继续扭矩限制的情况下,CVT6的油压填充滞后,加速响应恶化。因此,在第二离合器5成为滑移状态,且通过联接容量能够控制传递扭矩的情况下,通过解除扭矩限制,能够进一步提高加速响应。
在时刻t6,通过电动机扭矩,车辆进行蠕变起步。
实施例1中实现以下的效果。
(1)一种车辆的控制方法,该车辆具备:第二离合器5,其能够切换电动发电机3与前轮10之间的联接和释放;主机械油泵11,其由电动发电机3驱动且向第二离合器5供给工作油压;副电动油泵16,其由电动机16a驱动且向第二离合器5供给工作油压,其中,在车辆停止时停止电动发电机3,通过来自副电动油泵16的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放维持第二离合器5,在请求电动机停止解除的情况下,使电动发电机3的转速向目标转速上升,当使电动发电机3的转速向目标转速上升时,限制为比能够维持该目标转速的电动发电机3的扭矩低的扭矩。
因此,通过在车辆停止时停止电动发电机3,能够改善电动发电机3的燃耗率。另外,通过电动发电机3的停止,主机械油泵11不会产生油压,与之相对,通过副电动油泵16进行第二离合器5的消除游隙,因此,能够抑制下次起步时的第二离合器5的联接响应滞后。进而,通过在电动机停止解除请求时使电动机转速上升至目标转速,能够提高下次起步时的加速响应。此时,通过限制电动机扭矩,能够降低车辆的冲击。
(2)在检测到第二离合器5的滑移的情况下,解除扭矩限制。
因此,在成为能够通过第二离合器5的旋转差吸收冲击的状态的情况下,通过使电动机转速很快地提高至目标转速,能够进一步提高加速响应。
(3)扭矩限制限制扭矩的变化率,以在请求电动机停止解除后经过规定时间T3内,使第二离合器5产生滑移。
因此,能够防止对驾驶员造成的加速的迟滞感。
(4)具备:第二离合器5,其能够切换电动发电机3与前轮10之间的联接和释放;主机械油泵11,其由电动发电机3驱动且向第二离合器5供给工作油压;副电动油泵16,其由电动机16a驱动且向第二离合器5供给工作油压;HCM20,其在车辆停止时停止电动发电机3,通过来自副电动油泵16的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放维持第二离合器5,在请求电动机停止解除的情况下,使电动发电机3的转速向目标转速上升,当使电动发电机3的转速向目标转速上升时,限制为比能够维持该目标转速的电动发电机3的扭矩低的扭矩。
因此,通过在车辆停止时停止电动发电机3,能够改善电动发电机3的燃耗率。另外,通过电动发电机3的停止,主机械油泵11不会产生油压,与之相对,通过副电动油泵16进行第二离合器5的消除游隙,因此,能够抑制下次起步时的第二离合器5的联接响应滞后。另外,通过在电动机停止解除请求时使电动机转速上升至目标转速,能够提高下次起步时的加速响应。此时,通过限制电动机扭矩,能够降低车辆的冲击。
[实施例2]
接着,说明实施例2。基本的构成与实施例1相同,因此,仅说明不同的点。
[电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制]
图4是表示实施例2的HCM20进行的电动机停止解除请求时的电动机转速控制的流程的流程图。仅说明与图2所示的实施例1不同的步骤。
在步骤S11中,判定表示驾驶员的加速请求的值是否比阈值大,或第二离合器5是否滑移。另一方面,在是的情况下,进入步骤S5,在双方为否的情况下重复进行步骤S11。加速请求与阈值的比较通过由加速器开度决定的请求驱动扭矩与规定的驱动扭矩阈值的比较进行。
实施例2中,在当通过扭矩限制使电动机扭矩上升时,表示驾驶员的加速请求的值超过阈值的情况下,即使第二离合器5未滑移,也解除扭矩限制。在驾驶员的起步响应请求大的情况下,需要进一步提前确保CVT6的工作油压。另外,在起步响应请求大的情况下,即使产生一些冲击,也不会给驾驶员造成不适感。因此,该情况下,与冲击的降低相比,通过优先加速响应的确保,能够满足驾驶员的请求。
实施例2中,实现以下的效果。
(5)在表示驾驶员的加速请求的值超过阈值的情况下,解除扭矩限制。
因此,能够满足驾驶员的起步响应请求。
(其它实施例)
以上,基于实施例说明了用于实施本发明的形式,但本发明的具体的构成不限定于实施例,不脱离发明宗旨的范围的设计变更等也包含于本发明。
例如,本发明也能够适用于仅以电动发电机为驱动源的电动车辆。

Claims (4)

1.一种车辆的控制方法,该车辆具备:
摩擦离合器,其能够切换电动发电机与驱动轮之间的联接和释放;
机械式油泵,其由所述电动发电机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;
电动式油泵,其由电动机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压,
该控制方法的特征在于,
在车辆停止时使所述电动发电机停止,
通过来自所述电动式油泵的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放并维持所述摩擦离合器,
在请求所述电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,
当使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,进行扭矩限制,将扭矩限制为比可维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩,在检测到所述摩擦离合器滑移的情况下,解除所述扭矩限制。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆的控制方法,其特征在于,
所述扭矩限制限制扭矩的变化率,以在请求所述电动机停止解除后经过规定时间内,使所述摩擦离合器产生滑移。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆的控制方法,其特征在于,
在表示驾驶员的加速请求的值超过阈值的情况下,解除所述扭矩限制。
4.一种车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,具备:
摩擦离合器,其能够切换电动发电机与驱动轮之间的联接和释放;
机械式油泵,其由所述电动发电机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;
电动式油泵,其由电动机驱动且向所述摩擦离合器供给工作油压;
控制部,其在车辆停止时使所述电动发电机停止,通过来自所述电动式油泵的工作油压以完成无效行程的状态释放并维持所述摩擦离合器,在请求所述电动发电机的停止解除的情况下,使所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升,当在所述电动发电机的转速向目标转速上升时,进行扭矩限制,将扭矩限制为比可维持该目标转速的电动发电机的扭矩低的扭矩,在检测到所述摩擦离合器滑移的情况下,解除所述扭矩限制。
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