CN107708741A - 用嵌合抗原受体(car)构建体和表达car构建体的t细胞(car‑t)或nk细胞(car‑nk)进行的疾病疗法 - Google Patents
用嵌合抗原受体(car)构建体和表达car构建体的t细胞(car‑t)或nk细胞(car‑nk)进行的疾病疗法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及优选包含针对疾病相关抗原或半抗原的scFv抗体片段的CAR、CAR‑T和CAR‑NK构建体。更优选地,所述抗原是TAA诸如Trop‑2。所述构建体可向患有疾病诸如癌症、自体免疫疾病或免疫功能异常疾病的受试者施用以诱导针对疾病相关细胞的免疫应答。当所述构建体结合半抗原时,所述受试者首先用结合疾病相关抗原的半抗原缀合的抗体治疗。疗法可补充以其它治疗,诸如减积程序(例如手术、化学疗法、放射疗法)或共同施用其它药剂。更优选地,在施用所述构建体之前,用结合相同疾病相关抗原的未缀合抗体进行预给药。最优选地,施用针对CD74或HLA‑DR的抗体以使由所述构建体诱导的全身性免疫毒性降低。
Description
相关申请
本申请根据35U.S.C.119(e)要求2015年6月12日提交的美国临时专利申请62/174,894和2015年7月17日提交的美国临时专利申请62/193,853的权益,所述美国临时专利申请各自的正文以引用的方式整体并入本文。
序列表
本申请含有已通过EFS网以ASCII格式提交,并且据此以引用的方式整体并入本文的序列表。所述ASCII拷贝于2016年6月7日创建,名为IMM361WO1_SL,并且大小是39,678字节。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及适用于治疗多种疾病状态的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)构建体和被工程改造以表达此类CAR构建体的T细胞(CAR-T)或NK细胞(CAR-NK)。CAR构建体被设计以通过并入针对由靶细胞表达的抗原的抗体来直接,或通过并入针对半抗原的抗体来间接结合靶细胞。使用针对由靶细胞表达的抗原的半抗原缀合抗体,可使半抗原与靶细胞缔合。在某些优选实施方案中,靶细胞抗原可为Trop-2,并且待治疗的疾病可为表达Trop-2的癌症。然而,普通技术人员将认识到由与许多不同疾病状态相关的靶细胞表达的抗原是已知的,并且任何此类抗原都可由本文公开的CAR构建体靶向。在优选实施方案中,CAR可包含scFv或Fab抗体片段、CD8铰链、CD28跨膜结构域、CD28的共刺激信号传导结构域、4-1BB(CD137)的共刺激信号传导结构域和/或CD3ζ的细胞质信号传导结构域。在更优选实施方案中,scFv或Fab可源于抗体h679(抗HSG)、h734(抗In-DTPA)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)或hMN-15(抗CEACAM-6)。在一个实施方案中,用于产生CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体的T细胞或NK细胞是从待治疗的患者获得的自体细胞。更优选地,用于产生构建体的T细胞或NK细胞是同种异体细胞。CAR-T或CAR-NK治疗性构建体在体内施用,并且诱导针对疾病相关的靶细胞的免疫应答。CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体可与或不与半抗原缀合抗体一起施用,所述构建体也可与一种或多种其它治疗剂诸如细胞因子、干扰素、抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)或检查点抑制剂抗体组合使用。组合可同时或依序施用。在更优选实施方案中,CAR-T或CAR-NK可与抗CD74或抗HLA-DR抗体一起施用以降低由构建体诱导的免疫毒性。
背景
嵌合抗原受体(CAR,也称为嵌合T细胞受体)是被设计以在宿主T细胞或NK细胞中表达,并且诱导针对特定靶抗原和表达该抗原的细胞的免疫应答的合成构建体。CAR通常包含并入融合蛋白中的抗体片段诸如scFv或Fab片段,所述融合蛋白也包含额外组分,诸如CD3-ζ或CD28跨膜结构域和选择性T细胞活化部分,包括CD3-ζ、CD28、OX40、4-1BB、Lck和/或ICOS的内部结构域(endodomain)。已使用此类元件的各种组合。
CAR和CAR-T的构建和使用由Sadelain等(Cancer Discov3:388-98,2013)综述。如Sadelain等(2013)中所讨论,CAR构建体的设计已经过数代而进展。第一代CAR包含scFv连接于CD3-ζ跨膜结构域,伴有细胞内CD3-ζ或FcRγ内部结构域。此类早期构建体仅提供T细胞活化,并且通常发现在人受试者中测试时不是临床有效的(Sadelain等,2013)。第二代CAR构建体提供双重信号传导功能以使T细胞活化与共刺激信号诸如细胞因子(例如IL-2、IL-7、IL-15、IL-21)释放组合(Sadelain等,2013)。第二代构建体包含CD28或CD3-ζ跨膜结构域连接于两个或更多个选自CD28内部结构域、CD3-ζ内部结构域、ICOS、4-1BB、DAP10和OX40的细胞内效应物。第三代CAR包含三种或更多种信号传导功能,通常并有CD28跨膜结构域和内部结构域,连接于4-1BB、OX-40或Lck的信号传导亚单位和CD3-ζ的细胞质结构域。用第二代或第三代CAR-T进行的更新近临床试验已显示一些有前景的结果。已报道抗CD19CAR-T疗法有效治疗B细胞恶性肿瘤,其中在初步研究中治疗的4名CLL患者中,1例完全响应(CR)和1例稳定疾病(Kochendorfer等,Blood119:2709-20,2012)。Ramos等(Cancer J 20:112-18,2014)综述抗CD19CAR-T在患有复发B细胞恶性肿瘤的患者中的公开1期试验。一个使用第二代抗CD19CAR-T进行的试验报道在5名患有难治性B细胞ALL的患者中,在用环磷酰胺和CAR-T输注治疗之后,所有5名患者都实现完全缓解(阴性最小残留病)(Ramos等,2014)。缓解的潜在持续时间是未知的。Ritchie等(Mol Ther 21:2122-29,2013)报道在用氟达拉滨预处理之后,对AML患者给予的第二代抗LeY CAR-T的1期试验。4名患者中的1名实现细胞发生性缓解,而另1名显示多达23个月的延长缓解。
更新近地,CAR构建体已用于引导自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性,由Hermanson和Kaufman(2015,Front Immunol 6:195)以及Carlsten和Childs(2015,Front Immunol 6:266)所综述。如同T细胞一样,NK细胞可用CAR表达构建体转染,并且用于诱导免疫应答。因为NK细胞不需要HLA匹配,所以它们可用作同种异体效应细胞(Harmanson和Kaufman,2015)。此外,适用于疗法的外周血液NK细胞(PB-NK)可通过简单血液抽取来从供体分离。适用的CAR构建体可含有与用于制备CAR-T细胞的那些要素类似的要素。CAR-NK细胞可含有结合疾病相关抗原诸如肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)或结合可靶向构建体上的半抗原的靶向分子诸如scFV或Fab。这避免了不同于T细胞,NK细胞对待杀灭的靶向细胞缺乏抗原特异性的问题。可通过跨膜结构域使靶向细胞的scFv或Fab连接于一个或多个细胞内信号传导结构域以实现淋巴细胞活化。与CAR-NK细胞一起使用的信号传导结构域已包括CD3-ζ、CD28、4-1BB、DAP10和OX40。使用的NK细胞系已包括NK-92、NKG、YT、NK-YS、HANK-1、YTS和NKL细胞。已提出用编码IL-2和/或IL-15的基因进行转染以降低对需要外源性细胞因子来达成体内持续性和细胞群体扩大的依赖性。使用来自半相合供体的NK细胞进行的临床试验已证明在患有难治性急性骨髓源性白血病的患者中达成长期缓解(Miller等,2004,Blood105:3051-57)。也已证明针对乳腺癌和卵巢癌的功效(Geller等,2011,Cytotherapy 13:98-107)。
将编码CAR构建体的cDNA的核苷酸序列并入表达载体诸如逆转录病毒或慢病毒载体中以转移至T细胞或NK细胞中。在感染、转染、脂质体转染或将载体引入宿主细胞(CAR-T或CAR-NK)中的替代性手段之后,向受试者施用细胞以诱导针对表达抗原的靶细胞的免疫应答。经转导的T细胞或NK细胞的表面上的CAR与由靶细胞表达的抗原的结合使T细胞或NK细胞活化。由CAR达成的T细胞或NK细胞活化不需要通过HLA系统进行的抗原加工和递呈。
多种CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞已用于主要是造血性癌症或一些实体肿瘤的疾病状态的疗法。所靶向抗原已包括α-叶酸受体(卵巢癌和上皮癌)、CAIX(肾癌)、CD19(B细胞恶性肿瘤、CLL、ALL)、CD20(B细胞恶性肿瘤、淋巴瘤)、CD22(B细胞恶性肿瘤)、CD23(CLL)、CD24(胰腺癌)、CD30(淋巴瘤)、CD33(AML)、CD38(NHL)、CD44v7/8(子宫颈癌)、CEA(结肠直肠癌)、EGFRvIII(胶质母细胞瘤)、EGP-2(多种恶性肿瘤)、EGP-40(结肠直肠癌)、EphA2(胶质母细胞瘤)、Erb-B2(乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌)、FBP(卵巢癌)、GD2(神经母细胞瘤、黑素瘤)、GD3(黑素瘤)、HER2(胰腺癌、卵巢癌、胶质母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤)、HMW-MAA(黑素瘤)、IL-11Rα(骨肉瘤)、IL-13Rα2(神经胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤)、KDR(肿瘤血管系统)、κ轻链(B细胞恶性肿瘤)、路易斯(Lewis)Y(各种癌)、L1(神经母细胞瘤)、MAGE-A1(黑素瘤)、间皮素(间皮瘤)、MUC1(乳腺癌和卵巢癌)、MUC16(卵巢癌)、NKG2D(骨髓瘤、卵巢癌)、NY-ESO-1(多发性骨髓瘤)、癌胚抗原(各种肿瘤)、PSCA(前列腺癌)、PSMA(前列腺癌)、ROR1(B-CLL)、TAG-72(腺癌)和VEGF-R2(肿瘤新血管系统)。(Sadelain等,Cancer Discov 3:388-98,2013)。
关于CAR-T疗法的主要关注是与由大量活化的T细胞介导的强烈抗肿瘤应答相关的“细胞因子风暴”的危险(Sadelain等,Cancer Discov 3:388-98,2013)。副作用可包括高热、低血压和/或器官衰竭,潜在地导致死亡。由CAR-NK细胞产生的细胞因子不同于CAR-T细胞,从而使不利的细胞因子介导的反应的风险降低。然而,存在对具有更好的功效和降低的全身毒性的改进的CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体,以及对用以降低细胞因子风暴或其它全身毒性的风险的辅助疗法的需要。也存在预防或缓和非肿瘤在靶(on-target)毒性的需要,其中表达靶抗原的正常组织由于CAR-T或CAR-NK疗法也包括这些细胞而受毒性的影响,如由在已接受靶向CEA的T细胞的所有3名患有转移性结肠直肠癌的癌症患者中诱导重度短暂炎症性结肠炎所例示(Parkhurst等,Mol Ther,19:620-6,2010)。
发明概述
本发明提供新型CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体的供治疗性使用的组合物和方法。构建体包含抗体部分(优选是scFv或Fab)通过接头连接于跨膜结构域和两个或更多个细胞内信号传导结构域,诸如CD28内部结构域、CD3-ζ内部结构域以及ICOS、4-1BB(CD137)、DAP10和/或OX40的信号传导部分。CAR构建体的优选实施方案的实例显示于图1和图2中。其它示例性结构可包括scFv/CD28/CD3-ζ或scFv/CD28/CD137/CD3-ζ。融合蛋白将包含在抗体与CAR的其余部分之间的用以使与抗原结合的灵活性增加的接头序列,以及连接scFv或Fab和细胞内效应物的跨膜结构域(通常是CD28)。如图1和图2中所示,融合蛋白可包含在scFv的VH部分与VL部分之间的短接头(例如GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS,SEQ ID NO:18),以及使scFc连接于跨膜结构域的铰链诸如CD8α铰链。细胞内效应物可包括CD28细胞内结构域(内部结构域)、CD3-ζ细胞内结构域(内部结构域)和4-1BB细胞内结构域中的两者或更多者(图1、图2)。也可使用本领域中已知的用于CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体的其它细胞内效应物,如在本申请中其它地方所讨论。
在各种实施方案中,可设计CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK以使scFv、Fab或其它抗体部分直接结合由靶细胞表达的细胞表面抗原。在替代性实施方案中,CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK可含有结合连接于靶细胞的半抗原的scFv,从而使得CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK间接结合于所述靶细胞。在后述情况下,可使半抗原缀合于结合靶细胞抗原的不同抗体或抗体片段。优选半抗原包括HSG(组胺-丁二酰基-甘氨酸)或In-DTPA(铟-二乙烯三胺五乙酸)。在施用用DTPA或HSG标记的抗体之后,经标记的抗体被允许定位于靶细胞或组织。添加CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体,并且其结合HSG或In-DTPA,从而与经HSG或In-DTPA标记的抗体共定位,并且诱导针对靶细胞的免疫应答。尽管可利用任何已知抗半抗原抗体,但在优选实施方案中,抗HSG抗体是h679(参见例如美国专利号7,563,439,附图和实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文),或抗In-DTPA抗体是h734(参见例如公开的PCT申请WO 99/66951或美国专利号7,534,431,各自的附图和实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。HSG或In-DTPA缀合的靶向抗体可如以下实施例中所述制备。
在替代性实施方案中,在添加靶向疾病的CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体或靶向疾病的抗体-半抗原缀合物(继之以结合半抗原的CAR-T或CAR-NK)之前,施用预定量的亲本未缀合抗体至少1天,优选1至10天。这种预给药方案被设计以降低或消除针对正常组织的脱肿瘤在靶毒性,所述正常组织表达由CAR-T、CAR-NK或抗体-半抗原复合物中的靶向疾病的抗体识别的相同抗原。可在延迟多达7天之后重复预给药。在携带GW-39人结肠癌的异种移植物的裸小鼠中进行的临床前研究已显示IMMU-130(包含SN-38缀合于抗CEACAM5mAb hMN-14的ADC)的抗肿瘤活性很少受到在用IMMU-130治疗之前施用各种剂量的裸hMN-14的影响,从而指示用亲本抗体预给药不减弱药剂识别肿瘤或其它患病细胞上的相同抗原的后续靶向性(图3)。然而,此类预给药可缓和CAR-T、CAR-NK或半抗原-mAb/CAR-T或CAR-NK结合正常组织的细胞毒性作用。尽管疾病相关抗原诸如肿瘤相关抗原可为患病细胞所特有,但更通常的是抗原将在一些正常组织中以及在患病细胞上表达,尽管通常在正常细胞中处于较低表达水平。用针对相同疾病相关抗原的未缀合抗体预给药可使具有较低抗原表达水平的正常组织饱和,同时仍然允许达成针对见于患病细胞诸如肿瘤细胞中的较高抗原水平的细胞毒性作用。优选地,在1至16mg/kg,更优选约10mg/kg剂量下,以1至2次预给药注射施用未缀合抗体。当给予2次预给药注射时,它们可相隔约1周加以施用,并且CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体可在第二次预给药注射之后4-6天加以施用。
在不存在预给药下,基于T细胞的靶向疗法可导致全身毒性诸如结肠炎。Bos等(Cancer Res 68:8446-55,2008)报道使用用靶向CEA的重组T细胞受体转导的自体T细胞来治疗结肠癌。根据Bos等(2008),“尽管CEA[CEACAM5]在结肠直肠癌中过度表达,但相当水平的这个抗原存在于正常肠上皮中”。作者观察到靶向CEA的免疫疗法伴随有肠自体免疫结肠炎,伴有有时导致受试小鼠的死亡的重度重量减轻。Parkhurst等(Mol Ther 19:620-26,2011)观察到用重组T细胞受体转导的靶向CEA的T细胞在向患有难治性转移性结肠直肠癌的3名人患者施用时具有类似毒性。所有3名患者都展现代表剂量限制性毒性的重度短暂炎症性结肠炎。1名患者显示癌向肺和肝转移的客观消退。Katz等(Clin Cancer Res,先于印刷的电子出版,2015年4月7日)报道用于治疗CEA阳性肝转移的抗CEA CAR-T的I期试验的结果。使用肝动脉输注(HAI)以试图限制肝外毒性。在CAR-T疗法之后23个月时,6名患者中的1名保持存活,伴有稳定疾病。尽管无患者遭受与CAR-T疗法相关的3或4级不利事件,但在4名患者中观察到发热性AE(不利事件),其中1名患者经历3级发热和心动过速,显然与全身性IL2输注相关。1名接受IL2与CAR-T疗法两者的患者显现导致IL2剂量降低的结肠炎。
用以抑制结肠炎而不降低抗CEA CAR-T在小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤作用的另一方法由Blat等(Mol Ther 22:1018-28,2014)报道,其使用抗CEA-CAR-Treg细胞以试图降低CAR-T疗法的全身毒性。CEA特异性CAR Treg据报道相较于对照Treg,使结肠炎的严重性显著减轻,同时CEA特异性CAR Treg使结肠直肠肿瘤负荷显著降低。
公开CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞的正常组织毒性的研究都未试图通过用针对相同靶抗原的未缀合抗体预给药来降低全身毒性。本领域中存在对基于CAR-T或CAR-NK的更好治疗方法的需要,所述方法并入用未缀合抗体预给药以降低对也表达疾病相关抗原的正常细胞的毒性。
用以降低CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体的全身毒性的另一替代性方法在于施用降低或预防过度活化的T细胞应答的抗体,所述应答经常在CAR-T、CAR-NK或检查点抑制剂疗法的情况下被观察到(参见例如Weber等,2015,J Clin Oncol 33:2092-99)。此类全身性免疫应答可通过施用如下所述的抗CD74或抗HLA-DR抗体诸如hL243或hLL1(米拉珠单抗(milatuzumab))来降低或消除。普通技术人员将认识到权利要求不限于本文公开的特定实施方案,并且可利用其它已知抗CD74或抗HLA-DR抗体。
抗CD74抗体的许多实例在本领域中是已知的,并且可利用任何此类已知抗体、其片段、免疫缀合物或融合蛋白。在一优选实施方案中,抗CD74抗体是hLL1抗体(也称为米拉珠单抗(milatuzumab))。适于使用的人源化LL1(hLL1)抗CD74抗体公开于美国专利号7,312,3l8中,所述美国专利从第35栏第1行至第42栏第27行以及图1至图4以引用的方式并入本文。然而,在替代性实施方案中,可利用其它已知抗CD74抗体,诸如LS-B1963、LS-B2594、LS-B1859、LS-B2598、LS-05525、LS-C44929等(LSBio,Seattle,Wash.);LN2(San Diego,Calif.);PIN.1、SPM523、LN3、CerCLIP.1(Cambridge,Mass.);At14/19、Bu45(Raleigh,N.C.);1D1(Taipei City,Taiwan);5-329(San Diego,Calif.);以及本领域中已知的任何其它抗CD74抗体。
在一优选实施方案中,抗HLA-DR抗体是hL243抗体(也称为IMMU-114)。适于使用的人源化L243抗HLA-DR抗体公开于美国专利号7,612,180中,所述美国专利从第46栏第45行至第60栏第50行以及图1至图6以引用的方式并入本文。然而,在替代性实施方案中,可利用其它已知抗HLA-DR抗体,诸如1D10(阿泊珠单抗(apolizumab))(Kostelny等,2001,Int JCancer 93:556-65);MS-GPC-1、MS-GPC-6、MS-GPC-8、MS-GPC-10等(美国专利号7,521,047);Lym-1、TAL 8.1、520B、ML11C11、SPM289、MEM-267、TAL15.1、TAL 1B5、G-7、4D12、Bra30等(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Inc.,Santa Cruz,Calif.);TAL 16.1、TU36、C120(Cambridge,Mass.);以及本领域中已知的任何其它抗HLA-DR抗体。
尽管结合与疾病相关的细胞的任何靶向抗体可用于CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体中,但在优选实施方案中,抗体是如下讨论的抗肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)抗体。在一更优选实施方案中,用于CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK中的抗体是抗Trop-2抗体诸如hRS7。然而,在疾病相关细胞中表达的许多其它抗原是已知的,并且可被利用。优选地,肿瘤相关抗原是α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、α-辅肌动蛋白-4、A3、对A33抗体具有特异性的抗原、ART-4、B7、Ba 733、BAGE、BrE3抗原、CA125、CAMEL、CAP-1、碳酸酐酶IX、CASP-8/m、CCL19、CCI21、CD1、CD1a、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11A、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD29、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD59、CD64、CD66a-e、CD67、CD70、CD70L、CD74、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD83、CD95、CD126、CD132、CD133、CD138、CD147、CD154、CDC27、CDK-4/m、CDKN2A、CTLA4、CXCR4、CXCR7、CXCL12、HIF-1α、结肠特异性抗原p(CSAp)、CEA(CEACAM-5)、CEACAM-6、c-Met、DAM、EGFR、EGFRvIII、EGP-1(TROP-2)、EGP-2、ELF2-M、Ep-CAM、纤维母细胞生长因子(FGF)、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、GAGE、gp100、GRO-β、HLA-DR、HM1.24、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和它的亚单位、HER2/neu、HMGB-1、缺氧诱导性因子(HIF-1)、HSP70-2M、HST-2、Ia、IGF-1R、IFN-γ、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-λ、IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-13R、IL-15R、IL-17R、IL-18R、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、IL-23、IL-25、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、KC4抗原、KS-1抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、LDR/FUT、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MAGE-3、MART-1、MART-2、NY-ESO-1、TRAG-3、mCRP、MCP-1、MIP-1A、MIP-1B、MIF、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5ac、MUC13、MUC16、MUM-1/2、MUM-3、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、胰腺癌粘蛋白、PD1受体、胎盘生长因子、p53、PLAGL2、前列腺酸性磷酸酶、PSA、PRAME、PSMA、PlGF、ILGF、ILGF-1R、IL-6、IL-25、RS5、RANTES、T101、SAGE、S100、存活素、存活素-2B、TAC、TAG-72、腱生蛋白、TRAIL受体、TNF-α、Tn抗原、汤姆逊-弗雷登里希抗原(Thomson-Friedenreich antigen)、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGFR、ED-B纤连蛋白、WT-1、17-1A抗原、补体因子C3、C3a、C3b、C5a、C5、血管生成标志物、bcl-2、bcl-6、Kras、致癌基因标志物或致癌基因产物(参见例如Sensi等,Clin Cancer Res 2006、12:5023-32;Parmiani等,JImmunol2007、178:1975-79;Novellino等Cancer Immunol Immunother2005、54:187-207)。
针对TAA的示例性抗体包括但不限于hA19(抗CD19,美国专利号7,109,304)、hR1(抗IGF-1R,2010年3月12日提交的美国专利申请序列号13/688,812)、hPAM4(抗MUC5ac,美国专利号7,282,567)、hA20(抗CD20,美国专利号7,151,164)、hIMMU31(抗AFP,美国专利号7,300,655)、hLL1(抗CD74,美国专利号7,312,318)、hLL2(抗CD22,美国专利号5,789,554)、hMu-9(抗CSAp,美国专利号7,387,773)、hL243(抗HLA-DR,美国专利号7,612,180)、hMN-14(抗CEACAM-5,美国专利号6,676,924)、hMN-15(抗CEACAM-6,美国专利号8,287,865)、hRS7(抗EGP-1,美国专利号7,238,785)、hMN-3(抗CEACAM-6,美国专利号7,541,440)、hRFB4(抗CD22,美国专利号9,139,649)、Ab124和Ab125(抗CXCR4,美国专利号7,138,496),各引用的专利或申请的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文。
使用的抗体可为各种同种型,优选是人IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4,更优选包含人IgG1铰链和恒定区序列。抗体或其片段可为嵌合人-小鼠抗体或其片段、人源化(人框架和鼠高变(CDR)区)抗体或其片段、或完全人抗体或其片段以及其变化形式,诸如半IgG4抗体(被称为“单抗体(unibody)”),如由van der Neut Kolfschoten等(Science2007;317:1554-1557)所述。更优选地,可设计或选择抗体或其片段以包含属于特定同种异型的人恒定区序列,此可导致在向人受试者施用时免疫原性降低。用于施用的优选同种异型包括非G1ml同种异型(nG1ml),诸如G1m3、G1m3,1、G1m3,2或G1m3,1,2。更优选地,同种异型选自由nG1m1、G1m3、nG1m1,2和Km3同种异型组成的组。
其它实施方案涉及CAR-T或CAR-NK疗法与细胞因子治疗诸如与干扰素-α、干扰素-β或干扰素-λ(最优选是干扰素-α)的组合。干扰素是可通过使NK细胞和巨噬细胞活化来增强免疫系统功能的细胞因子型免疫调节剂。干扰素也可具有作为抗病原剂的直接作用,并且通过诱导靶抗原或其它效应蛋白的表达来部分地起作用。主题干扰素可以游离干扰素、聚乙二醇化干扰素、干扰素融合蛋白或缀合于抗体的干扰素形式施用。
另一有前景的免疫治疗方法涉及使用针对免疫检查点蛋白质的拮抗性抗体(例如Pardoll,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-64,2012)。免疫检查点充当免疫系统功能的内源性抑制路径,其起维持自身耐受性和调节对抗原刺激的免疫应答的持续时间和程度的作用(Pardo ll,2012)。然而,似乎肿瘤组织以及有可能某些病原体可征用检查点系统以降低宿主免疫应答的有效性,从而导致肿瘤生长和/或慢性感染(参见例如Pardoll,NatureReviews Cancer 12:252-64,2012;Nirsc hl和Drake,Clin Cancer Res 19:4917-24,2013)。检查点分子包括CTLA4(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原-4)、PD1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白1)、PD-L1(程序性细胞死亡配体1)、LAG-3(淋巴细胞活化基因-3)、TIM-3(T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白-3)和若干其它分子(Pardoll,Nature Revi ews Cancer 12:252-64,2012;Nirschl和Drake,Clin Cancer Res 19:4917-24,2013)。许多此类抗体在本领域中是已知的,诸如兰罗利珠单抗(lambrolizumab)(MK-3475,Merck)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)(BMS-936558,Bristol-Myers Squibb)、匹迪珠单抗(pidilizumab)(CT-011,CureTech Ltd.)、AMP-224(Merck)、MDX-1105(Medarex)、MEDI4736(MedImmune)、MPDL3280A(Genentech)、BMS-936559(Bristol-Mye rs Squibb)、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)(Bristol-Myers Squibb)和曲美木单抗(tremelimumab)(Pfizer)。任何已知检查点抑制剂抗体都可与CAR-T或CAR-NK疗法组合使用。针对若干检查点蛋白质的抗体处于临床试验中,并且已显示针对标准治疗抗性肿瘤的出乎意料的功效。针对CTLA4(也称为CD152)、PD1(也称为CD279)和PD-L1(也称为CD274)的示例性检查点抑制剂抗体在以下更详细描述,并且可与CAR-T或CAR-NK组合用于增强针对疾病细胞、组织或病原体的免疫应答的有效性。
疾病疗法的免疫系统诱导的功效可通过与例如在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前使肿瘤负荷降低的其它药剂组合来增强。抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)可在许多类型的癌症的情况下有效降低肿瘤负荷,如由在TNBC的新辅助疗法的情况下的病理性完全响应(pCR)所经文件证明。众多示例性ADC在本领域中是已知的,诸如IMMU-130(拉贝珠单抗(labetuzumab)-SN-38)、IMMU-132(hRS7-SN-38)和米拉珠单抗-多柔比星(milatuzumab-doxorubicin)或前-2-吡咯啉并多柔比星(Pro2P Dox)的抗体缀合物,如下所讨论。使用的其它示例性ADC可包括用于AML的吉妥单抗奥佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(随后退出市场)、用于ALCL和霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin lymphoma)的本妥昔单抗维多汀(brentuximab vedotin)、以及用于HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌的曲妥珠单抗埃姆坦辛(trastuzumab emtansine)(Verma等,NEngl J M ed 367:1783-91,2012;Bross等,Clin Cancer Res 7:1490-96,2001;Francisco等,Blood 102:1458-65,2003)。众多其它候选ADC当前处于临床测试中,诸如奥英妥珠单抗奥佐米星(inotuzumab ozogamic in)(Pfizer)、格巴妥莫单抗维多汀(glembatumomabvedotin)(Celldex T herapeutics)、SAR3419(Sanofi-Aventis)、SAR56658(Sanofi-Aventis)、AMG-172(Amgen)、AMG-595(Amgen)、BAY-94-9343(Bayer)、BI IB015(BiogenIdec)、BT062(Biotest)、SGN-75(Seattle Genetics)、SG N-CD19A(Seattle Genetics)、沃瑟珠单抗玛伏多汀(vorsetuzumab maf odotin)(Seattle Genetics)、ABT-414(AbbVie)、ASG-5ME(Agensys)、ASG-22ME(Agensys)、ASG-16M8F(Agensys)、IMGN-529(ImmunoG en)、IMGN-853(ImmunoGen)、MDX-1203(Medarex)、MLN-0264(Mi llenium)、RG-7450(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7458(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7593(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7596(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7598(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7599(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7600(Roche/Gen entech)、RG-7636(Roche/Genentech)、抗PSMA ADC(Progenics)、洛妥珠单抗莫坦辛(lorvotuzumab mertansine)(ImmunoGen)、米拉珠单抗-多柔比星(Immunomedics)、IMMU-130(Immunomedics)和IMMU-132(Immunomedics)。(参见例如Li等,Drug Disc Ther 7:178-84,2013;Firer和Gellerman,J Hematol Oncol 5:70,2012;Beck等,Disco v Med 10:329-39,2010;Mullard,Nature ReV Drug Discovery 12:329,2013)。任何此类已知ADC都可与如本文所述的CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体组合使用。优选地,当ADC与CAR-T或CAR-NK组合使用时,在CAR-T或CAR-NK之前施用ADC。
在某些实施方案中,CAR-T或CAR-NK疗法可适用于治疗癌症。预期任何类型的肿瘤和任何类型的肿瘤抗原都可被靶向。可被靶向的示例性类型的癌症包括急性淋巴母细胞性白血病、急性骨髓源性白血病、胆管癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性骨髓源性白血病、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食道癌、胃癌、头颈部癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、肺癌、甲状腺髓样癌、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、肾癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤、黑素瘤、肝癌、前列腺癌和尿路膀胱癌。然而,熟练技术人员将认识到实际上任何类型的癌的肿瘤相关抗原都是已知的。
已报道与免疫刺激性抗体的组合疗法使例如针对肿瘤细胞的功效增强。Morales-Kastresana等(Clin Cancer Res 19:6151-62,2013)显示抗PD-L1(10B5)抗体与抗CD137(1D8)和抗OX40(OX86)抗体的组合在肝细胞癌的转基因小鼠模型中提供增强的功效。也已报道抗CTLA4抗体和抗PD1抗体的组合是高度有效的(Wolchok等,N Engl J Med 369:122-33,2013)。利妥昔单抗(rituximab)与抗KIR抗体诸如利丽单抗(lirlumab)(InnatePharma)或IPH2101(Innate Pharma)的组合也更有效针对造血肿瘤(Kohrt等,2012)。普通技术人员将认识到主题组合疗法可包括与多种免疫刺激性抗体、抗肿瘤剂或抗感染剂组合。
可用于治疗各种疾病状态的替代性抗体包括但不限于阿昔单抗(abciximab)(抗糖蛋白IIb/IIIa)、阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)(抗CD52)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)(抗VEGF)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)(抗EGFR)、吉妥单抗(抗CD33)、异贝莫单抗(ibritumomab)(抗CD20)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)(抗EGFR)、利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)、托西莫单抗(tositumomab)(抗CD20)、曲妥珠单抗(抗ErbB2)、兰罗利珠单抗(抗PD1受体)、纳武单抗(抗PD1受体)、伊匹单抗(抗CTLA4)、阿巴伏单抗(abagovomab)(抗CA-125)、阿德木单抗(adecatumumab)(抗EpCAM)、阿利珠单抗(atlizumab)(抗IL-6受体)、贝那珠单抗(benralizumab)(抗CD125)、奥滨尤妥珠单抗(obinutuzumab)(GA101,抗CD20)、CC49(抗TAG-72)、AB-PG1-XG1-026(抗PSMA,美国专利申请11/983,372,以ATCC PTA-4405和PTA-4406保藏)、D2/B(抗PSMA,WO 2009/130575)、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)(抗IL-6受体)、巴利昔单抗(basiliximab)(抗CD25)、达利珠单抗(daclizumab)(抗CD25)、依法珠单抗(efalizumab)(抗CD11a)、GA101(抗CD20;Glycart Roche)、那他珠单抗(atalizumab)(抗α4整联蛋白)、奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)(抗IgE);抗TNF-α抗体诸如CDP571(Ofei等,Diabetes45:881-85,2011)、MTNFAI、M2TNFAI、M3TNFAI、M3TNFABI、M302B、M303(ThermoScientific,Rockford,IL)、英夫利昔单抗(infliximab)(Centocor,Malvern,PA)、聚乙二醇赛妥珠单抗(certolizumab pegol)(UCB,Brussels,Belgium)、抗CD40L(UCB,Brussels,Belgium)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)(Abbott,Abbott Park,IL)、贝利木单抗(belimumab)(Human Genome Sciences);抗CD38抗体诸如MOR03087(MorphoSys AG)、MOR202(Celgene)、HuMax-CD38(Genmab)或达雷木单抗(daratumumab)(Johnson&Johnson);抗HIV抗体诸如P4/D10(美国专利8,333,971)、Ab75、Ab76、Ab77(Paulik等,Biochem Pharmacol 58:1781-90,1999)以及由Polymun(Vienna,Austria)描述和销售,也描述于美国专利5,831,034、美国专利5,911,989以及Vcelar等,AIDS 2007;21(16):2161-2170和Joos等,Antimicrob.AgentsChemother.2006;50(5):1773-9中的抗HIV抗体。
在其它实施方案中,CAR-T或CAR-NK疗法可适用于治疗被病原性生物体诸如细菌、病毒或真菌感染的受试者。可被治疗的示例性真菌包括小孢子菌属(Microsporum)、毛癣菌属(Trichophyton)、表皮癣菌属(Epidermophyton)、申克氏孢子丝菌(Sporothrixschenckii)、新型隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioidesimmitis)、荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomycesdermatitidis)或白假丝酵母(Candida albican)。示例性病毒包括人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、疱疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、狂犬病病毒、流感病毒、人乳头状瘤病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、仙台病毒(Sendai virus)、猫白血病病毒、Reo病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、人血清细小样病毒、猿猴病毒40、呼吸道合胞病毒、小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、登革病毒(dengue virus)、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、腺病毒、人T细胞白血病病毒、艾伯斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)、鼠白血病病毒、腮腺炎病毒、水泡性口腔炎病毒、辛德毕斯病毒(Sindbis virus)、淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒或蓝舌病病毒。示例性细菌包括炭疽芽孢杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophilia)、化脓性链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、淋病奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、肺炎球菌属种(Pneumococcus spp.)、流感嗜血杆菌B(Hemophilis influenzae B)、梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)、莱姆病(Lyme disease)螺旋体、绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、麻风分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumleprae)、流产布鲁氏菌(Brucella abortus)、结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)或支原体(Mycoplasma)。针对感染物的ADC的示例性用途公开于Johannson等(AIDS 20:1911-15,2006)和Chang等,PLos One7:e41235,2012中。
针对病原体的已知抗体包括但不限于P4D10(抗HIV)、CR6261(抗流感)、艾韦单抗(exbivirumab)(抗乙型肝炎)、非维珠单抗(felvizumab)(抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、福拉韦单抗(foravirumab)(抗狂犬病病毒)、莫维珠单抗(motavizumab)(抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、帕利珠单抗(palivizu mab)(抗呼吸道合胞病毒)、帕诺库单抗(panobacumab)(抗假单胞菌)、瑞非韦单抗(rafivirumab)(抗狂犬病病毒)、瑞加韦单抗(regavirumab)(抗巨细胞病毒)、司韦单抗(sevirumab)(抗巨细胞病毒)、替韦单抗(tivi rumab)(抗乙型肝炎)和乌珠单抗(urtoxazumab)(抗大肠杆菌)。
主题药剂可与一种或多种其它免疫调节剂组合施用以增强免疫应答。免疫调节剂可包括但不限于细胞因子、趋化因子、干细胞生长因子、淋巴毒素、造血因子、集落刺激因子(CSF)、红血球生成素、血小板生成素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF)、TNF-β、粒细胞-集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、粒细胞巨噬细胞-集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、干扰素-α、干扰素-β、干扰素-γ、干扰素-λ、指定为“S1因子”的干细胞生长因子、人生长激素、N-甲硫氨酰基人生长激素、牛生长激素、甲状旁腺激素、甲状腺素、胰岛素、胰岛素原、松弛素、松弛素原、卵泡刺激激素(FSH)、甲状腺刺激激素(TSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、肝生长因子、前列腺素、纤维母细胞生长因子、促乳素、胎盘催乳素、OB蛋白、苗勒抑制物质(mullerian-inhibiting substance)、小鼠促性腺激素相关肽、抑制素、活化素、血管内皮生长因子、整联蛋白、NGF-β、血小板生长因子、TGF-α、TGF-β、胰岛素样生长因子-I、胰岛素样生长因子-II、巨噬细胞-CSF(M-CSF)、IL-1、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-21、IL-25、LIF、FLT-3、血管抑素、血栓反应素、内皮抑素或淋巴毒素。
附图简述
以下附图形成本说明书的一部分,并且被包括来进一步说明本发明的某些实施方案。实施方案可通过参照这些附图中的一者或多者,结合本文呈现的对特定实施方案的详细描述来更充分了解。
图1.一示例性CAR的示意图。附图将“(GGGGS)3”公开为SEQ ID NO:18。
图2.另一示例性CAR的示意图。
图3.在用未缀合的拉贝珠单抗(抗CEACAM5)预给药之后,缺乏对IMMU-130(包含SN-38和拉贝珠单抗的ADC)的抗肿瘤活性的影响。在裸小鼠GW-39人结肠癌肺转移模型(N=10)中,在以每周两次x2周方案进行固定剂量(12.5mg/kg)的IMMU-130的各次施用之前1天,以各种剂量(6.25mg/kg、12.5mg/kg、25mg/kg)添加未缀合的拉贝珠单抗。由Govindan等,2015,Mol Pharmaceutics,12:1836-47改适。
图4A.适用于用多HSG半抗原部分对抗体标记的一示例性顺丁烯二酰亚胺-(PEG)n-(HSG)肽(SEQ ID NO:23)的结构。
图4B.适用于用多半抗原部分对抗体标记的一示例性SM-(PEG)n部分的结构。
图5.hRS7-CAR的氨基酸序列。编码序列内的元件的组构显示在附图的顶部。完整序列(SEQ ID NO:26)包含CD8α的信号肽(SEQ ID NO:1)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)的Vk区(SEQ IDNO:28)、接头序列(SEQ ID NO:18)、hRS7的VH区(SEQ ID NO:12)、CD8α的铰链区(SEQ IDNO:2)、CD8α的跨膜区(SEQ ID NO:3)、4-1BB的细胞内结构域(SEQ ID NO:7)和CD3ζ的细胞内结构域(SEQ ID NO:5)。在一替代性实施方案中,可利用如Schonfeld等,US 20130280285中公开的最优化的CD8α铰链区(TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLD,SEQ IDNO:29)。
图6.hRS7-CAR模板的DNA序列(SEQ ID NO:27)。
图7.pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR慢病毒载体的示意图。
图8.hRS7在用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92ML上的表达。
图9.表达Trop-2的HCC1806细胞被用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92MI显著杀灭。
图10.由用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92MI诱导的增强的细胞毒性。
图11.hRS7在NK-92MI上的表达。从lenti-X293T细胞产生慢病毒粒子,并且上清液用于转导NK-92MI。在37℃和5%CO2下孵育48小时之后,通过WU-AF647在BD FACSCANTO流式细胞仪上评估细胞的hRS7表达。显示两个实验的结果。
图12.用pVLX-puro-hRS7-CAR转导的Nk-92MI细胞的直方图。详细描述
定义
除非另外规定,否则“一个(种)”意指“一个(种)或多个(种)”。
如本文所用,术语“和”和“或”可用于意指联合或分离。也就是说,除非另外陈述,否则两个术语均应被理解为等效于“和/或”。
“治疗剂”是适用于治疗疾病的原子、分子或化合物。治疗剂的实例包括抗体、抗体片段、肽、药物、毒素、酶、核酸酶、激素、免疫调节剂、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、螯合剂、硼化合物、光活性剂、染料和放射性同位素。
如本文所用的“抗体”是指全长(即天然存在或通过正常免疫球蛋白基因片段重组过程形成)免疫球蛋白分子(例如IgG抗体)或免疫球蛋白分子的免疫活性(即特异性结合)部分如抗体片段。“抗体”包括单克隆、多克隆、双特异性、多特异性、鼠、嵌合、人源化和人抗体。
“裸抗体”是未连接于治疗剂或诊断剂的抗体或其抗原结合片段。完整裸抗体的Fc部分可提供效应物功能诸如补体固定和ADCC(参见例如Markrides,Pharmacol Rev 50:59-87,1998)。裸抗体诱导细胞死亡所采用的其它机制可包括凋亡。(Vaswani和Hamilton,AnnAllergyAsthma Immunol 81:105-119,1998)。
“抗体片段”是完整抗体的一部分,诸如F(ab′)2、F(ab)2、Fab′、Fab、Fv、scFv或dAb。无论结构如何,如本文所用的抗体片段与由全长抗体识别的相同抗原结合。举例来说,抗体片段包括由可变区组成的经分离片段,诸如由重链和轻链的可变区组成的“Fv”片段或其中轻链可变区和重链可变区由肽接头连接的重组单链多肽分子(“scFv蛋白”)。“单链抗体”,常常缩写为“scFv”,由包含相互作用以形成抗原结合位点的VH结构域与VL结构域两者的多肽链组成。VH结构域和VL结构域通常由具有1至25个氨基酸残基的肽连接。抗体片段也包括双链抗体、三链抗体和单结构域抗体(dAb)。
“嵌合抗体”是含有源于一个物种的抗体(优选是啮齿动物抗体)的包括互补决定区(CDR)的可变结构域,而抗体分子的恒定结构域源于人抗体的恒定结构域的重组蛋白。对于兽医学应用,嵌合抗体的恒定结构域可源于诸如猫或狗的其它物种的恒定结构域。
“人源化抗体”是重组蛋白,其中将来自一个物种的抗体(例如啮齿动物抗体)的CDR从所述啮齿动物抗体的重可变链和轻可变链转移至包括人框架区(FR)序列的人重链可变结构域和轻链可变结构域中。抗体分子的恒定结构域源于人抗体的恒定结构域。为维持结合活性,来自亲本(例如鼠)抗体的有限数目的FR氨基酸残基可取代相应人FR残基。
“人抗体”是从已被遗传工程改造以响应于抗原激发来产生特定人抗体的转基因小鼠获得的抗体。在这个技术中,将人重链和轻链基因座的元件引入源于含有内源性重链和轻链基因座的靶向破坏的胚胎干细胞系的小鼠品系中。转基因小鼠可合成对人抗原具有特异性的人抗体,并且小鼠可用于产生分泌人抗体的杂交瘤。用于从转基因小鼠获得人抗体的方法由Green等,Nature Genet.7:13(1994),Lonberg等,Nature 368:856(1994),以及Taylor等,Int.Immun.6:579(1994)描述。也可通过全都在本领域中是已知的遗传或染色体转染方法以及噬菌体展示技术来构建人抗体。(对于从来自未免疫的供体的免疫球蛋白可变结构域基因谱系体外产生人抗体及其片段,参见例如McCafferty等,1990,Nature 348:552-553)。在这个技术中,将抗体可变结构域基因同框克隆至丝状噬菌体的主要或次要外壳蛋白基因中,并且以功能性抗体片段形式展示在噬菌体粒子的表面上。因为丝状粒子含有噬菌体基因组的单链DNA拷贝,所以基于抗体的功能性质的选择也导致对编码展现那些性质的抗体的基因的选择。以这种方式,噬菌体模拟B细胞的一些性质。噬菌体展示可以多种形式进行,对于它们的综述,参见例如Johnson和Chiswell,Current Opinion inStructural Biology 3:5564-571(1993)。人抗体也可由体外活化的B细胞产生。(参见美国专利号5,567,610和5,229,275)。
如本文所用,术语“抗体融合蛋白”是重组产生的抗原结合分子,其中抗体或抗体片段连接于另一蛋白质或肽,诸如相同或不同抗体或抗体片段或另一肽或蛋白质。融合蛋白可包含单一抗体组分、不同抗体组分的多价或多特异性组合、或相同抗体组分的多个拷贝。融合蛋白可另外包含抗体或抗体片段和治疗剂。
如果施用的量在生理上具有意义,那么本文所述的抗体制剂或组合物被称为以“治疗有效量”施用。如果药剂的存在导致接受受试者的生理发生可检测变化,那么它在生理上具有意义。在特定实施方案中,如果抗体制剂的存在激发抗肿瘤应答或缓和感染性疾病状态的征象和症状,那么它在生理上具有意义。在生理上具有意义的作用也可为对接受受试者中的体液和/或细胞免疫应答的唤起,从而导致靶细胞的生长抑制或死亡。
CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体
可如以下实施例中所公开来产生和使用CAR构建体。通常,构建体可包含连接于scFv、Fab或其它抗体部分的前导序列,通常在scFv与跨膜结构域之间具有铰链或其它接头。跨膜结构域将连接于细胞内信号传导结构域诸如CD28或CD3-ζ,并且通常将包括一个或多个如下讨论的共刺激结构域。
使用的CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体可包括本领域中已知的任何此类构建体。已报道广泛多种CAR构建体。Ren-Heidenreich等(2000,Hum Gene Ther 11:9-19)公开一种嵌合T细胞受体,其包含来自GA733.2(抗EGP-2)抗体的scFv直接融合于FcRlγ的跨膜/细胞质部分,或在scFv与γ链之间具有CD8α铰链。来自患者的活化的T细胞用抗CD3抗体离体刺激,接着用编码嵌合受体的重组逆转录病毒转导。
Urbanska等(2012,Cancer Res 72:1844-52)报道了包含并入抗生物素蛋白而非抗肿瘤抗体的生物素结合免疫受体(BBIR)的CAR构建体。在用生物素化抗EpCAM抗体标记肿瘤细胞之后,施用CAR-T细胞,并且通过抗生物素蛋白-生物素结合而定位于靶细胞。将CAR构建体并入慢病毒载体中,并且除BBIR之外,所述CAR构建体也含有CD8α铰链和跨膜序列,其连接于单独CD3-ζ的细胞内结构域,或与CD28细胞内结构域组合的CD3-ζ。在人卵巢癌的鼠异种移植物模型中直接肿瘤内注射BBIR-CAR-T细胞和生物素化抗体导致肿瘤生长降低。这些构建体进一步讨论于WO 2013/044225中。使用的额外共刺激细胞内结构域包括CD27、CD2、CD30、CD40、PD-1、LFA-1、CD7、LIGHT、NKG2C和B7-H3。使用的额外跨膜结构域可源于T细胞受体的α、β或ζ链、CD28、CD3ε、CD45、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64、CD80、CD86、CD134、CD137或CD154。
Sadelain等(2013,Cancer Discov 3:388-98)讨论本领域中已知的许多CAR和CAR-T构建体,其包含通过间隔子序列连接于CD3-ζ或CD28跨膜结构域的scFv结合部分,以及一个或多个细胞内效应物诸如CD3-ζ内部结构域、CD28内部结构域、OX40、4-1BB、Lck和/或ICOS。
Shirasu等(J Biomed Biotech 2012:853879)产生慢病毒CAR和CAR-T构建体,其并有CD8前导序列、源于完全人抗体的抗EpCAM scFv、CD8铰链、CD28跨膜和细胞内结构域以及CD3-ζ细胞内结构域。
Hermanson和Kaufman(2015,Front Immunol 6:195)报道用于CAR-NK细胞系中的众多CAR构建体,包括抗HER-2/mCD8α铰链/CD3ζ;抗CD20/mCD8α铰链/CD3ζ;抗CD19/CD8αTM/CD3ζ;抗EpC AM/CD8α铰链/CD28/CD3ζ;抗HLA-A2EBNA3C/CD8α铰链/CD28/CD3ζ;抗GD2/mCD8α铰链/CD3ζ;抗CS1/CD28TM/CD28/CD3ζ;抗CD138/CD8α铰链/CD3ζ;抗HER-2/CD8α铰链/CD137/CD3ζ;抗PSCA/CD28铰链/CD28TM/CD3ζ;和抗PSCA/DAP12TM和信号传导。普通技术人员将认识到CAR构建体的任何已知组分都可并入T细胞或NK细胞中以产生在本发明的范围内的CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞。
已报道其它共刺激性和共抑制性受体(参见例如Chen和Flies,Nat Rev Immunol12:227-42,2013),包括CD28、ICOS、CTLA4、PD1、PTLA、HVEM、CD27、4-1BB、OX40、DR3、DcR3、FAS(CD95)、GITR、CD30、CD40、SLAM、CD2、2B4、TIM1、TIM2、TIM3、TIM4、TNFR1(CD120a)、TNFR2(CD120b)、LTβR、Ly108、CD84、Ly9、CRACC、BTN1、BTN2、BTN3、TIGIT、CD226、CRTAM(CD355)、CD96、CD160、LAG3、LAIR1、B7-1、RANK(CD265)、TACI、BAFFR、BCMA、TWEAKR、EDAR、XEDAR、RELT、DR6、TROY、NGFR、OPG、TRAILR1-4和B7-H1。可将T细胞依赖性免疫应答的这些或其它已知辅因子并入主题CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK中,或者可选地可作为CAR-T或CAR-NK免疫疗法的佐剂施用。
尽管大多数CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体已基于scFv抗体片段来靶向疾病细胞,但也已公开出于这个目的使用其它抗体片段。在一示例性公开中,Nolan等(1999,ClinCancer Res 5:3928-41)公开使用抗CEA Fab抗体片段来制备嵌合免疫球蛋白-T细胞受体。直接比较显示对于表达和抗原结合来说,Fab片段与scFv片段同样有效。Fab片段在抗原结合亲和力的稳定性方面可优于scFv片段。
CAR序列将被并入表达载体中。各种表达载体在本领域中是已知的,并且可利用任何此类载体。在优选实施方案中,载体将为逆转录病毒或慢病毒载体。用于遗传操作NK细胞以达成癌症免疫疗法的技术已由Carlsten和Childs(2015,Front Immunol 6:266)讨论。用于NK细胞感染的病毒载体已主要包括逆转录病毒和慢病毒载体(Carlsten和Childs,2015)。然而,经受逆转录病毒转导的原代NK细胞的活力降低可限制这个方法(Carlsten和Childs,2015)。慢病毒转导已稍微更加有效,具有15%至40%的效率(Carlsten和Childs,2015)。通过电穿孔或脂质体转染达成的转染据报道相比于病毒转导,导致对凋亡的较低诱导,伴有更快速但短暂的转基因表达(Carlsten和Childs,2015)。用于使功效增加的策略已包括用IL-2或IL-15(促进克隆持续性和扩大)、CCR7和CXCR3(以改进迁移)、以及各种基因诸如CAR、CD17、IL-2、IL-15、NKG2A和双重阴性TGF-β II受体(以增加细胞毒性)转导。熟练技术人员将认识到已知使用于CAR、CAR-T和CAR-NK构建体的这些和其它效应物可用于本发明方法和组合物中。
干扰素疗法
在各种实施方案中,CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体可与一种或多种干扰素诸如干扰素-α、干扰素-β或干扰素-λ组合使用。人干扰素在本领域中是熟知的,并且人干扰素的氨基酸序列可易于从公共数据库获得(例如GenBank登录号AAA52716.1;AAA52724;AAC41702.1;EAW56871.1;EAW56870.1;EAW56869.1)。人干扰素也可从多个供应商(例如Cell SignalingTechnology,Inc.,Danvers,MA;Genentech,South San Francisco,CA;EMD Millipore,Billerica,MA)商购获得。
已报道干扰素-α(IFNα)在癌症的动物模型(Ferrantini等,1994,J Immunol 153:4604-15)和人癌症患者(Gutterman等,1980,Ann Intern Med 93:399-406)中具有抗肿瘤活性。IFNα可施加多种直接抗肿瘤作用,包括下调致癌基因,上调肿瘤抑制剂,通过增加肿瘤表面I类MHC蛋白的表达来增强免疫识别,增强凋亡,以及使得对化学治疗剂敏感(Gutterman等,1994,PNAS USA 91:1198-205;Matarrese等,2002,Am JPathol 160:1507-20;Mecchia等,2000,Gene Ther7:167-79;Sabaawy等,1999,Int J Oncol 14:1143-51;Takaoka等,2003,Nature424:516-23)。对于一些肿瘤,IFNα可通过使STAT1活化而具有直接和强效抗增殖作用(Grimley等,1998Blood 91:3017-27)。干扰素-α2b已被缀合于抗肿瘤抗体诸如hL243抗HLA-DR抗体,并且在体外和在体内使淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤细胞消减(Rossi等,2011,Blood118:1877-84)。
间接地,IFNα可抑制血管生成(Sidky和Borden,1987,Cancer Res 47:5155-61),并且刺激宿主免疫细胞,此对于总体抗肿瘤应答可为至关重要的,但已基本上未得到重视(Belardelli等,1996,Immunol Today 17:369-72)。IFNα通过对骨髓细胞(Raefsky等,1985,J lmmunol135:2507-12;Luft等,1998,J Immunol 161:1947-53)、T细胞(Carrero等,2006,J Exp Med 203:933-40;Pilling等,1999,Eur J Immunol29:1041-50)和B细胞(Le等,2001,Immunity14:461-70)的作用来对免疫应答具有多效性影响。作为先天性免疫系统的重要调节剂,IFNα诱导树突细胞的快速分化和活化(Belardelli等,2004,Cancer Res64:6827-30;Paquette等,1998,J Leukoc Biol 64:358-67;Santini等,2000,J Exp Med 191:1777-88),并且增强NK细胞的细胞毒性、迁移、细胞因子产生和抗体依赖性细胞性细胞毒性(ADCC)(Biron等,1999,Ann Rev Immunol 17:189-220;Brunda等1984,Cancer Res44:597-601)。
已报道干扰素-β有效用于对多种实体肿瘤的疗法。在完全切除或摘除患有HCV相关肝癌的患者中的原发性肿瘤之后,用600万单位的IFN-β一周两次治疗36个月的患者显示肝细胞癌的复发降低(Ikeda等,2000,Hepatology 32:228-32)。用干扰素-β进行的基因疗法诱导神经胶质瘤、黑素瘤和肾细胞癌的凋亡(Yoshida等,2004,Cancer Sci 95:858-65)。已观察到内源性IFN-β通过抑制体内血管生成来抑制肿瘤生长(Jablonska等,2010,J ClinInvest.120:1151-64)。
指定为III型干扰素的IFN-λ是由IFN-λ1、IFN-λ2、IFN-λ3(也分别被称为白介素-29、白介素-28A和白介素-28B)组成的一组新近描述的细胞因子,其由位于染色体19上的3个不同基因遗传编码(Kotenko等,2003,Nat Immunol 4:69-77;Sheppard等,2003,NatImmunol 4:63-8)。在蛋白质水平上,IFN-λ2和IFN-λ3是高度同源的,具有96%氨基酸同一性,而IFN-λ1与IFN-λ2和IFN-λ3共有约81%同源性(Sheppard等,2003,Nat Immunol 4:63-8)。与由I型IFN诱导的信号转导类似,IFN-λ使通过JAK/STAT路径达成的信号转导活化,包括JAK1和TYK2激酶的活化,STAT蛋白的磷酸化和IFN刺激基因因子3(ISGF3)的转录复合物的活化(Witte等,2010,Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 21:237-51;Zhou等,2007,J Virol81:7749-58)。
III型IFN系统与I型IFN系统之间的主要差异是它们的相应受体复合物的分布。IFN-α/β通过两种广泛表达的I型干扰素受体来进行信号传导,并且所引起的与施用IFN-α/β相关的全身毒性已限制它们用作治疗剂(Pestka等,2007,JBiol Chem 282:20047-51)。相比之下,IFN-λ通过由独特IFN-λ受体1(IFN-λR1)和IL-10受体2(IL-10R2)组成的异二聚受体复合物来进行信号传导。如先前所报道(Witte等,2009,Genes Immun 10:702-14),IFN-λR1具有极其限定的表达样式,其中在上皮细胞、黑素细胞和肝细胞中的水平最高,并且在原发性中枢神经系统(CNS)细胞中的水平最低。血液免疫系统细胞表达高水平的抑制IFN-λ作用的短IFN-λ受体剪接变体(sIFN-λR1)。神经元细胞和免疫细胞的有限应答性暗示经常与IFN-α疗法相关的重度毒性在IFN-λ的情况下可不存在或显著降低(Witte等,2009,GenesImmun10:702-14;Witte等,2010,Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 21:237-51)。一新近出版物报道尽管IFN-α和IFN-λ诱导肝细胞中一组共同ISG(干扰素刺激基因)的表达,但不同于IFN-α,施用IFN-λ不诱导纯化的淋巴细胞或单核细胞中的STAT活化或ISG表达(Dickensheets等,2013,JLeukoc Biol.93,2012年12月20日在线出版)。表明IFN-λ可优于IFN-α用于治疗慢性HCV感染,因为诱发常常与IFN-α疗法相关的白血球减少症的可能性较小(Dickensheets等,2013)。
IFN-λ显示与IL-10相关细胞因子类似的结构特征,但在功能上具有I型IFN样抗病毒和抗增殖活性(Witte等,2009,Genes Immun10:702-14;Ank等,2006,J Virol80:4501-9;Robek等,2005,J Virol79:3851-4)。已证明IFN-λ1和IFN-λ2使各种病毒的病毒复制或致细胞病变作用降低,所述病毒包括DNA病毒(乙型肝炎病毒(Robek等,2005,J Virol79:3851-4,Doyle等,2006,Hepatology 44:896-906)和单纯疱疹病毒2(Ank等,2008,J Immunol180:2474-85))、ss(+)RNA病毒(EMCV;Sheppard等,2003,Nat Immunol4:63-8)和丙型肝炎病毒(Robek等,2005,J Virol79:3851-4,Doyle等,2006,Hepatology44:896-906;Marcello等,2006,Gastroenterol 131:1887-98;Pagliaccetti等,2008,J Biol Chem 283:30079-89)、ss(-)RNA病毒(水泡性口腔炎病毒;Pagliaccetti等,2008,J BiolChem 283:30079-89)和甲型流感病毒(Jewell等,2010,J Virol84:11515-22)以及双链RNA病毒诸如轮状病毒(Pott等,2011,PNAS USA 108:7944049)。IFN-λ3已由遗传研究鉴定为HCV感染中的关键细胞因子(Ge等,2009,Nature461:399-401),并且也已显示针对EMCV的强效活性(Dellgren等,2009,Genes Immun 10:125-31)。鼻病毒诱导的IFN-λ产生的缺乏性据报道与鼻病毒诱发的哮喘恶化的严重性高度相关(Contoli等,2006,Nature Med 12:1023-26),并且IFN-λ疗法已被建议作为一种用于治疗过敏性哮喘的新方法(Edwards和Johnston,2011,EMBOMol Med3:306-8;Koltsida等,2011,EMBO Mol Med 3:348-61)。
已确定IFN-λ在若干人癌细胞系中的抗增殖活性,所述癌细胞系包括神经内分泌癌BON1(Zitzmann等,2006,Biochem Biophys Res Commun 344:1334-41)、胶质母细胞瘤LN319(Meager等,2005,Cytokine 31:109-18)、永生化角质化细胞HaCaT(Maher等,2008,Cancer Biol Ther 7:1109-15)、黑素瘤F01(Guenterberg等,2010,Mol Cancer Ther 9:510-20)和食道癌TE-11(Li等,2010,Eur J Cancer46:180-90)。在动物模型中,IFN-λ通过先天性和适应性免疫应答来诱导肿瘤凋亡与破坏两者,从而表明在治疗人恶性肿瘤时,局部递送IFN-λ可能是一种适用的辅助策略(Numasaki等,2007,J Immunol178:5086-98)。Fab连接的干扰素-λ被证明在所靶向细胞中具有强效抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性(Liu等,2013,PLoSOne 8:e63940)。
在临床环境中,聚乙二醇化IFN-λ1(PEG-IFN-λ1)已被暂时用于患有慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染的患者。在Ib期研究(n=56)中,在所有剂量水平(0.5-3.0μg/kg)下都观察到抗病毒活性,并且当向在IFN-α疗法之后复发的基因型1HCV患者施用PEG-IFN-λ1时,病毒载量降低2.3至4.0个对数(Muir等,2010,Hepatology 52:822-32)。IIb期研究(n=526)显示相较于PEG-IFN-α,具有HCV基因型1和4的患者对用PEG-IFN-λ1进行的治疗具有显著更高响应率。同时,相比于在PEG-IFN-α的情况下,通常与I型干扰素治疗相关的不利事件的比率在PEG-IFN-λ1的情况下更低。偶尔观察到嗜中性白细胞减少和血小板减少,并且流感样症状、贫血和肌肉骨骼症状的比率降低至在PEG-IFN-α治疗的情况下观察到的比率的约1/3。然而,在PEG-IFN-λ1与PEG-IFN-α之间,严重不利事件、抑郁和其它常见不利事件的比率(≥10%)是类似的。相较于PEG-IFN-α,在最高剂量PEG-IFN-λ1的情况下观察到更高肝细胞毒性比率(“Investigational Compound PEG-Interferon Lambda Achieved HigherResponse Rates with Fewer Flu-like and Musculoskeletal Symptoms andCytopenias Than PEG-Interferon Alfa in Phase IIb Study of 526Treatment-NaiveHepatitis C Patients”,2011年4月2日,来自Bristol-Myers Squibb的新闻稿)。
IFN的治疗有效性迄今为止已通过以下方式而得以验证:监管核准IFN-α2用于治疗毛细胞白血病、慢性骨髓源性白血病、恶性黑素瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤、尖锐湿疣、AID相关的卡波西肉瘤(Kaposi sarcoma)以及慢性乙型和丙型肝炎;IFN-β用于治疗多发性硬化症;以及IFN-y用于治疗慢性肉芽肿病和恶性骨硬化病。当与CAR-T或CAR-NK和/或其它药剂一起使用时,干扰素可在其它药剂之前、与其并行、或在其之后施用。当并行施用时,可使干扰素缀合于其它药剂,或与其它药剂分开。
检查点抑制剂抗体
在某些实施方案中,CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体可与一种或多种检查点抑制剂诸如检查点抑制剂抗体组合利用。以用于癌症疗法的检查点抑制剂抗体进行的研究已在先前被认为对癌症治疗具有抗性的癌症的情况下产生空前响应率(参见例如Ott和Bhardwaj,2013,Frontiers in Immunology 4:346;Menzies和Long,2013,Ther Adv Med Oncol 5:278-85;Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-64;Mavilio和Lugli)。用针对免疫系统检查点诸如CTLA4、PD1和PD-L1的拮抗性检查点阻断抗体进行的疗法是一种最有前景的用于癌症和其它疾病的新免疫治疗途径。
与大多数抗癌剂相比,检查点抑制剂不直接靶向肿瘤细胞,而是靶向淋巴细胞受体或它们的配体以增强免疫系统的内源性抗肿瘤活性。(Pardoll,2012,Nature ReviewsCancer 12:252-264)因为此类抗体主要通过调控对患病细胞、组织或病原体的免疫应答来起作用,所以它们可与其它治疗形式诸如主题CAR-T或CAR-NK组合用于增强此类药剂的抗肿瘤作用。因为检查点活化也可与慢性感染相关(Nirschl和Drake,2013,Clin Cancer Res19:4917-24),所以此类组合疗法也可适用于治疗感染性疾病。
现在明确的是肿瘤可通过征用特别是对肿瘤抗原具有特异性的T细胞中的某些免疫检查点路径来逃脱免疫监视(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。因为许多此类免疫检查点通过配体-受体相互作用来引发,所以它们可易于由针对配体和/或它们的受体的抗体阻断(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。尽管针对CTLA4、PD1和PD-L1的检查点抑制剂抗体在临床上最被推进,但其它潜在检查点抗原是已知的,并且可用作治疗性抗体的靶标,诸如LAG3、B7-H3、B7-H4和TIM3(Pardoll,2012,NatureReviews Cancer 12:252-264)。
程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD1,也称为CD279)编码免疫球蛋白超家族的细胞表面膜蛋白质,其在B细胞和NK细胞中表达(Shinohara等,1995,Genomics 23:704-6;Blank等,2007,Cancer Immunol Immunother 56:739-45;Finger等,1997,Gene 197:177-87;Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。PD1的主要作用在于限制在应答于感染的炎症期间外周组织中的T细胞的活性,以及限制自体免疫性(Pardoll,2012,NatureReviews Cancer 12:252-264)。在活化的T细胞中,PD1表达被诱导,并且PD1与它的一种内源性配体的结合通过抑制刺激性激酶来起抑制T细胞活化的作用(Pardoll,2012,NatureReviews Cancer 12:252-264)。PD1也起抑制TCR“终止信号”的作用(Pardoll,2012,NatureReviews Cancer 12:252-264)。PD1在Treg细胞上高度表达,并且可在配体存在下使它们的增殖增加(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。
抗PD1抗体已用于治疗黑素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、头颈部癌、三阴性乳腺癌、白血病、淋巴瘤和肾细胞癌(Topalian等,2012,N Engl J Med 366:2443-54;Lipson等,2013,Clin Cancer Res 19:462-8;Berger等,2008,Clin CancerRes14:3044-51;Gildener-Leapman等,2013,Oral Oncol 49:1089-96;Menzies和Long,2013,Ther Adv Med Oncol 5:278-85)。因为PD1/PD-L1和CTLA4通过不同路径来起作用,所以有可能与针对各自的检查点抑制剂抗体的组合疗法可提供增强的免疫应答。
示例性抗PD1抗体包括兰罗利珠单抗(MK-3475,MERCK)、纳武单抗(BMS-936558,BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB)、AMP-224(ME RCK)和匹迪珠单抗(CT-011,CURETECH LTD.)。抗PD1抗体可例如从(AB137132)、(EH12.2H7、RMP1-14)和AFFYMETRIX EBIOSCIENCE(J105、J116、MIH4)商购获得。
程序性细胞死亡1配体1(PD-L1,也称为CD274和B7-H1)是PD1的配体,见于活化的T细胞、B细胞、骨髓细胞和巨噬细胞上。尽管存在PD1的两种内源性配体,即PD-L1和PD-L2,但抗肿瘤疗法已集中于抗PD-L1抗体。PD1和PD-L1的复合物抑制CD8+T细胞的增殖,并且使免疫应答降低(Topalian等,2012,N Engl J Med366:2443-54;Brahmer等,2012,N Eng J Med366:2455-65)。抗PD-L1抗体已用于治疗非小细胞肺癌、黑素瘤、结肠直肠癌、肾细胞癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌和血液学恶性肿瘤(Brahmer等,N Eng J Med 366:2455-65;Ott等,2013,Clin Cancer Res 19:5300-9;Radvanyi等,2013,Clin Cancer Res 19:5541;Menzies和Long,2013,Ther Adv Med Oncol 5:278-85;Berger等,2008,Clin CancerRes14:13044-51)。
示例性抗PD-L1抗体包括MDX-1105(MEDAREX)、MEDI4736(MEDIMMUNE)、MPDL3280A(GENENTECH)和BMS-936559(BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB)。抗PD-L1抗体也可例如从AFFYMETRIXEBIOSCIENCE(MIH1)商购获得。
细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4(CTLA4,也称为CD152)也是免疫球蛋白超家族的仅在T细胞上表达的成员。CTLA4起抑制T细胞活化的作用,并且据报道会抑制辅助T细胞活性以及增强调节性T细胞免疫抑制活性(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。尽管CTLA4的确切作用机制仍然处于探究中,但已表明它通过在竞争中胜过CD28与CD80和CD86结合,以及主动地将抑制剂信号递送至T细胞来抑制T细胞活化(Pardoll,2012,NatureReviews Cancer12:252-264)。抗CTL4A抗体已在临床试验中用于治疗黑素瘤、前列腺癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(Robert和Ghiringhelli,2009,Oncologist 14:848-61;Ott等,2013,Clin Cancer Res 19:5300;Weber,2007,Oncologist 12:864-72;Wada等,2013,JTransl Med 11:89)。抗CTL4A的一重要特征是抗肿瘤作用的动力学,其中在为生理应答所需的初始治疗之后伴有多达6个月的迟滞期(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。在一些情况下,在治疗启动之后,在观察到降低之前,肿瘤在尺寸方面可实际上增加(Pardoll,2012,Nature Reviews Cancer 12:252-264)。
示例性抗CTLA4抗体包括伊匹单抗(Bristol-Myers Squibb)和曲美木单抗(PFIZER)。抗PD1抗体可例如从(AB134090)、SINO BIOLOGICAL INC.(11159-H03H、11159-H08H)和THERMO SCIENTIFIC PIERCE(PA5-29572、PA5-23967、PA5-26465、MA1-12205、MA1-35914)商购获得。伊匹单抗近来已收到FDA核准用于治疗转移性黑素瘤(Wada等,2013,J Transl Med 11:89)。
普通技术人员将认识到确定检查点抑制剂抗体的待向有此需要的患者单独或与一种或多种其它药剂组合施用的最优剂量的方法可通过本领域中熟知的标准剂量-响应和毒性研究来确定。在一示例性实施方案中,检查点抑制剂抗体可优选在约0.3-10mg/kg或最大耐受剂量下施用,约每3周或约每6周加以施用。或者,检查点抑制剂抗体可通过逐步提高剂量的方案来施用,包括施用在约3mg/kg下的第一剂量、在约5mg/kg下的第二剂量以及在约9mg/kg下的第三剂量。或者,逐步提高剂量的方案包括施用检查点抑制剂抗体的在约5mg/kg下的第一剂量和在约9mg/kg下的第二剂量。另一逐步提高剂量的方案可包括施用检查点抑制剂抗体的约3mg/kg的第一剂量、约3mg/kg的第二剂量、约5mg/kg的第三剂量、约5mg/kg的第四剂量以及约9mg/kg的第五剂量。在另一方面,逐步提高剂量的方案可包括施用5mg/kg的第一剂量、5mg/kg的第二剂量以及9mg/kg的第三剂量。检查点抑制剂mAb的示例性报道剂量包括3mg/kg伊匹单抗,每3周施用,持续4次剂量;10mg/kg伊匹单抗,每3周,持续8个循环;10mg/kg,每3周,持续4个循环,接着每12周,持续总计3年;10mg/kg MK-3475,每2周或每3周;2mg/kgMK-3475,每3周;15mg/kg曲美木单抗,每3个月;0.1、0.3、1、3或10mg/kg纳武单抗,每2周,持续多达96周;0.3、1、3或10mg/kgBMS-936559,每2周,持续多达96周(Kyi和Postow,2013年10月23日,FEBS Lett[先于印刷的电子出版];Callahan和Wolchok,2013,J Leukoc Biol 94:41-53)。
刺激对肿瘤和/或病原体的免疫应答的这些和其它已知药剂可与单独或进一步与干扰素诸如干扰素-α和/或抗体-药物缀合物组合的CAR-T或CAR-NK组合用于达成癌症疗法改进。可组合使用的其它已知共刺激性路径调节剂包括但不限于阿托莫德(agatolimod)、贝拉西普(belatacept)、博纳吐单抗(blinatumomab)、CD40配体、抗B7-1抗体、抗B7-2抗体、抗B7-H4抗体、AG4263、依立托伦(eritoran)、抗OX40抗体、ISF-154和SGN-70;B7-1、B7-2、ICAM-1、ICAM-2、ICAM-3、CD48、LFA-3、CD30配体、CD40配体、热稳定抗原、B7h、OX40配体、LIGHT、CD70和CD24。
在某些实施方案中,抗KIR抗体也可与CAR-T或CAR-NK、干扰素、ADC和/或检查点抑制剂抗体组合使用。NK细胞通过自发性细胞毒性以及当由抗体活化时通过ADCC来介导抗肿瘤和抗感染物活性(Kohrt等,2014,Blood,123:678-86)。细胞毒性应答的程度由NK细胞收到的抑制信号和活化信号的平衡决定(Kohrt等,2013)。杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)介导使NK细胞应答降低的抑制信号。抗KIR抗体诸如利丽单抗(Innate Pharma)和IPH2101(Innate Pharma)已在多发性骨髓瘤的情况下显示抗肿瘤活性(Benson等,2012,Blood120:4324-33)。在体外,抗KIR抗体防止NK细胞与靶细胞的致耐受性相互作用,并且加强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性应答(Kohrt等,2014,Blood,123:678-86)。在体内,与利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)组合,抗KIR抗体在0.5mg/kg的剂量下诱导针对淋巴瘤的增强的NK细胞介导的利妥昔单抗依赖性细胞毒性(Kohrt等,2014,Blood,123:678-86)。抗KIR mAb可与ADC、CAR-T或CAR-NK、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体组合以增强对肿瘤细胞或病原性生物体的细胞毒性。
抗体-药物缀合物
主题CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体可与一种或多种标准抗癌疗法诸如手术、放射疗法、化学疗法等组合利用。在特定实施方案中,可在使用肿瘤减积疗法诸如手术、化学疗法或免疫疗法之后施用CAR-T或CAR-NK。一优选实施方案利用CAR-T或CAR-NK与抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)组合。
ADC是一类允许将细胞毒性剂靶向递送至靶细胞诸如癌细胞的强效治疗性构建体。由于具有靶向功能,所以相较于相同全身性递送的药剂,这些化合物显示高得多的治疗指数。ADC已以完整抗体或抗体片段诸如scFv形式加以开发。通过在生理条件下稳定,但一旦在靶细胞内部即可被裂解的接头使抗体或片段连接于一个或多个拷贝的药物。核准供治疗使用的ADC包括用于AML的吉妥单抗奥佐米星(随后退出市场)、用于ALCL和霍奇金淋巴瘤的本妥昔单抗维多汀、以及用于HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌的曲妥珠单抗埃姆坦辛(Ver ma等,2012,N Engl J Med 367:1783-91;Bross等,2001,Clin Can cer Res 7:1490-96;Francisco等,2003,Blood 102:1458-65)。众多其它候选ADC当前处于临床测试中,诸如奥英妥珠单抗奥佐米星(Pf izer)、格巴妥莫单抗维多汀(Celldex Therapeutics)、SAR3419(Sanofi-Aventis)、SAR56658(Sanofi-Aventis)、AMG-172(Amgen)、AMG-595(Amgen)、BAY-94-9343(Bayer)、BIIB015(Biogen Idec)、BT062(Biot est)、SGN-75(Seattle Genetics)、SGN-CD19A(Seattle Genetics)、沃瑟珠单抗玛伏多汀(Seattle Genetics)、ABT-414(AbbVie)、ASG-5ME(Agensys)、ASG-22ME(Agensys)、ASG-16M8F(Agensys)、IMGN-529(ImmunoGen)、IMGN-853(ImmunoGen)、MDX-1203(Medarex)、MLN-0264(Millenium)、RG-7450(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7458(Roche/G enentech)、RG-7593(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7596(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7598(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7599(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7600(Roche/Genentech)、RG-7636(Roche/Genentech)、抗PSMA ADC(Pr ogenics)、洛妥珠单抗莫坦辛(ImmunoGen)、米拉珠单抗-多柔比星(I mmunomedics)、IMMU-130(Immunomedics)、IMMU-132(Immunome dics)以及前-2-吡咯啉并多柔比星的抗体缀合物。(参见例如Li等,2013,Drug Disc Ther 7:178-84;Firer和Gellerman,J Hematol Oncol5:70;Beck等,2010,Discov Med 10:329-39;Mullard,2013,Nature Rev Drug Discovery 12:329,美国专利号8,877,202;9,095,628)。由于ADC具有充当全身毒性降低的强效抗癌剂的潜力,所以它们可单独或作为辅助疗法用于降低肿瘤负荷。
在特别优选实施方案中,使用的ADC可选自由IMMU-130(hMN-14-SN-38)、IMMU-132(hRS7-SN-38)、其它抗体-SN-38缀合物、或2-吡咯啉并多柔比星的前药形式(P2PDOX)的抗体缀合物组成的组。(参见例如美国专利号7,999,083;8,080,250;8,741,300;8,759,496;8,999,344;8,877,202和9,028,833,各自的附图和实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。
一般性抗体技术
用于制备针对实际上任何靶抗原的单克隆抗体的技术在本领域中是熟知的。参见例如Kohler和Milstein,Nature 256:495(1975),以及Coligan等(编),CURRENT PROTOCOLSIN IMMUNOLOGY,第1卷,第2.5.1-2.6.7页(John Wiley和Sons 1991)。简要来说,可通过以下方式来获得单克隆抗体:用包含抗原的组合物注射小鼠,移除脾以获得B淋巴细胞,使B淋巴细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合以产生杂交瘤,克隆杂交瘤,选择产生针对所述抗原的抗体的阳性克隆,培养产生针对所述抗原的抗体的克隆,以及从杂交瘤培养物分离抗体。
可通过多种明确确定的技术从杂交瘤培养物分离和纯化MAb。此类分离技术包括用蛋白A琼脂糖进行的亲和色谱法、尺寸排阻色谱法和离子交换色谱法。参见例如Coligan,第2.7.1-2.7.12页和第2.9.1-2.9.3页。也参见Baines等,“Purification ofImmunoglobulin G(IgG)”,METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,第10卷,第79-104页(TheHumana Press,Inc.1992)。
在初始产生针对免疫原的抗体之后,可对抗体测序,并且随后通过重组技术制备。鼠抗体和抗体片段的人源化和嵌合化为本领域技术人员所熟知。使用源于人源化、嵌合或人抗体的抗体组分会免除与鼠恒定区的免疫原性相关的潜在问题。普通技术人员将认识到对于人治疗使用,与人抗原的动物同源物相对比,结合所述人抗原的抗体是优选的。
嵌合抗体
嵌合抗体是重组蛋白,其中人抗体的可变区已被例如小鼠抗体的包括所述小鼠抗体的互补决定区(CDR)的可变区替换。当向受试者施用时,嵌合抗体展现降低的免疫原性和增加的稳定性。用于克隆鼠免疫球蛋白可变结构域的一般性技术例如公开于Orlandi等,Proc.Nat′l Acad.Sci.USA 86:3833(1989)中。用于构建嵌合抗体的技术为本领域技术人员所熟知。举例来说,Leung等,Hybridoma13:469(1994)通过使编码作为抗CD22单克隆抗体的鼠LL2的Vκ结构域和VH结构域的DNA序列与相应人κ和IgG1恒定区结构域组合来产生LL2嵌合体。
人源化抗体
用于产生人源化MAb的技术在本领域中是熟知的(参见例如Jones等,Nature 321:522(1986),Riechmann等,Nature 332:323(1988),Verhoeyen等,Science 239:1534(1988),Carter等,Proc.Nat′l Acad.Sci.USA 89:4285(1992),Sandhu,Crit.Rev.Biotech.12:437(1992),以及Singer等,J.Immun.150:2844(1993))。可通过将来自小鼠免疫球蛋白的重可变链和轻可变链的小鼠CDR转移至人抗体的相应可变结构域中来使嵌合或鼠单克隆抗体人源化。嵌合单克隆抗体中的小鼠框架区(FR)也用人FR序列替换。因为仅将小鼠CDR转移至人FR中常常导致抗体亲和力降低或甚至丧失,所以可能需要额外修改以恢复鼠抗体的原始亲和力。这可通过用FR区中一个或多个人残基的鼠对应物替换它们以获得对它的表位具有良好结合亲和力的抗体来实现。参见例如Tempest等,Biotechnology 9:266(1991)以及Verhoeyen等,Science 239:1534(1988)。通常,不同于它们的鼠对应物,并且接近于或接触一个或多个CDR氨基酸残基加以定位的那些人FR氨基酸残基将为取代候选物。
人抗体
用于使用组合方法或用人免疫球蛋白基因座转化的转基因动物产生完全人抗体的方法在本领域中是已知的(例如Mancini等,2004,New Microbiol.27:315-28;Conrad和Scheller,2005,Comb.Chem.High Throughput Screen.8:117-26;Brekke和Loset,2003,Curr.Opin.Phamacol.3:544-50)。也可通过全都在本领域中是已知的遗传或染色体转染方法以及噬菌体展示技术来构建完全人抗体。参见例如McCafferty等,Nature 348:552-553(1990)。预期此类完全人抗体比嵌合或人源化抗体展现甚至更少副作用,并且在体内充当基本上内源性人抗体。在某些实施方案中,所要求保护的方法和程序可利用通过此类技术产生的人抗体。
在一个替代方案中,噬菌体展示技术可用于产生人抗体(例如Dantas-Barbosa等,2005,Genet.Mol.Res.4:126-40)。可从正常人或从展现诸如癌症的特定疾病状态的人产生人抗体(Dantas-Barbosa等,2005)。从患病个体构建人抗体的优势在于循环抗体谱系可偏向针对疾病相关抗原的抗体。
在这个方法学的一个非限制性实例中,Dantas-Barbosa等(2005)构建来自骨肉瘤患者的人Fab抗体片段的噬菌体展示文库。通常,从循环血液淋巴细胞获得总RNA(同前)。从μ、γ和κ链抗体谱系克隆重组Fab,并且插入噬菌体展示文库中(同前)。使RNA转换成cDNA,并且用于使用针对重链和轻链免疫球蛋白序列的特定引物制备Fab cDNA文库(Marks等,1991,J.Mol.Biol.222:581-97)。根据Andris-Widhopf等(2000,PHAGE DISPLAYLABORATORY MANUAL,Barbas等(编),第1版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,ColdSpring Harbor,NY第9.1至9.22页)进行文库构建。用限制核酸内切酶消化最终Fab片段,并且插入噬菌体基因组中以制备噬菌体展示文库。可通过如本领域中已知的标准噬菌体展示方法来筛选此类文库(参见例如Pasqualini和Ruoslahti,1996,Nature380:364-366;Pasqualini,1999,The Quart.J.Nucl.Med.43:159-162)。
噬菌体展示可以多种形式进行,对于它们的综述,参见例如Johnson和Chiswell,Current Opinion in Structural Biology 3:5564-571(1993)。人抗体也可由体外活化的B细胞产生。参见美国专利号5,567,610和5,229,275,其以引用的方式整体并入本文。熟练技术人员将认识到这些技术是示例性的,并且可利用用于制备和筛选人抗体或抗体片段的任何已知方法。
在另一替代方案中,已被遗传工程改造以产生人抗体的转基因动物可用于使用标准免疫方案来产生针对基本上任何免疫原性靶标的抗体。用于从转基因小鼠获得人抗体的方法由Green等,Nature Genet.7:13(1994),Lonberg等,Nature 368:856(1994),以及Taylor等,Int.Immun.6:579(1994)公开。此类系统的一非限制性实例是来自Abgenix(Fremont,CA)的(例如Green等,1999,J.Immunol.Methods 231:11-23)。在这些和类似动物中,小鼠抗体基因已被失活并由功能性人抗体基因替换,而小鼠免疫系统的其余部分保持完整。
用种系配置的YAC(酵母人工染色体)转化所述YAC沿辅助基因和调控序列含有人IgH和Igκ基因座的各部分,包括大多数可变区序列。人可变区谱系可用于产生产生抗体的B细胞,其可通过已知技术来处理成杂交瘤。用靶抗原免疫的将通过正常免疫应答产生人抗体,其可通过以上讨论的标准技术来收获和/或产生。多种品系的是可用的,其各自能够产生不同类别的抗体。已显示转基因产生的人抗体具有治疗潜力,同时保留正常人抗体的药物动力学性质(Green等,1999)。熟练技术人员将认识到所要求保护的组合物和方法不限于使用系统,而是可利用已被遗传工程改造以产生人抗体的任何转基因动物。
抗体克隆和产生
诸如产生嵌合或人源化抗体的各种技术可涉及抗体克隆和构建程序。可通过多种分子克隆程序诸如RT-PCR、5’-RACE和cDNA文库筛选来获得目标抗体的结合抗原的Vκ(可变轻链)和VH(可变重链)序列。可通过PCR扩增来克隆来自表达鼠抗体的细胞的抗体的V基因并测序。为确认它们的真实性,可使克隆的VL和VH基因以嵌合Ab形式在细胞培养物中表达,如由Orlandi等(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,86:3833(1989))所述。基于V基因序列,可接着如由Leung等(Mol.Immunol.,32:1413(1995))所述来设计和构建人源化抗体。
可通过一般性分子克隆技术从产生鼠抗体的任何已知杂交瘤株系或经转染细胞系制备cDNA(Sambrook等,Molecular Cloning,A laboratory manual,第2版(1989))。可使用引物VK1BACK和VK1FOR(Orlandi等,1989)或由Leung等(BioTechniques,15:286(1993))所述的延长引物组来扩增抗体的Vκ序列。可使用引物对VH1BACK/VH1FOR(Orlandi等,1989)或由Leung等(Hybridoma,13:469(1994))所述的与鼠IgG的恒定区退火的引物来扩增VH序列。如由Leung等(Mol.Immunol.,32:1413(1995))所述,可通过长寡核苷酸模板合成和PCR扩增的组合来构建人源化V基因。
可将Vκ的PCR产物亚克隆至含有Ig启动子、信号肽序列和适宜限制位点的阶段载体(staging vector)诸如基于pBR327的阶段载体VKpBR中。可将VH的PCR产物亚克隆至类似阶段载体诸如基于pBluescript的VHpBS中。可从VKpBR和VHpBS切除含有Vκ和VH序列以及启动子和信号肽序列的表达盒,并且分别连接至适当表达载体诸如pKh和pG1g中(Leung等,Hybridoma,13:469(1994))。可将表达载体共转染至适当细胞中,并且监测上清液中嵌合、人源化或人抗体的产生。或者,可切除Vκ和VH表达盒,并且亚克隆至诸如pdHL2的单一表达载体中,如由Gillies等(J.Immunol.Methods125:191(1989))所述以及Losman等,Cancer,80:2660(1997)中所示。
在一替代性实施方案中,可将表达载体转染至已被预先改适以达成在无血清培养基中转染、生长和表达的宿主细胞中。可使用的示例性细胞系包括Sp/EEE、Sp/ESF和Sp/ESF-X细胞系(参见例如美国专利号7,531,327;7,537,930和7,608,425;其各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。这些示例性细胞系基于Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞系,用突变Bcl-EEE基因转染,暴露于甲氨蝶呤以扩增转染的基因序列,并且预先改适成用于蛋白质表达的无血清细胞系。
抗体片段
可通过已知技术来产生识别特定表位的抗体片段。抗体片段是抗体的抗原结合部分,诸如F(ab′)2、Fab′、F(ab)2、Fab、Fv、scFv等。F(ab’)2片段可通过胃蛋白酶消化抗体分子来产生,并且Fab′片段可通过使F(ab’)2片段的二硫桥还原来产生。或者,可构建Fab′表达文库(Huse等,1989,Science,246:1274-1281)以允许快速和容易鉴定具有所需特异性的单克隆Fab′片段。F(ab)2片段可通过木瓜蛋白酶消化抗体来产生。
单链Fv分子(scFv)包含VL结构域和VH结构域。VL结构域和VH结构域缔合以形成靶标结合位点。这两个结构域由肽接头(L)进一步共价连接。用于制备scFv分子和设计适合肽接头的方法描述于美国专利号4,704,692;美国专利号4,946,778;Raag和Whitlow,FASEB9:73-80(1995)以及Bird和Walker,TIBTECH,9:132-137(1991)中。
用于产生单结构域抗体(DAB或VHH)的技术在本领域中也是已知的,如例如于以引用的方式并入本文的Cossins等(2006,Prot Express Purif 51:253-259)中所公开。单结构域抗体可例如通过标准免疫技术从骆驼、羊驼或美洲驼获得。(参见例如Muyldermans等,TIBS26:230-235,2001;Yau等,J Immunol Methods 281:161-75,2003;Maass等,J ImmunolMethods 324:13-25,2007)。VHH可具有强效抗原结合能力,并且可与常规各对VH-VL所不可及的新型表位相互作用。(Muyldermans等,2001)。羊驼血清IgG含有约50%骆驼科动物仅重链IgG抗体(HCAb)(Maass等,2007)。羊驼可用已知抗原诸如TNF-α免疫,并且可分离结合并中和靶抗原的VHH(Maass等,2007)。扩增实际上所有羊驼VHH编码序列的PCR引物已被鉴定,并且可用于构建羊驼VHH噬菌体展示文库,其可用于通过本领域中熟知的标准生物淘选技术来进行抗体片段分离(Maass等,2007)。在某些实施方案中,抗胰腺癌VHH抗体片段可用于所要求保护的组合物和方法中。
抗体片段可通过蛋白水解全长抗体或通过在大肠杆菌或另一宿主中表达编码所述片段的DNA来制备。抗体片段可通过常规方法用胃蛋白酶或木瓜蛋白酶消化全长抗体来获得。这些方法例如由Goldenberg,美国专利号4,036,945和4,331,647以及其中含有的参考文献描述。此外,参见Nisonoff等,Arch Biochem.Biophys.89:230(1960);Porter,Biochem.J.73:119(1959),Edelman等,METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY第1卷,第422页(AcademicPress 1967),以及Coligan,第2.8.1-2.8.10以及2.10.-2.10.4页。
抗体同种异型
治疗性抗体的免疫原性与输注反应风险增加以及治疗响应的持续时间降低相关联(Baert等,2003,N Engl J Med 348:602-08)。治疗性抗体在宿主中诱导免疫应答的程度可部分地由抗体的同种异型决定(Stickler等,2011,Genes and Immunity 12:213-21)。抗体同种异型与抗体的恒定区序列中特定位置处的氨基酸序列变化相关。IgG抗体的含有重链γ型恒定区的同种异型被指定为Gm同种异型(1976,J Immunol117:1056-59)。
对于常见IgG1人抗体,最普遍的同种异型是G1m1(Stickler等,2011,Genes andImmunity 12:213-21)。然而,G1m3同种异型也经常存在于白种人中(Stickler等,2011)。已报道G1m1抗体含有在向非G1m1(nG1ml)接受者诸如G1m3患者施用时倾向于诱导免疫应答的同种异型序列(Stickler等,2011)。非G1m1同种异型抗体在向G1m1患者施用时并非同样具有免疫原性(Stickler等,2011)。
人G1ml同种异型在重链IgG1的CH3序列中包含以下氨基酸:在Kabat位置356处的天冬氨酸和在Kabat位置358处的亮氨酸。nG1ml同种异型包含以下氨基酸:在Kabat位置356处的谷氨酸和在Kabat位置358处的甲硫氨酸。G1ml同种异型与nG1ml同种异型两者均在Kabat位置357处包含谷氨酸残基,并且同种异型有时被称为DEL和EEM同种异型。关于示例性抗体利妥昔单抗(SEQ ID NO:19)和维妥珠单抗(veltuzumab)(SEQ ID NO:20)来显示G1m1和nG1m1同种异型抗体的重链恒定区序列的一非限制性实例。
利妥昔单抗重链可变区序列(SEQ ID NO:19)
ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKAEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
维妥珠单抗重链可变区(SEQ ID NO:20)
ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
Jefferis和Lefranc(2009,mAbs1:1-7)综述为IgG同种异型所特有的序列变化以及它们对免疫原性的影响。他们报道G1m3同种异型的特征在于相较于G1m17同种异型中在Kabat 214处的赖氨酸残基,在Kabat位置214处具有精氨酸残基。nG1m1,2同种异型的特征在于具有在Kabat位置356处的谷氨酸、在Kabat位置358处的甲硫氨酸和在Kabat位置431处的丙氨酸。G1m1,2同种异型的特征在于具有在Kabat位置356处的天冬氨酸、在Kabat位置358处的亮氨酸和在Kabat位置431处的甘氨酸。除重链恒定区序列变体之外,Jefferis和Lefranc(2009)报道κ轻链恒定区中的同种异型变体,其中Km1同种异型的特征在于具有在Kabat位置153处的缬氨酸和在Kabat位置191处的亮氨酸,Kml,2同种异型的特征在于具有在Kabat位置153处的丙氨酸和在Kabat位置191处的亮氨酸,并且Km3同种异型的特征在于具有在Kabat位置153处的丙氨酸和在Kabat位置191处的缬氨酸。
关于治疗性抗体,维妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗分别是针对CD20的人源化和嵌合IgG1抗体,其适用于广泛多种血液学恶性肿瘤和/或自体免疫疾病的疗法。表1比较利妥昔单抗相对于维妥珠单抗的同种异型序列。如表1中所示,利妥昔单抗(G1m17,1)是一种DEL同种异型IgG1,相对于维妥珠单抗中的精氨酸,在利妥昔单抗中在Kabat位置214(重链CH1)处具有额外赖氨酸序列变化。已报道维妥珠单抗在受试者中的免疫原性小于利妥昔单抗(参见例如Morchhauser等,2009,J ClinOncol 27:3346-53;Goldenberg等,2009,Blood113:1062-70;Robak和Robak,2011,BioDrugs 25:13-25),这是一种已归因于人源化抗体与嵌合抗体之间的差异的效应。然而,EEM同种异型与DEL同种异型之间的同种异型差异可能也解释维妥珠单抗的较低免疫原性。
表1.利妥昔单抗相对于维妥珠单抗的同种异型
为降低治疗性抗体在nG1m1基因型个体中的免疫原性,可合乎需要的是选择抗体的同种异型以对应于特征在于具有在Kabat 214处的精氨酸的Glm3同种异型和特征在于具有在Kabat位置356处的谷氨酸、在Kabat位置358处的甲硫氨酸和在Kabat位置431处的丙氨酸的nG1m1,2无效同种异型。惊人的是发现历经长久时期重复皮下施用G1m3抗体不导致显著免疫应答。在替代性实施方案中,人IgG4重链与G1m3同种异型同样具有在Kabat 214处的精氨酸、在Kabat 356处的谷氨酸、在Kabat 359处的甲硫氨酸和在Kabat 431处的丙氨酸。因为免疫原性似乎至少部分地与在那些位置处的残基相关,所以将人IgG4重链恒定区序列用于治疗性抗体也是一优选实施方案。G1m3 IgG1抗体与IgG4抗体的组合也可适用于治疗性施用。
已知抗体
靶抗原和示例性抗体
在一优选实施方案中,使用识别和/或结合在靶细胞上以高水平表达以及相对于正常组织主要或仅仅在患病细胞上表达的抗原的抗体。适用于例如癌症的疗法的示例性抗体包括但不限于LL1(抗CD74)、LL2或RFB4(抗CD22)、维妥珠单抗(hA20,抗CD20)、利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)、奥滨尤妥珠单抗(GA101,抗CD20)、兰罗利珠单抗(抗PD1)、纳武单抗(抗PD1)、MK-3475(抗PD1)、AMP-224(抗PD1)、匹迪珠单抗(抗PD1)、MDX-1105(抗PD-L1)、MEDI4736(抗PD-L1)、MPDL3280A(抗PD-L1)、BMS-936559(抗PD-L1)、伊匹单抗(抗CTLA4)、曲维利珠单抗(trevilizumab)(抗CTL4A)、RS7(抗上皮糖蛋白-1(EGP-1,也称为TROP-2))、PAM4或KC4(两者均是抗粘蛋白)、MN-14(抗癌胚抗原(CEA,也称为CD66e或CEACAM-5))、MN-15或MN-3(抗CEACAM-6)、Mu-9(抗结肠特异性抗原p)、Immu 31(抗α-甲胎蛋白)、R1(抗IGF-1R)、A19(抗CD19)、TAG-72(例如CC49)、Tn、J591或HuJ591(抗PSMA(前列腺特异性膜抗原))、AB-PG1-XG1-026(抗PSMA二聚体)、D2/B(抗PSMA)、G250(抗碳酸酐酶IX MAb)、L243(抗HLA-DR)、阿仑单抗(抗CD52)、贝伐单抗(抗VEGF)、西妥昔单抗(抗EGFR)、吉妥单抗(抗CD33)、替伊莫单抗替坦(ibritumo mab tiuxetan)(抗CD20);帕尼单抗(抗EGFR);托西莫单抗(抗CD20);PAM4(也称为克利维珠单抗(clivatuzumab),抗粘蛋白)、BWA-3(抗组蛋白H2A/H4)、LG2-1(抗组蛋白H3)、MRA12(抗组蛋白H1)、PR1-1(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG11-2(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG2-2(抗组蛋白H2B)和曲妥珠单抗(抗ErbB2)。此类抗体在本领域中是已知的(例如美国专利号5,686,072;5,874,540;6,107,090;6,183,744;6,306,393;6,653,104;6,730.300;6,899,864;6,926,893;6,962,702;7,074,403;7,230,084;7,238,785;7,238,786;7,256,004;7,282,567;7,300,655;7,312,318;7,585,491;7,612,180;7,642,239;以及美国专利申请公布号20050271671;20060193865;20060210475;20070087001;各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。使用的特定已知抗体包括hPAM4(美国专利号7,282,567)、hA20(美国专利号7,151,164)、hA19(美国专利号7,109,304)、hIMMU-31(美国专利号7,300,655)、hLL1(美国专利号7,312,318、)、hLL2(美国专利号5,789,554)、hMu-9(美国专利号7,387,773)、hL243(美国专利号7,612,180)、hMN-14(美国专利号6,676,924)、hMN-15(美国专利号8,287,865)、hR1(美国专利申请13/688,812)、hRS7(美国专利号7,238,785)、hMN-3(美国专利号7,541,440)、AB-PG1-XG1-026(美国专利申请11/983,372,以ATCC PTA-4405和PTA-4406保藏)和D2/B(WO 2009/130575),各所述专利或申请的正文关于附图和实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文。
可使用描述的缀合物加以靶向的其它有用抗原包括碳酸酐酶IX、B7、CCL19、CCL21、CSAp、HER-2/neu、BrE3、CD1、CD1a、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11A、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20(例如,C2B8、hA20、1F5MAb)、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD29、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD59、CD64、CD67、CD70、CD74、CD79a、CD80、CD83、CD95、CD126、CD133、CD138、CD147、CD154、CEACAM-5、CEACAM-6、CTLA4、α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、VEGF(例如,纤连蛋白剪接变体)、ED-B纤连蛋白(例如,L19)、EGP-1(TROP-2)、EGP-2(例如,17-1A)、EGF受体(ErbB1)(例如,)、ErbB2、ErbB3、因子H、FHL-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、Ga 733、GRO-β、HMGB-1、缺氧诱导性因子(HIF)、HM1.24、HER-2/neu、胰岛素样生长因子(ILGF)、IFN-γ、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-λ、IL-2R、IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-13R、IL-15R、IL-17R、IL-18R、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、IL-25、IP-10、IGF-1R、Ia、HM1.24、神经节苷脂、HCG、L243所结合的HLA-DR抗原、CD66抗原即CD66a-d或其组合、MAGE、mCRP、MCP-1、MIP-1A、MIP-1B、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5ac、胎盘生长因子(PlGF)、PSA(前列腺特异性抗原)、PSMA、PAM4抗原、PD1受体、NCA-95、NCA-90、A3、A33、Ep-CAM、KS-1、Le(y)、间皮素、S100、腱生蛋白、TAC、Tn抗原、托马斯-弗雷登里希抗原(Thomas-Friedenreich antigen)、肿瘤坏死抗原、肿瘤血管生成抗原、TNF-α、TRAIL受体(R1和R2)、TROP-2、VEGFR、RANTES、T101以及癌干细胞抗原、补体因子C3、C3a、C3b、C5a、C5和致癌基因产物。
如通过流式细胞术显示以及可为用以选择适于免疫疗法的抗体的指导的对造血恶性细胞上的合适的抗原(簇标号(Cluster Designation)或CD)靶标的全面分析是Craig和Foon,Blood,2008年1月15日在线提前出版;DOL 10.1182/blood-2007-11-120535。
CD66抗原由5种具有类似结构的不同糖蛋白CD66a-e组成,分别由癌胚抗原(CEA)基因家族成员BCG、CGM6、NCA、CGM1和CEA编码。这些CD66抗原(例如CEACAM-6)主要在粒细胞、消化道的正常上皮细胞以及各种组织的肿瘤细胞中表达。也作为合适的癌症靶标加以包括的是癌睾丸抗原诸如NY-ESO-1(Theurillat等,Int.J.Cancer 2007;120(11):2411-7),以及骨髓性白血病(Kozlov等,Canc er Genet.Cytogenet.2005;163(1):62-7)和B细胞疾病的情况下的CD79a,和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的CD79b(Poison等,Blood 110(2):616-623)。许多以上提及的抗原公开于2002年11月15日提交的题为“Use of Multi-specific,Non-covalent Complexes for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics”的美国临时申请序列号60/426,379中。归于是更具疗法抗性的前体恶性细胞群体(Hill和Perris,J.Natl.CancerInst.2007;99:1435-40)的癌干细胞具有可在某些癌症类型的情况下加以靶向的抗原,诸如在前列腺癌(Maitland等,Ernst Schering Found.Sympos.Proc.2006;5:155-79)、非小细胞肺癌(Donnenberg等,J.Control R elease 2007;122(3):385-91)和胶质母细胞瘤(Beier等,Cancer Res.2007;67(9):4010-5)的情况下的CD133,以及在结肠直肠癌(Dalerba等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 2007;104(24)10158-63)、胰腺癌(Li等,CancerRes.2007;67(3):1030-7)和头颈部鳞状细胞癌(Prince等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA2007;104(3)973-8)的情况下的CD44。
已证明抗癌抗体在某一情况下结合组蛋白。Kato等(1991,Hum AntibodiesHybridomas 2:94-101)报道肺癌特异性人单克隆抗体HB4C5结合组蛋白H2B。Garzelli等(1994,Immunol Lett 39:277-82)观察到经艾伯斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)转化的人B淋巴细胞产生针对组蛋白的天然抗体。在某些实施方案中,针对组蛋白的抗体可用于主题组合中。已知抗组蛋白抗体包括但不限于BWA-3(抗组蛋白H2A/H4)、LG2-1(抗组蛋白H3)、MRA12(抗组蛋白H1)、PR1-1(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG11-2(抗组蛋白H2B)和LG2-2(抗组蛋白H2B)(参见例如Monestier等,1991,Eur J Immunol 21:1725-31;Monestier等,1993,MolecImmunol 30:1069-75)。
对于多发性骨髓瘤疗法,已描述针对例如CD38和CD138(Steve nson,Mol Med2006;12(11-12):345-346;Tassone等,Blood 2004;104(12):3688-96)、CD74(Stein等,同上)、CS1(Tai等,Blood 2008;112(4):1329-37)和CD40(Tai等,2005;Cancer Res.65(13):5898-5906)的合适的靶向抗体。
巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)是先天性和适应性免疫和凋亡的重要调控剂。已报道CD74是MIF的内源性受体(Leng等,2003,J Exp Med 197:1467-76)。拮抗性抗CD74抗体对MIF介导的细胞内路径的治疗作用可用于治疗广泛范围的疾病状态,诸如膀胱癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌和慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(例如Meyer-Siegler等,2004,BMCCancer 12:34;Shachar和Haran,2011,Leuk Lymphoma 52:1446-54)。米拉珠单抗(hLL1)是用于治疗MIF介导的疾病的治疗用途的一示例性抗CD74抗体。
一对最优选的抗体/抗原的实例是LL1,即一种抗CD74MAb(不变链,II类特异性伴侣蛋白,Ii)(参见例如美国专利号6,653,104;7,312,318;各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。CD74抗原在B细胞淋巴瘤(包括多发性骨髓瘤)和白血病、某些T细胞淋巴瘤、黑素瘤、结肠癌、肺癌和肾癌、胶质母细胞瘤以及某些其它癌上高度表达(Ong等,Immunology98:296-302(1999))。在癌症的情况下使用CD74抗体的综述含于以引用的方式并入本文的Stein等,Clin Cancer Res.2007年9月15日;13(18Pt 2):5556s-5563s中。优选用抗CD74抗体治疗的疾病包括但不限于非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、霍奇金氏病、黑素瘤、肺癌、肾癌、结肠癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、组织细胞瘤、骨髓性白血病和多发性骨髓瘤。
在另一优选实施方案中,可使用针对病原体的治疗组合,因为针对病原体的抗体是已知的。举例来说,已尤其在各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文的Hansen等,美国专利号3,927,193以及Goldenberg美国专利号4,331,647、4,348,376、4,361,544、4,468,457、4,444,744、4,818,709和4,624,846中,以及在Reichert和Dewitz(Nat Rev DrugDiscovery 2006;5:191-195)中公开特异性结合由感染性病变产生或与所述感染性病变相关的标志物的抗体和抗体片段,所述感染性病变包括例如由诸如细菌、立克次氏体、支原体、原虫、真菌和病毒的病原体以及与此类微生物相关的抗原和产物引起的病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生物感染。列出针对感染性生物体的抗体(抗毒素和抗病毒抗体)以及针对其它靶标的抗体的综述含于以引用的方式并入本文的Casadevall,Clin Immunol 1999;93(1):5-15中。可商购获得针对广泛多种人病原体的抗体(例如KPL,Inc.,Gaithersburg,MD),所述人病原体包括金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureaus)(目录号011-90-05)、无乳链球菌(目录号011-90-08)、化脓性链球菌(目录号01-90-07)、幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori)(目录号01-93-94)、伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)(目录号05-97-91)、大肠杆菌(目录号01-95-91;01-95-96)、军团菌属种(Legionella spp.)(目录号01-90-03)、李斯特菌属种(Listeria spp.)(目录号01-90-90)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)(目录号01-90-50)、志贺氏菌属种(Shigella spp.)(目录号16-90-01)和弯曲杆菌属种(Campylobacter spp.)(目录号01-92-93)。
在一优选实施方案中,病原体选自由以下组成的组:HIV病毒、结核分枝杆菌、无乳链球菌、甲氧西林抗性金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜肺军团菌、化脓性链球菌、大肠杆菌、淋病奈瑟氏菌、脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌、肺炎球菌、新型隐球菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、流感嗜血杆菌B、梅毒螺旋体、莱姆病病螺旋体、绿脓假单胞菌、麻风分枝杆菌、流产布鲁氏菌、狂犬病病毒、流感病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒I、单纯疱疹病毒II、人血清细小样病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、麻疹病毒、腺病毒、人T细胞白血病病毒、艾伯斯坦-巴尔病毒、鼠白血病病毒、腮腺炎病毒、水泡性口腔炎病毒、辛德毕斯病毒、淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒、疣病毒、蓝舌病病毒、仙台病毒、猫白血病病毒、呼肠孤病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、猿猴病毒40、小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒、登革病毒、风疹病毒、西尼罗病毒(West Nilevirus)、恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)、间日疟原虫(Plasmodium vivax)、刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)、朗杰尔氏锥虫(Trypanosoma rangeli)、克氏锥虫(Trypanosoma cruzi)、罗得西亚锥虫(Trypanosoma rhodesiensei)、布氏锥虫(Trypanosoma brucei)、曼森氏裂体吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)、日本裂体吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)、牛巴贝虫(Babesia bovis)、柔嫩艾美球虫(Elmeriatenella)、旋盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus)、热带利什曼虫(Leishmania tropica)、旋毛线虫(Trichinella spiralis)、小泰来虫(Theileria parva)、水泡绦虫(Taeniahydatigena)、羊绦虫(Taenia ovis)、牛肉绦虫(Taenia saginata)、细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)、科氏中殖孔绦虫(Mesocestoides corti)、关节炎支原体(Mycoplasma arthritidis)、猪鼻支原体(M.hyorhinis)、口腔支原体(M.orale)、精氨酸支原体(M.arginini)、莱氏无胆甾原体(Acholeplasma laidlawii)、唾液支原体(M.salivarium)和肺炎支原体(M.pneumoniae),如其实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文的美国专利号6,440,416中所公开。
在各种实施方案中,所要求保护的方法和组合物可利用本领域中已知的多种抗体中的任一者。使用的抗体可从许多已知来源商购获得。举例来说,多种分泌抗体的杂交瘤株系可从美国典型培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC,Manassas,VA)获得。许多针对各种疾病靶标(包括但不限于肿瘤相关抗原)的抗体已被保藏在ATCC和/或具有公布的可变区序列,并且可用于所要求保护的方法和组合物中。参见例如美国专利号7,312,318;7,282,567;7,151,164;7,074,403;7,060,802;7,056,509;7,049,060;7,045,132;7,041,803;7,041,802;7,041,293;7,038,018;7,037,498;7,012,133;7,001,598;6,998,468;6,994,976;6,994,852;6,989,241;6,974,863;6,965,018;6,964,854;6,962,981;6,962,813;6,956,107;6,951,924;6,949,244;6,946,129;6,943,020;6,939,547;6,921,645;6,921,645;6,921,533;6,919,433;6,919,078;6,916,475;6,905,681;6,899,879;6,893,625;6,887,468;6,887,466;6,884,594;6,881,405;6,878,812;6,875,580;6,872,568;6,867,006;6,864,062;6,861,511;6,861,227;6,861,226;6,838,282;6,835,549;6,835,370;6,824,780;6,824,778;6,812,206;6,793,924;6,783,758;6,770,450;6,767,711;6,764,688;6,764,681;6,764,679;6,743,898;6,733,981;6,730,307;6,720,155;6,716,966;6,709,653;6,693,176;6,692,908;6,689,607;6,689,362;6,689,355;6,682,737;6,682,736;6,682,734;6,673,344;6,653,104;6,652,852;6,635,482;6,630,144;6,610,833;6,610,294;6,605,441;6,605,279;6,596,852;6,592,868;6,576,745;6,572;856;6,566,076;6,562,618;6,545,130;6,544,749;6,534,058;6,528,625;6,528,269;6,521,227;6,518,404;6,511,665;6,491,915;6,488,930;6,482,598;6,482,408;6,479,247;6,468,531;6,468,529;6,465,173;6,461,823;6,458,356;6,455,044;6,455,040、6,451,310;6,444,206’6,441,143;6,432,404;6,432,402;6,419,928;6,413,726;6,406,694;6,403,770;6,403,091;6,395,276;6,395,274;6,387,350;6,383,759;6,383,484;6,376,654;6,372,215;6,359,126;6,355,481;6,355,444;6,355,245;6,355,244;6,346,246;6,344,198;6,340,571;6,340,459;6,331,175;6,306,393;6,254,868;6,187,287;6,183,744;6,129,914;6,120,767;6,096,289;6,077,499;5,922,302;5,874,540;5,814,440;5,798,229;5,789,554;5,776,456;5,736,119;5,716,595;5,677,136;5,587,459;5,443,953、5,525,338,其各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文。这些仅是示例性的,并且广泛多种其它抗体和它们的杂交瘤在本领域中是已知的。熟练技术人员将认识到针对几乎任何疾病相关抗原的抗体序列或分泌抗体的杂交瘤都可通过简单搜索ATCC、NCBI和/或USPTO数据库中针对所选疾病相关的目标靶标的抗体来获得。可使用本领域中熟知的标准技术,将克隆的抗体的抗原结合结构域扩增,切除,连接至表达载体中,转染至改适的宿主细胞中并用于蛋白质产生(参见例如美国专利号7,531,327;7,537,930;7,608,425和7,785,880,其各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。
在其它实施方案中,抗体复合物结合I类MHC、II类MHC或辅助分子,诸如CD40、CD54、CD80或CD86。抗体复合物也可结合白细胞活化细胞因子,或结合细胞因子介体,诸如NF-κB。
在某些实施方案中,两种不同靶标中的一种可为癌细胞受体或癌相关抗原,特别是选自由以下组成的组的靶标:B细胞谱系抗原(CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23等)、VEGF、VEGFR、EGFR、癌胚抗原(CEA)、胎盘生长因子(P1GF)、腱生蛋白、HER-2/neu、EGP-1、EGP-2、CD25、CD30、CD33、CD38、CD40、CD45、CD52、CD74、CD80、CD138、NCA66、CEACAM-1、CEACAM-5、CEACAM-6(癌胚抗原相关的细胞粘附分子6)、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC16、IL-6、α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、A3、CA125、结肠特异性抗原p(CSAp)、叶酸受体、HLA-DR、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、Ia、EL-2、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和IGF受体、KS-1、Le(y)、MAGE、坏死抗原、PAM-4、前列腺酸性磷酸酶(PAP)、Pr1、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、S100、T101、TAC、TAG72、TRAIL受体和碳酸酐酶IX。
可使用的其它抗体包括针对感染性疾病物质诸如细菌、病毒、支原体或其它病原体的抗体。针对此类感染物的许多抗体在本领域中是已知的,并且任何此类已知抗体都可用于所要求保护的方法和组合物中。举例来说,针对人免疫缺陷病毒I(HIV-1)的gp120糖蛋白抗原的抗体是已知的,并且某些此类抗体可在人中具有免疫保护作用。参见例如Rossi等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.86:8055-8058,1990。已知抗HIV抗体包括由Johansson等(AIDS,2006年10月3日;20(15):1911-5)所述的抗包膜抗体,以及由Polymun(Vienna,Austria)描述和销售的抗HIV抗体,也描述于美国专利5,831,034、美国专利5,911,989以及Vcelar等,AIDS 2007;21(16):2161-2170和Joos等,Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2006;50(5):1773-9中,全都以引用的方式并入本文。
针对疟疾寄生物的抗体可针对子胞子、裂殖子、裂殖体和配子体阶段。已产生针对子胞子(环子孢子抗原)的单克隆抗体,并且已显示其在体外以及在啮齿动物中会中和子胞子(N.Yoshida等,Science207:71-73,1980)。数个小组已开发针对弓浆虫病中涉及的原虫寄生物刚地弓形虫的抗体(Kasper等,J.Immunol.129:1694-1699,1982;同前,30:2407-2412,1983)。已开发针对血吸虫童虫表面抗原的抗体,并且已发现其在体内或在体外针对血吸虫童虫(schistosomulae)起作用(Simpson等,Parasitology,83:163-177,1981;Smith等,Parasitology,84:83-91,1982;Gryzch等,J.Immunol.,129:2739-2743,1982;Zodda等,J.Immunol.129:2326-2328,1982;Dissous等,J.Immunol.,129:2232-2234,1982)。
克氏锥虫是查加斯病(Chagas′ disease)的致病物,并且通过吸血猎蝽昆虫来传播。已产生在体外特异性抑制寄生物的一种形式分化成另一形式(上鞭毛体至锥鞭毛体阶段),并且与细胞表面糖蛋白反应的抗体;然而,这种抗原是寄生物的哺乳动物(血流)形式所缺少的(Sher等,Nature,300:639-640,1982)。
抗真菌抗体在本领域中是已知的,诸如抗核盘菌(anti-Sclerotinia)抗体(美国专利7,910,702);抗葡萄糖醛酸木糖甘露聚糖(antiglucuronoxylomannan)抗体(Zhong和Priofski,1998,Clin Diag Lab Immunol 5:58-64);抗假丝酵母抗体(Matthews和Burnie,2001,Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2:472-76);和抗鞘糖脂抗体(Toledo等,2010,BMCMicrobiol 10:47)。
已开发针对导致人中大多数感染的大部分微生物(细菌、病毒、原虫、真菌、其它寄生物)的合适的抗体,并且许多已先前用于体外诊断目的。这些抗体和可通过常规方法产生的更新抗体适于在本发明中使用。
免疫缀合物
在某些实施方案中,可使抗体或其片段缀合于一种或多种治疗剂或诊断剂。治疗剂不需要相同,而是可为不同的,例如药物和放射性同位素。举例来说,可将131I并入抗体或融合蛋白的酪氨酸中,并且使药物连接于赖氨酸残基的ε氨基。也可使治疗剂和诊断剂例如连接于经还原的SH基团和/或连接于碳水化合物侧链。用于制备治疗剂或诊断剂与抗体或融合蛋白的共价或非共价缀合物的许多方法在本领域中是已知的,并且可利用任何此类已知方法。
可通过形成二硫键来使治疗剂或诊断剂连接在经还原的抗体组分的铰链区处。或者,可使用异双官能性交联剂诸如3-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丙酸N-丁二酰基酯(SPDP)来连接此类试剂。Yu等,Int.J.Cancer 56:244(1994)。用于此类缀合的一般性技术在本领域中是熟知的。参见例如Wong,CHEMISTRY OF PROTEIN CONJUGATION AND CROSS-LINKING(CRCPress 1991);Upeslacis等,“Modification of Antibodies by Chemical Methods”,MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES:PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS,Birch等(编),第187-230页(Wiley-Liss,Inc.1995);Price,“Production and Characterization of SyntheticPeptide-Derived Antibodies”,MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES:PRODUCTION,ENGINEERING ANDCLINICAL APPLICATION,Ritter等(编),第60-84页(Cambridge University Press 1995)。或者,可通过抗体的Fc区中的碳水化合物部分来缀合治疗剂或诊断剂。碳水化合物基团可用于增加结合于硫醇基团的相同试剂的载量,或碳水化合物部分可用于结合不同治疗剂或诊断剂。
用于通过抗体碳水化合物部分使肽缀合于抗体组分的方法为本领域技术人员所熟知。参见例如Shih等,Int.J.Cancer41:832(1988);Shih等,Int.J.Cancer 46:1101(1990);以及Shih等,美国专利号5,057,313,以引用的方式整体并入本文。一般性方法涉及使具有氧化碳水化合物部分的抗体组分与具有至少一个游离胺官能的载体聚合物反应。这个反应产生初始希夫碱(Schiffbase)(亚胺)键联,其可通过还原成仲胺以形成最终缀合物加以稳定。
如果用作免疫缀合物的抗体组分的抗体是抗体片段,那么Fc区可不存在。然而,有可能将碳水化合物部分引入全长抗体或抗体片段的轻链可变区中。参见例如Leung等,J.Immunol.154:5919(1995);Hansen等,美国专利号5,443,953(1995),Leung等,美国专利号6,254,868,以引用的方式整体并入本文。工程改造的碳水化合物部分用于连接治疗剂或诊断剂。
在一些实施方案中,可使螯合剂连接于抗体、抗体片段或融合蛋白,并且用于螯合治疗剂或诊断剂诸如放射性核素。示例性螯合剂包括但不限于DTPA(诸如Mx-DTPA)、DOTA、TETA、NETA或NOTA。缀合和使用螯合剂来使金属或其它配体连接于蛋白质的方法在本领域中是熟知的(参见例如美国专利号7,563,433,其实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。
在某些实施方案中,放射性金属或顺磁性离子可通过与具有长尾部的试剂反应来连接于蛋白质或肽,所示长尾部可连接用于结合离子的许多螯合基团。此类尾部可为聚合物诸如聚赖氨酸、多糖或具有螯合基团可以结合的侧基的其它衍生或可衍生链,所述螯合基团诸如像乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、卟啉、聚胺、冠醚、双-缩氨基硫脲、聚肟和已知适用于这个目的的类似基团。
螯合物可直接连接于抗体或肽,例如如以引用的方式整体并入本文的美国专利4,824,659中所公开。特别适用的金属-螯合物组合包括2-苯甲基-DTPA和它的单甲基和环己基类似物,与用于放射性成像的在60至4,000keV的一般性能量范围内的诊断同位素(诸如125I、131I、123I、124I、62Cu、64Cu、18F、111In、67Ga、68Ga、99mrc、94mTc、11C、13N、15O、76Br)一起使用。同样的螯合物在与非放射性金属诸如锰、铁和钆络合时适用于MRI。大环螯合物诸如NOTA、DOTA和TETA适于与多种金属和放射性金属一起,最特定来说分别与镓、钇和铜的放射性核素一起使用。可通过使环尺寸适合于目标金属来使此类金属-螯合物络合物极其稳定。涵盖用以稳定结合用于RAIT的核素诸如223Ra的其它受关注的环型螯合物诸如大环聚醚。
更新近地,已公开适用于PET扫描技术中的18F标记的方法,例如通过使F-18与金属或其它原子诸如铝反应。可使18F-Al缀合物与直接连接于抗体或用于在靶向前方法中标记可靶向构建体的螯合基团诸如DOTA、NOTA或NETA络合。此类F-18标记技术公开于美国专利号7,563,433中,所述专利的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文。
另一示例性免疫缀合物公开于Johannson等(2006,AIDS20:1911-15)中,其中发现多柔比星缀合的P4/D10(抗gp120)抗体高度有效治疗被HIV感染的细胞。
喜树碱缀合物
在某些优选实施方案中,免疫缀合物可包含喜树碱药物诸如SN-38。喜树碱(CPT)和它的衍生物是一类强效抗肿瘤剂。伊立替康(也被称为CPT-11)和拓扑替康是作为核准的癌症治疗剂的CPT类似物(Iyer和Ratain,Cancer Chemother.Phamacol.42:S31-S43(1998))。CPT通过使拓扑异构酶I-DNA复合物稳定以抑制拓扑异构酶I酶来起作用(Liu等The Camptothecins:Unfolding Their Anticancer Potential,Liehr J.G.,Giovanella,B.C.和Verschraegen(编),NY Acad Sci.,NY922:1-10(2000))。
免疫缀合物的优选最优给药可包括在3mg/kg与20mg/kg之间,更优选是4至18mg/kg,更优选是6至12mg/kg,更优选是8至10mg/kg的剂量,优选每周、每周两次或每隔一周加以给予。最优给药时程可包括以下治疗循环:连续治疗两周继之以休息一、二、三或四周,或交替进行数周治疗和休息,或治疗一周继之以休息二、三或四周,或治疗三周继之以休息一、二、三或四周,或治疗四周继之以休息一、二、三或四周,或治疗五周继之以休息一、二、三、四或五周,或每两周一次、每三周一次或一个月一次进行施用。治疗可延伸任何数目的循环,优选至少2、至少4、至少6、至少8、至少10、至少12、至少14或至少16个循环。适用的示例性剂量可包括1mg/kg、2mg/kg、3mg/kg、4mg/kg、5mg/kg、6mg/kg、7mg/kg、8mg/kg、9mg/kg、10mg/kg、11mg/kg、12mg/kg、13mg/kg、14mg/kg、15mg/kg、16mg/kg、17mg/kg和18mg/kg。优选剂量是4、6、8、9、10、12、14、16或18mg/kg。普通技术人员将认识到在选择免疫缀合物的最优剂量时,可考虑多种因素,诸如年龄、总体健康状况、特定器官功能或重量、以及先前疗法对特定器官系统(例如骨髓)的影响,并且在疗法的过程期间,可增加或降低施用剂量和/或频率。在少至4至8次剂量之后观察到肿瘤收缩迹象的情况下,剂量可根据需要加以重复。本文公开的最优化施用剂量和时程显示在人受试者中出乎意料的优越功效和降低的毒性,此不可从动物模型研究进行预测。惊人的是优越功效允许治疗先前发现对一种或多种标准抗癌疗法具有抗性的肿瘤,所述疗法包括在体内从其获得SN-38的母体化合物CPT-11。
以下显示免疫缀合物的被称为MAb-CL2A-SN-38的一实例。制备CL2A-SN-38以及用于制备和使用其抗体缀合物的方法在本领域中是已知的(参见例如美国专利号7,999,083和8,080,250,各自的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文)。
前-2-吡咯啉并多柔比星缀合物
化合物2-吡咯啉并多柔比星首次由Schally的小组于1996年描述,其随后将它用于缀合于许多靶向受体的肽以进行临床前探究(Nagy等,1996,Proc Natl Aad Sci USA93:7269-73;Nagy等,1996,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:2464-29)。这是多柔比星的衍生物,其中柔红糖胺氮被并入5元烯胺中,从而使得它成为高度强效的烷基化剂,具有的细胞毒性是多柔比星的细胞毒性的500-1000倍。出于安全考虑,药物的超级毒性使得必须在隔离器中进行特殊处理。所述药物的前药形式是N-(4,4-二乙酰氧基丁基)多柔比星,其在体内被转化成2-吡咯啉并多柔比星。前-2-吡咯啉并多柔比星(Pro-2-P-Dox)可如本文所公开加以制备,并且缀合于抗体或抗体片段以在ADC疗法中使用。
以下流程显示Dox、2-PDox、Pro-2-P-Dox(P2PDox)和活化的Pro-2-P-Dox的结构。对于偶联于IgG,Pro-2-P-Dox可用SMCC-酰肼活化,这是一种引入酸不稳定性腙以及顺丁烯二酰亚胺基团的程序,所述顺丁烯二酰亚胺基团用于缀合于温和还原的抗体的硫醇。
当前在临床上考查的大多数ADC并有具有细胞周期阶段特异性的微管蛋白作用性超级毒性类美登素(maytansinoid)和澳瑞他汀(auristatin)。有趣的是,除曲妥珠单抗-DM1之外,这些ADC似乎在实体癌的情况下在临床上展现相对狭窄的治疗指数。诸如2-PDox的DNA烷基化剂具有细胞周期阶段非特异性,并且应提供改进的治疗指数。在胰腺癌和胃癌的2个侵袭性异种移植物模型中的初步研究(未显示)显示hRS7-6缀合物在较低和安全剂量(例如2.25mg/kg蛋白质剂量,或0.064mg/kg的药物剂量)下极具活性,从而导致完全消退。
使用氰基硼氢化钠,用4,4-二乙酰氧基丁醛使多柔比星进行还原性烷基化产生P2PDox(以下流程)。使可商购获得的4-苯甲基氧基丁醛进行二乙酰氧基化,随后氢解和氧化提供所述醛,其被还原性偶联于多柔比星以获得P2PDox。P2PDox用SMCC-酰肼活化。
温和混合缀合制剂,用PBS中的TCEP还原IgG的链间二硫键,随后偶联于10倍过量的活化的P2PDox。采用离心SEC,在于25mM组氨酸(pH 7)中平衡的上纯化缀合物,随后穿过疏水性管柱。将产物与海藻糖和吐温80(Tween 80)一起配制并冻干。具有6-7个药物/IgG的典型取代度的缀合产物通过尺寸排阻HPLC以单峰形式被洗脱,并且根据反相HPLC,含有通常<1%的未缀合游离药物。
普通技术人员将认识到可使P2PDox缀合于任何已知抗体或其片段,以与本文讨论的免疫调节剂组合在ADC治疗肿瘤和/或感染性疾病中使用。
治疗剂
在替代性实施方案中,可使用缀合于ADC和/或其它抗体或分开施用的治疗剂,诸如细胞毒性剂、抗血管生成剂、促凋亡剂、抗生素、激素、激素拮抗剂、趋化因子、药物、前药、毒素、酶或其它药剂。使用的药物可具有选自由以下组成的组的药物性质:抗有丝分裂、抗激酶、烷基化、抗代谢、抗生性、生物碱、抗血管生成、促凋亡剂及其组合。
使用的示例性药物可包括但不限于5-氟尿嘧啶、阿法替尼(afatin ib)、阿普利丁(aplidin)、阿扎立平(azaribine)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、蒽环霉素(anthracycline)、阿西替尼(axitinib)、AVL-101、AVL-291、苯达莫司汀(bendamustine)、博莱霉素(bleomycin)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)、博舒替尼(bosutinib)、苔藓抑素-1(bryostatin-1)、白消安(bus ulfan)、刺孢霉素(calicheamycin)、喜树碱、卡铂(carboplatin)、10-羟基喜树碱、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、塞来昔布(celecoxib)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、顺铂(cisplatinum)、Cox-2抑制剂、伊立替康(CPT-11)、SN-38、卡铂(carboplatin)、克拉屈滨(cladribine)、坎托替康(campt othecan)、克唑替尼(crizotinib)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、达沙替尼(dasatinib)、迪那昔利布(dinaciclib)、多西他赛(docetaxel)、更生霉素(dactinomycin)、道诺霉素(daunorubicin)、多柔比星、2-吡咯啉并多柔比星(2P-DOX)、氰基-吗啉代多柔比星、多柔比星葡萄糖醛酸苷(doxorubicin glucur onide)、表柔比星葡萄糖醛酸苷(epirubicin glucuronide)、埃罗替尼(er lotinib)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、表鬼臼毒素(epidophyllotoxin)、埃罗替尼、恩替司他(entinostat)、雌激素受体结合剂、依托泊苷(etoposid e)(VP16)、依托泊苷葡萄糖醛酸苷、磷酸依托泊苷(etoposide phosphate)、依西美坦(exemestane)、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)、氟尿苷(floxurid ine)(FUdR)、3′,5′-O-二油酰基-FudR(FUdR-dO)、氟达拉滨、氟他胺(flutamide)、法呢基(farnesyl)-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、黄酮吡醇(flavopir idol)、福他替尼(fostamatinib)、甘特司匹(ganetespib)、GDC-0834、GS-1101、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)、羟基脲(hydrox yurea)、依布替尼(ibrutinib)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、艾代拉里斯(idelalisib)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、伊马替尼(imatinib)、L-天冬酰胺酶、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、来那度胺(lenolidamide)、甲酰四氢叶酸(leuco vorin)、LFM-A13、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechloret hamine)、美法仑(melphalan)、巯基嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、米拉霉素(mit hramycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)、米托坦(mitotane)、诺维本(navelbi ne)、来那替尼(neratinib)、尼罗替尼(nilotinib)、亚硝基脲(nitrosurea)、奥拉帕尼(olaparib)、普卡霉素(plicomycin)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、PCI-32765、喷司他汀(pentostatin)、PSI-341、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、司莫司汀(semustine)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、链脲霉素(streptozocin)、SU11248、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、替莫唑胺(temazolomide)、反铂(transplatinum)、沙利度胺(thalidomide)、硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine)、噻替派(thiotepa)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、拓扑替康(topotecan)、尿嘧啶氮芥、瓦他拉尼(vatalanib)、长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)、长春花碱(vinblastine)、长春新碱(vincristine)、长春花生物碱和ZD1839。
使用的毒素可包括篦麻毒素(ricin)、相思子毒素(abrin)、α毒素、皂素(saporin)、核糖核酸酶(RNA酶)(例如豹蛙酶)、DNA酶I、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcal)肠毒素-A、商陆抗病毒蛋白、白树毒素、白喉毒素、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)外毒素和假单胞菌内毒素。
使用的趋化因子可包括RANTES、MCAF、MIP1-α、MIP1-β和IP-10。
在某些实施方案中,可使用的是抗血管生成剂(诸如血管抑素(ang iostatin))、杆抑素(baculostatin)、血管能抑素(canstatin)、乳腺丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(maspin)、抗VEGF抗体、抗PlGF肽和抗体、抗血管生长因子抗体、抗Flk-1抗体、抗Flt-1抗体和肽、抗Kras抗体、抗cMET抗体、抗MIF(巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子)抗体、层粘连蛋白(laminin)肽、纤连蛋白肽、纤维蛋白溶酶原活化因子抑制剂、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂、干扰素、白介素-12、IP-10、Gro-β、血栓反应素(thrombospondin)、2-甲氧基雌二醇、增殖蛋白相关蛋白质(proliferin-related protein)、羧酰胺基三唑(carboxiamidotriazole)、CM101、马立马司他(Marimastat)、聚戊糖多硫酸盐、促血管生成素-2(angiopoietin-2)、干扰素-α、除莠霉素A(herbimycin A)、PNU145156E、16K促乳素(prolactin)片段、利诺胺(Linomide)(罗喹美克(roquinimex))、沙利度胺、己酮可可碱(pen toxifylline)、染料木素(genistein)、TNP-470、内皮抑素(endostatin)、太平洋紫杉醇、蛇毒解离素(accutin)、血管抑素、昔多福韦(cidofovir)、长春新碱、博莱霉素、AGM-1470、血小板因子4或米诺环素(minocyc line)。
使用的免疫调节剂可选自细胞因子、干细胞生长因子、淋巴毒素、造血因子、集落刺激因子(CSF)、干扰素(IFN)、红血球生成素、血小板生成素及其组合。明确使用的是淋巴毒素(诸如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF))、造血因子(诸如白介素(IL))、集落刺激因子(诸如粒细胞-集落刺激因子(G-CSF)或粒细胞巨噬细胞-集落刺激因子(GM-CSF))、干扰素(诸如干扰素-α、干扰素-β或干扰素-λ)和干细胞生长因子(诸如指定为“S1因子”的干细胞生长因子)。包括在细胞因子之中的是生长激素,诸如人生长激素、N-甲硫氨酰基人生长激素和牛生长激素;甲状旁腺激素;甲状腺素;胰岛素;胰岛素原;松弛素;松弛素原;糖蛋白激素,诸如卵泡刺激激素(FSH)、甲状腺刺激激素(TSH)和促黄体生成激素(luteinizing hormone,LH);肝生长因子;前列腺素、纤维母细胞生长因子;促乳素;胎盘催乳素、OB蛋白;肿瘤坏死因子-α和肿瘤坏死因子-β;苗勒抑制物质;小鼠促性腺激素相关肽;抑制素;活化素;血管内皮生长因子;整联蛋白;血小板生成素(TPO);神经生长因子,诸如NGF-β;血小板生长因子;转化生长因子(TGF),诸如TGF-α和TGF-β;胰岛素样生长因子-I和胰岛素样生长因子-II;红血球生成素(EPO);骨诱导性因子;干扰素,诸如干扰素-α、干扰素-β和干扰素-γ;集落刺激因子(CSF),诸如巨噬细胞-CSF(M-CSF);白介素(IL)(诸如IL-1、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12;IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-21、IL-25)、LIF、kit配体或FLT-3、血管抑素、血栓反应素、内皮抑素、肿瘤坏死因子和LT。
使用的放射性核素包括但不限于111In、177Lu、212Bi、213Bi、211At、62Cu、67Cu、90y、125I、131I、32p、33P、475c、111Ag、67Ga、142Pr、153Sm、161Tb、166Dy、166Ho、186Re、188Re、189Re、212pb、223Ra、225Ac、59Fe、75Se、77As、89Sr、99Mo、105Rh、109Pd、143Pr、149Pm、169Er、194Ir、198Au、199Au、211pb和227Th。治疗性放射性核素优选具有在20至6,000keV的范围内的衰变能量,优选对于俄歇(Auger)发射体在60至200keV的范围内,对于β发射体在100-2,500keV的范围内,并且对于α发射体在4,000-6,000keV的范围内。有用的β粒子发射核素的最大衰变能量优选是20-5,000keV,更优选是100-4,000keV,并且最优选是500-2,500keV。也优选的是大致上随着俄歇发射粒子而衰变的放射性核素。例如Co-58、Ga-67、Br-80m、Tc-99m、Rh-103m、Pt-109、In-111、Sb-119、1-125、Ho-161、Os-189m和Ir-192。有用的β粒子发射核素的衰变能量优选是<1,000keV,更优选是<100keV,并且最优选是<70keV。也优选的是大致上随着α粒子的产生而衰变的放射性核素。此类放射性核素包括但不限于:Dy-152、At-211、Bi-212、Ra-223、Rn-219、Po-215、Bi-211、Ac-225、Fr-221、At-217、Bi-213、Th-227和Fm-255。有用的α粒子发射放射性核素的衰变能量优选是2,000-10,000keV,更优选是3,000-8,000keV,并且最优选是4,000-7,000keV。使用的额外潜在放射性同位素包括11C、13N、15O、75Br、198Au、224Ac、126I、133I、77Br、113mIn、95Ru、97Ru、103Ru、105Ru、107Hg、203Hg、121mTe、122mTe、125mTe、165Tm、167Tm、168Tm、197Pt、109Pd、105Rh、142Pr、143Pr、161Tb、166Ho、199Au、57Co、58Co、51Cr、59Fe、75Se、201T1、225Ac、76Br、169Yb等。一些有用的诊断核素可包括18F、52Fe、62Cu、64Cu、67Cu、67Ga、68Ga、86Y、89Zr、94Tc、94mTc、99mTc或111In。
治疗剂可包括光活性剂或染料。荧光组合物(诸如荧光染料)和其它色原体或染料(诸如对可见光敏感的卟啉)已用于通过将合适的光引导至病变来检测和治疗病变。在疗法中,这已被称为光辐射、光线疗法或光动力疗法。参见Jori等(编),PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPYOF TUMORS AND OTHER DISEASES(Libreria Progetto 1985);van den Bergh,Chem.Britain(1986),22:430。此外,已使单克隆抗体与光活化的染料偶联以实现光线疗法。参见Mew等,J.Immunol.(1983),130:1473;同前,Cancer Res.(1985),45:4380;Oseroff等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1986),83:8744;同前,Photochem.Photobiol.(1987),46:83;Hasan等,Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.(1989),288:471;Tatsuta等,Lasers Surg.Med.(1989),9:422;Pelegrin等,Cancer(1991),67:2529。
其它有用的治疗剂可包括寡核苷酸,尤其是优选针对致癌基因和致癌基因产物诸如bcl-2或p53的反义寡核苷酸。治疗性寡核苷酸的一优选形式是siRNA。熟练技术人员将认识到任何siRNA或干扰RNA物质都可连接于抗体或其片段以向靶向组织递送。许多针对广泛多种靶标的siRNA物质在本领域中是已知的,并且任何此类已知siRNA都可用于所要求保护的方法和组合物中。
具有潜在用途的已知siRNA物质包括对以下各物具有特异性的那些:IKK-γ(美国专利7,022,828);VEGF、Flt-1和Flk-1/KDR(美国专利7,148,342);Bcl2和EGFR(美国专利7,541,453);CDC20(美国专利7,550,572);转导蛋白(β)-样3(美国专利7,576,196);KRAS(美国专利7,576,197);碳酸酐酶II(美国专利7,579,457);补体组分3(美国专利7,582,746);白介素-1受体相关激酶4(IRAK4)(美国专利7,592,443);存活素(美国专利7,608,7070);超氧化物歧化酶1(美国专利7,632,938);MET原致癌基因(美国专利7,632,939);淀粉状蛋白β前体蛋白质(APP)(美国专利7,635,771);IGF-1R(美国专利7,638,621);ICAM1(美国专利7,642,349);补体因子B(美国专利7,696,344);p53(7,781,575)和载脂蛋白B(7,795,421),各引用的专利的实施例章节以引用的方式并入本文。
额外siRNA物质可从已知商业来源获得,诸如Sigma-Aldrich(St Louis,MO)、Invitrogen(Carlsbad,CA)、Santa Cruz Biotechnology(Santa Cruz,CA)、Ambion(Austin,TX)、Dharmacon(Thermo Scientific,Lafayette,CO)、Promega(Madison,WI)、Mirus Bio(Madison,WI)和Qiagen(Valencia,CA)以及许多其它商业来源。siRNA物质的其它可公开获得来源包括在Stockholm Bioinformatics Centre的siRNAdb数据库、MIT/ICBPsiRNA数据库、在Broad Institute的RNAi Cons ortium shRNA文库和在NCBI的Probe数据库。举例来说,在NCBIProbe数据库中存在30,852种siRNA物质。熟练技术人员将认识到对于任何目标基因,siRNA物质已被设计,或可易于使用可公开获得的软件工具加以设计。
治疗性治疗的方法
各种实施方案涉及治疗受试者诸如哺乳动物(包括人、家养宠物或伴侣宠物,诸如狗和猫)的癌症的方法,其包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的细胞毒性剂和/或免疫调节剂的组合。
CAR-T、CAR-NK、干扰素、ADC和/或检查点抑制剂抗体的施用可补充以并行或依序施用治疗有效量的结合靶细胞的表面上的另一抗原或与所述另一抗原具有反应性的另一抗体。优选额外MAb包括至少一种选自由与以下各物具有反应性的MAb组成的组的人源化、嵌合或人MAb:CD4、CD5、CD8、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD19、IGF-1R、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD70、CD74、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD95、CD126、CD133、CD138、CD154、CEACAM-5、CEACAM-6、B7、AFP、PSMA、EGP-1、EGP-2、碳酸酐酶IX、PAM4抗原、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5、Ia、MIF、HM1.24、HLA-DR、腱生蛋白、Flt-3、VEGFR、PlGF、ILGF、IL-6、IL-25、腱生蛋白、TRAIL-R1、TRAIL-R2、补体因子C5、致癌基因产物或其组合。本领域技术人员已知适用的各种抗体,诸如抗CD19抗体、抗CD20抗体和抗CD22抗体。参见例如Ghetie等,Cancer Res.48:2610(1988);Hekman等,CancerImmunol.Immunother.32:364(1991);Longo,Curr..Opin.Oncol.8:353(1996),美国专利号5,798,554;6,187,287;6,306,393;6,676,924;7,109,304;7,151,164;7,230,084;7,230,085;7,238,785;7,238,786;7,282,567;7,300,655;7,312,318;7,501,498;7,612,180;7,670,804;以及美国专利申请公布号20080131363;20070172920;20060193865;和20080138333,各自的实施例章节以引周的方式并入本文。
组合疗法可进一步补充以并行或依序施用至少一种治疗剂。举例来说,“CVB”(1.5g/m2环磷酰胺、200-400mg/m2依托泊苷和150-200mg/m2卡莫司汀)是用于治疗非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的方案。Patti等,Eur.J.Haematol.51:18(1993)。其它合适的组合化学治疗方案为本领域技术人员所熟知。参见例如Freedman等,”Non-Hodgkin′s Lymphomas”,CANCERMEDICINE,第2卷,第3版,Holland等(编),第2028-2068页(Lea和Febiger 1993)。作为例证,用于治疗中级非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(NHL)的第一代化学治疗方案包括C-MOPP(环磷酰胺、长春新碱、丙卡巴肼和泼尼松(prednisone))和CHOP(环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱和泼尼松)。有用的第二代化学治疗方案是m-BACOD(甲氨蝶呤、博莱霉素、多柔比星、环磷酰胺、长春新碱、地塞米松和甲酰四氢叶酸),而合适的第三代方案是MACOP-B(甲氨蝶呤、多柔比星、环磷酰胺、长春新碱、泼尼松、博莱霉素和甲酰四氢叶酸)。额外适用药物包括丁酸苯酯、苯达莫司汀和苔藓抑素-1。
可根据已知方法配制治疗剂的组合以制备药学上有用的组合物,借此CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体与药学上合适的赋形剂一起组合成混合物。无菌磷酸盐缓冲盐水是药学上合适的赋形剂的一个实例。其它适合赋形剂为本领域中的人士所熟知。参见例如Ansel等,PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS,第5版(Lea&Febiger 1990);以及Gennaro(编),REMINGTON’S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,第18版(Mack Publishing Company 1990)及其修订版。
可配制主题CAR-T、CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或抗体以通过例如团式注射或连续输注来进行静脉内施用。优选地,历经小于约4小时的时期,并且更优选历经小于约3小时的时期输注CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC和/或抗体。举例来说,最初团注物可在30分钟,优选甚至15分钟内输注,并且其余部分历经接下来的2-3小时输注。注射用制剂可以单位剂型呈现,例如在添加防腐剂的情况下于安瓿中或于多次剂量容器中。组合物可采用诸如于油性或水性媒介物中的混悬剂、溶液剂或乳剂的形式,并且可含有配制剂,诸如助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。或者,活性成分可呈用于在使用之前用合适的媒介物例如无菌无热原水复水的粉末形式。
额外制药方法可用于控制治疗性组合的作用的持续时间。可通过使用聚合物以复合或吸附待施用的药剂来制备控制释放制剂。举例来说,生物可相容聚合物包括聚(乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯)的基质和硬脂酸二聚物和癸二酸的聚酐共聚物的基质。Sherwood等,Bio/Technology10:1446(1992)。从此类基质释放的速率取决于治疗剂的分子量、基质内药剂的量以及分散粒子的尺寸。Saltzman等,Biophys.J.55:163(1989);Sherwood等,上文。其它固体剂型描述于Ansel等,PHAR MACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY SYST EMS,第5版(Lea&Febiger 1990);以及Gennaro(编),REMINGT ON’S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,第18版(Mack Publishing Company 1990)及其修订版中。
CAR-T、CAR-NK、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体可以皮下方式或甚至通过其它胃肠外途径(诸如静脉内、肌肉内、腹膜内或血管内)向哺乳动物施用。可静脉内、腹膜内或血管内施用ADC。此外,施用可通过连续输注或通过单次或多次团注来进行。优选地,历经小于约4小时的时期,并且更优选历经小于约3小时的时期输注CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体。
更通常地,对于人施用的CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体的剂量将视诸如患者的年龄、重量、身高、性别、总体医学状况和先前医学史的因素而变化。可合乎需要的是以单次静脉内输液形式向接受者提供CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC和/或抗体的在约1mg/kg至25mg/kg的范围内的剂量,但如情况所指示,也可施用更低或更高剂量。对于70kg患者,1-20mg/kg的剂量例如是70-1,400mg,或对于1.7-m患者,是41-824mg/m2。可根据需要重复剂量,例如每周一次持续4-10周,每周一次持续8周,或每周一次持续4周。剂量也可以较小频率给予,诸如每隔一周,持续数月,或每月或每季度,持续多月,如在维持疗法的情况下所需要。
或者,CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC和/或检查点抑制剂抗体可每2或3周施用作为1剂,重复总计至少3剂。或者,组合可每周施用两次,持续4-6周。如果剂量降低至约200-300mg/m2(对于1.7-m患者是每剂340mg,或对于70kg患者是4.9mg/kg),那么所述剂量可每周施用一次或甚至两次,持续4至10周。或者,剂量时程可降低,即每2或3周,持续2-3个月。然而,已确定可通过缓慢静脉内输注来每周一次或每2-3周一次施用甚至更高剂量诸如20mg/kg,持续重复给药循环。给药时程可任选在其它间隔下重复,并且剂量可通过各种胃肠外途径来给予,伴有对剂量和时程的适当调整。
普通技术人员将认识到尽管以上讨论的剂量时程对于ADC、CAR-T、CAR-NK和/或mAb是切合的,但干扰素药剂应在实质上更低剂量下施用以避免全身毒性。用于人的干扰素(诸如聚乙二醇干扰素)的剂量更通常在微克范围内,例如视干扰素的类型而定,可使用每周一次皮下180μg,或100至180μg,或135μg,或135μg/1.73m2,或90μg/1.73m2,或每隔一天皮下250μg。
尽管CAR-T、CAR-NK、干扰素、ADC和/或检查点抑制剂抗体可以定期团式注射液形式施用,但在替代性实施方案中,CAR-T、CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体可通过连续输注来施用。为使治疗剂在血液中的Cmax增加以及延长治疗剂在血液中的PK,可例如通过留置导管来施用连续输液。此类装置在本领域中是已知的,诸如或PORT-A-导管(参见例如Skolnik等,Ther Drug Monit 32:741-48,2010),并且可使用任何此类已知留置导管。多种连续输注泵在本领域中也是已知的,并且可使用任何此类已知输注泵。连续输注的剂量范围可在每天0.1与3.0mg/kg之间。更优选地,CAR-T、CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体可历经2至5小时,更优选2-3小时的相对短暂时期,通过静脉内输注来施用。
在优选实施方案中,药剂的组合适用于癌症疗法。癌症的实例包括但不限于癌瘤、淋巴瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、黑素瘤、肉瘤以及白血病、骨髓瘤或淋巴性恶性肿瘤。此类癌症的更特定实例在以下加以指示,并且包括:鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌)、尤因肉瘤(Ewingsarcoma)、威尔姆斯肿瘤(Wilms tumor)、星形细胞瘤、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞状癌)、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌(gastriccancer/stomach cancer)(包括胃肠癌)、胰腺癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、子宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝细胞瘤、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma)、神经内分泌肿瘤、甲状腺髓样癌、分化的甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌(kidney cancer/renal cancer)、前列腺癌、外阴癌、肛门癌、阴茎癌以及头颈部癌。术语“癌症”包括原发性恶性细胞或肿瘤(例如其细胞尚未向受试者的身体中除原始恶性肿瘤或肿瘤的部位以外的部位迁移的那些)和继发性恶性细胞或肿瘤(例如由转移,即恶性细胞或肿瘤细胞向不同于原始肿瘤的部位的二级部位迁移产生的那些)。有益于本发明的治疗方法的癌症涉及表达、过度表达或异常表达IGF-1R的细胞。
癌症或恶性肿瘤的其它实例包括但不限于:急性儿童期淋巴母细胞性白血病、急性淋巴母细胞性白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、肾上腺皮质癌、成人(原发性)肝细胞癌、成人(原发性)肝癌、成人急性淋巴细胞性白血病、成人急性骨髓性白血病、成人霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、成人淋巴细胞性白血病、成人非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、成人原发性肝癌、成人软组织肉瘤、AIDS相关的淋巴瘤、AIDS相关的恶性肿瘤、肛门癌、星形细胞瘤、胆管癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、脑干神经胶质瘤、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、肾盂和输尿管癌、中枢神经系统(原发性)淋巴瘤、中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、小脑星形细胞瘤、大脑星形细胞瘤、子宫颈癌、儿童期(原发性)肝细胞癌、儿童期(原发性)肝癌、儿童期急性淋巴母细胞性白血病、儿童期急性骨髓性白血病、儿童期脑干神经胶质瘤、儿童期小脑星形细胞瘤、儿童期大脑星形细胞瘤、儿童期颅外生殖细胞肿瘤、儿童期霍奇金氏病、儿童期霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、儿童期下丘脑和视路神经胶质瘤、儿童期淋巴母细胞性白血病、儿童期神经管母细胞瘤、儿童期非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、儿童期松果体和幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤、儿童期原发性肝癌、儿童期横纹肌肉瘤、儿童期软组织肉瘤、儿童期视路和下丘脑神经胶质瘤、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性骨髓源性白血病、结肠癌、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、内分泌胰岛细胞癌、子宫内膜癌、室管膜瘤、上皮癌、食道癌、尤因氏肉瘤和相关肿瘤、外分泌胰腺癌、颅外生殖细胞肿瘤、性腺外生殖细胞肿瘤、肝外胆管癌、眼癌、乳腺癌、高雪氏病(Gaucher′s Disease)、胆囊癌、胃癌、胃肠类癌肿瘤、胃肠肿瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤、妊娠性滋养层肿瘤、毛细胞白血病、头颈部癌、肝细胞癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、高γ球蛋白血症、下咽癌、肠癌、眼内黑素瘤、胰岛细胞癌、胰岛细胞胰腺癌、卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi′s Sarcoma)、肾癌、喉癌、唇和口腔癌、肝癌、肺癌、淋巴组织增生性病症、巨球蛋白血症、恶性间皮瘤、恶性胸腺瘤、神经管母细胞瘤、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、转移性隐匿性原发性鳞状颈部癌、转移性原发性鳞状颈部癌、转移性鳞状颈部癌、多发性骨髓瘤、多发性骨髓瘤/浆细胞赘瘤、骨髓发育不良综合征、骨髓性白血病、骨髓性白血病、骨髓增生性病症、鼻腔和鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌、神经母细胞瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、非黑素瘤皮肤癌、非小细胞肺癌、隐匿性原发性转移性鳞状颈部癌、口咽癌、骨/恶性纤维肉瘤、骨肉瘤/恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、骨肉瘤/骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、卵巢上皮癌、卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤、卵巢低恶性潜力肿瘤、胰腺癌、副蛋白血症、真性红细胞增多症、甲状旁腺癌、阴茎癌、嗜铬细胞瘤、垂体肿瘤、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、原发性肝癌、前列腺癌、直肠癌、肾细胞癌、肾盂和输尿管癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、唾液腺癌、类肉瘤病肉瘤、西泽里综合征(SezarySyndrome)、皮肤癌、小细胞肺癌、小肠癌、软组织肉瘤、鳞状颈部癌、胃癌、幕上原始神经外胚层和松果体肿瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤、睾丸癌、胸腺瘤、甲状腺癌、肾盂和输尿管移行细胞癌、移行肾盂和输尿管癌、滋养层肿瘤、输尿管和肾盂细胞癌、尿道上皮癌、子宫癌、子宫肉瘤、阴道癌、视路和下丘脑神经胶质瘤、外阴癌、瓦尔登斯特伦氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom′sMacroglobulinemia)、韦尔姆斯氏肿瘤,以及除赘瘤形成之外,也包括任何其它位于以上所列的器官系统中的过度增生性疾病。
本文描述和要求保护的方法和组合物可用于治疗恶性或恶变前病状,以及预防进展成赘生性或恶性状态,包括但不限于上述那些病症。在病状被得知或怀疑处于向赘瘤形成或癌症进展之前的情况下指示此类用途,特定来说,其中已发生由增生、组织转化组成或最特定来说由发育不良组成的非赘生性细胞生长(对于此类异常生长病状的综述,参见Robbins和Angell,BASIC PATHOLOGY,第2版,W.B.Saunders Co.,Philadelphia,第68-79页(1976))。
发育不良经常是癌症的预兆,并且主要见于上皮中。它是非赘生性细胞生长的最混乱形式,涉及个别细胞均一性和细胞的结构定向的丧失。发育不良特征性地发生在存在慢性刺激或炎症时。可治疗的发育不良病症包括但不限于无汗性外胚层发育不良、前颜面发育不良、窒息性胸廓发育不良、心房-手指发育不良、支气管肺发育不良、大脑发育不良、子宫颈发育不良、软骨外胚层发育不良、锁骨头颅发育不良、先天性外胚层发育不良、颅骨骨干发育不良、颅腕跖骨发育不良、颅骨干骺端发育不良、牙本质发育不良、骨干发育不良、外胚层发育不良、牙釉质发育不良、脑-眼发育不良、偏侧骨骺发育不良、多发性骨骺发育不良、点状骨骺发育不良、上皮发育不良、面-指-生殖器发育不良、家族性颌骨纤维性发育不良、家族性白色皱褶性发育不良、纤维肌性发育不良、骨纤维性发育不良、旺盛骨性发育不良、遗传性肾脏-视网膜发育不良、出汗性外胚层发育不良、少汗性外胚层发育不良、淋巴细胞减少性胸腺发育不良、乳腺发育不良、下颌面骨发育不良、干骺端发育不良、蒙迪尼发育不良(Mondini dysplasia)、单骨性纤维性发育不良、粘膜上皮发育不良、多发性骨骺发育不良、眼耳脊椎发育不良、眼齿指发育不良、眼脊椎发育不良、牙源性发育不良、眼下颚发育不良、根尖周牙骨质发育不良、多骨纤维性发育不良、假性软骨发育不全性脊椎骨骺发育不良、视网膜发育不良、中隔-眼发育不良、脊椎骨骺发育不良和室径向发育不良。
可治疗的额外赘生前病症包括但不限于良性异常增生性病症(例如良性肿瘤、纤维囊性病状、组织肥大、肠息肉或腺瘤和食道发育不良)、粘膜白斑病、角化病、博文氏病(Bowen′s disease)、农民皮肤病(Farmer′s Skin)、日光性唇炎和日光性角化病。
在优选实施方案中,本发明方法用于抑制癌的生长、进展和/或转移,所述癌特别是以上所列的那些。
额外过度增生性疾病、病症和/或病状包括但不限于进展和/或转移的恶性肿瘤和相关病症,诸如白血病(包括急性白血病(例如急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性髓细胞性白血病(包括髓母细胞性、前髓细胞性、髓单核细胞性、单核细胞性和红白血病))和慢性白血病(例如慢性髓细胞性(粒细胞性)白血病和慢性淋巴细胞性白血病))、真性红细胞增多症、淋巴瘤(例如霍奇金氏病和非霍奇金氏病)、多发性骨髓瘤、瓦尔登斯特伦氏巨球蛋白血症、重链病以及实体肿瘤,包括但不限于肉瘤和癌瘤,诸如纤维肉瘤、粘液肉瘤、脂肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、血管肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、尤因氏肿瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、乳头状腺癌、囊腺癌、髓样癌、支气管源性癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞瘤、胆管癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚性癌、威尔姆氏肿瘤(Wilm′stumor)、子宫颈癌、睾丸肿瘤、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、上皮癌、神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、神经管母细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果体瘤、血管母细胞瘤、听神经瘤、寡树突神经胶质细胞瘤、脑脊髓膜瘤、黑素瘤、神经母细胞瘤和视网膜母细胞瘤。
试剂盒
各种实施方案可涉及含有适于治疗或诊断患者的患病组织的组分的试剂盒。示例性试剂盒可含有一种或多种如本文所述的CAR-T或CAR-NK、ADC、干扰素和/或检查点抑制剂抗体。如果供施用的含有各组分的组合物并非配制来通过消化道进行递送诸如口服递送,那么可包括能够通过某一其它途径来递送试剂盒组分的装置。用于施加(诸如胃肠外递送)的一种类型的装置是注射器,其用于将组合物注射至受试者的身体中。也可使用吸入装置。在某些实施方案中,治疗剂可以含有无菌液体制剂或冻干制剂的预填充注射器或自动注射笔形式提供。
试剂盒组分可包装在一起或分入两个或更多个容器中。在一些实施方案中,容器可为含有组合物的适于复水的无菌冻干制剂的小瓶。试剂盒也可含有一种或多种适于复水和/或稀释其它试剂的缓冲剂。可使用的其它容器包括但不限于囊、托盘、盒、管等。试剂盒组分可被无菌包装和维持在容器内。可包括的另一组分是供使用试剂盒来达成它的用途的人士使用的说明书。
实施例
提供以下实施例以说明而非限制本发明的权利要求。
实施例1.用于产生嵌合抗原受体的氨基酸序列
以下描述新型T细胞或NK细胞的数个家族的设计、组成和使用,所述细胞各自用能够结合组胺-丁二酰基-甘氨酸(HSG)、DTPA标记的铟(DTPA-In)或Trop-2的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)工程改造。此类CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞的一个优选实施方案涉及第三代CAR(Sadelain等,2013,Cancer Discov 3:388-98),其包含例如细胞外定位的单链Fv(scFv)通过源于CD8α铰链的间隔子和源于CD28的跨膜结构域连接于CD28、4-1BB(CD137)和CD3ζ的细胞内定位的信号传导结构域。另一优选实施方案涉及第二代CAR(Sadelain等,2013),其包含例如细胞外定位的scFv通过源于CD8α铰链的间隔子和源于CD28的跨膜结构域连接于CD28和CD3ζ的细胞内定位的信号传导结构域。适于此类第二代或第三代CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞的scFv可从h679(抗HSG)、h734(抗In-DTPA)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)、hMN-15(抗CEACAM6)、hMN-3(抗CEACAM6)、hMN-14(抗CEACAM5)、hR1(抗IGF-1R)、hPAM4(抗粘蛋白)、KC4(抗粘蛋白)、hA20(抗CD20)、hA19(抗CD19)、hIMMU31(抗AFP)、hLL1(抗CD74)、hLL2(抗CD22)、RFB4(抗CD22)、hMu-9(抗CSAp)和hL243(抗HLA-DR)获得。
以下提供适用的氨基酸序列。适用的额外序列在本领域中是已知的,如以上段落[018]和[0105]中所公开。
前导肽(SEQ ID NO:1)
Met Ala Leu Pro Val Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu HisAla Ala Arg Pro
CD8α铰链(SEQ ID NO:2)
Thr Thr Thr Pro Ala Pro Arg Pro Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala SerGln Pro Leu Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Val HisThr Arg Gly Leu Asp Phe Ala Cys Asp
CD8 TM(SEQ ID NO:3)
Ile Tyr Ile Trp Ala Pro Leu Ala Gly Thr Cys Gly Val Leu Leu Leu SerLeu Val Ile Thr Leu Tyr Cys
CD28 TM(SEQ ID NO:4)
Phe Trp Val Leu Val Val Val Gly Gly Val Leu Ala Cys Tyr Ser Leu LeuVal Thr Val Ala Phe Ile Ile Phe Trp Val
CD3ζICD(SEQ ID NO:5)
Arg Val Lys Phe Ser Arg Ser Ala Asp Ala Pro Ala Tyr Gln Gln Gly GlnAsn Gln Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Asn Leu Gly Arg Arg Glu Glu Tyr Asp Val Leu AspLys Arg Arg Gly Arg Asp Pro Glu Met Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Arg Lys Asn Pro GlnGlu Gly Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Gln Lys Asp Lys Met Ala Glu Ala Tyr Ser Glu IleGly Met Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Arg Gly Lys Gly His Asp Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly LeuSer Thr Ala Thr Lys Asp Thr Tyr AspAla Leu His Met Gln Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg
CD28 ICD(SEQ ID NO:6)
Arg Ser Lys Arg Ser Arg Leu Leu His Ser Asp Tyr Met Asn Met Thr ProArg Arg Pro Gly Pro Thr Arg Lys His Tyr Gln Pro Tyr Ala Pro Pro Arg Asp PheAla Ala Tyr Arg Ser Ile Asp
4-1BB ICD(SEQ ID NO:7)
Lys Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe Lys Gln Pro Phe Met ArgPro Val Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Arg Phe Pro Glu Glu GluGlu Gly Gly Cys Glu Leu
h734-VH(SEQ ID NO:8)
QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSHYTMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVTYITNGGVSSYHPDTVKGRFTVSRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYFCTRHAVYAFAYWGQGSLVTVSS
h734-VL(SEQ ID NO:9)
DIQLVVTQEPSFSVSPGGTVTFTCRSSAGAVTTSNYANWVQEKPGQAPRGLIGGTTNRAPGVPARFSGSILGNKAALTITGAQADDESIYFCVLWYSDRWVFGGGTKLKIKR
h679-VH(SEQ ID NO:10)
QVQLQESGGDLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSIYTMSWLRQTPGKGLEWVATLSGDGDDIYYPDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCARVRLGDWDFDVWGQGTTVTVSS
h679-VL(SEQ ID NO:11)
DIQLTQSPSSLAVSPGERVTLTCKSSQSLFNSRTRKNYLGWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYWASTRESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINSLQAEDVAVYYCTQVYYLCTFGAGTKLEIKR
hRS7-VH(SEQ ID NO:12)
QVQLQQSGSELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTNYGMNWVKQAPGQGLKWMGWINTYTGEPTYTDDFKGRFAFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKADDTAVYFCARGGFGSSYWYFDVWGQGSLVTVSS
hRS7-VL(SEQ ID NO:13)
DIQLTQSPSSLSASVGDRVSITCKASQDVSIAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYSASYRYTGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFAVYYCQQHYITPLTFGAGTKV
hMN-15-VH(SEQ ID NO:14)
QVQLQESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCSSSGFALTDYYMSWVRQAPGKGLEWLGFIANKANGHTTDYSPSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLFLQMDSLRPEDTGVYFCARDMGIRWNFDVWGQGTPVTVSS
hMN-15-VL(SEQ ID NO:15)
DIQLTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTMTCSASSRVSYIHWYQQKPGKAPKRWIYGTSTLASGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTFTISSLQPEDIATYYCQQWSYNPPTFGQGTKVEIKR
hMN-14-VH(SEQ ID NO:16)
EVQLVESGGGVVQPGRSLRLSCSASGFDFTTYWMSWVRQAPGKGLEWIGEIHPDSSTINYAPSLKDRFTISRDNAKNTLFLQMDSLRPEDTGVYFCASLYFGFPWFAYWGQGTPVTVSS
hMN-14-VL(SEQ ID NO:17)
DIQLTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVGTSVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYWTSTRHTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTFTISSLQPEDIATYYCQQYSLYRSFGQGTKVEIKR
实施例2.构建用于表达第三代CAR的慢病毒载体
结合HSG的CAR
显示示例性第三代CAR构建体的示意图提供于图1中。如下产生CAR构建体。通过标准技术来合成编码融合蛋白CAR(其包含串联连接的h679-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28TM、CD28ICD、4-1BB ICD和CD3ζICD的氨基酸序列)(h679-28-BB-z,图1)的cDNA的核苷酸序列,进行PCR扩增,并且连接至基于pRRL-SIN-CMV-eGFP-WPRE的第三代自身失活慢病毒载体pCLPS(Dull等,1998,J Virol 72:8463-71),或由于用EF-1α替换CMV作为转基因表达的启动子而不同于pCLPS的pELNS(Carpenito等,2009,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA106:3360-5)中。所编码的CAR包含用于结合HSG的h679scFv。
结合In-DTPA的CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的h734-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28 TM、CD28ICD、4-1BB ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(h734-28-BB-z,图1)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列用h734-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
抗Trop-2CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的hRS7-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28 TM、CD28ICD、4-1BB ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(hRS7-28-BB-z,图1)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由hRS7-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
抗CEACAM6 CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的hMN-15-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28 TM、CD28ICD、4-1BB ICD和CD3ζ ICD的CAR(hMN-15-28-BB-z,图1)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由hMN-15-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
抗CEACAM5 CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的hMN-14-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28 TM、CD28ICD、4-1BB ICD和CD3ζ ICD的CAR(hMN-14-28-BB-z,图1)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由hMN-14-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
实施例3.构建用于表达第二代CAR的慢病毒载体
结合HSG的CAR
显示示例性第二代CAR构建体的示意图提供于图2中。如下产生CAR构建体。通过标准技术来合成编码包含串联连接的h679-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28TM、CD28ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(h679-28-z,图2)的cDNA的核苷酸序列,进行PCR扩增,并且连接至基于pRRL-SIN-CMV-eGFP-WPRE的自身失活慢病毒载体pELNS(Dull等,1998,J Virol 72:8463-71)中,其中转基因表达由EF-1α启动子驱动。
结合In-DTPA的CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的h734-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28TM、CD28ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(h734-28-z,图2)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由h734-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
抗Trop-2CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的hRS7-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28TM、CD28ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(hRS7-28-z,图2)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由hRS7-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
抗CEACAM6 CAR
如上所述构建用于表达包含串联连接的hMN-15-scFv、CD8α铰链、CD28 TM、CD28ICD和CD3ζICD的CAR(hMN-15-28-z,图2)的慢病毒载体,例外之处是编码h679-scFv的核苷酸序列由hMN-15-scFv的核苷酸序列替换。
实施例4.产生慢病毒粒子
产生如以上实施例中所述构建的高滴度复制缺陷型慢病毒载体,并且如由ParryRV等(2003,J Immunol,171:166-74)所述加以浓缩。简要来说,在RPMI 1640、10%热失活FCS、2mM谷氨酰胺、100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL硫酸链霉素中培养HEK 293T细胞(ATCC CRL-3216)。在使用Fugene 6(Roche Molecular Biochemicals),用7μg pMDG.1(VSV-G包膜)、18μg pRSV.rev(HIV-1 Rev编码质粒)、18μg pMDLg/p.RRE(包装质粒)和15μg目标慢病毒载体转染之前24小时,将细胞以每个T150组织培养烧瓶5x106个细胞接种。在转染之后6小时更换培养基,并且在转染后24和48小时收获病毒上清液。病毒粒子通过用Beckman SW28转子在28,000rpm下超速离心3小时来浓缩10倍。
实施例5.对T细胞的转导
对于某些目的,来自正常个体的T细胞可与主题CAR构建体一起用于构建体测试和设计。遵循白细胞除去法,通过用RosetteSep试剂盒(Stem Cell Technologies)进行阴性选择来从健康志愿者供体的PBMC中分离原代人CD4+和CD8+T细胞。在完全培养基(RPMI1640补充以10%热失活FCS、2mM谷氨酰胺、100U/mL青霉素、100μg/mL硫酸链霉素和10 mMHEPES)中培养T细胞,用单克隆抗CD3和抗CD28涂布的珠粒刺激12至24小时,并且在5至10的MOI(感染复数)下用目标慢病毒载体转导。每隔一天添加人重组IL-2以达到50U/mL最终浓度,并且维持0.5至1.0x106/mL的细胞密度。
实施例6.来自癌症患者的自体CAR-T细胞的产生和评估
遵循如由Brentjens等(2013,Sci Transl Med 5:177ra38)所述的方法。简要来说,通过白细胞除去法从癌症患者获得PBMC,洗涤并冷冻保存。从解冻的白细胞除去法产物中分离T细胞,用Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28磁珠(Invitrogen)活化,并且用目标慢病毒载体转导。经转导的T细胞进一步用WAVE生物反应器扩增以获得所需经修饰的T细胞剂量。
通过FACS来评估经修饰的T细胞在患者外周血液和骨髓中的持续性,通过体外对抗原阳性癌细胞的杀灭来评估经修饰的T细胞的抗肿瘤活性,并且通过用Luminex IS100系统和可商购获得的39-plex细胞因子检测测定来分析在输注经修饰的T细胞之前和之后获得的连续血清样品来评估经修饰的T细胞的细胞因子概况(Brentjens RL等,2011,Blood118:4817-28)。
实施例7.从无关第三方供体产生同种异体CAR-T细胞
通过白细胞除去法从无关第三方供体获得PBMC,洗涤并冷冻保存。从解冻的白细胞除去法产物中分离T细胞,并且使用转录活化子样效应物核酸酶(TALENTM)基因编辑技术(Cellectis)使TCRot恒定(TRAC)基因失活以产生TCR缺陷型T细胞,其用Dynabeads HumanT-Activator CD3/CD28磁珠(Invitrogen)活化,并且用目标慢病毒载体转导。经转导的TCR缺陷型T细胞进一步用WAVE生物反应器扩增以获得所需经修饰的T细胞剂量。
实施例8.制备HSG缀合的IgG
在某些实施方案中,可使诸如抗TAA抗体的抗体缀合于半抗原诸如HSG或In-DTPA,并且用于使CAR-T或CAR-NK细胞间接靶向肿瘤或其它疾病靶标。经半抗原标记的抗体被允许定位于靶标(例如肿瘤)细胞。接着,向患者施用含有半抗原结合位点的CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体,并且与经半抗原标记的抗体共定位。这个方法的优势是仅通过改变用半抗原标记的抗体的特异性即可使相同CAR-T或CAR-NK构建体靶向广泛多种不同靶细胞抗原。
为产生用HSG半抗原标记的抗体,用75mM乙酸钠缓冲液(pH6.5)中的TCEP温和还原人源化单克隆IgG1,随后在室温下与10-15倍摩尔过量的顺丁烯二酰亚胺-PEG4-Ala-dLys(HSG)-dTyr-dLys(HSG)-NH2(图4A)原位缀合20分钟,并且使用脱盐柱纯化。通过使可从Thermo Scientific获得的SM(PEG)n家族的交联剂SM(PEG)4(图4B)与Ala-dLys(HSG)-dTyr-dLys(HSG)-NH2反应来制备二HSG部分。
实施例9.制备DTPA-In缀合的IgG
用75mM乙酸钠缓冲液(pH 6.5)中的TCEP温和还原人源化单克隆IgG1,随后在室温下与10-15倍摩尔过量的铟络合的顺丁烯二酰亚胺-PEG4-dPhe-dLys(DTPA)-dTyr-dLys(DTPA)-NH2原位缀合20分钟,并且使用脱盐柱纯化。通过使SM(PEG)4(图4B)与dPhe-dLys(DTPA)-dTyr-dLys(DTPA)-NH2反应来制备二DTPA-In部分。
实施例10.使用经转导以表达hRS7-28-BB-z的CAR-T细胞对Trop-2阳性人癌异种移植物的治疗。
通过在NOG小鼠的侧腹中植入BxPC-3胰腺癌细胞来建立Trop-2阳性异种移植物模型。在肿瘤体积达到约500mm3之后,以相隔1周进行2次肿瘤内注射15x106个CAR-T细胞(约70至80%转基因阳性)治疗小鼠。在接受相关CAR-T细胞而非无关CAR-T细胞的所有小鼠中都观察到强效抗肿瘤作用。
实施例11.通过依序用HSG缀合的hMN-14IgG和经转导以表达h679-28-BB-z的CAR-T细胞进行靶向来对CEACAM5阳性人癌异种移植物的治疗。
通过在NOG小鼠的侧腹中植入BxPC-3胰腺癌细胞来建立CEACAM5阳性异种移植物模型。在肿瘤体积达到约250mm3之后,用HSG缀合的hMN-14IgG静脉内注射小鼠,随后在第3天和第10天肿瘤内注射15x106个CAR-T细胞(约70至80%转基因阳性)。在接受依序治疗的所有小鼠中,而非在仅接受CAR-T细胞的小鼠中,观察到强效抗肿瘤作用。
实施例12.通过用未缀合的hMN-14IgG预给药,随后依序靶向HSG缀合的hMN-14IgG和经转导以表达h679-28-BB-z的CAR-T细胞来对CEACAM5阳性人癌异种移植物的治疗。
通过在NOG小鼠的侧腹中植入BxPC-3胰腺癌细胞来建立CEACAM5阳性异种移植物模型。在肿瘤体积达到约250mm3之后,将小鼠分成两组。一组在施用HSG缀合的hMN-14IgG之前1天接受12.5mg/kg的未缀合hMN-14IgG的预给药,随后在第3天和第10天静脉内注射15x106个HSG结合的CAR-T细胞(约70至80%转基因阳性)。另一组接受相同治疗,例外之处是省略预给药步骤。在两个组中均观察到强效抗肿瘤作用,此指示预给药不影响随后CAR-T靶向用HSG缀合的hMN-14加以标签化的表达CEA的肿瘤。预给药保护表达CEACAM5的正常组织,并且使CAR-T施用的全身毒性降低。
实施例13.产生用HSG结合CAR遗传工程改造的NK细胞
可经受用HSG结合CAR或其它目标CAR遗传工程改造的NK细胞包括原代NK细胞和若干NK样人细胞系,诸如NK-92(Gong等,Leukemia 8:652-8,1994)、NK-92MI(Tam等,Hum GeneTher 10:1359-73,1999)、NK-92fc(Binyamin等,J Immunol 180:6392-6401,2008)、NKL(Robertson等,Exp Hematol 24:406-15,1996)、NKG(Cheng等,Cell transplant 20:1731-46,2011)、NK-YS(Tsuchiyama等,Blood 92:1374-83,1998)、KHYG-1(Yagita等,Leukemia14:922-30,2000)和YT(Yodoi等,J Immunol 134:1623-30,1985)。
通过mRNA电穿孔来转导原代NK细胞。通过白细胞除去法从健康供体获得PBMC,洗涤并冷冻保存直至使用。通过使用Miltenyi NK细胞分离试剂盒(Auburn,CA)从解冻的PBMC消减非NK细胞来纯化原代NK细胞,扩增,并且通过电穿孔来用从实施例2的编码HSG结合CAR的转基因转录的mRNA转染(每1至3x108个细胞/mL,100μg/mL),如由Li等(Cancer GeneTher 17:147-54,2010)所述。在电穿孔之后立刻,从处理室回收细胞,在37℃、5%CO2下放置20分钟,再混悬于具有10%FBS和100IU/mL IL-2的RPMI-1640培养基中,并且在37℃、5%CO2下培养直至对HSG结合CAR的表达、活力、IFN-γ产生和细胞毒性进行分析。
通过慢病毒载体来转导NK-92细胞。NK-92细胞系购自ATCC(CRL-2407),并且维持在补充以500U/mL普留净(Proleukin)(Chiron,Emeryville,CA)的MyeloCult培养基(StemCell Technology,Vancouve r,Canada)中。使用如由Boissel等(Leuk Lymphoma 53:958-65,2012)所述的离心转染方案,用p-CLPS-h679-28-BB-z(实施例2)转导NK-92细胞。在补充以1000U/mL普留净的MyeloCult培养基中扩增经转导细胞48至72小时,并且分析转导效率、HSG结合CAR的表达和细胞毒性。
CAR-NK疗法。将CEACAM5阳性结肠直肠癌患者在施用HSG缀合的hMN-14IgG之前1天用12.5mg/kg的未缀合hMN-14IgG预给药,随后在第-3天和第-10天静脉内注射每kg5x107个HSG结合CAR-NK细胞(约70至80%转基因阳性)。观察到强效抗肿瘤作用,从而指示预给药不影响随后CAR-NK靶向用HSG缀合的hMN-14加以标签化的表达CEA的肿瘤。预给药保护表达CEACAM5的正常组织,并且使CAR-T施用的全身毒性降低。
以下显示用于NK细胞转染的额外CAR序列。
用于NK-92的靶向HSG的第2代CAR(491个氨基酸)
SPCD8α-VKh679-(GGGGS)3-VHh679-铰链CD8α-TMCD8α-ICD4-1BB-ICDCD3ζ(“(GGGGS)3”公开为SEQ ID NO:18)
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARPDIQLTQSPSSLAVSPGERVTLTCKSSQSLFNSRTRKNYLGWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYWASTRESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINSLQAEDVAVYYCTQVYYLCTFGAGTKLEIKRGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLQESGGDLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSIYTMSWLRQTPGKGLEWVATLSGDGDDIYYPDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCARVRLGDWDFDVWGQGTTVTVSSTTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYCKRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCELRVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(SEQ ID NO:21)
用于NK-92MI的靶向HSG的第3代CAR(537个氨基酸)
SPCD8α-VKh679-(GGGGS)3-VHh679-铰链CD8α-TMCD28-ICDCD28-ICD4-1BB-ICDCD3ζ(“(GGGGS)3”公开为SEQ ID NO:18)
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARPDIQLTQSPSSLAVSPGERVTLTCKSSQSLFNSRTRKNYLGWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYWASTRESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINSLQAEDVAVYYCTQVYYLCTFGAGTKLEIKRGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLQESGGDLVKPGGSLKLSCAASGFTFSIYTMSWLRQTPGKGLEWVATLSGDGDDIYYPDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTALYYCARVRLGDWDFDVWGQGTTVTVSSTTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDFWVLVVVGGVLACYSLLVTVAFIIFWVRSKRSRLLHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAYRSIDKRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCELRVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(SEQ ID NO:22)
实施例14.使用ADC(IMMU-132或hRS7-SN-38)治疗疗法难治性转移性结肠癌(mCRC)
患者是1名患有mCRC的62岁女性,其最初在2012年1月呈现有转移性疾病。她在诊断之后几周进行腹腔镜检查回肠横向结肠切除术作为第一疗法,接着在新辅助环境下接受4个循环的FOLFOX(甲酰四氢叶酸、5-氟尿嘧啶、奥沙利铂)化学疗法,随后在2012年3月进行右侧肝切除术以移除在肝的右叶中的转移性病变。这继之以在2012年6月恢复的辅助FOLFOX方案,持续总计12个循环的FOLFOX。在8月,由于神经毒性恶化,所以从方案略去奥沙利铂。她的末次循环的5-FU在2012年9月25日采用。
2013年1月进行的CT显示向肝转移。接着将她评估为用于招募至IMMU-132(hRS7-SN-38)探究性研究中的良好候选者。在她的医学史中的合并症包括哮喘、糖尿病、高血压、高胆固醇血症、心脏杂音、食管裂孔疝、甲状腺功能不足、腕管综合征、青光眼、抑郁症、不宁腿综合征和神经病变。她的手术史包括输卵管结扎(1975年)、甲状腺切除术(1983年)、胆囊切除术(2001年)、腕管松解(2008年)和青光眼手术。
在进入这个疗法时,她的靶标病变是在肝的左叶中的3.1-cm肿瘤。非靶标病变包括在肝中的若干低衰减肿块。她的基线CEA是781ng/mL。
根据每周一次时程通过输注来给予IMMU-132,持续连续2周,接着休息1周,这构成一个治疗循环。当耐受时,重复这些循环。在2013年2月15日开始首次输注IMMU-132(8mg/kg),并且在无值得注意的事件的情况下得以完成。在首个循环的过程期间,她经历恶心(2级)和疲劳(2级),并且从那时起已持续进行治疗而无重大不利事件。她在2013年3月报告脱发和便秘。在2013年4月8日进行的首次响应评估(在6次剂量之后)显示根据计算机断层摄影术(CT),靶标病变收缩29%。在2013年3月25日,她的CEA水平降低至230ng/mL。在2013年5月23日的第二次响应评估(在10次剂量之后)时,靶标病变收缩39%,由此根据RECIST准则构成部分响应。她已持续进行治疗,在8mg/kg下接受构成12次剂量的hRS7-SN-38(IMMU-132)的6个循环。自从开始这个探究性治疗,她的总体健康状况和临床症状显著改进。
实施例15.以IMMU-132进行的ADC疗法用于转移性实体癌
IMMU-132是一种ADC,其包含CPT-11的活性代谢物SN-38通过pH敏感性接头(平均药物-抗体比率=7.6)缀合于hRS7抗Trop-2人源化单克隆抗体,所述抗体在结合于Trop-2时展现快速内化。IMMU-132靶向由许多癌瘤以高普遍性和特异性表达的I型跨膜蛋白Trop-2。这个实施例报道患有不同转移性癌症(胰腺癌,7例;三阴性乳腺癌[TNBC],4例;结肠直肠癌[CRC],3例;胃癌,3例,食道癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌[SCLC]、肾癌、扁桃体癌、尿路膀胱癌各1例)的25名患者在中值3种先前治疗(一些治疗包括拓扑异构酶-I和拓扑异构酶-II抑制药物)失败之后的I期临床试验。
以重复21天循环施用IMMU-132,其中在第1和8天给予各治疗。在8mg/kg/剂量(即16mg/kg/循环)下开始给药,并且在遭遇剂量限制性嗜中性白细胞减少症之前逐步提高至18mg/kg,采用3+3试验设计。疲劳、脱发和偶尔轻度至中度腹泻是一些更常见非血液学毒性,其中2名患者也报告皮疹。根据CT,24名可评估患者中超过80%在各种转移性癌症之中具有稳定疾病或肿瘤收缩(SD和PR)作为最佳响应。根据RECIST,3名患者(CRC、TNBC、SCLC)具有PR;排除患有胰腺癌的那些患者的所有患者的中值TTP是>18周。嗜中性白细胞减少症已通过将剂量降低至8-10mg/kg/剂量(16-20mg/kg/循环)加以控制。
免疫组织化学分析显示Trop-2在大多数存档患者肿瘤中强烈表达,但它未在血清中被检测到。血液肿瘤标志物滴度(例如CEA、CA19-9)的相应降低反映肿瘤响应。尽管重复给药,但尚未检测到抗抗体抗体或抗SN-38抗体。对血清中IMMU-132浓度的峰值和谷底评估显示缀合物在7天内被完全清除,这是基于显示每天有50%的SN-38被释放在血清中的体外研究的预期研究结果。这些结果指示以在每个循环16-24mg/kg的范围内的剂量给予的这个新型ADC在不同转移性实体癌的情况下显示高治疗指数。
实施例16.作为靶向CEACAM5的SN-38ADC的IMMU-130在转移性结肠直肠癌(mCRC)的情况下具有治疗活性
IMMU-130,作为SN-38通过pH敏感性接头(7.6平均药物-抗体比率)缀合于人源化抗CEACAM5抗体(拉贝珠单抗)的ADC,正在完成两个I期试验。在两个试验中,要求符合条件的患有晚期mCRC的患者已经受失败/复发的标准治疗,一种所述治疗是拓扑异构酶I抑制药物CPT-11(伊立替康),并且具有升高的血浆CEA(>5ng/mL)。
在第一方案(IMMU-130-01)中,每14天(EOW),在从2.0mg/kg开始的剂量下施用IMMU-130。在24mg/kg下,在3名患者中的2名中出现发热性嗜中性白细胞减少症;另外在≤16mg/kg下,在7名患者中观察到嗜中性白细胞减少症(≥2级),其中1名也经历血小板减少症。1名患者[来自接受≥4次剂量(2个循环)的8名患者]显示肝(以7cm起始)和肺靶标病变降低40.6%(根据RECIST,达成PR)持续4.7个月,不伴有重大毒性,在16mg/kg下耐受总计18次剂量。在12mg/kg EOW下扩大研究。
因为SN-38在S期细胞的情况下最有效,所以更延长暴露可改进功效。因此,在第二I期试验(IMMU-130-02)中,使给药加强成每周两次,以6mg/kg/剂量起始,持续2周(4次剂量),伴有1周停药作为治疗循环,采用3+3试验设计。嗜中性白细胞减少症和可管理的腹泻是主要副作用,直至剂量降低至每周两次4.0mg/kg,其中早期结果指示多个循环得以良好耐受。当前,在完成≥4次剂量(1个循环)的6名患者之中,肿瘤收缩发生在3名患者中,其中1名患者根据RECIST处于持续PR(-46%)状态。在两个试验中,CEA血液滴度均与肿瘤响应相关,并且高水平不干扰疗法。基于ELISA测试,尚无抗抗体抗体或抗SN-38抗体反应。在各研究中,ADC在前24小时内被清除50%,相比于在典型剂量的母体分子CPT-11的情况下,此是长久得多的暴露。这些结果指示以平均约16-24mg/kg/循环的不同方案给予的这种新型ADC在晚期mCRC患者中显示高治疗指数。因为CEACAM-5在乳腺癌和肺癌以及其它上皮肿瘤中具有升高的表达,所以它也可为在其它癌症的情况下适用的靶标。
实施例17.单独或与CAR-T组合的检查点抑制剂抗体的抗肿瘤活性
为确定示例性检查点抑制剂抗体伊匹单抗(抗CTLA4)的抗肿瘤活性是否与添加CAR-T治疗协同或由添加CAR-T治疗抑制,评估单独或与以上实施例2或实施例3中公开的示例性抗Trop-2CAR-T组合的CTLA4mAb。基于对各种药剂和CTLA4阻断的不同敏感性选择M109肺癌、SA1N纤维肉瘤和CT26结肠癌模型。
所有化合物都在它们的最优剂量和时程下加以测试。当组合使用时,在第一剂CAR-T之后1天启始CTLA4mAb。肿瘤生长抑制百分比和达到目标肿瘤尺寸的天数用于评估功效。将抗肿瘤活性评分为:完全消退(CR;肿瘤不可触)或部分消退(PR;肿瘤体积降低50%)。协同作用定义为抗肿瘤活性显著优于(p<0.05)用各药剂进行的单药疗法的活性。
在对CTLA4阻断敏感,并且对抗Trop-2CAR-T适度敏感的SA1N纤维肉瘤肿瘤模型中,在CTLA4mAb和抗Trop-2CAR-T的组合的情况下,边界协同作用是明显的。在M109肺转移模型和CT26结肠癌模型中,检测到CTLA4mAb与抗Trop-2CAR-T组合的协同作用。
总之,向抗Trop-2CAR-T中添加CTLA4mAb导致模型依赖性协同活性。无论肿瘤的免疫原性如何,以及仅当至少一种疗法具有活性时,观察到协同作用。组合方案得以良好耐受,并且似乎不抑制CTLA4mAb活性。在对单独CTLA4mAb不响应的肿瘤的情况下观察到协同作用,从而表明添加CAR-T可诱导免疫原性细胞死亡。
实施例18.用ADC(IMMU-132)和干扰素-α 进行的用以治疗难治性转移性非小细胞肺癌的组合疗法
患者是1名被诊断有非小细胞肺癌的60岁男性。患者被给予卡铂、贝伐单抗的化学疗法方案6个月,并且显示响应,接着在进展之后,在接下来2年内接受用卡铂、依托泊苷、吉西他滨进行的进一步化学疗法过程,伴有持续至多2个月的偶尔响应。患者接着呈现有测量为6.5x 4cm的左侧纵隔肿块和胸腔积液。
在签署知情同意书之后,患者在21天循环的第1和8天被给予在10mg/kg的剂量下的IMMU-132。在第一周治疗之后,患者被给予用IMMU-132和进行的组合疗法。在前两次注射期间,经历短期嗜中性白细胞减少症和腹泻,其中在4小时内大便4次,但这些在2天内消除或响应于对症性药物。在总计6次输注IMMU-132和5次输注之后,对指标病变的CT评估显示22%降低,恰好低于部分响应,但肿瘤收缩明确。患者继续再用这个疗法3个月,此时通过CT指示就指标病变的直径的总和而言具有45%肿瘤收缩的部分响应,因此根据RECIST准则构成部分响应。相较于单独施用的两种药剂,组合疗法似乎提供协同响应。
实施例19.用ADC(IMMU-130)和抗CEACAM5CAR-T进行的用以治疗晚期结肠癌的组合疗法
患者是1名最初被诊断有转移性结肠癌(IV期)的75岁女性。她进行右侧部分半结肠切除术和部分切除她的小肠,接着接受FOLFOX、FOLFOX+贝伐单抗、FOLFIRI+雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)以及FOLFIRI+西妥昔单抗疗法一年半,此时她显示疾病进展,伴随疾病扩散至后陷凹、网膜,在她的骨盆中具有腹水,并且在她的胸腔的右侧具有胸腔积液。就在这个疗法之前,她的基线CEA滴度是15ng/mL。她被给予每周两次6mg/kg IMMU-130(抗CEACAM5-SN-38),持续连续2周,接着休息1周(3周循环)。在首个循环之后,患者被给予用IMMU-130和抗Trop-2CAR-T进行的组合疗法,所述抗组合疗法根据相同3周循环通过连续输注来施用。在得以极其良好耐受而无任何重大血液学或非血液学毒性的5个循环之后,她的血浆CEA滴度适度缩减至1.3ng/mL,但在8周评估时,她显示指标肿瘤病变的21%收缩,此在13周时增加至27%收缩。惊人的是,此时患者的腹水和胸腔积液均减少(其中后者消失),因此使患者的总体状况显著改进。相较于单独施用的两种药剂,组合疗法似乎提供协同响应。
实施例20.用ADC(IMMU-130)、抗Trop-2CAR-T和干扰素-α进行的用以治疗患有IV期转移性疾病的胃癌患者的组合疗法
患者是1名由于持续约6年的与进食相关的胃不适和疼痛,以及在过去12个月期间伴有重量减轻而寻求医学照护的52岁男性。对胃区域的触诊揭示坚硬团块,其接着经胃镜检查,从而揭示在他的胃的下部具有溃疡性肿块。对此进行活检,并且诊断为胃腺癌。实验室测试揭示无特定异常变化,例外之处是肝功能测试结果、LDH和CEA得以升高,CEA是10.2ng/mL。患者接着经受全身PET扫描,其揭示除胃肿瘤之外,在左侧腋窝中以及在肝的右叶中存在转移性疾病(2个小转移)。患者使他的胃肿瘤被切除,接着对他的转移性肿瘤进行基线CT测量。在手术之后4周,他接受3个疗程的由顺铂和5-氟尿嘧啶(CF)的方案组成的组合化学疗法,但对此不良好耐受,因此转向用多西他赛治疗。基于CT扫描,似乎疾病得以稳定约4个月,但接着患者对进一步重量减轻、腹部疼痛、食欲不振和极端疲劳的诉说导致重复CT研究,其显示转移的尺寸增加合计20%,并且在原始胃切除的部位存在可疑病变。
患者接着根据8mg/kg的每周时程被给予用IMMU-130(抗CEACAM5-SN-38)进行的实验疗法。在第一周之后,启始用IMMU-130、抗Trop-2CAR-T和干扰素-α进行的组合疗法。在随后4周内,患者未展现腹泻或嗜中性白细胞减少症的迹象。患者接着经受CT研究以测量他的转移性肿瘤尺寸和观察原始胃切除区域。根据RECIST准则,放射科医生测量到相较于在疗法之前的基线,转移性病变的总和降低23%。在原始胃切除的区域中似乎不存在任何明确病变。此时,患者的CEA滴度是7.2ng/mL,其从14.5ng/mL的基线值降低许多。患者继续采用每周组合疗法,并且在总计13次输注之后,他的CT研究显示一个肝转移已消失,并且所有转移性病变的总和降低41%,从而根据RECIST构成部分响应。患者的总体状况改进,并且他恢复他的惯常活动,同时继续每三周接受维持疗法。在末次测量血液CEA时,值是4.8ng/mL,其在吸烟者(对于这个患者,情况就是这样)的正常范围内。
实施例21.用以治疗晚期结肠癌的抗HLA-DR抗体和抗CEACAM5CAR-T的组合
患者是1名最初被诊断有转移性结肠癌(IV期)的70岁男性。他进行右侧部分半结肠切除术和部分切除他的小肠,接着接受FOLFOX、FOLFOX+贝伐单抗、FOLFIRI+雷莫芦单抗以及FOLFIRI+西妥昔单抗疗法一年半,此时他显示疾病进展,其中疾病扩散至后陷凹、网膜,在他的骨盆中具有腹水,并且在他的胸腔的右侧具有胸腔积液。就在这个疗法之前,他的基线CEA滴度是15ng/mL。他被给予抗Trop-2CAR-T,其通过每周两次持续连续2周进行连续输注来施用,接着休息1周(3周循环)。在各循环中首次施用CAR-T之后,施用5mg/kg的剂量的抗HLA DR hL243抗体以预防产生细胞因子风暴。在得以良好耐受而无任何重大血液学或非血液学毒性的5个循环之后,他的血浆CEA滴度降低至1.3ng/mL。在8周评估时,他显示指标肿瘤病变的31%收缩,此在13周时增加至40%收缩。惊人的是,此时患者的腹水和胸腔积液均减少(其中后者消失),因此使患者的总体状况显著改进。抗HLA-DR抗体的使用有效预防由CAR-T施用诱导的免疫毒性。
实施例22.产生用结合HSG的CAR遗传工程改造的NK细胞
在某些实施方案中,CAR-NK或CAR-T细胞可用结合半抗原诸如HSG的抗体部分工程改造。HSG结合部分可用于靶向已先前用经半抗原标记的抗体加以标签化的细胞。以这个方式,通过使用不同经HSG标记的抗体来对适当靶细胞进行标签化,可使单一CAR构建体靶向表达不同抗原的多种靶细胞。
可经受用结合HSG的CAR或其它目标CAR遗传工程改造的NK细胞包括原代NK细胞和若干NK样人细胞系,诸如NK-92(Gong等,Leukemia 8:652-8,1994)、NK-92MI(Tam等,HumGene Ther10:1359-73,1999)、NK-92fc(Binyamin等,J Immunol 180:6392-6401,2008)、NKL(Robertson等,Exp Hematol 24:406-15,1996)、NKG(Cheng等,Cell transplant 20:1731-46,2011)、NK-YS(Tsuchiyama等,Blood 92:1374-83,1998)、KHYG-1(Yagita等,Leukemia 14:922-30,2000)和YT(Yodoi等,J Immunol 134:1623-30,1985)。
通过mRNA电穿孔来转导原代NK细胞
通过白细胞除去法从健康供体获得PBMC,洗涤并冷冻保存直至使用。通过使用Miltenyi NK细胞分离试剂盒(Auburn,CA)从解冻的PBMC消减非NK细胞来纯化原代NK细胞,扩增,并且通过电穿孔来用从编码HSG结合CAR的转基因转录的mRNA转染(每1至3x108个细胞/mL,100μg/mL),如由Li等(Cancer Gene Ther17:147-54,2010)所述。在电穿孔之后立刻从处理室回收细胞,在37℃、5%CO2下放置20分钟,再混悬于具有10%FBS和100IU/mL IL-2的RPMI-1640培养基中,并且在37℃、5%CO2下培养直至对HSG结合CAR的表达、活力、IFN-γ产生和细胞毒性进行分析。
通过慢病毒载体来转导NK-92细胞
NK-92细胞系购自ATCC(CRL-2407),并且维持在补充以500U/mL普留净(Proleukin)(Chiron,Emeryville,CA)的MyeloCult培养基(Stem Cell Technology,Vancouver,Canada)中。使用如由Boissel等(Leuk Lymphoma 53:958-65,2012)所述的离心转染方案,用p-CLPS-h679-28-BB-z(实施例2)转导NK-92细胞。在补充以1000U/mL普留净的MyeloCult培养基中扩增经转导细胞48至72小时,并且分析转导效率、HSG结合CAR的表达和细胞毒性。
实施例23.设计和构建hRS7-CAR
以下提供显示作为人Trop-2靶向性CAR的hRS7-CAR的设计的示意图,其中相应氨基酸序列提供于图5中。
SPCD8α-VKhRs7-(GGGGS)3-VHhRS7-铰链CD8α-TMCD8α-ICD4-1BB-ICDCD3(“(GGGGS)3”公开为SEQ ID NO:18)
hRS7-CAR构建体由CD8α信号肽序列、hRS7(人源化抗人Trop-2mAb)的VK和VH、CD8α的铰链区和跨膜结构域、4-1BB的细胞内结构域以及CD3ξ的细胞内结构域组成。以下提供显示用于体外合成hRS7-CAR mRNA的DNA模板的示意图,其中相应核苷酸序列提供于图6中。
Xba I-T7启动子-5’-UTR-Kozak序列-hRS7-CAR-3’-UTR-Hind III
模板包含添加至5’末端的编码hRS7-CAR的DNA序列、T7启动子、人球蛋白基因的5’非翻译区(UTR)序列和Kozak序列、以及添加至3’末端的人球蛋白基因的3’UTR序列。为有助于克隆,将Xba I和Hind III限制位点分别添加至5’末端和3’末端。所有DNA序列都由Genscript(Piscataway,NJ)合成。
hRS7-CAR mRNA的合成
将hRS7-CAR的DNA模板克隆至PUC57的Xba I和Hind III位点中。使所得载体(PUC57-hRS7-CAR)在Hind III位点处线性化,并且根据制造商说明书,使用mMESSAGET7Ultra试剂盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific,Carlsbad,CA)进行体外mRNA合成。这个试剂盒使体外转录与5′加帽和3′多聚腺苷酸化联合以使mRNA稳定性和翻译增加。通过Nanodrop紫外-可见分光光度计(Thermo Scientific,Wilmington,DE)来测定产量,并且通过凝胶电泳来检查最终mRNA产物的完整性,所述凝胶电泳显示基本上单一条带(未显示)。
慢病毒载体构建
通过使用高保真Phusion DNA聚合酶(New England Biolabs,Ip swich,MA)和以下引物进行PCR来从PUC57-hRS7-CAR扩增编码hRS7-CAR的DNA序列:正向:5’-TCAACTCGAGCGCCGCCACCATGGCC-3’(SEQ ID NO:24),反向:5’-CTGGTCTAGAGGTAACCCTACCGTGGTGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:25)。将PCR产物在限制位点XhoI和XbaI处克隆至pLVX-puro载体(Clontech Laboratories,Mountain View,CA)中,并且对所得载体(pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR)测序以获得准确性。pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR的示意图提供于图7中。
通过用限制酶XbaI和XhoI消化以及进行凝胶电泳(未显示)来验证新构建体pLVX-Puro-hRS7-CAR(1493bp),并且在大量制备之后进行测序。
实施例24.使用mRNA电穿孔来产生hRS7-CAR-NK-92MI
hRS7-CAR mRNA的电穿孔
使NK-92MI细胞在Myelocult培养基(STEMCELL Technologies,Vancouver,Canada)中生长至对数期,洗涤,并且在1.67×107个细胞/ml的浓度下再混悬于无血清MEM培养基(Thermo Fisher Scientific)中。将600μl MEM培养基中的1×107个细胞和100μl水中的30μg mRNA的混合物转移至4-mm电穿孔杯(BioRad,Hercules,CA)中。在冰上孵育10分钟之后,使用300V、150μF和的条件进行电穿孔。使细胞再孵育10分钟,接着转移回Myelocult培养基中,并且在37℃和5%CO2下培养24至48小时,随后通过针对hRS7的大鼠抗id mAb WU来分析hRS7的表达。
hRS7-CAR在hRS7-CAR-NK-92MI上的表达
用hRS7-CAR mRNA或用仅缓冲液(mock)转染NK-92MI细胞。用RIPA缓冲液提取总蛋白质,在SDS-PAGE上分离,并且通过蛋白质印迹来用WU-HRP探测(未显示)。对于用hRS7-CARmRNA转染的NK-92MI的细胞溶解产物,而非对于mock转染的NK-92MI,观察到约50kDa的独特条带。因为hRS7-CAR的计算分子量是约51kDa,所以这些结果确认在用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92MI细胞中产生hRS7-CAR。hRS7在活的hRS7-CAR-NK-92MI的细胞表面上的表达也通过图8中的流式细胞术来证明,所述图8显示约41%的通过电穿孔来用hRS7-CAR转染的NK-92MI细胞在分析时是活着的,并且这个子群体中的25%表达hRS7。
实施例25.通过MTS进行的细胞毒性测定
用以及不用(mock)hRS7-CAR mRNA转染NK-92MI细胞。在孵育24小时之后,使它们与表达Trop-2的HCC1806(4,500个细胞/孔)在3种不同效应物与靶标比率(1∶1、2∶1或4∶1)下在96孔板中混合,并且孵育过夜。在次日,洗除NK-92MI和HCC1806死细胞,两者均是非粘附的。将粘附的有活力的HCC1806细胞再培养2天,并且通过MTS测定来测定活力。概述于图9中的结果指示相较于mock转染的NK-92MI,在效应物与靶标比率2∶1或4∶1下,用hRS7-CARmRNA转染的NK-92MI细胞显著杀灭更多HCC1806细胞。
实施例26.通过流式细胞术获得的细胞毒性
为进一步证明用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92MI对所靶向细胞具有增强的细胞毒性,用CellVue Claret远红外荧光细胞接头试剂盒(CellVue Claret Far RedFluorescent Cell Linker Kit)(Sigma-Aldrich,Louis,MO)对HCC1806细胞进行标记,并且在效应物与靶标比率3∶1下与NK-92MI细胞一起在37℃下孵育3小时。细胞接着用BD V450染色,并且通过流式细胞术来分析HCC1806的活力。如图10中所示,相较于由mock转染的NK-92MI细胞达成的约25%,约42%的HCC1806细胞被用hRS7-CAR mRNA转染的NK-92MI细胞杀灭。因为在相同实验中发现约10%的未处理的HCC1806细胞不具有活力,所以由用hRS7-CARmRNA转染的NK-92MI细胞对HCC1806细胞的特异性溶解是对于mock转染的NK-92MI观察到的溶解的约2倍高。
实施例27.使用慢病毒转导来产生hRS7-CAR-NK-92ML
慢病毒包装和转导
将Lenti-X 293T细胞于8ml生长培养基中以5x106个细胞/10-cm培养皿接种过夜,并且在转染时达到80-90%汇合。在无菌水中制备慢病毒载体pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR或pLVX-puro的溶液以在600μl中含有7μg DNA,将所述溶液添加至一管Lenti-X Packaging SingleShots(Clontech Laboratories)中。将样品涡旋,在室温下孵育10分钟,离心2秒,接着逐滴添加至8ml细胞培养物中。在37℃/5%CO2下4小时至过夜孵育之后,添加6ml新鲜完全生长培养基,并且在添加病毒载体之后48小时收获上清液。
为转导NK-92MI细胞,使收获的慢病毒上清液与1/4体积的Lenti-X浓缩剂混合,在4℃下孵育过夜,并且在次日添加1ml处于对数期的NK-92ML细胞(2x 105个)。在3,000rpm下离心细胞-病毒混合物15分钟,混悬于1ml补充以4μg/ml重组纤维连接蛋白(retronectin)(Clontech Laboratories)的Myelocult培养基中,并且在37℃/5%CO2下孵育24小时,随后添加1ml新鲜Myelocult培养基。在再孵育24小时之后,丢弃用过的培养基,并且用8ml新鲜培养基替换,从所述培养基移除细胞部分,依序用BD V450(BD Biosciences,San Jose,CA)和WU-AF-647染色,用加有1%BSA的PBS洗涤,并且通过流式细胞术来评估活力和hRS7的表达。两个转导的结果概述于图11中。在两个实验中,用pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR转导的NK-92MI细胞的活力均是约70%,对于用pLVX-puro转导(61%,实验1)以及未转导(67,实验1;84%,实验2)的NK-92MI细胞观察到类似活力(数据未显示)。图12中呈现的直方图显示hRS7在用pLVX-puro-hRS7-CAR转导的NK-92MI细胞的活的群体中而非在用pLVX-puro转导或未转导的NK-92MI细胞的活的群体中表达(MFI>5,000)。
***
本文公开和要求保护的所有组合物和方法都可根据本公开在不进行过度实验下制备和使用。尽管组合物和方法已关于优选实施方案加以描述,但为本领域技术人员显而易知的是可在不脱离本发明的概念、精神和范围下向组合物和方法以及在本文所述的方法的步骤方面或在步骤的顺序方面施加变化。更具体来说,在化学与生理两方面均相关的某些试剂可替代本文所述的试剂,同时将获得相同或类似结果。为本领域技术人员显而易知的所有此类类似替代物和修改都被视为在如由随附权利要求限定的本发明的精神、范围和构思内。
序列表
<110> 免疫医疗公司
<120> 用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)构建体和表达CAR构建体的T细胞(CAR-T)或NK细胞(CAR-NK)进行的疾病疗法
<130> IMM361WO1
<140> PCT/US2016/036987
<141> 2016-06-10
<150> 62/193,853
<151> 2015-07-17
<150> 62/174,894
<151> 2015-06-12
<160> 29
<170> PatentIn 3.5版
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<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 6
Arg Ser Lys Arg Ser Arg Leu Leu His Ser Asp Tyr Met Asn Met Thr
1 5 10 15
Pro Arg Arg Pro Gly Pro Thr Arg Lys His Tyr Gln Pro Tyr Ala Pro
20 25 30
Pro Arg Asp Phe Ala Ala Tyr Arg Ser Ile Asp
35 40
<210> 7
<211> 42
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 7
Lys Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe Lys Gln Pro Phe Met
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Val Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Arg Phe
20 25 30
Pro Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Gly Cys Glu Leu
35 40
<210> 8
<211> 117
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 8
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser His Tyr
20 25 30
Thr Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val
35 40 45
Thr Tyr Ile Thr Asn Gly Gly Val Ser Ser Tyr His Pro Asp Thr Val
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Val Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Thr Arg His Ala Val Tyr Ala Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Ser Leu
100 105 110
Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 9
<211> 112
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 9
Asp Ile Gln Leu Val Val Thr Gln Glu Pro Ser Phe Ser Val Ser Pro
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Thr Val Thr Phe Thr Cys Arg Ser Ser Ala Gly Ala Val Thr
20 25 30
Thr Ser Asn Tyr Ala Asn Trp Val Gln Glu Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro
35 40 45
Arg Gly Leu Ile Gly Gly Thr Thr Asn Arg Ala Pro Gly Val Pro Ala
50 55 60
Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Ile Leu Gly Asn Lys Ala Ala Leu Thr Ile Thr
65 70 75 80
Gly Ala Gln Ala Asp Asp Glu Ser Ile Tyr Phe Cys Val Leu Trp Tyr
85 90 95
Ser Asp Arg Trp Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Lys Ile Lys Arg
100 105 110
<210> 10
<211> 119
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 10
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Gly Asp Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ile Tyr
20 25 30
Thr Met Ser Trp Leu Arg Gln Thr Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val
35 40 45
Ala Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Gly Asp Asp Ile Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Val Arg Leu Gly Asp Trp Asp Phe Asp Val Trp Gly Gln Gly
100 105 110
Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 11
<211> 113
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 11
Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Pro Gly
1 5 10 15
Glu Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Phe Asn Ser
20 25 30
Arg Thr Arg Lys Asn Tyr Leu Gly Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln
35 40 45
Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val
50 55 60
Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr
65 70 75 80
Ile Asn Ser Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Val Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Thr Gln
85 90 95
Val Tyr Tyr Leu Cys Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105 110
Arg
<210> 12
<211> 121
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 12
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ser Glu Leu Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala
1 5 10 15
Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr
20 25 30
Gly Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Lys Trp Met
35 40 45
Gly Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr Gly Glu Pro Thr Tyr Thr Asp Asp Phe
50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Thr Ser Val Ser Thr Ala Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Ile Ser Ser Leu Lys Ala Asp Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Ala Arg Gly Gly Phe Gly Ser Ser Tyr Trp Tyr Phe Asp Val Trp Gly
100 105 110
Gln Gly Ser Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115 120
<210> 13
<211> 104
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 13
Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Ser Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Ser Ile Ala
20 25 30
Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Tyr Ser Ala Ser Tyr Arg Tyr Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln His Tyr Ile Thr Pro Leu
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Val
100
<210> 14
<211> 121
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 14
Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln Pro Gly Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ser Ser Ser Gly Phe Ala Leu Thr Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Tyr Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Leu
35 40 45
Gly Phe Ile Ala Asn Lys Ala Asn Gly His Thr Thr Asp Tyr Ser Pro
50 55 60
Ser Val Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr
65 70 75 80
Leu Phe Leu Gln Met Asp Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Asp Thr Gly Val Tyr
85 90 95
Phe Cys Ala Arg Asp Met Gly Ile Arg Trp Asn Phe Asp Val Trp Gly
100 105 110
Gln Gly Thr Pro Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115 120
<210> 15
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 15
Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Met Thr Cys Ser Ala Ser Ser Arg Val Ser Tyr Ile
20 25 30
His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Arg Trp Ile Tyr
35 40 45
Gly Thr Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Val Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
50 55 60
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu
65 70 75 80
Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Trp Ser Tyr Asn Pro Pro Thr
85 90 95
Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg
100 105
<210> 16
<211> 119
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 16
Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln Pro Gly Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ser Ala Ser Gly Phe Asp Phe Thr Thr Tyr
20 25 30
Trp Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile
35 40 45
Gly Glu Ile His Pro Asp Ser Ser Thr Ile Asn Tyr Ala Pro Ser Leu
50 55 60
Lys Asp Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Thr Leu Phe
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Met Asp Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Asp Thr Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys
85 90 95
Ala Ser Leu Tyr Phe Gly Phe Pro Trp Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly
100 105 110
Thr Pro Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115
<210> 17
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 17
Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Gly Thr Ser
20 25 30
Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Tyr Trp Thr Ser Thr Arg His Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr Ser Leu Tyr Arg Ser
85 90 95
Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg
100 105
<210> 18
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成肽
<400> 18
Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser
1 5 10 15
<210> 19
<211> 330
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 19
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Lys Ala Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240
Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 20
<211> 330
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 20
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
1 5 10 15
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
50 55 60
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
65 70 75 80
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
85 90 95
Arg Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
115 120 125
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
130 135 140
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
145 150 155 160
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
165 170 175
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
180 185 190
His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
195 200 205
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
210 215 220
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu
225 230 235 240
Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
260 265 270
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
275 280 285
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
290 295 300
Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
305 310 315 320
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys
325 330
<210> 21
<211> 491
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 21
Met Ala Leu Pro Val Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu
1 5 10 15
His Ala Ala Arg Pro Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
20 25 30
Ala Val Ser Pro Gly Glu Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln
35 40 45
Ser Leu Phe Asn Ser Arg Thr Arg Lys Asn Tyr Leu Gly Trp Tyr Gln
50 55 60
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr
65 70 75 80
Arg Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
85 90 95
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Ser Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Val Ala Val
100 105 110
Tyr Tyr Cys Thr Gln Val Tyr Tyr Leu Cys Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr
115 120 125
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser
130 135 140
Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Gly Asp Leu
145 150 155 160
Val Lys Pro Gly Gly Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe
165 170 175
Thr Phe Ser Ile Tyr Thr Met Ser Trp Leu Arg Gln Thr Pro Gly Lys
180 185 190
Gly Leu Glu Trp Val Ala Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Gly Asp Asp Ile Tyr
195 200 205
Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala
210 215 220
Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr
225 230 235 240
Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Val Arg Leu Gly Asp Trp Asp Phe Asp
245 250 255
Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Thr Thr Thr Pro
260 265 270
Ala Pro Arg Pro Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala Ser Gln Pro Leu
275 280 285
Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Val His
290 295 300
Thr Arg Gly Leu Asp Phe Ala Cys Asp Ile Tyr Ile Trp Ala Pro Leu
305 310 315 320
Ala Gly Thr Cys Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Val Ile Thr Leu Tyr
325 330 335
Cys Lys Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe Lys Gln Pro Phe
340 345 350
Met Arg Pro Val Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Arg
355 360 365
Phe Pro Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Gly Cys Glu Leu Arg Val Lys Phe Ser
370 375 380
Arg Ser Ala Asp Ala Pro Ala Tyr Gln Gln Gly Gln Asn Gln Leu Tyr
385 390 395 400
Asn Glu Leu Asn Leu Gly Arg Arg Glu Glu Tyr Asp Val Leu Asp Lys
405 410 415
Arg Arg Gly Arg Asp Pro Glu Met Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Arg Lys Asn
420 425 430
Pro Gln Glu Gly Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Gln Lys Asp Lys Met Ala Glu
435 440 445
Ala Tyr Ser Glu Ile Gly Met Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Arg Gly Lys Gly
450 455 460
His Asp Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Thr Lys Asp Thr Tyr
465 470 475 480
Asp Ala Leu His Met Gln Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg
485 490
<210> 22
<211> 537
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 22
Met Ala Leu Pro Val Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu
1 5 10 15
His Ala Ala Arg Pro Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
20 25 30
Ala Val Ser Pro Gly Glu Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln
35 40 45
Ser Leu Phe Asn Ser Arg Thr Arg Lys Asn Tyr Leu Gly Trp Tyr Gln
50 55 60
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr
65 70 75 80
Arg Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
85 90 95
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Ser Leu Gln Ala Glu Asp Val Ala Val
100 105 110
Tyr Tyr Cys Thr Gln Val Tyr Tyr Leu Cys Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr
115 120 125
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser
130 135 140
Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Gly Asp Leu
145 150 155 160
Val Lys Pro Gly Gly Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe
165 170 175
Thr Phe Ser Ile Tyr Thr Met Ser Trp Leu Arg Gln Thr Pro Gly Lys
180 185 190
Gly Leu Glu Trp Val Ala Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Gly Asp Asp Ile Tyr
195 200 205
Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala
210 215 220
Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr
225 230 235 240
Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Val Arg Leu Gly Asp Trp Asp Phe Asp
245 250 255
Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Thr Thr Thr Pro
260 265 270
Ala Pro Arg Pro Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala Ser Gln Pro Leu
275 280 285
Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Val His
290 295 300
Thr Arg Gly Leu Asp Phe Ala Cys Asp Phe Trp Val Leu Val Val Val
305 310 315 320
Gly Gly Val Leu Ala Cys Tyr Ser Leu Leu Val Thr Val Ala Phe Ile
325 330 335
Ile Phe Trp Val Arg Ser Lys Arg Ser Arg Leu Leu His Ser Asp Tyr
340 345 350
Met Asn Met Thr Pro Arg Arg Pro Gly Pro Thr Arg Lys His Tyr Gln
355 360 365
Pro Tyr Ala Pro Pro Arg Asp Phe Ala Ala Tyr Arg Ser Ile Asp Lys
370 375 380
Arg Gly Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe Lys Gln Pro Phe Met Arg
385 390 395 400
Pro Val Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Arg Phe Pro
405 410 415
Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Gly Cys Glu Leu Arg Val Lys Phe Ser Arg Ser
420 425 430
Ala Asp Ala Pro Ala Tyr Gln Gln Gly Gln Asn Gln Leu Tyr Asn Glu
435 440 445
Leu Asn Leu Gly Arg Arg Glu Glu Tyr Asp Val Leu Asp Lys Arg Arg
450 455 460
Gly Arg Asp Pro Glu Met Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Arg Lys Asn Pro Gln
465 470 475 480
Glu Gly Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Gln Lys Asp Lys Met Ala Glu Ala Tyr
485 490 495
Ser Glu Ile Gly Met Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Arg Gly Lys Gly His Asp
500 505 510
Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Thr Lys Asp Thr Tyr Asp Ala
515 520 525
Leu His Met Gln Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg
530 535
<210> 23
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成肽
<220>
<223> N末端顺丁烯二酰亚胺-PEG4
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (1)..(4)
<223> D型或L型氨基酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> Lys(HSG)
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> Lys(HSG)
<220>
<223> C末端NH2
<400> 23
Ala Lys Tyr Lys
1
<210> 24
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成引物
<400> 24
tcaactcgag cgccgccacc atggcc 26
<210> 25
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成引物
<400> 25
ctggtctaga ggtaacccta ccgtggtgg 29
<210> 26
<211> 487
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 26
Met Ala Leu Pro Val Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu
1 5 10 15
His Ala Ala Arg Pro Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
20 25 30
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly Asp Arg Val Ser Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln
35 40 45
Asp Val Ser Ile Ala Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala
50 55 60
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ala Ser Tyr Arg Tyr Thr Gly Val Pro
65 70 75 80
Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile
85 90 95
Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln His
100 105 110
Tyr Ile Thr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys
115 120 125
Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gln
130 135 140
Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ser Glu Leu Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser
145 150 155 160
Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asn Tyr Gly
165 170 175
Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Lys Trp Met Gly
180 185 190
Trp Ile Asn Thr Tyr Thr Gly Glu Pro Thr Tyr Thr Asp Asp Phe Lys
195 200 205
Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Thr Ser Val Ser Thr Ala Tyr Leu
210 215 220
Gln Ile Ser Ser Leu Lys Ala Asp Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys Ala
225 230 235 240
Arg Gly Gly Phe Gly Ser Ser Tyr Trp Tyr Phe Asp Val Trp Gly Gln
245 250 255
Gly Ser Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Thr Thr Thr Pro Ala Pro Arg Pro
260 265 270
Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala Ser Gln Pro Leu Ser Leu Arg Pro
275 280 285
Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Val His Thr Arg Gly Leu
290 295 300
Asp Phe Ala Cys Asp Ile Tyr Ile Trp Ala Pro Leu Ala Gly Thr Cys
305 310 315 320
Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Val Ile Thr Leu Tyr Cys Lys Arg Gly
325 330 335
Arg Lys Lys Leu Leu Tyr Ile Phe Lys Gln Pro Phe Met Arg Pro Val
340 345 350
Gln Thr Thr Gln Glu Glu Asp Gly Cys Ser Cys Arg Phe Pro Glu Glu
355 360 365
Glu Glu Gly Gly Cys Glu Leu Arg Val Lys Phe Ser Arg Ser Ala Asp
370 375 380
Ala Pro Ala Tyr Gln Gln Gly Gln Asn Gln Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Asn
385 390 395 400
Leu Gly Arg Arg Glu Glu Tyr Asp Val Leu Asp Lys Arg Arg Gly Arg
405 410 415
Asp Pro Glu Met Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Arg Lys Asn Pro Gln Glu Gly
420 425 430
Leu Tyr Asn Glu Leu Gln Lys Asp Lys Met Ala Glu Ala Tyr Ser Glu
435 440 445
Ile Gly Met Lys Gly Glu Arg Arg Arg Gly Lys Gly His Asp Gly Leu
450 455 460
Tyr Gln Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala Thr Lys Asp Thr Tyr Asp Ala Leu His
465 470 475 480
Met Gln Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg
485
<210> 27
<211> 1695
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多核苷酸
<400> 27
tctagataat acgactcact atagggagag cttgttcttt ttgcagaagc tcagaataaa 60
cgctcaactt tggcgccgcc accatggccc tgcccgtgac cgccctgctg ctgcccctgg 120
ccctgctgct gcacgccgca agacccgaca ttcagctgac ccagtctcca tcctccctgt 180
ctgcatctgt aggagacaga gtcagcatca cctgcaaggc cagtcaggat gtgagtattg 240
ctgtagcctg gtatcagcag aaaccaggga aagcccctaa gctcctgatc tactcggcat 300
cctaccggta cactggagtc cctgataggt tcagtggcag tggatctggg acagatttca 360
ctctcaccat cagcagtctg caacctgaag attttgcagt ttattactgt cagcaacatt 420
atattactcc gctcacgttc ggtgctggga ccaaggtgga gatcaaaggt ggaggagggt 480
ccggtggagg agggtctggt ggaggaggga gccaggtcca gctgcagcaa tctgggtctg 540
agttgaagaa gcctggggcc tcagtgaagg tttcctgcaa ggcttctgga tacaccttca 600
caaactatgg aatgaactgg gtgaagcagg cccctggaca agggcttaaa tggatgggct 660
ggataaacac ctacactgga gagccaacat atactgatga cttcaaggga cggtttgcct 720
tctccttgga cacctctgtc agcacggcat atctccagat cagcagccta aaggctgacg 780
acactgccgt gtatttctgt gcaagagggg ggttcggtag tagctactgg tacttcgatg 840
tctggggcca agggtccctg gtcaccgtct cctcaaccac aaccccagca ccaagaccac 900
ctacacctgc accaaccatc gccagccagc ctctgtccct gagaccagag gcatgtaggc 960
cagcagcagg aggagcagtg cacaccaggg gcctggattt cgcctgcgac atctacatct 1020
gggcaccact ggcaggaaca tgtggcgtgc tgctgctgtc tctggtcatc accctgtact 1080
gcaagagagg caggaagaag ctgctgtata tcttcaagca gcccttcatg cgccccgtgc 1140
agacaaccca ggaggaggat ggctgctcct gtcggttccc agaagaagag gagggaggat 1200
gtgagctgag ggtgaagttt agccggtccg ccgacgcacc agcataccag cagggccaga 1260
accagctgta taacgagctg aatctgggcc ggagagagga gtacgatgtg ctggacaaga 1320
ggcgcggcag agatcctgag atgggcggca agcctcggag aaagaaccca caggagggcc 1380
tgtacaatga gctgcagaag gataagatgg ccgaggccta tagcgagatc ggcatgaagg 1440
gagagaggcg ccggggcaag ggacacgacg gcctgtatca gggcctgtcc accgcaacca 1500
aggataccta tgacgcactg cacatgcagg ctctgccacc acggtagggt taccactaaa 1560
ccagcctcaa gaacacccga atggagtctc taagctacat aataccaact tacactttac 1620
aaaatgttgt cccccaaaat gtagccattc gtatctgctc ctaataaaaa gaaagtttct 1680
tcacattcta agctt 1695
<210> 28
<211> 107
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 28
Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Ser Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Ser Ile Ala
20 25 30
Val Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Tyr Ser Ala Ser Tyr Arg Tyr Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln His Tyr Ile Thr Pro Leu
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys
100 105
<210> 29
<211> 41
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列的描述:合成多肽
<400> 29
Thr Thr Thr Pro Ala Pro Arg Pro Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Ile Ala
1 5 10 15
Ser Gln Pro Leu Ser Leu Arg Pro Glu Ala Cys Arg Pro Ala Ala Gly
20 25 30
Gly Ala Val His Thr Arg Gly Leu Asp
35 40
Claims (79)
1.一种诱导对疾病的免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括:
a)用针对疾病相关抗原的未缀合抗体对受试者预给药;以及
b)向所述受试者施用嵌合抗原受体转染的T细胞(CAR-T)或嵌合抗原受体转染的NK细胞(CAR-NK),其中所述嵌合抗原受体(CAR)包含针对相同抗原的靶向抗体片段。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体和所述靶向抗体片段结合所述抗原的相同表位。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中相同抗体用于所述靶向抗体片段和所述未缀合抗体。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗原是B细胞抗原,并且所述疾病选自由造血性癌症、自体免疫疾病和免疫系统功能异常组成的组。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述B细胞抗原选自由以下组成的组:CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD44、CD62L、CD74、CD79b、HLA-DR、β7整联蛋白和BCR。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗原是肿瘤相关抗原(TAA),并且所述疾病是癌症。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述TAA选自由以下组成的组:α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、α-辅肌动蛋白-4、A3、对A33抗体具有特异性的抗原、ART-4、B7、Ba 733、BAGE、BrE3抗原、CA125、CAMEL、CAP-1、碳酸酐酶IX、CASP-8/m、CCL19、CCL21、CD1、CD1a、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11A、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD29、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD59、CD64、CD66a-e、CD67、CD70、CD70L、CD74、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD83、CD95、CD126、CD132、CD133、CD138、CD147、CD154、CDC27、CDK-4/m、CDKN2A、CTLA4、CXCR4、CXCR7、CXCL12、HIF-1α、结肠特异性抗原p(CSAp)、CEA(CEACAM-5)、CEACAM-6、c-Met、DAM、EGFR、EGFRvIII、EGP-1(TROP-2)、EGP-2、ELF2-M、Ep-CAM、纤维母细胞生长因子(FGF)、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、GAGE、gp100、GRO-β、HLA-DR、HM1.24、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和它的亚单位、HER2/neu、HMGB-1、缺氧诱导性因子(HIF-1)、HSP70-2M、HST-2、Ia、IGF-1R、IFN-γ、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-λ、IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-13R、IL-15R、IL-17R、IL-18R、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、IL-23、IL-25、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、KC4抗原、KS-1抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、LDR/FUT、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MAGE-3、MART1、MART-2、NY-ESO-1、TRAG-3、mCRP、MCP-1、MIP-1A、MIP-1B、MIF、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5ac、MUC13、MUC16、MUM-1/2、MUM-3、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、胰腺癌粘蛋白、PD1受体、胎盘生长因子、p53、PLAGL2、前列腺酸性磷酸酶、PSA、PRAME、PSMA、PlGF、ILGF、ILGF-1R、IL-6、IL-25、RS5、RANTES、T101、SAGE、S100、存活素、存活素-2B、TAC、TAG-72、腱生蛋白、TRAIL受体、TNF-α、Tn抗原、汤姆逊-弗雷登里希抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGFR、ED-B纤连蛋白、WT-1、17-1A抗原、补体因子C3、C3a、C3b、C5a、C5、血管生成标志物、bc1-2、bc1-6、Kras、致癌基因标志物和致癌基因产物。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述抗体选自由以下组成的组:hR1(抗IGF-1R)、hPAM4(抗粘蛋白)、KC4(抗粘蛋白)、hA20(抗CD20)、hA19(抗CD19)、hIMMU31(抗AFP)、hLL1(抗CD74)、hLL2(抗CD22)、RFB4(抗CD22)、hMu-9(抗CSAp)、hL243(抗HLA-DR)、hMN-14(抗CEACAM-5)、hMN-15(抗CEACAM-6)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)、hMN-3(抗CEACAM-6)、CC49(抗TAG-72)、J591(抗PSMA)、D2/B(抗PSMA)、G250(抗碳酸酐酶IX)、英夫利昔单抗(抗TNF-α)、聚乙二醇赛妥珠单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿达木单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿仑单抗(抗CD52)、贝伐单抗(抗VEGF)、西妥昔单抗(抗EGFR)、吉妥单抗(抗CD33)、替伊莫单抗替坦(抗CD20)、帕尼单抗(抗EGFR)、利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)、托西莫单抗(抗CD20)、GA101(抗CD20)、曲妥珠单抗(抗HER2/neu)、托珠单抗(抗IL-6受体)、巴利昔单抗(抗CD25)、达利珠单抗(抗CD25)、依法珠单抗(抗CD11a)、莫罗单抗-CD3(抗CD3受体)、那他珠单抗(抗α4整联蛋白)、BWA-3(抗组蛋白H2A/H4)、LG2-1(抗组蛋白H3)、MRA12(抗组蛋白H1)、PR1-1(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG11-2(抗组蛋白H2B)和LG2-2(抗组蛋白H2B)。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CAR还包含一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的元件:前导肽、接头序列、跨膜结构域、内部结构域和共刺激结构域。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述前导肽是CD8α前导肽。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述前导肽具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:18。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述接头序列包括CD8α铰链。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述内部结构域选自由CD28内部结构域和CD3ζ内部结构域组成的组。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述共刺激结构域选自由4-1BB、OX40、Lck、DAP10和ICOS组成的组。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用至少一种选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:(i)干扰素;(ii)检查点抑制剂抗体;(iii)抗体-药物缀合物(ADC);(iv)抗HLA-DR抗体;和(v)抗CD74抗体。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述干扰素是干扰素-α。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述检查点抑制剂抗体选自由以下组成的组:兰罗利珠单抗(MK-3475)、纳武单抗(BMS-936558)、匹迪珠单抗(CT-011)、AMP-224、MDX-1105、MEDI4736、MPDL3280A、BMS-936559、伊匹单抗、利丽单抗、IPH2101和曲美木单抗。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述抗体-药物缀合物选自由以下组成的组:hLL1-多柔比星、hRS7-SN-38、hMN-14-SN-38、hLL2-SN-38、hA20-SN-38、hPAM4-SN-38、hLL1-SN-38、hRS7-Pro-2-P-Dox、hMN-14-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL2-Pro-2-P-Dox、hA20-Pro-2-P-Dox、hPAM4-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL1-Pro-2-P-Dox、P4/D10-多柔比星、吉妥单抗奥佐米星、本妥昔单抗维多汀、曲妥珠单抗埃姆坦辛、奥英妥珠单抗奥佐米星、格巴妥莫单抗维多汀、SAR3419、SAR566658、BILB015、BT062、SGN-75、SGN-CD19A、AMG-172、AMG-595、BAY-94-9343、ASG-5ME、ASG-22ME、ASG-16M8F、MDX-1203、MLN-0264、抗PSMAADC、RG-7450、RG-7458、RG-7593、RG-7596、RG-7598、RG-7599、RG-7600、RG-7636、ABT-414、IMGN-853、IMGN-529、沃瑟珠单抗玛伏多汀和洛妥珠单抗莫坦辛。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述抗CD74抗体是hLL1(米拉珠单抗)或所述抗HLA-DR抗体是hL243。
20.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述造血性癌症选自由以下组成的组:B细胞白血病、B细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤、套细胞淋巴瘤、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、毛细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和瓦尔登斯特伦氏巨球蛋白血症。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述造血性癌症是非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤或慢性淋巴细胞性白血病。
22.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述自体免疫疾病选自由以下组成的组:急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜、慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜、皮肌炎、西登哈姆氏舞蹈病、重症肌无力、系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮肾炎、风湿热、多腺性综合征、大疱性类天疱疮、糖尿病、亨诺克-舍恩来因紫癜、链球菌感染后肾炎、结节性红斑、高安氏动脉炎、ANCA相关的血管炎、阿狄森氏病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、类肉瘤病、溃疡性结肠炎、多形性红斑、IgA肾病变、结节性多动脉炎、强直性脊椎炎、古德帕斯彻氏综合征、血栓闭塞性脉管炎、休格连氏综合征、原发性胆汁性硬化、桥本氏甲状腺炎、甲状腺毒症、硬皮病、慢性活动性肝炎、多肌炎/皮肌炎、多软骨炎、大疱性类天疱疮、寻常天疱疮、韦格纳氏肉芽肿病、膜性肾病变、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、脊髓痨、巨细胞动脉炎/多肌痛、恶性贫血、快速进行性肾小球性肾炎、牛皮癣和纤维性肺泡炎。
23.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述自体免疫疾病是SLE(系统性红斑狼疮)。
24.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述免疫功能异常疾病选自由以下组成的组:移植物抗宿主疾病、器官移植排斥、败血病、脓毒和炎症。
25.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述癌症选自由以下组成的组:B细胞淋巴瘤、B细胞白血病、结肠癌、胃癌、食道癌、甲状腺髓样癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、尿路膀胱癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌、子宫颈癌、睾丸癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、骨癌、脑癌、直肠癌和黑素瘤。
26.如权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:第二抗体或其抗原结合片段、药物、毒素、酶、细胞毒性剂、抗血管生成剂、促凋亡剂、抗生素、激素、免疫调节剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、硼化合物和放射性同位素。
27.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中用未缀合抗体预给药使对正常细胞的细胞毒性降低,而不阻止针对疾病相关细胞的免疫应答。
28.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前1天与10天之间施用所述预给药。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前3至7天之间施用所述预给药。
30.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前4至6天之间施用所述预给药。
31.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中在延迟多达7天之后重复预给药的施用。
32.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体是嵌合、人源化或人抗体。
33.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体具有IgG1、IgG2或IgG4恒定区序列。
34.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体具有IgG4恒定区和Ser241Pro铰链突变。
35.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗体片段是scFv或Fab抗体片段。
36.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CAR-T包括转染的CD8+T细胞和/或CD8+记忆T细胞。
37.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CAR-NK包括选自由以下组成的组的NK细胞:原代NK细胞、NK-92、NK-92.26.5、NK 92.MI、NK-92Ci、NK-92Fc、NK3.3、NKL、NKG、NK-YT、NK-YTS、KHYG-1和HATAK细胞。
38.一种诱导对疾病的免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括:
a)用针对疾病相关抗原的未缀合抗体对受试者预给药;
b)向所述受试者施用针对相同抗原的半抗原缀合的抗体;以及
c)向所述受试者施用CAR-T或CAR-NK,其中所述嵌合抗原受体(CAR)包含抗半抗原抗体片段。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述半抗原是HSG或In-DTPA。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述抗半抗原抗体是h679或h734。
41.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体和所述半抗原缀合的抗体片段结合所述疾病相关抗原的相同表位。
42.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中相同抗体用于所述半抗原缀合的抗体片段和所述未缀合抗体。
43.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述抗原是B细胞抗原,并且所述疾病选自由造血性癌症、自体免疫疾病和免疫系统功能异常组成的组。
44.如权利要求43所述的方法,其中所述B细胞抗原选自由CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD44、CD62L、CD74、CD79b、HLA-DR、β7整联蛋白和BCR组成的组。
45.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述抗原是肿瘤相关抗原(TAA),并且所述疾病是癌症。
46.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述TAA选自由以下组成的组:α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)、α-辅肌动蛋白-4、A3、对A33抗体具有特异性的抗原、ART-4、B7、Ba 733、BAGE、BrE3抗原、CA125、CAMEL、CAP-1、碳酸酐酶IX、CASP-8/m、CCL19、CCL21、CD1、CD1a、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11A、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD29、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD59、CD64、CD66a-e、CD67、CD70、CD70L、CD74、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD83、CD95、CD126、CD132、CD133、CD138、CD147、CD154、CDC27、CDK-4/m、CDKN2A、CTLA4、CXCR4、CXCR7、CXCL12、HIF-1α、结肠特异性抗原p(CSAp)、CEA(CEACAM-5)、CEACAM-6、c-Met、DAM、EGFR、EGFRvIII、EGP-1(TROP-2)、EGP-2、ELF2-M、Ep-CAM、纤维母细胞生长因子(FGF)、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、GAGE、gp100、GRO-β、HLA-DR、HM1.24、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和它的亚单位、HER2/neu、HMGB-1、缺氧诱导性因子(HIF-1)、HSP70-2M、HST-2、Ia、IGF-1R、IFN-γ、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-λ、IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-13R、IL-15R、IL-17R、IL-18R、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、IL-23、IL-25、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、KC4抗原、KS-1抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、LDR/FUT、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MAGE-3、MART-1、MART-2、NY-ESO-1、TRAG-3、mCRP、MCP-1、MIP-1A、MIP-1B、MIF、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5ac、MUC13、MUC16、MUM-1/2、MUM-3、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、胰腺癌粘蛋白、PD1受体、胎盘生长因子、p53、PLAGL2、前列腺酸性磷酸酶、PSA、PRAME、PSMA、PlGF、ILGF、ILGF-1R、IL-6、IL-25、RS5、RANTES、T101、SAGE、S100、存活素、存活素-2B、TAC、TAG-72、腱生蛋白、TRAIL受体、TNF-α、Tn抗原、汤姆逊-弗雷登里希抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGFR、ED-B纤连蛋白、WT-1、17-1A抗原、补体因子C3、C3a、C3b、C5a、C5、血管生成标志物、bc1-2、bc1-6、Kras、致癌基因标志物和致癌基因产物。
47.如权利要求42所述的方法,其中所述抗体选自由以下组成的组:hR1(抗IGF-1R)、hPAM4(抗粘蛋白)、KC4(抗粘蛋白)、hA20(抗CD20)、hA19(抗CD19)、hIMMU31(抗AFP)、hLL1(抗CD74)、hLL2(抗CD22)、RFB4(抗CD22)、hMu-9(抗CSAp)、hL243(抗HLA-DR)、hMN-14(抗CEACAM-5)、hMN-15(抗CEACAM-6)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)、hMN-3(抗CEACAM-6)、CC49(抗TAG-72)、J591(抗PSMA)、D2/B(抗PSMA)、G250(抗碳酸酐酶IX)、英夫利昔单抗(抗TNF-α)、聚乙二醇赛妥珠单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿达木单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿仑单抗(抗CD52)、贝伐单抗(抗VEGF)、西妥昔单抗(抗EGFR)、吉妥单抗(抗CD33)、替伊莫单抗替坦(抗CD20)、帕尼单抗(抗EGFR)、利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)、托西莫单抗(抗CD20)、GA101(抗CD20)、曲妥珠单抗(抗HER2/neu)、托珠单抗(抗IL-6受体)、巴利昔单抗(抗CD25)、达利珠单抗(抗CD25)、依法珠单抗(抗CD11a)、莫罗单抗-CD3(抗CD3受体)、那他珠单抗(抗α4整联蛋白)、BWA-3(抗组蛋白H2A/H4)、LG2-1(抗组蛋白H3)、MRA12(抗组蛋白H1)、PR1-1(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG11-2(抗组蛋白H2B)和LG2-2(抗组蛋白H2B)。
48.如权利要求38所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用至少一种选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:(i)干扰素;(ii)检查点抑制剂抗体;和(iii)抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)。
49.如权利要求38所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:药物、毒素、酶、细胞毒性剂、抗血管生成剂、促凋亡剂、抗生素、激素、免疫调节剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、硼化合物和放射性同位素。
50.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中用未缀合抗体预给药使对正常细胞的细胞毒性降低,而不阻止针对疾病相关细胞的免疫应答。
51.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前1天与10天之间施用所述预给药。
52.如权利要求51所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前3至7天之间施用所述预给药。
53.如权利要求51所述的方法,其中在施用CAR-T或CAR-NK之前4至6天之间施用所述预给药。
54.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中在延迟多达7天之后重复所述预给药的施用。
55.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体是嵌合、人源化或人抗体。
56.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体具有IgG1、IgG2或IgG4恒定区序列。
57.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述未缀合抗体具有IgG4恒定区和Ser241Pro铰链突变。
58.一种CAR构建体,其包含抗半抗原抗体片段。
59.一种T细胞(CAR-T)或NK细胞(CAR-NK),其用根据权利要求58所述的CAR构建体转导。
60.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求56所述的CAR-T或CAR-NK。
61.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述CAR还包含一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的元件:前导肽、接头序列、跨膜结构域、内部结构域和共刺激结构域。
62.如权利要求61所述的方法,其中所述前导肽是CD8α前导肽,所述接头序列包括CD8α铰链,所述内部结构域选自由CD28内部结构域和CD3ζ内部结构域组成的组,和/或所述共刺激结构域选自由4-1BB、OX40、Lck、DAP10和ICOS组成的组。
63.一种诱导对表达Trop-2的癌症的免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括向患有表达Trop-2的癌症的受试者施用CAR-T或CAR-NK,其中所述嵌合抗原受体(CAR)包含抗Trop-2抗体片段。
64.如权利要求63所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用至少一种选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:(i)干扰素;(ii)检查点抑制剂抗体;(iii)抗体-药物缀合物(ADC);(iv)抗HLA-DR抗体;和(v)抗CD74抗体。
65.如权利要求64所述的方法,其中所述干扰素是干扰素-α,所述检查点抑制剂抗体选自由以下组成的组:兰罗利珠单抗(MK-3475)、纳武单抗(BMS-936558)、匹迪珠单抗(CT-011)、AMP-224、MDX-1105、MEDI4736、MPDL3280A、BMS-936559、伊匹单抗、利丽单抗、IPH2101和曲美木单抗组成的组,和/或所述抗体-药物缀合物选自由以下组成的组:hLL1-多柔比星、hRS7-SN-38、hMN-14-SN-38、hLL2-SN-38、hA20-SN-38、hPAM4-SN-38、hLL1-SN-38、hRS7-Pro-2-P-Dox、hMN-14-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL2-Pro-2-P-Dox、hA20-Pro-2-P-Dox、hPAM4-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL1-Pro-2-P-Dox、P4/D10-多柔比星、吉妥单抗奥佐米星、本妥昔单抗维多汀、曲妥珠单抗埃姆坦辛、奥英妥珠单抗奥佐米星、格巴妥莫单抗维多汀、SAR3419、SAR566658、BILB015、BT062、SGN-75、SGN-CD19A、AMG-172、AMG-595、BAY-94-9343、ASG-5ME、ASG-22ME、ASG-16M8F、MDX-1203、MLN-0264、抗PSMA ADC、RG-7450、RG-7458、RG-7593、RG-7596、RG-7598、RG-7599、RG-7600、RG-7636、ABT-414、IMGN-853、IMGN-529、沃瑟珠单抗玛伏多汀和洛妥珠单抗莫坦辛。
66.如权利要求64所述的方法,其中所述抗CD74抗体是hLL1(米拉珠单抗)或所述抗HLA-DR抗体是hL243。
67.如权利要求63所述的方法,其中所述表达Trop-2的癌症是食道癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、尿路膀胱癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌、肾癌或前列腺癌。
68.如权利要求63所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:第二抗体或其抗原结合片段、药物、毒素、酶、细胞毒性剂、抗血管生成剂、促凋亡剂、抗生素、激素、免疫调节剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、硼化合物和放射性同位素。
69.一种CAR构建体,其包含抗Trop-2抗体片段。
70.如权利要求69所述的CAR构建体,其中所述CAR还包含一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的元件:前导肽、接头序列、跨膜结构域、内部结构域和共刺激结构域。
71.一种T细胞(CAR-T)或NK细胞(CAR-NK),其用根据权利要求70所述的CAR构建体转导。
72.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求70所述的CAR-T或CAR-NK。
73.一种诱导对表达肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)的癌症的免疫应答的方法,所述方法包括
a)向患有癌症的受试者施用半抗原缀合的抗TAA抗体;以及
b)向所述受试者施用CAR-T或CAR-NK,其中所述嵌合抗原受体(CAR)包含抗半抗原抗体片段。
74.如权利要求73所述的方法,其中所述半抗原是HSG或In-DTPA。
75.如权利要求74所述的方法,其中所述抗半抗原抗体是h679或h734。
76.如权利要求73所述的方法,其中所述TAA选自由以下组成的组:碳酸酐酶IX、α-甲胎蛋白、α-辅肌动蛋白-4、A3、对A33抗体具有特异性的抗原、ART-4、B7、Ba 733、BAGE、BrE3抗原、CA125、CAMEL、CAP-1、CASP-8/m、CCCL19、CCCL21、CD1、CD1a、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11A、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD29、CD30、CD32b、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD45、CD46、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD59、CD64、CD66a-e、CD67、CD70、CD70L、CD74、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD83、CD95、CD126、CD132、CD133、CD138、CD147、CD154、CDC27、CDK-4/m、CDKN2A、CXCR4、CXCR7、CXCL12、HIF-1α、结肠特异性抗原p(CSAp)、CEA(CEACAM-5)、CEACAM-6、c-met、DAM、EGFR、EGFRvIII、EGP-1、EGP-2、ELF2-M、Ep-CAM、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、GAGE、gp100、GROB、HLA-DR、HM1.24、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和它的亚单位、HER2/neu、HMGB-1、缺氧诱导性因子(HIF-1)、HSP70-2M、HST-2、Ia、IGF-1R、IFN-γ、IFN-α、IFN-β、IL-2、IL-4R、IL-6R、IL-13R、IL-15R、IL-17R、IL-18R、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、IL-23、IL-25、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、KC4抗原、KS-1抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、LDR/FUT、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MAGE-3、MART-1、MART-2、NY-ESO-1、TRAG-3、mCRP、MCP-1、MIP-1A、MIP-1B、MIF、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、MUC5ac、MUC13、MUC16、MUM-1/2、MUM-3、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、胰腺癌粘蛋白、胎盘生长因子、p53、PLAGL2、前列腺酸性磷酸酶、PSA、PRAME、PSMA、PlGF、ILGF、ILGF-1R、IL-6、IL-25、RS5、RANTES、T101、SAGE、S100、存活素、存活素-2B、TAC、TAG-72、腱生蛋白、TRAIL受体、TNF-α、Tn抗原、汤姆逊-弗雷登里希抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、TROP-2、VEGFR、ED-B纤连蛋白、WT-1、17-1A抗原、补体因子C3、C3a、C3b、C5a、C5、血管生成标志物、bc1-2、bc1-6、Kras、cMET和致癌基因产物。
77.如权利要求76所述的方法,其中所述抗TAA抗体选自由以下组成的组:hR1(抗IGF-1R)、hPAM4(抗粘蛋白)、KC4(抗粘蛋白)、hA20(抗CD20)、hA19(抗CD19)、hIMMU31(抗AFP)、hLL1(抗CD74)、hLL2(抗CD22)、RFB4(抗CD22)、hMu-9(抗CSAp)、hL243(抗HLA-DR)、hMN-14(抗CEACAM-5)、hMN-15(抗CEACAM-6)、hRS7(抗TROP-2)、hMN-3(抗CEACAM-6)、CC49(抗TAG-72)、J591(抗PSMA)、D2/B(抗PSMA)、G250(抗碳酸酐酶IX)、英夫利昔单抗(抗TNF-α)、聚乙二醇赛妥珠单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿达木单抗(抗TNF-α)、阿仑单抗(抗CD52)、贝伐单抗(抗VEGF)、西妥昔单抗(抗EGFR)、吉妥单抗(抗CD33)、替伊莫单抗替坦(抗CD20)、帕尼单抗(抗EGFR)、利妥昔单抗(抗CD20)、托西莫单抗(抗CD20)、GA101(抗CD20)、曲妥珠单抗(抗HER2/neu)、托珠单抗(抗IL-6受体)、巴利昔单抗(抗CD25)、达利珠单抗(抗CD25)、依法珠单抗(抗CD11a)、莫罗单抗-CD3(抗CD3受体)、那他珠单抗(抗α4整联蛋白)、BWA-3(抗组蛋白H2A/H4)、LG2-1(抗组蛋白H3)、MRA12(抗组蛋白H1)、PR1-1(抗组蛋白H2B)、LG11-2(抗组蛋白H2B)和LG2-2(抗组蛋白H2B)。
78.如权利要求73所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用至少一种选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:(i)干扰素;(ii)检查点抑制剂抗体;(iii)抗体-药物缀合物(ADC);(iv)抗HLA-DR抗体;和(v)抗CD74抗体。
79.如权利要求73所述的方法,其还包括向所述受试者施用选自由以下组成的组的治疗剂:药物、毒素、酶、细胞毒性剂、抗血管生成剂、促凋亡剂、抗生素、激素、免疫调节剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、硼化合物和放射性同位素。
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US20160361360A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
CA2983456A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
AU2016274989A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
JP2018522833A (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
EP3307282A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
WO2016201300A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
EP3307282A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
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