CN107639127B - A kind of mold for extruding and forming of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of mold for extruding and forming of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component, it includes support component inside and outside upper mold component, lower die assembly, liftout attachment, filling device and split-type；Upper mold component is located at the top of lower die assembly；Support component inside and outside split-type is equipped between upper mold component, lower die assembly；Liftout attachment is located at the lower section of lower die assembly, and is cooperatively connected with lower mold pack clearance；Support component is engaged connection inside and outside the top of liftout attachment and split-type；Filling device is fixed on the top of lower die assembly, and is located at the outside of support component inside and outside upper mold component and split-type；It realizes the precision plastic forming of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula complexity branch class component using hot extrusion necking forming method, effectively overcome the problems, such as brought by existing traditional processing manufacturing method, improve the formability of light-alloy, improve the comprehensive mechanical property of formed parts, stock utilization is greatly improved, it is energy-saving.

Description

A kind of mold for extruding and forming of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component

Technical field

The present invention relates to metal material plastic processing and forming technique fields, and in particular to a kind of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch The mold for extruding and forming of class light-alloy component.

Background technique

With China's aeronautical and space technology, new- and high-tech weaponry and equipment and the fast development of ocean development, complicated branch Class component (branch class component refers to the part for having similar branch outstanding on material radial direction) is in the application of every field It is more and more extensive；Such as guided missile and satellite wing tank section, the deep water equipment shell (deep-sea greater than 1000 meters with reinforcing rib or boss Detection or Working cabin, deep-sea torpedo shell), guided missile fin, cannon bracket, armored vehicle vehicle body for weaponry etc. are more Complex-shaped forging etc. with hole and flange etc. on a direction.Be no lack of in branch class component again there are many " the big mouth of tripe is small " The presence of formula (i.e. mid diameter is greater than mouth diameters) part, these part shapes are complicated, and quality requirement is high, geometrical stress The place of concentration is also stress position the most severe.Traditional manufacturing process: as sectional forming welds again, casts also or machine The product that produces of mode of tool processing it is different degrees of there are weld crack, casting bubble, shrinkage cavity, processing cost be high, waste money The defects of source and deficiency not only degraded performance but also are not able to satisfy the service demand of product.

Summary of the invention

In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class is light The mold for extruding and forming of alloy components realizes " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula complexity branch class component using hot extrusion necking forming method Precision plastic forming, can effectively overcome the problems, such as to improve the formability of light-alloy brought by existing traditional processing manufacturing method, The comprehensive mechanical property for improving formed parts, greatly improves stock utilization, energy-saving.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: it includes to connect with the superstructure of press machine The inside and outside branch of upper mold component, lower die assembly, liftout attachment, filling device and the split-type being connect with press machine substructure Support component；The upper mold component is located at the top of lower die assembly；It is equipped between upper mold component, lower die assembly and divides valve Support component inside and outside formula；Liftout attachment is located at the lower section of lower die assembly, and is cooperatively connected with lower mold pack clearance；Ejection dress Support component is engaged connection inside and outside the top set and split-type, and end is connect with liftout tank；Filling device is fixed on lower die Have the top of component, and is located at the outside of support component inside and outside upper mold component and split-type.

The upper mold component includes cope plate, upper die plate, punch-pin, punch-pin mandrel；Cope plate and press machine it is upper Workbench is fixedly connected；Cope plate, upper die plate, punch-pin by straight pin it is circumferentially positioned after be fixed to each other company by fastener again It connects；Punch-pin is equipped with shape angles；Shape angles are ascending, then descending transition；It is additionally provided on punch-pin and punch-pin mandrel Corresponding punch-pin mandrel groove；Punch-pin mandrel is positioned by punch-pin mandrel groove and punch-pin, and is threadedly coupled with punch-pin.

The lower die assembly includes lower template, dovetail key, circle stress, fixed guide rail；Under lower template and press machine Workbench is fixedly connected；The lower part of lower template is equipped with type chamber of the cross type together with cylindrical composite；The intracavitary portion of type and top Device clearance fit out；Circle stress is fixed on the upper surface of lower template；It is recessed that the upper surface middle part of lower template is equipped with fixed guide rail Slot；Fixed guide rail is fixed on the fixation guide rail groove of lower template；Fixed guide rail is the fixed guide rail of taper, the fixed guide rail of taper Two sides are fixed with dovetail key.

The liftout attachment includes level-one mandril, level-one jacking block, second level mandril, second level jacking block；The level-one mandril It is threadedly coupled with level-one jacking block；Level-one jacking block be cross type jacking block, and with lower template clearance fit；Level-one jacking block, second level top Bar, second level jacking block successively connect；Second level mandril is cylindrical mandril, with lower template clearance fit；Second level jacking block and divide valve Support component is engaged inside and outside formula.

The filling device is made of knockout plate and channel steel welded connecting, and filling device is fixed on stress by fastener On circle.

Support component includes and divides valve outer support component, divides valve inner bracing member and inner support inside and outside the split-type；Point Valve outer support component, by integrally dividing two valves into, and is placed in circle stress by wire cutting mode；Valve inner bracing member is divided to pass through Wire cutting mode divides valve inner support to be equipped with the dovetail type groove matched with dovetail key by integrally dividing pintongs into；Inner support with Divide valve inner support to pass through trapezoidal inclined plane to be cooperatively connected.

Compared with prior art, the present invention having following technical effect that

1, punch-pin, divide the structures such as outer support in valve to together constitute stepped necking inner cavity, pass through control technological parameter (inclination angle in ladder each stage, ladder transition are with fillet) changes light-alloy cylindrical member in necking extrusion process used for forming Stress condition, it is ensured that the smooth realization of the approximate integral translation necking of whole shaping stage, better control metal stresses state, Equivalent strain amount, plastic deformation and structural homogenity etc. ensure that necking is gone on smoothly, and meet necking final size and performance It is required that；

2, using the inner supporting structure of split-type, and using the fixed guide rail of taper and dovetail key, inner support is made to possess change The effect of diameter, then being equipped with secondary ejection device makes inner support realize the scaling of diameter while moving along fixed guide rail, protects The inside that inner support can be placed into " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula part has been demonstrate,proved, internal support is played the role of and has easily taken material；

3, using hot-pressed technology, extruding force is greatly reduced compared with cold extrusion reducing, ensure that near-net-shape Also ensure that the comprehensive mechanical property of material is optimal simultaneously；

4, it using multistage linking liftout attachment, make mold for extruding and forming can on most-often used single liftout tank press machine With can be completed without the use of more liftout tank press machines, greatly strengthen the adaptability of hot extrusion necking die, reduce production Cost；

5, divide valve inside and outside support construction using detachable, only need to change punch-pin, divide the structures such as valve inner support can be into The multiple necking of row, improves the utilization rate of mold；

6, using the punch-pin mandrel with positioning and guiding effect, during press machine moves downward, punch-pin mandrel is first It can first be inserted into inner support, pair of interior support plays positioning and guiding, and the inclined-plane of inner support can be to dividing valve inner support to carry out about Beam, indirectly to dividing valve inner support to play the role of positioning and guiding.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

Fig. 1 is blank mold work status diagram in extrusion molding in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view in the direction A-A in Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 is working state schematic representation when blank being put into mold before extrusion molding in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is blank mold work status diagram when to be extruded in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 5 be in the embodiment of the present invention blank in radial miniature mouth deformation stage mold work status diagram；

Fig. 6 be in the embodiment of the present invention blank in radial big necking deformation stage mold work status diagram；

Fig. 7 is that blank is squeezing whole shaping stage mold work status diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 8 is that blank demoulds working state schematic representation after extrusion molding in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 9 is liftout attachment schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 10 is to divide valve external supporting structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 11 is the cross-sectional view in the direction B-B in Figure 10；

Figure 12 is to divide valve inner supporting structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 13 is the cross-sectional view in the direction C-C in Figure 12；

Figure 14 is the cross-sectional view in the direction D-D in Figure 13；

Figure 15 is inner supporting structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 16 is the cross-sectional view in the direction E-E in Figure 15；

Figure 17 is the branch class cylindrical member schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention before necking extrusion molding；

Figure 18 is the branch class cylindrical member schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention after necking extrusion molding；

Figure 19 is the main view of convex mould of the embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 20 is the top view of convex mould of the embodiment of the present invention；

Stress diagram when Figure 21 is branch class cylindrical member necking in the embodiment of the present invention.

Description of symbols:

1, fastener；2, straight pin；3, cope plate；4, upper die plate；5, punch-pin；6, punch-pin mandrel；7, filling device；8, Divide valve outer support；9, circle stress；10, lower template；11, level-one jacking block；12, level-one mandril；13, second level mandril；14, second level top Block；15, fixed guide rail；16, dovetail key；17, divide valve inner support；18, blank；19, inner support；5-1, punch-pin mandrel groove.

Specific embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.

Referring to shown in Fig. 1-2, present embodiment the technical solution adopted is that: it includes the superstructure with press machine The upper mold component of connection, the lower die assembly connecting with press machine substructure, liftout attachment, filling device 7 and divide valve Support component inside and outside formula；The upper mold component is located at the top of lower die assembly；Between upper mold component, lower die assembly Equipped with support component inside and outside split-type；Liftout attachment is located at the lower section of lower die assembly, and cooperates with lower mold pack clearance and connect It connects；Support component is engaged connection inside and outside the top of liftout attachment and split-type, and end is connect with liftout tank；Filling device is solid It is scheduled on the top of lower die assembly, and is located at the outside of support component inside and outside upper mold component and split-type；

Referring to shown in Fig. 1-2,19, the upper mold component include the cope plate 3 being connect with the upper table of press machine, The upper die plate 4 that connects with cope plate, the punch-pin 5 being connect with upper die plate, the punch-pin mandrel 6 for playing guiding and positioning action；It is convex Mould 5 is equipped with shape angles；Shape angles are ascending, then descending transition；It is right with punch-pin mandrel 6 to be additionally provided on punch-pin 5 The punch-pin mandrel groove 5-1 answered；Punch-pin mandrel groove 5-1 plays the role of facilitating location and installation to punch-pin mandrel 6；Cope plate 3, Upper die plate 4 and punch-pin 5 are assembled together by fastener 1 again later by the way that straight pin 2 is circumferentially positioned；Punch-pin mandrel 6 with it is convex Mould 5 is connected together by screw threads for fastening mode；

Referring to shown in Fig. 1-2, the lower die assembly includes the lower template 10 connecting with the lower table of press machine, swallow Tail key 16, to the circle stress 9 for dividing valve outer support to provide constraints and to the fixation guide rail 15 for dividing valve inner support to play the guiding role； Cross type and cylindrical two kinds of type chambers being combined with each other are equipped with inside lower template；Type chamber and level-one jacking block 11 and second level mandril 13 clearance fits；Lower template 10 is secured together with circle stress 9 by fastener；Fixed guide rail 15 passes through fastener and lower template 10 are assembled together, and lower template 10 is equipped with fixed guide rail groove corresponding with fixed guide rail bottom shape, leads to fixation Rail 15 plays the role of positioning；Dovetail key 16 is secured together to corresponding keyway on fixed guide rail by fastener.

Referring to shown in Fig. 1,9, the liftout attachment includes level-one mandril 12, level-one jacking block 11, second level mandril 13, second level Jacking block 14；It is connected together between level-one mandril 12 and level-one jacking block 11 by screw threads for fastening mode, level-one jacking block 11 is cross Posture shape, with 10 clearance fit of lower template；Between level-one jacking block 11 and second level mandril 13, second level mandril 13 and second level jacking block 14 Between realize corresponding movement by contacting, second level mandril 13 is cylindrical structure, with 10 clearance fit of lower template；Second level top Block 14 with divide valve inner support 17 and valve outer support 8 divided to be engaged, by its upwards jack up, to facilitate feeding.

Referring to shown in Fig. 1,7, the filling device 7 includes knockout plate and channel steel；Pass through weldering between knockout plate and channel steel It connects and connects together composition filling device, filling device 7 is fixed on circle stress 9 by fastener.

Referring to shown in Fig. 1-2,10-16, support component includes to divide valve outer support 8, divide branch in valve inside and outside the split-type Support 17 and inner support 19；It is divided to valve outer support 8, by integrally dividing two valves into, to be placed into circle stress 9, with right by wire cutting mode Point valve outer support 8 plays the role of limiting its movable；Valve inner support 17 is divided, by integrally dividing pintongs into, to divide valve by wire cutting mode There is the groove of the dovetail type cooperated with dovetail key 16 in inner support 17, dovetail key 16 plays the role of guiding；Inner support 19 with point Valve inner support 17 is cooperated by trapezoidal inclined plane, has collectively constituted inner supporting structure；Present embodiment will be inside and outside split-type Support component is designed to the structure of split, first is that blowing and feeding for convenience, second is that in order to mitigate a point weight for valve inner support Amount limits its load to swing to mitigate load that liftout tank jacks up upwards and dovetail key 16；In punch-pin mandrel 6 is inserted into It also can be to dividing valve inner support 17 to play the role of positioning and guiding while supporting 19.

Referring to shown in Fig. 1-2 1, a kind of extrusion forming method of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component, nowadays Light-alloy is using more for Al alloys andMg alloys, and the present embodiment is by taking blank is magnesium alloy cylindrical member as an example, its extrusion process It comprises the following steps:

(1) prepare before forming: magnesium alloy cylindrical member being heated to 400 DEG C of forming temperature and keeps the temperature 3h-4h, and will be squeezed into Shape mold is integrally preheated to 30 DEG C -50 DEG C or more of light-alloy cylindrical member forming temperature (the present embodiment is heated to 440 DEG C) and keeps the temperature 4h-5h；Mold after preheating insulation is mounted on press machine；

Referring to Fig. 3 shown in, will contact with magnesium alloy cylindrical member punch-pin 5, inner support 19, divide valve inner support 17, divide The surface of valve outer support 8 uniformly applies oil base graphitic lubricant, and subsequent liftout attachment promotion divides valve inner support 17 along fixation Guide rail 15 and the upward walking 60mm of dovetail key 16, can be realized radial unilateral shortening 16mm；At this time by preheated magnesium alloy cylinder Shape part is set in point valve inner support 17, and valve outer support 8 then will be divided to be placed into outside, wrap magnesium alloy cylindrical member；Complete it Afterwards, liftout attachment drops to home position, and referring to shown in Fig. 4, inner support 19 is placed into point valve inner support 17, prepares to squeeze Forming；

(2) forming process: referring to shown in Fig. 5-7, press machine drives the cope plate 3 of upper mold component, upper die plate 4, convex Mould 5 and punch-pin mandrel 6 move downward, and punch-pin 5 starts contacting with magnesium alloy cylindrical member vertical wall section from top to bottom, apply to barrel It is subject to radial necking extruding force；Since punch-pin 5 is equipped with shape angles, as shown in figure 19, angle is ascending, then descending, The shape of class ladder is formed, magnesium alloy cylindrical member is under the pressure effect of punch-pin 5, the deformation of experienced three stages:

First is that radial miniature mouth deformation stage, referring to shown in Fig. 5,19-20, in conjunction with stress analysis schematic diagram 21, this stage Punch-pin forming angle is 2 °, and dropping distance is about 108mm；Radial necking force F corresponding at this time_lxLarger, frictional force f is due to just starting Contact, still be in lesser state, the function and effect of necking pressure it is more give radial force F_lx, there is magnesium alloy cylindrical member gently Micro- wall thickness increases and the increase of more significant height；

Second is that radial big necking deformation stage, as shown in Fig. 6 and Figure 21, as press machine drives punch-pin to continue to squeeze downwards Pressure, forming angle become 4 ° from 2 °, and dropping distance is about 74mm；The radial necking speed that overall performance goes out is more obvious to be increased It is fast to increase, and radial necking force F_lxReduction, so that necking pressure is more flowed to the tangential direction of contact point, i.e. frictional force f increases Greatly, cause jumping-up effect aggravation, wall thickness increase increased significantly compared with the first stage, and short transverse increase slows down or even is not further added by；

Third is that whole shaping stage, as shown in Fig. 7 and Figure 21, press machine drives punch-pin to continue to squeeze cylindrical member, forming downwards Angle becomes 0 ° from 4 °, and cylindrical member top has been bent the become smaller trend that begins with straighten of the barrel due to angle, at this time only in corner There is the radial necking force of non-linear increase at place, has arrived vertical wall section radial direction necking force and has become maximum, this force-bearing situation makes jumping-up Effect accordingly weakens, but barrel whole at this time forms a class stairstepping, and necking pressure still can cause biggish jumping-up Effect；And since punch-pin has been approached final shaping position, form ladder-like barrel phase approximate with the distance between valve inner support is divided Deng pattern, the final stage of necking, which can be approximately considered, barrel and divides the distance between valve inner support in integral translation necking；It is flat During shifting, thickening caused extra material can be stopped to cause magnesium alloy cylindrical member to flowing up and down by inner support arm Height slightly increases, until squeezing final forming；

(3) after the completion of necking extrusion molding: as shown in figure 8, stopping moving downward for press machine upper table, on press machine Workbench moves back up, drives punch-pin 5 to rise and is detached from necking magnesium alloy cylindrical member, while upper die plate 4 drives interior branch Support 19 rises, and is detached from valve inner support 17 is divided；Level-one mandril 12 is acted on by liftout tank, linkage is generated to second level jacking block 14 Jack-up effect causes the promotion of second level jacking block 14 divide valve inner support 17, divide valve outer support 8 while moving upwards, at this time due to fixation The guiding role of guide rail 15 and dovetail key 16 makes point valve inner support 17 generate radial unilateral contraction while moving upwards 60mm The effect of 16mm；The diminution of diameter will divide valve outer support 8 to separate, so this when first in order to the demoulding of necking cylindrical member Magnesium alloy cylindrical member is taken out from dividing in valve inner support afterwards, extrusion necking is completed.

The present embodiment uses detachable inner supporting structure, in the premise for only replacing a small amount of part such as punch-pin, inner support Under can carry out multiple necking, until reach predetermined size.

" the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component forming difficult point in the present invention is first is that while being radial necking Also to prevent barrel from unstability axially is occurring and is guaranteeing the uniformity consistency of the wall thickness finally shaped；Second is that inner support how The amplification of diameter is realized in the part of " the big mouth of tripe is small " and is reduced to be also easy to cylindrical blank while playing a supporting role It places and takes out；

First difficulties for forming present embodiment is overcome using the inside and outside mould structure all supported；Mold The forming face of punch-die can prevent the generation of unstability, mold according to one optimal forming curve of corresponding part drawing optimization Inside and outside dual-support structure can final shaping stage to barrel formed three-dimensional compressive stress, guarantee the uniformity consistency of wall thickness；It is right The interior external supporting structure of split-type is used in second difficulties for forming present embodiment, and in order to make inner support possess change The effect of diameter and have devised the fixed guide rail of taper and dovetail key, then being equipped with secondary ejection device leads inner support along fixation The scaling that diameter is realized while rail moves, ensure that inner support can be placed into the inside of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula part, plays Inside support and the effect for easily taking material；One kind " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component of the present invention squeezes Pressing formation mold, clever structure, good reliability, forming accuracy are high.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art The other embodiments being understood that.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of mold for extruding and forming of " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component, which is characterized in that it includes and pressure The upper mold component of superstructure connection of machine, the lower die assembly being connect with press machine substructure, liftout attachment, dnockout dress Set and split-type inside and outside support component；The upper mold component is located at the top of lower die assembly；The lower set of molds Part includes lower template, dovetail key, circle stress, fixed guide rail；Lower template is fixedly connected with the lower table of press machine；Lower template Lower part is equipped with type chamber of the cross type together with cylindrical composite；The intracavitary portion of type and liftout attachment clearance fit；Circle stress is solid It is scheduled on the upper surface of lower template；The upper surface middle part of lower template is equipped with fixed guide rail groove；Fixed guide rail is fixed on lower template Fixation guide rail groove on；Fixed guide rail is the fixed guide rail of taper, and the two sides of the fixed guide rail of taper are fixed with dovetail key；Upper mold Support component inside and outside split-type is equipped between component, lower die assembly, support component includes and divides outside valve inside and outside the split-type It supports, divide valve inner support and inner support；It is divided to valve outer support by wire cutting mode by integrally dividing two valves into, and is placed on circle stress It is interior；Valve inner support is divided, by integrally dividing pintongs into, valve inner support to be divided to be equipped with the swallow matched with dovetail key by wire cutting mode Tail formula groove；Inner support passes through trapezoidal inclined plane mating connection with valve inner support is divided；Liftout attachment is located at the lower section of lower die assembly, And it is cooperatively connected with lower mold pack clearance；Support component is engaged connection inside and outside the top of liftout attachment and split-type, end End is connect with liftout tank；Filling device is fixed on the top of lower die assembly, and is located at upper mold component and the inside and outside branch of split-type The outside of support component.

2. the mold for extruding and forming of one kind " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component according to claim 1, special Sign is that the upper mold component includes cope plate, upper die plate, punch-pin, punch-pin mandrel；The upper work of cope plate and press machine It is fixedly connected as platform；Cope plate, upper die plate, punch-pin by straight pin it is circumferentially positioned after be fixed to each other company by fastener again It connects；Punch-pin is equipped with shape angles；Shape angles are ascending, then descending transition；It is additionally provided on punch-pin and punch-pin mandrel Corresponding punch-pin mandrel groove；Punch-pin mandrel is positioned by punch-pin mandrel groove and punch-pin, and is threadedly coupled with punch-pin.

3. the mold for extruding and forming of one kind " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component according to claim 1, special Sign is that the liftout attachment includes level-one mandril, level-one jacking block, second level mandril, second level jacking block；The level-one mandril and Level-one jacking block is threadedly coupled；Level-one jacking block be cross type jacking block, and with lower template clearance fit；Level-one jacking block, second level mandril, Second level jacking block successively connects；Second level mandril is cylindrical mandril, with lower template clearance fit；Second level jacking block and split-type Inside and outside support component is engaged.

4. the mold for extruding and forming of one kind " the big mouth of tripe is small " formula branch class light-alloy component according to claim 1, special Sign is that the filling device is made of knockout plate and channel steel welded connecting, and filling device is fixed on circle stress by fastener On.