CN107614030A

CN107614030A - Nonexpondable adsorbent core box

Info

Publication number: CN107614030A
Application number: CN201580080285.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 布莱恩特·J·普迪尔; 克里斯多夫·M·霍博特
Original assignee: Medtronic Inc
Current assignee: Medtronic Inc
Priority date: 2015-05-26
Filing date: 2015-05-26
Publication date: 2018-01-19
Also published as: EP3302603A1; WO2016190853A1; EP3302603A4

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of adsorbent core box, and it includes one or more dismountable modules.The adsorbent core box can have one or more modules being contained therein, and have the connector for connecting each of the module.One or more of described module can be reusable, and sorbent material therein can be recharged.The adsorbent core box can include the module containing the anion exchange resin such as zirconium oxide, the downstream of basic zirconium phosphate of the zirconium oxide in the adsorbent core box, the phosphate anion leached with retrapping from the basic zirconium phosphate.

Description

Nonexpondable adsorbent core box

Technical field

The present invention relates to the adsorbent core box with one or more modules.The module can be used for multiple times or single makes , and dialysis machine or the recharger for recharging sorbent material can be fluidly connected to.Appointing in the module One can individually be dismantled from adsorbent cores box main body itself, wherein the module can contain for example basic zirconium phosphate, zirconium oxide, One or more sorbent materials of urease, aluminum oxide, activated carbon etc..Some sorbent materials can be positioned over relative to each other In the specified location of downstream each other and upstream, to obtain the configuration for being suitable for dialysing and recharging module.

Background technology

Adsorbent core box can use the water fewer than the system without adsorbent core box to remove waste from dialyzate.Inhale Attached dose of core box from fluid adsorption ion and other wastes by operating.During dialysis, dialysate fluid passes through dialyzer, And remove waste and solute from the side of semipermeable membrane across concentration and/or barometric gradient.Can then make containing waste and The dialyzate of solute passes through adsorbent core box to remove waste and solute.Depending on waste present in cleaned dialyzate Amount, dialyzate can be then set to be recycled back into dialyzer without abandoning.

The use of urease is carbon dioxide and ammonium ion by urea seeding in adsorbent core box.Ammonium ion is then by urinating The cation exchange material absorption in plain enzyme downstream.A kind of conventional cation exchange material is basic zirconium phosphate.However, basic zirconium phosphate is sometimes Phosphate can be caused to leak.Phosphate anion present in basic zirconium phosphate leaks into as dialyzate passes through adsorbent core box Analyse in liquid.Phosphate leakage can cause the higher phosphate concn in dialyzate, and reduce the phosphoric acid across semipermeable membrane Salt removes efficiency.

Such as the high cost of the common adsorbents material such as basic zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide is the notable limitation of adsorbent dialysis.So And conventional adsorbent core box is designed to the device being intended for single use, and in many cases can not be in the time cycle of extension Use, and key can not be recharged to recover the functional capacity of sorbent material.Alternatively, traditional adsorbent core box is once Sorbent material has been exhausted just to be abandoned.Although conventional adsorbent core box can be disassembled to extract sorbent material to carry out Reloading, but sorbent material must be reprocessed in treatment plant, and can not be set by dialysis machine, afterloading device or medical treatment Standby reloading.The sorbent material exhausted must be transported to treatment plant, take adsorbent core box apart, and recharged and adsorbed by the factory Agent material.In some time, it is necessary to assemble new core box, and the sorbent material of reloading is encapsulated into core box and is delivered back into again Clinic dialyse for using.Therefore, the unit cost that dialysis has not only been raised with limited use adsorbent core box is intended for single use, and Also the totle drilling cost of dialysis has been raised.

With reference to Cost Problems, certain material can not be isolated in the compartment for reloading by traditional core box.Such as urinate Some materials such as plain enzyme and aluminum oxide can be less expensive with other sorbent materials such as ratio such as basic zirconium phosphates and zirconium oxide.However, pass Sorbent material can not be isolated and be separated in different modules, compartment or layer by the core box of system.In other words, conventional adsorbent Core box can not be suitable to recharge it is some it is expensive recharge sorbent material, such as zirconium oxide or basic zirconium phosphate because each group Part needs different reloading solution, and this may be preferable for rinsing a kind of sorbent material, but be adsorbed for another kind Agent material is destructive.Finally, traditional core box can not provide the specified location of sorbent material relative to each other.Adsorbent The placement of material for reloading be even more important because each sorbent material can discharge influence downstream sorbent material from Son.If moreover, in single flow path in adsorbent core box or in the absorption containing different types of sorbent material Performed in agent core box, then the placement of sorbent material can influence both upstream and downstream materials during cleaning.

Therefore, it is necessary to which one kind can recharge adsorbent core box, it need not be taken apart to recharge sorbent material.Institute State adsorbent core box should can by dialysis machine, reloading platform or with dialysis clinic be located at same place suitable configurations equipment Lai Reloading.The adsorbent core box, which should provide, is separated to the material in adsorbent core box in module, compartment or layer, with allow every From those materials to promote appropriate reloading without harmful or undesired effect.A kind of adsorbent core box is needed, it is carried For the isolation of one or more sorbent materials to allow to abandon relatively inexpensive or not reusable material, at the same recharge costly and Reusable material.A kind of modular adsorbent core box is needed further exist for, it has multiple separate modules, and the module can be easy Ground connect and/or can dismantle from modular adsorbent core box, so as to promote the reloading of sorbent material and adsorbent core box with/ Or recycling, while keep individual unit formula to design.

A kind of adsorbent core box is also needed to, wherein sorbent material can be arranged to allow specific material in the module of core box Material or the isolation of material group.Any one of module in core box is needed further exist for be reusable or optionally can be from core box Dismantle and be attached again, to allow any one of the discarding of the sorbent material in module, recycling or reloading.Need one kind Adsorbent core box with certain material, it can recharge and allow the discarding of relatively inexpensive material.Need to make adsorbent material Material is positioned relative to each other reloading and the use during dialysis in the adsorbent so as to the material for promoting to exhaust, such as subtracts The influence of few phosphate leaching.

A kind of system is needed further exist for, it can be from the phosphate that zirconium phosphate sorbent layer retrapping is leaked into dialyzate. A kind of modularization adsorbent core box is needed further exist for, it realizes the isolation of particular adsorbent material to promote refilling for these materials Fill out and reuse.Described to need also to include a kind of nonexpondable basic zirconium phosphate module, it can be positioned at nonexpondable zirconium oxide The upstream of module is to obtain phosphate retrapping.

The content of the invention

The first aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of adsorbent core box.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, The adsorbent core box can have at least one reusable module with one or more connectors, one or more described connectors It can be fluidly connected with fluid flow path or the second module can be fluidly connected to.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box may include at least one not reusable mould Block.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one reusable module can contain sorbent material. In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one reusable module can contain a variety of sorbent materials. In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one not reusable module can contain sorbent material.At this In any embodiment of the first aspect of invention, at least one not reusable module can contain a variety of sorbent materials.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one module can communication or as controlled suitable Answer a part for formula dialysis circuit.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one reusable module Can with it is at least one other reusable or reusable module is not connected.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, institute Stating at least one reusable module can dismantle from adsorbent core box.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, connector may be selected from quick coupling fittings, twistlock accessory, push away Upper accessory or threaded accessory.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, one or more described connectors may include The pipeline and valve assembly of a certain length.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, connector can include the access point for sensor.At this In any embodiment of the first aspect of invention, dialysis machine may include connector.In any reality of the first aspect of the present invention Apply in example, the sorbent material may be selected from including basic zirconium phosphate, hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), activated carbon, aluminum oxide, urease and ion friendship Change the group of resin.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the ion exchange resin can pass through selection with Calcium and magnesium ion are only removed by using chelating ion exchange resin.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the flow path can by the first module, pass through company Connect device and then flowed up by the side of the second module.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the flowing Path can by the first module, by connector, by the second module, pass through by the second connector and then the 3rd module Side flow up.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, bypass flow path can make flowing from the first module It redirect to the 3rd module.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, it is contemplated that multiple modules, comprising four or four with Upper module.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the valve assembly being positioned on connector can be used to pass through side Road flow path turns to flowing.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, valve assembly can be positioned at connector On after the first module and before the second module.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, valve assembly can It is positioned on connector after the second module and before the 3rd module.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, recharger can be positioned in bypass flow path.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, connector can will the present invention module in it is any one or more Person's communication is connected to recharger.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), aluminum oxide, urea Enzyme and activated carbon, and the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), aluminum oxide, urea Enzyme, basic zirconium phosphate and activated carbon, and the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate.Corresponding layer is formed as any layer of combination and unrestricted.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), aluminum oxide, urea Enzyme, ion exchange resin and activated carbon, and the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate.Corresponding layer is formed as any layer and combined and nothing Limitation.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain aluminum oxide, urease, basic zirconium phosphate and Activated carbon, and the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO).Corresponding layer is formed as any layer of combination and unrestricted.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), aluminum oxide, urea Enzyme and activated carbon, and the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate and ion exchange resin.Corresponding layer be formed as any layer of combination and Unrestrictedly.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain aluminum oxide, urease and activated carbon, And second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate, ion exchange resin and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO).Corresponding layer be formed as any layer of combination and Unrestrictedly.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain activated carbon, and the second module can contain Aluminum oxide and urease, and the 3rd module can contain basic zirconium phosphate, ion exchange resin and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO).Corresponding layer can be formed It is unrestricted for any layer of combination.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first module can contain activated carbon, aluminum oxide, urease and Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), the second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate, and the 3rd module can contain basic zirconium phosphate and activated carbon.Corresponding layer can be formed It is unrestricted for any layer of combination.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the not reusable module can be discardable.In this hair In any embodiment of bright first aspect, the reusable module can be recyclable and/or reloading.

In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one of described module can have bar code or its Its identifying system.In any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, two or more sorbent material can mix Together.

It can be wrapped alone or in combination as any one of feature disclosed in the part of the first aspect of the present invention above It is contained in the first aspect of the present invention.

The second aspect of the present invention is for a kind of method for recycling reusable module.In the second aspect of the present invention Any embodiment in, methods described may include following steps：Reusable module is disconnected from connector, the connector The reusable module is connected to not reusable module, by-pass line and/or clean-up line；From described in the removal of adsorbent core box Reusable module；Sorbent material is emptied from the reusable module；The reusable mould is refilled with new sorbent material Block；And the connector for reconnecting to the reusable module in the adsorbent core box.

It can be wrapped alone or in combination as any one of feature disclosed in the part of the second aspect of the present invention above It is contained in the second aspect of the present invention.

The third aspect of the present invention be for a kind of replacement can optionally reusable detachable module method.At this In any embodiment of the third aspect of invention, methods described may include following steps：Detachable module is disconnected from connector Connection, the connector by the detachable module be connected to can optionally reusable another module, by-pass line and/or Clean-up line；The detachable module is removed from adsorbent core box；Abandon the detachable module；And in the adsorbent cores New module is inserted and connected in box.

It can be wrapped alone or in combination as any one of feature disclosed in the part of the third aspect of the present invention above It is contained in the third aspect of the present invention.

The fourth aspect of the present invention is to be used to recharge the sorbent material in reusable adsorbent core box for a kind of Method.In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, methods described may include following steps：By reusable module from even Connect device to disconnect, the reusable module is connected to another module, by-pass line and/or clean-up line by the connector； And the reusable module is connected to recharger known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.In the four directions of the present invention In any embodiment in face, the recharger contains the stream for the sorbent material that can be recharged in the reusable module Body.In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, methods described can further comprise the steps：Make the fluid from The recharger passes through the reusable module；And the company for reconnecting to the reusable module in adsorbent core box Connect device.

In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the reusable module can contain basic zirconium phosphate, and it is described again Filler, which can contain, includes sodium and hydrionic solution.It is described reusable in any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention Module can also contain ion exchange resin.In any embodiment, the reusable module can also contain hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), and institute Acetate ion can also be contained by stating recharger.

In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the recharger can contain first fluid.In the present invention Fourth aspect any embodiment in, the method for recharging sorbent material can further comprise the steps：Make institute State first fluid and pass through the reusable module；The first fluid is replaced with second fluid；And wear the second fluid Cross the reusable module.

In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the reusable module can contain activated carbon, and it is described again Water of the filler containing heating.In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the reusable module can contain aerobic Change aluminium and urease, and the first fluid can be the water of heating, and the second fluid can contain urease.

In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the valve assembly can be in programmable controller or computer Operated under the control of system to adjust the flowing between disengaging module and module.In any implementation of the fourth aspect of the present invention In example, the fluid flow by valve assembly can be sensed by photoelectric tube or other sensing fluxes and/or measuring apparatus. In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the adsorbent core box may include to be used for the recycle stream in fluid flow path The controlling pump of body.

In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box can have multiple modules, comprising 2,3,4 or Either case in 5 modules.In any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention, quick coupling fittings, twistlock can be passed through Accessory, accessory or threaded accessory or the pipeline of a certain length are pushed to connect the module.In the fourth aspect of the present invention Any embodiment in, the module can use repeatedly and/or reloading.In the four directions of the invention with multiple modules In any embodiment in face, the number that the multiple module can be used or recharged can be with different from each other.

It can be wrapped alone or in combination as any one of feature disclosed in the part of the fourth aspect of the present invention above It is contained in the fourth aspect of the present invention.

The fifth aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of modularization adsorbent core box.In any implementation of the fifth aspect of the present invention In example, adsorbent core box can have：First module, it is configured to containing urease；With the second module, it can be fluidly connected It is configured to first module and in the downstream of first module, second module containing cation-exchanger；With And also the 3rd module, it can be fluidly connected to second module and in the downstream of second module, the 3rd module It is configured to containing anionite.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, the cation-exchanger can be to contain in second module Some basic zirconium phosphates, and the anionite can be the zirconium oxide contained in the 3rd module.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, first module can be intended for single use, and described second Module can be nonexpondable, and the 3rd module can be nonexpondable.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, first module contains any in the following Person：Activated carbon, ion exchange resin, aluminum oxide, urease, and combinations thereof and mixture.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, first module can active carbon first layer, can In the aluminum oxide in the first layer downstream and the second layer of urease, and can be the 3rd of the activated carbon in the second layer downstream the Layer.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, zirconia layer can be positioned at the second layer downstream and The upstream of the third layer.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, including the module of basic zirconium phosphate be able to can recharge, including The module of zirconium oxide be able to can recharge, or both the module including basic zirconium phosphate and the module including zirconium oxide can be can be again Filling.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, first module can be fluidly connected to first module The dialyzate flow path of upstream, and the 3rd module can be fluidly connected to the dialyzate flowing road of the 3rd module down-stream Footpath.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, zirconium oxide may be present in the upstream and downstream of basic zirconium phosphate.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, the amount of the zirconium oxide of basic zirconium phosphate upstream can be less than basic zirconium phosphate The amount of the zirconium oxide in downstream.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, including second module of cation-exchanger can be more It is secondary to use, and the 3rd module including anionite can be nonexpondable.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, second module can have following collateral condition：It is same Do not contain zirconium oxide and basic zirconium phosphate in module jointly.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, second module does not include appointing in addition to basic zirconium phosphate What its sorbent material.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, bypass flow path can be by the first module upstream Position is fluidly connected to second module.

In any embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, first module can with the first layer of active carbon with And in the aluminum oxide in the first layer downstream and the second layer of urease, and second module can have the first of aluminum oxide Layer, the first layer downstream activated carbon the second layer, and the third layer of the basic zirconium phosphate in the second layer downstream.

In the embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box can have：It is configured to hand over containing cation Change at least one module of agent；And at least one module containing anionite is configured to, wherein being configured to contain The module for having anionite can be fluidly connected to be configured to the module containing cation-exchanger and downstream.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the cation-exchanger can be basic zirconium phosphate, and described the moon Ion-exchanger can be zirconium oxide.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the module containing cation-exchanger is configured to and through matching somebody with somebody It can be nonexpondable to put with the module containing anionite.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the module containing cation-exchanger is configured to and through matching somebody with somebody It can be dismountable to put with the module containing anionite.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, at least of the module upstream containing basic zirconium phosphate is configured to Two modules can contain any one of activated carbon, aluminum oxide, urease and combinations thereof.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, second module can further have zirconium oxide.

In any embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the amount of the zirconium oxide in second module can be less than phosphorus The amount of the zirconium oxide in sour zirconium downstream.

It can be wrapped alone or in combination as any one of feature disclosed in the part of the fifth aspect of the present invention above It is contained in the sixth aspect of the present invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the adsorbent core box containing activated carbon, hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), urease, aluminum oxide and basic zirconium phosphate.

Fig. 2 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with two modules.

Fig. 3 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with two modules, comprising the activated carbon in the first module, aluminum oxide, Basic zirconium phosphate in urease and zirconium oxide and the second module.

Fig. 4 shows the method for recharging zirconium phosphate sorbent material.

Fig. 5 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with two modules, comprising the activated carbon in the first module, basic zirconium phosphate, Basic zirconium phosphate in urease, aluminum oxide and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO) and the second module.

Fig. 6 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with two modules, includes the activated carbon in the first module, ion exchange Basic zirconium phosphate in resin, aluminum oxide, urease and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO) and the second module.

Fig. 7 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with two modules, comprising the activated carbon in the first module, aluminum oxide, Urease and basic zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO) and basic zirconium phosphate in the second module.

Fig. 8 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with three modules, comprising the activated carbon in the first module, aluminum oxide, Urease and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), the basic zirconium phosphate in the second module and basic zirconium phosphate and activated carbon in the 3rd module.

Fig. 9 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with three modules, includes the activated carbon in the first module, the second module In aluminum oxide and urease and the 3rd module in ion exchange resin, basic zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), have to will Fluid is from the first module booting to the optional by-pass line of the 3rd module.

Figure 10 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with three modules, has and is connected to such as recharger another group The optional by-pass line of part.

Figure 11 shows the modularization adsorbent core box with three modules, and to by fluid from the first module booting to The optional by-pass line of 3rd module.

Figure 12 shows three module adsorbent core boxes, has activated carbon, aluminum oxide and urease, the second mould in the first module The zirconium oxide in basic zirconium phosphate and the 3rd module in block.

Figure 13 shows three module adsorbent core boxes, has activated carbon, aluminum oxide, urease and oxidation in the first module Zirconium, the basic zirconium phosphate in the second module and the zirconium oxide in the 3rd module.

Figure 14 shows three module adsorbent core boxes, has activated carbon, aluminum oxide and urease, the second mould in the first module The zirconium oxide in aluminum oxide, activated carbon and basic zirconium phosphate and the 3rd module in block.

Figure 15 shows three module adsorbent core boxes, and it has by-pass line and valve to allow the first module containing urease Bypass.

Embodiment

Unless otherwise defined, otherwise whole technologies used herein and scientific terminology all typically have it is general with association area The meaning identical meaning that logical technical staff is generally understood that.

Herein using article " one " and "one" refer to the one of the article or more than one (that is, at least one) Grammar object.For example, " element " means an element or more than one element.

Term " anionite " means that the molecule with negative electrical charge can be combined and with the another of negative electrical charge The material of the molecule of molecule exchange.

" bar code " is the computer-readable pattern in the parallel lines and space with variable thickness, and it identifies the bar code The component being attached to.

" blowout " refers to the process for passing the gas through connecting pipeline or module.

" by-pass line " or " bypass flow path " refers to the pipeline for being connected to Trunk Line, and fluid or gas can be alternatively Flow through the pipeline.

Term " core box " refers to times being designed to containing powder, liquid or gas for being ready for connection to device or mechanism What container.The container can have one or more compartments.Instead of compartment, the container, which may also comprise, to be joined together to form The system of two or more modules of core box, wherein described two or two or more module, which is once formed, can be connected to dress Put, structure, flow path or mechanism.

Term " cation-exchanger " means that the molecule with positive charge can be combined and with the another of positive charge The material of the molecule of molecule exchange.

Term " be configured to containing " mean to be suitable for wherein any particular form containing given material, alignment, Shape, design, mark or arrangement.

Term " comprising " is including (but not limited to) the anything for following word " comprising ".The use instruction institute of the term The element listed is needs or compulsory, and other elements are optional and there may be.

" connector " description forms the concept fluidly connected between two components, and wherein fluid or gas can be from one Component by connector or for connection component flow to another component.Connector provides fluid company in its largest sense Connect, and any kind of pipeline, fluid or the gas passage between one or more any components of the invention can be included or led Pipe.

Term " consist of " includes and is limited to the anything for following phrase " consist of ".Phrase instruction by The element of limitation is needs or compulsory, and other elements not may be present.

Term " substantially by ... form " includes the anything for following term " substantially by ... form ", and not shadow The additional element of the basic operation of equipment, structure or method, structure, action or feature described by sound.

Term " controlled compliant type flow path ", " controlled compliant type dialyzate flow path " and " controlled compliant type solution Flow path " refers to the flow path that is operated in controlled compliant type system, the system have controlled compliance characteristic or Person is controlled compliant type as defined herein.

Term " controlled compliance " and " controlled compliant type " description actively control fluid volume and are transferred into compartment, flowing Path or the ability in loop.In certain embodiments, via control of one or more reservoirs to one or more pumps is combined, dialyse The variable-volume of liquid loop or the fluid in controlled compliant type flow path expands and shunk.If Patient Fluid's volume, flowing Path and reservoir are considered as the part of the cumulative volume of system (each complicated variant product sometimes can be described as fluid compartment), then one Denier system is in operation, and the volume of the fluid in system is just general constant (unless being added to storage from its exterior by additional fluid Storage).The reservoir of attachment allows system to adjust Patient Fluid's volume in the following manner：Take out fluid and store up required amount In the presence of in the control reservoir of attachment, and/or provide pure and/or releveling fluid to patient and optionally remove waste production Thing.Term " controlled compliance " and " controlled compliant type " should not be obscured with term " non-compliant co-volume ", " non-compliant co-volume " Refer only to remove from the defined space such as vessel, conduit, container, flow path, regulation flow path or core box Vessel, conduit, container, flow path, regulation flow path or the core box of the introducing of fluid volume are resisted after air.Any In embodiment, controlled compliant type system can bidirectionally move fluid.In some cases, bidirectional fluid movement may span across saturating Semipermeable membrane inside or outside parser.Bi-directional fluid flow can also cross in selected operator scheme, the device by the present invention Ware, conduit, container, flow path, regulation flow path or core box occur in-between.Such as combine such as semipermeable membrane Barrier and the term " bidirectionally moving fluid " that uses refers to the ability for making fluid be move across barrier in either direction.It is " double Fluid is moved to ground " between the flow path that is equally applicable in flow path or in controlled compliant type system and reservoir The ability of fluid is moved in the two directions.

" controlling pump " is meant to the equipment for making fluid be moved through system with special speed.Term " controlling pump " can wrap Containing such as " ultrafiltrate pump ", it is transferred into compartment or returned bidirectionally to pump fluid to be operable to actively control fluid volume The pump on road.

System is maintained the combination group to the component of one group of required performance specification by " control system " by working together Into.Control system, which can be used, is configured to interoperability to maintain processor, memory and the computer module of required performance specification. Control system can also be comprising fluid as known in the art or gas control assembly and solute control assembly with maintenance Can specification.

" controller ", " control unit ", " processor " or " microprocessor " is monitoring and influences the operation bar of given system The device of part.Operating condition is commonly referred to as the output variable of system, wherein can influence to export by adjusting some input variables Variable.

" degasser " is the component that dissolving and undissolved gas can be removed from fluid.

Term " detachable " or " through dismounting " are related to can be with system, module, core box or any components apart of the present invention Any component of the invention." detachable " can also refer to the component that can be taken out with minimum time or labour from larger system. In some examples, component can be dismantled with minimum time or labour, but additional labor may be needed in other examples.Through dismounting group Part is optionally re-attached to system, module, core box or other components.Detachable module can be often the portion of reusable module Point.

" dialysis " is a type of filtering, or the process for the selectivity diffusion for passing through film.Dialysis is via passing through film Diffusion remove the solute of particular range molecular weight from fluid to carry out dialysis in dialyzate.During dialysis, make stream to be dialysed Body passes through filter membrane, while makes opposite side of the dialyzate by the film.The solute of dissolving by the diffusion between fluid and Filter membrane is crossed in conveying.Dialyzate from fluid to be dialysed removing solute.Dialyzate also can provide enrichment to other fluids.

" dialyzate " is the stream through the dialyzer on the dialysis membrane side relative with the fluid (for example, blood) just dialysed Body.

The term " downstream " used when referring to the relative position of component of dialysis system refers to the normal behaviour of dialysis system Make the later position on flow direction.The fluid moved on the normal operating flow direction of dialysis system will contact first " on Trip " position, and then contact " downstream " position.

" flowing " refers to the movement of liquid, gas or both.

" sensing flux equipment " or " flow measurement equipment " are the flows that can measure liquid or gas in specific region Equipment.

" fluid " is liquid substance, and it optionally has the combination of the gas phase and liquid phase in fluid.It should be noted that liquid is therefore Also there can be the mixing of the gas phase and liquid phase of material.

Term " fluid communication " refer to a component or compartment out of system of fluid or gas be moved to another component or The ability of compartment or the state of connection so that fluid or gas can be by pressure differentials from a part for being connected to another part It is mobile.

Term " can fluidly connect ", which refers to, makes fluid or gas from a point to the ability passed through of another point.It is described two Point can in any one or more in all any kind of compartments, module, system, component and recharger or between.

" transfusion " is the solution for adjusting one or more salt of the composition of dialyzate.

" modularization adsorbent core box " is the adsorbent core box being made up of more than one individual modules, each described module Contain one or more sorbent materials.The individual modules can be joined together to form modularization adsorbent core box.

" module " refers to the discrete assembly of system.Each of module can be coupled to each other with formed two or two with The system of upper module.Once being combined together, module can be into fluidly connecting and resist undesigned disconnect.It is if single Module is designed to containing the necessary component of whole (such as adsorbent for dialysis) for set purpose, then the module Device to be coupled to or the core box of mechanism can be represented.In the case, module may include one or more compartments in module.Substitute Ground, two or more modules can form device to be coupled to or the core box of mechanism, each of which module individually carrying list Only component, but only just common when connected together contain the necessary component of whole for set purpose (such as dialysis Adsorbent).Module can be described as " the first module ", " the second module ", " the 3rd module " etc. to refer to any number of module. The sign of " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. refers not to corresponding placement of the module on fluid or gas flow direction, and only One module of difference and another module, unless otherwise instructed.

" nonexpondable module " is the module containing the sorbent material that can be recharged.The module of " being used for multiple times " can Sorbent material is recharged and using more than once with what is contained by reloading inside.

Term is not " reusable " to refer to component unrenewable in the current state of component.In some instances, term " not reusable " can include discardable concept, but be not necessarily limited to discardable.

" operation pipe " is to guide fluid or gas in the path of normal use while system is in normal operating Pipeline.

Term " path ", " bang path ", " fluid flow path " and " flow path " refers to such as dialyzate or blood The route being advanced through Deng fluid or gas, or the route that gas is advanced.

" photoelectric tube " is the sensor that can measure light or other electromagnetic radiation.

" pressure valve " is a kind of valve, if wherein reaching certain level by the fluid of valve or the pressure of gas, then institute Valve is stated by opening to allow fluid or gas to pass through.

Term " pump " refers to causes any device of the movement of fluid or gas by applying suction or pressure.

" pushing to accessory " is the accessory for connecting two components, wherein can be by applying pressure to be attached to component The substrate of accessory connects the component.

" quick coupling fittings " are the accessories for connecting two components, wherein the convex portion of the accessory is contained to extension The flexible flange stretched a, wherein the part outwards further extension, and the recess of the accessory point contains on the end of the flange There is internal oncus so that when attached, the outwardly extending portion of flange is located at below the oncus.It is flexible by applying pressure Flange can inside stress, by oncus, so as to realize easy removal.

" recharger " is used sorbent material can be recharged to its reset condition or active volume or connect The component of nearly its reset condition or active volume.Recharger can be the part of dialysis system, or can be with its remaining part of system Separate.If the remainder of recharger and dialysis system separates, then the term can include single facility, wherein Used sorbent material is sent to return to its reset condition or close to its reset condition.

" reloading " refers to processing sorbent material to recover the functional capacity of sorbent material so as to by sorbent material Put back into new dialysis stage use or condition again in process.In some instances, reloading is also comprising processing Sorbent material is to clean sorbent material so that it can store and use in follow-up dialysis stage.In some realities In example, the gross mass, weight and/or amount of " can recharge " sorbent material keep identical.In some instances, " can recharge " Gross mass, weight and/or the amount of sorbent material change.In the case where being not limited to any one theory of invention, reloading Process can relate to make the ion for being attached to sorbent material exchange with different ions, and this can be increasedd or decreased in some instances is The gross mass of system.However, in some instances, reloading process will not change the total amount of sorbent material.In sorbent material After undergoing " reloading ", the sorbent material can be referred to hereinafter as " reloading ".

Term is " recyclable " to refer to reusable material.

" reusable " or " using again " refers to sorbent material, solid, the liquid that can be used more than once in an example Body or gas, the processing to any kind of material between use optionally be present.For example, material and solution can be again With.In an example, the reusable adsorbent core box that may refer to containing sorbent material, by recharging the adsorbent cores Sorbent material in box can be recharged.

" sensor " is the component for the state that can determine one or more variables in system.

" module being intended for single use " also set is not recharged containing can functionally may be recharged even if sorbent material Sorbent material module.The module of " being intended for single use " can use more than once, but the sorbent material inside needs Supplement or refill.Term supplements or supplement should be different from term as used herein and can recharge.

" adsorbent core box " refers to the core box containing one or more sorbent materials.Core box may be connected to dialysis flowing road Footpath.Sorbent material in adsorbent core box is used to remove specific solute, such as urea from solution.Adsorbent core box can have single Compartment designs, wherein whole sorbent materials necessary to performing dialysis are contained in single compartment.Alternatively, adsorbent core box There can be modularized design, wherein sorbent material disperses at least two disparate modules, at least two disparate modules Modular main body can be connected to form.Once at least two module links together, the module of connection can be referred to as inhaling Attached dose of core box, it can be coupled to device or mechanism.When whole sorbent materials necessary to individual module contains execution dialysis, The individual module can be described as adsorbent core box.

" adsorbent cores cartridge module " means the discrete assembly of adsorbent core box.Multiple adsorbent cores cartridge modules can coordinate Together with adsorbent core box of the formation with two or more adsorbent cores cartridge modules.In certain embodiments, single suction Attached dose of core box module can contain the necessary material of whole for dialysing.In these cases, adsorbent cores cartridge module can be with It is considered as " adsorbent core box ".

" sorbent material " is the material that the specific solute such as urea can be removed from solution.

" adsorber module " is the container containing at least one sorbent material.In certain embodiments, adsorber module Another adsorber module be may be coupled to form adsorbent core box.

" used dialyzate " is the dialyzate by dialysis membrane and contacting blood, and containing one or more impurity or Waste or waste, such as urea.

" running water " refers to the water without extra process obtained by pipeline from water system.

" threaded accessory " is the accessory for connecting two components, and its convex portion has the spiral of winding cylinder grand Ridge, and recess point is the cylindrical hole with internal helicoid oncus so that when convex portion screws in recess timesharing, two component lockings Together.

" twistlock accessory " is the accessory for connecting two components, wherein length is contained in the convex portion of the accessory exceedes width The head of degree, the recess of the accessory point are that length exceedes the hole of width and is more than convex portion so that when convex portion be inserted into it is recessed In part and when any portion is reversed, two components become locked in together.

The term " upstream " used when referring to the relative position of component of dialysis system refers to the normal behaviour of dialysis system Make the previous position on flow direction.The fluid moved on the normal operating flow direction of dialysis system will contact first " on Trip " position, and then contact " downstream " position.

" uremic toxins " is the toxin of carrying in the blood supply generally removed in kidney.

" valve " is can to allow fluid or gas in particular path by opening, closing or stopping one or more paths Advance and guide the device of the flowing of fluid or gas.One or more valves of flowing needed for being configured to realize can be configured for " valve assembly ".

" clean-up line " is the pipeline that fluid is guided between recharger and module.

Term " waste fluid " refers to does not have currently used any fluid in the operation of system.Waste fluid it is unrestricted Property example include ultrafiltrate, or the fluid volume removed from the acceptor of experience processing, and reservoir from system, conduit Or component discharge or the fluid gone out.

Term " waste ", " waste ", " waste " or " impurity substances " refers to any molecule from patient or acceptor Or ionic species, molecule or ionic species, middleweight uraemic waste comprising metabolic waste, comprising nitrogen or sulphur atom with And nitrogenouz wastes.Waste is maintained in specific dynamic range of balance by the individual with healthy renal system.

Term " water source " refers to the source that can obtain drinking water or undrinkable water.

Adsorbent is dialysed

One non-restrictive illustrative adsorbent core box is shown in Fig. 1.Used dialyzate can be from the bottom of adsorbent core box 1 Portion flow to the top of core box.The first sorbent material of used dialyzate contact can be activated carbon 2.Activated carbon will pass through Adsorb and remove nonionic toxin from fluid.Creatinine, glucose, uric acid, B2M and other nonionic toxin (except urea) can be adsorbed on activated carbon, so as to remove those toxin from fluid.Other nonionic toxin also will be by activity Carbon removes.Fluid then continues through adsorbent core box and reaches zirconia layer 3.3 removable phosphate of zirconia layer and fluoride Anion, acetylate anion is obtained as exchange.Fluid can continue to move through adsorbent core box and enter aluminum oxide/urea Enzyme layer 4.Urease can catalyzing urea reaction to form ammonia and carbon dioxide.The result of this situation is the formation of ammonium carbonate. Phosphate anion present in fluid also can on alumina be exchanged and obtain hydroxide ion.As fluid continues to lead to Adsorbent core box is crossed, fluid reaches alumina layer 5.Alumina layer 5 can remove any remaining phosphate ion from fluid, and help Help the urease kept in adsorbent core box.However, aluminum oxide has phosphatic low capacity, and therefore needed compared with zirconium oxide Want significantly more aluminum oxide.Last layer that fluid is advanced through can be zirconium phosphate layer 6.In zirconium phosphate layer 6, ammonium, calcium, potassium It can be exchanged with magnesium cation and obtain sodium and hydrogen cation.Ammonium, calcium, potassium and magnesium ion are all preferentially bound to basic zirconium phosphate, from And discharge original existing hydrogen and sodium ion in the layer.The sodium of release and hydrionic ratio depend on the Central Plains of zirconium phosphate layer 6 Ratio existing for beginning, and be therefore controllable.The result of fluid through adsorbent core box 1 is fluid regeneration and formation can be by saturating Parser is safely communicated back to the dialyzate of patient.In terms of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention In any embodiment, potassium, calcium and magnesium can be added to clean dialyzate to replace any ion removed by adsorbent core box. Ion, the flow of fluid that the system can be positioned at after adsorbent core box can be added and/or control via transfusion system On the section in path.

Basic zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide can be used as ion exchange material during adsorbent is dialysed.In sodium or the phosphoric acid of hydrogen form Zirconium may be used as cation-exchanger, and absorb the cation such as ammonium, calcium, potassium and magnesium.As the exchange for absorbing cation, phosphorus Sour zirconium can discharge other cations such as sodium and hydrogen.Can be by being attached to such as phosphoric acid in the zirconium oxide of acetate form The anion such as salt and fluoride and be used as anionite.As exchange, zirconium oxide can discharge acetate as substitution Anion.In hydrated form, zirconium oxide can also adsorb the metal such as iron, mercury, lead and aluminium.Zirconium oxide and basic zirconium phosphate are all Relatively expensive sorbent material.

The first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention is related to comprising at least one reusable module Advantageously to recharge and use again the adsorbent core box of material.The first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention the In any embodiment of aspect, by the use of breech lock 14, reusable module 11 can be attached to by the fluid of connector 13 can not Module 12 is used again.Breech lock 14 can the integrally-formed part for reusable module 11, not reusable module 12, or can be must be attached It is connected to the independent assembly of any module as shown in Figure 2.Latch 14, which can be coupled to, to be placed on the circumference of module 12 Annular connection ring 15.One or more attachment can be placed in inside annular connection ring 15 uses radial motion relative to that to work as Breech lock 14 is engaged during this positioning.This engagement can cause being rigidly connected between reusable module 11 and not reusable module 12.This The other known locking quickly and efficiently connected between practicable two components known to the those of ordinary skill in field is buckled Tight mechanism is expected from the present invention.Although only showing cylindrical module, it will be understood that, of the invention first, second, third or The module of expected such as rectangle, cone, triangle etc. any shape of four aspects, has corresponding fastening mechanism.It will be understood that Reusable and not reusable module various combination may be combined.The first, second, third, fourth, the 5th of the present invention the Or in any embodiment in terms of the 6th, two modules all can be reusable, or two modules all can be not reusable. Moreover, any one of module can be dismantled from dismounting each other or from the housing for the main body for forming adsorbent core box.The module Can be that easy-to-assemble modular unit can be exchanged and held with other modules.For example, the breech lock 14 in Fig. 2 allows two modules Between simple twistlock.The twistlock allows module to be connected to each other by easily and quickly manual movement, it is not necessary to module It is complicated motor-driven.The connection once undesigned disengaging can be resisted by being formed, but also can use when needed it is similar easy and Quick manually handle and be easily separated from.For example, the power put on close to breech lock on the peripheral outside of module is (for example, squeeze Die block) latch 14 can be caused to depart from from attachment.The the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th of the present invention the or the In other examples of six aspects, it can depart from module by simply making module rotate relative to each other.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, each module can Act independently as adsorbent core box.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention In, at least two modules, which can be worked as, to be engaged with each other and is fluidly connected together to serve as adsorbent using the breech lock 14 in such as Fig. 2 Cooperated together during core box.The advantages of this modularized design as described herein, is that different sorbent materials are dispersed among described It can be dismantled between at least two modules with allowing any particular adsorbent or sorbent material to combine from adsorbent core box.

Connector 13 is formed as the part of module, and need not be the independent assembly that must attach to module 12.But Connector 13 may be molded as reusable module 12 and the not part of reusable module 11.The present invention first, second, third, In any embodiment of four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, connector can mechanically, glued or rigidity be interfaced to module 11 With 12 and adhere to.Connector can be the combination of the recessed connector and male connector in module.For example, recessed connector can pacify It is placed in a module, and male connector can be placed in another module to form a connector 13 (not shown).In this hair In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th bright aspect, connector 13 allows fluid to flow into can not Module 11 is used again, by connector 13, into reusable module 12.Alternatively, connector 13 be not not reusable module 11 or The part of reusable module 12, but can be the independent assembly such as pipeline.It will be understood that connector 13 is in its largest sense On define, and cover between two points any fluidly connects.

One or more fluid connectors can be disposed at the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention Any module between, and one or more such fluid connectors can with it is described herein configuration any one of provide.Citing For, reusable module can have any number of connector, such as 1,2,3,4,5 or more.Fluid connector is in module Spacing and distribution can be located to realize and/or increase the flow of fluid between module.First, second, the in the present invention 3rd, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect an example in, fluid connector can with it is equally spaced from each other sow discord every or can axially or Radial positioning.Moreover, adsorbent core box can be with each one or more modules with any number of connector.With with it If middle sorbent material be arranged to dried layer and between these layers the modular design without any connector known adsorbent core box Contrast, the fluid connector of the aspect of of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th allow to any specific absorption The controlled fluid or gas flowing of agent or sorbent material combination.The first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention The fluid connector of aspect also allows any particular adsorbent or sorbent material to combine and can be dismantled from adsorbent core box.Citing comes Say, detachable module can be configured with one or more sorbent materials.The detachable module can then pass through fluid connector It is fluidly connected to adsorbent core box.This configuration advantageouslys allow for the independent place of combination or the mixing of adsorbent or sorbent material Reason, recycling or reloading, this is impossible for known adsorbent core box.In particular, it is known that adsorbent core box makes entirely If portion's sorbent material is formed as dried layer or mixes a variety of sorbent materials, and these layers or adsorbent of a kind of sorbent material Connectorless between the mixture of material.It will be understood accordingly that the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th side of the present invention Face it is fluid connector it is critical that order, the stream of the sorbent material that connector control fluid or gas are exposed to The delivering that body or gas combine to particular adsorbent or sorbent material, and fluid or gas are to various sorbent materials, layer Or flowing and the flow rate of combination or the mixing of sorbent material and sorbent material.

It will be understood that it is different from needing containing adsorbent in terms of of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th The known dialysis system of the separate housing of material, it does not form the modular suction being ready to be attached or be inserted into dialysis machine Attached dose of core box.The modular adsorbent core box of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention contains herein Each of sorbent material of description, cation and anion exchange resin comprising adsorbent core box interior.In other words Say, cation and anion exchange resin (or other sorbent materials) are not separated to another shell outside adsorbent core box In.Although indivedual sorbent materials of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention separate single Detachably and/or in reusable module, each of which module is connected difference in adsorbent core box by fluid connector, but single Individual adsorbent Core Box provides the size and weight of reduction, and this is for the known dialysis system with separate housing can not Can.Module as described herein can also pass through breech lock and attachment or known to persons of ordinary skill in the art any Fixed or fastening mechanism is further rigidly fixed to each other.It should be noted that the present invention the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or The adsorbent core box of 6th aspect can have whole sorbent materials described herein, comprising for convenient removal, maintenance and prison Depending on individual unit formula adsorbent core box in cation and anion exchange resin.In particular, adsorbent core box can have Single compartment designs, wherein whole sorbent materials necessary to performing dialysis are contained in single compartment.Adsorbent core box also may be used With modularized design, wherein sorbent material disperses at least two disparate modules, and at least two disparate modules can It is connected to form modular main body.Once at least two module links together, the module of connection can form absorption Agent core box is to be coupled to device or mechanism.Advantageously, of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect Therefore adsorbent core box can be easier recycling, reloading, abandon, safeguards and be removed from dialysis machine.The present invention first, In any embodiment of second, third, fourth, fifth or the 6th aspect, modular design can also provide can be in light dialysis machine The compact design used in device.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, fluid connector It can be quick coupling fittings, twistlock accessory, push to accessory or threaded accessory.It is known to persons of ordinary skill in the art other Such connection of form is expected from the present invention.In addition, connector may include the pipeline and valve assembly of a certain length.In this hair In any embodiment of bright first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect, connector can assembled by hand to connect this Any component or sub-assembly of invention.Connector also can be used to any one of module when not providing single fastening mechanism It is rigidly connected to recharger as defined herein.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, at least one mould Block can be in fluid communication with the controlled compliant type dialysis circuit such as disclosed in the 13/565th, No. 733 U.S. Patent application, the U.S. The content of patent application is incorporated herein in entirety by reference.

Fluidly connected it will be understood that connector provides in its largest sense, and any one or more of the present invention can be included Any kind of pipeline, fluid or gas passage or conduit between individual component.

The modularization adsorbent core box of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3 One embodiment.The not reusable module 22 of adsorbent core box can contain activated carbon 24, aluminum oxide/urease 25 and hydration oxygen Change the layer of zirconium 26.Reusable module 21 contains basic zirconium phosphate 27.

After dialysis is completed, zirconium phosphate layer 27 can contain ammonium, calcium, potassium and magnesium.The removable module 21 containing basic zirconium phosphate, And basic zirconium phosphate can be recharged.Reusable module 21 can disconnect from connector 23, and the connector connects reusable module To not reusable module, by-pass line and/or clean-up line.Subsequent slave module adsorbent core box removes reusable module 21. This module can be then recharged, abandons and replace, or alternatively, the sorbent material in removable and refill module.Will reason Solve, any one of material used in the aspect of of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th can repeatedly make With.In the such example used in the multistage, the number in the stage that a component can use be able to can make with another component The number in stage is identical or different.One at the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention is non- In limitative examples, the module containing urease can use 2 times, and another module containing basic zirconium phosphate can use 3 times. In the case of other, the module containing urease can use 3 times, and the module containing basic zirconium phosphate can use 2 times.It will be understood that Compared with another module used in adsorbent core box, do not limited using the access times of module for any multistage.

Show to recharge basic zirconium phosphate in the adsorber module of first, second, third or the fourth aspect of the present invention in Fig. 4 Method.It is may pass through containing sodium and hydrionic rinse fluid art 33 containing the basic zirconium phosphate 31 used with the ammonium ion combined Reusable module 21.This causes ion exchange, the wherein ammonium ion on the replaceable basic zirconium phosphate 31 of hydrogen and sodium ion.Exit module Therefore 34 waste fluid contains free ammonium ion, sodium and hydrogen ion with excess.This process produces the basic zirconium phosphate through reloading Layer 32, it is used to subsequently dialyse containing sodium and hydrogen ion.At the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention Any embodiment in, recharger can be used to recover used sorbent material, wherein the recharger contain can will Used sorbent material returns to the fluid of its reset condition.

Because calcium and magnesium ion may relatively be difficult to remove from basic zirconium phosphate, and therefore basic zirconium phosphate may relatively be difficult to recharge, institute So that the, Once is forgivable, twice is not with calcium and magnesium is removed in module can be favourable so that these ions all need not be in reusable phosphoric acid Removed in zirconium module.This embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention is shown in Fig. 5.With The dialyzate crossed, which enters the Once is forgivable, twice is not, uses module 42, and wherein dialyzate can first flow through activated carbon layer 44 to remove nonionic urine Toxication toxin.Dialyzate can subsequently enter the first zirconium phosphate layer 49.This layer can remove calcium, magnesium and potassium from fluid.Then, fluid enters Enter aqua oxidation zirconium layer 46, the layer removes phosphate anion and exchanges it with acetylate anion.Fluid can be with laggard Enter urea enzyme layer 45 and alumina layer 48, wherein urea is converted into ammonium carbonate and any remaining phosphate ion is removed. In any embodiment of the not reusable module of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, it is contemplated that Any arrangement of activated carbon, basic zirconium phosphate, aqua oxidation zirconium layer and urease and alumina layer.For example, dialyzate can be first The first zirconium phosphate layer is firstly flowed through, flows through activated carbon, subsequently passes through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, and subsequently enters urea enzyme layer and aluminum oxide Layer.Alternatively, dialyzate can first flow through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, subsequently pass through the first zirconium phosphate layer, flow through activated carbon, with laggard Enter urea enzyme layer and alumina layer.Furthermore dialyzate can first flow through urea enzyme layer and alumina layer, subsequently pass through aqua oxidation Zirconium layer, the first zirconium phosphate layer is subsequently passed through, and subsequently pass through activated carbon.Fluid subsequently passes through connector 43, and can into second Adsorber module 41 is used again.This adsorber module can contain basic zirconium phosphate 47.47 commutative ammonium ion of zirconium phosphate layer with obtain sodium and Hydrogen.Because calcium, magnesium and potassium ion are removed by the first zirconium phosphate layer 49, this second layer 47 will not pick up these ions. After dialysis, the second module 41 is attached to the basic zirconium phosphate of ammonium ion by only containing.Therefore, dialyzate can be easier to recharge.

Contain phosphoric acid in the wherein reusable module of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention In any embodiment of zirconium and ion exchange resin or basic zirconium phosphate and hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO), module can be recharged in the same manner. The activated carbon layer of reusable module can be by making the aqueous solution of heating be recharged through module.Aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer can be with The layer is passed through by the water or the above-mentioned solution for recharging basic zirconium phosphate that make heating first and then made containing urease Solution recharges through the layer.

Another non-limiting implementation of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention is shown in Fig. 6 Example.Used dialyzate, which can enter the Once is forgivable, twice is not, uses module 52, and it is non-to remove to first flow through activated carbon layer 54 for wherein dialyzate Ion uremic toxins.Dialyzate subsequently enters amberlite lipid layer 59.Amberlite lipid layer 59 can from fluid remove calcium, Magnesium and potassium.Then, fluid can enter aqua oxidation zirconium layer 56, the layer remove phosphate anion and by its with acetate the moon from Son exchanges.Fluid subsequently enters urea enzyme layer 55 and alumina layer 58, and wherein urea is converted into ammonium carbonate and any remaining Phosphate ion is removed.The present invention the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect the first module it is any In embodiment, it is contemplated that any arrangement of activated carbon, ion exchange resin, aqua oxidation zirconium layer and urease and alumina layer. For example, dialyzate can first flow through ion exchange resin, flow through activated carbon, subsequently pass through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, and then Into urea enzyme layer and alumina layer.Alternatively, dialyzate can first flow through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, subsequently pass through amberlite Fat, activated carbon is flowed through, subsequently enter urea enzyme layer and alumina layer.Furthermore dialyzate can first flow through urea enzyme layer and oxidation Aluminium lamination, aqua oxidation zirconium layer is subsequently passed through, subsequently pass through ion exchange resin, and subsequently pass through activated carbon.Fluid can then flow Connector 53 is crossed, and enters the second reusable adsorber module 51.Adsorber module 51 contains basic zirconium phosphate 57.Zirconium phosphate layer 57 can Ammonium ion is exchanged to obtain sodium and hydrogen.Because calcium, magnesium and potassium ion are removed by amberlite lipid layer 59, zirconium phosphate layer 57 will not pick up these ions.Alternatively, ion exchange resin 59 may be selected with for example by using chelating ion exchange resin Only to remove calcium and magnesium ion.This can allow to use less ion exchange resin.If use this resin, then potassium will be by phosphorus Sour zirconium 57 removes.Compared with calcium or magnesium, potassium can be easier to remove from basic zirconium phosphate.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that in the case of without departing from the scope of the present invention, of the invention first, 2nd, the adsorbent core box of the three, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect is reusable and usable not different in both reusable modules Sorbent material combination.Sorbent material described herein can be such as any combinations as shown in the particular embodiment of the present invention Mix.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box It can be removed from dialysis system.Adsorbent core box once remove can be separated into one or more modules to recharge, abandon or Recycling.For example, Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, its Middle reusable module contains both hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO) and basic zirconium phosphate.Used dialyzate can enter the first module 101.It is used Analysis liquid can first pass through activated carbon layer 104.Used dialyzate can be subsequently passed through the first zirconium phosphate layer 107, and the layer is from dialysis Liquid removes potassium, calcium and magnesium.Then, used dialyzate may move through aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer 105.Fluid can be then across Connector 103, and enter the second module 102.Second module 102 contains aqua oxidation zirconium layer 106, and from fluid remove ammonium from Second zirconium phosphate layer 108 of son.After dialysis, the reusable module 102 containing hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO) and basic zirconium phosphate can be refilled Fill out, abandon, or remove sorbent material and addition new material.

It is related in module mixing and absorption agent material rather than by material those skilled in the art will recognize that can include It is arranged to the embodiment in terms of of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of multilayer.Pass through the skill of this area Any method known to art personnel can spread sorbent material in single layer and perform this mixing of sorbent material.This The modularization adsorbent core box of first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of invention is not limited to have two modules. Any number of module can be utilized in the present invention.Three module adsorbent core boxes are shown in Fig. 8.First module 81 contains activated carbon Layer 84, aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer 85, and aqua oxidation zirconium layer 86.Described layer can also mix rather than with Multi-layer lifting supplies.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, in three modules In first module of adsorbent core box, it is contemplated that any arrangement of activated carbon, aqua oxidation zirconium layer and urease and alumina layer. For example, dialyzate can first flow through activated carbon, subsequently pass through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, and subsequently enter urea enzyme layer and oxidation Aluminium lamination.Alternatively, dialyzate can first flow through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, subsequently pass through activated carbon, subsequently enter urea enzyme layer and oxygen Change aluminium lamination.Furthermore dialyzate can first flow through urea enzyme layer and alumina layer, aqua oxidation zirconium layer, and then stream are subsequently passed through Cross activated carbon.Again, described arrangement is not only to include layer, but also comprising the sorbent material mixed.Fluid through The first connector 90 is passed through after these layers, and enters the second module 82.This second module 82 can contain basic zirconium phosphate 87.Fluid can Then across the second connector 91, and enter the 3rd module 83.This 3rd module can contain the second zirconium phosphate layer 88, and be used for Passing through the second activated carbon layer 89 to the final purification before adsorbent core box outside.First, second, the in the present invention 3rd, in any embodiment of the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, in the 3rd module of three module adsorbent core boxes, it is contemplated that activity Any arrangement of carbon and the second zirconium phosphate layer.For example, dialyzate can first flow through activated carbon, and subsequently pass through the second phosphorus Sour zirconium layer.It will be understood that any number of mould is can configure in terms of of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th Block.For example, the adsorbent core box with four, five, six, seven or more modules is expected from the present invention.Will reason Solution, described arrangement is not only to include layer, but also comprising the sorbent material mixed.

Due to that can recharge each sorbent material layer in modularization adsorbent core box, therefore wherein whole modules all may be used Core box again is possible.Solution is correctly recharged by correct module in order to guide, and because different adsorbent materials Material may need to replace frequently than other materials, therefore it is still favourable to utilize for the separate modular of sorbent material.

Because the ability of zirconium phosphate layer combination ammonium ion is limited, and the ability that urea enzyme layer breaks down urea into ammonia is Unlimited, it is possible to more than the ability of zirconium phosphate layer.In the case, excessive ammonium ion can be made through adsorbent core box and It is retained in dialyzate.In order to protect patient safety, occur once ammonia is broken through, dialysis stage can have been stopped, or can at least hinder Only conversion of the urease catalyzing urea to ammonia.

Fig. 9 shows three module adsorbent core boxes of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, It can allow the bypass of aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer in the case where ammonia is broken through.When the ability that ammonium ion is exchanged more than zirconium phosphate layer When can occur ammonia breakthrough.In the case where ammonia is broken through, used dialyzate can enter the first module 61 containing activated carbon layer 64. Used dialyzate bypasses flow valve 73 then across the first connector 71.In normal operating, flow valve 73 may be set to Fluid is allowed to be passed into the second module 62.Second module can contain aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer 65, and the layer catalyzing urea is to ammonium The decomposition of ion.Fluid by the second valve 74, and enters the 3rd module 63 then across the second connector 72.3rd module can Contain aqua oxidation zirconium layer 66, ion exchange resin 68 and zirconium phosphate layer 67.Of the invention first with three modules, In any embodiment of second, third, fourth, fifth or the 6th aspect, the 3rd module can have ion exchange resin, hydration oxygen Change zirconium layer and any arrangement of basic zirconium phosphate.For example, dialyzate can first flow through ion exchange resin, subsequently pass through hydration oxygen Change zirconium layer, and subsequently enter zirconium phosphate layer.Alternatively, dialyzate can first flow through aqua oxidation zirconium layer, subsequently pass through ion friendship Resin is changed, subsequently enters zirconium phosphate layer.Furthermore dialyzate can first flow through zirconium phosphate layer, aqua oxidation zirconium layer is subsequently passed through, and Subsequently pass through ion exchange resin.Again, described arrangement is not only to include layer, but also comprising the adsorbent material mixed Material.Adsorbent core box can be exited in the dialyzate through the 3rd module and then life.In the case where ammonia is broken through, the first valve 73 It may be set to fluid being redirected in by-pass line 70.This pipeline will make fluid not enter the second module 62, and therefore urea Ammonia will not be decomposed into aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer.Fluid will be changed to be directed into the second valve 74, and wherein fluid enters second and connected Device 72 is connect, and subsequently enters the 3rd module 63.In this way, dialysis can continue, while avoid producing ammonia.The of the present invention First, in any embodiment of second, third, fourth, fifth or the 6th aspect, valve assembly can also include connecing for sensor Access point.Described access point can be a part for valve assembly, and wherein sensor can contact fluid to obtain measurement data, such as flow Amount or pressure reading.The form of such access point and construction expected from the present invention be it is known to persons of ordinary skill in the art that A little forms and construction.

Figure 10 shows of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or of the adsorbent core box to being shown in Fig. 9 The alternate embodiment of six aspects, wherein the first connector 71 and flow valve 73 make by the flow bypass of the second module 62 to component 75.Component 75 can be the recharger for recharging or cleaning the second module 62 when being attached to adsorbent core box.In this hair In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th bright aspect, component 75 can be storage such as rinse flow The container of the fluid such as body or reloading fluid.It is any in terms of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention In embodiment, component 75 can be the pump for pumping fluid.Through after component 75, fluid can pass back through via the second valve 74 Second connector 72, and enter the 3rd module 63.In terms of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention In any embodiment, component 75 can over time, become remove and allow fluid from bypassing the first connector 72 and flow Valve 74 is flowed in the 3rd module 63.Component 75 can reversibly be attached and dismantle when necessary.

In the alternative solution to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 and 10, the present invention first, second, third, fourth, Bypass feature can be realized with single three-way valve in 5th or the 6th aspect, as shown in Figure 11.It is positioned at the first connector 71 On valve 73 fluid can be directed to the second module 62 or by-pass line 70 from the first module 61.The present invention first, second, In any embodiment of three, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, the component such as recharger can be added to by-pass line 70.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, single valve can be positioned at After second module 62 on the second connector 72.

Figure 12 shows the modularization adsorbent of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect according to the present invention Core box.Adsorbent core box in Figure 12 includes three modules 111,112 and 113.Used dialyzate can be entered by entrance 119 Enter the first module 111.First module 111 can be configured with containing activated carbon layer 114 with by absorption and from fluid remove it is non-from Sub- toxin.Through after activated carbon layer 114, used dialyzate can be for delivery in aluminum oxide and urea enzyme layer 115.Urea Enzyme can catalyzing urea reaction to form ammonia and carbon dioxide.The result of this situation is the formation of ammonium carbonate.Aluminum oxide is used as Support to urease.Through after aluminum oxide and urea enzyme layer 115, used dialyzate can pass through the second activated carbon layer 116.This second activated carbon layer 116 may leach any urine of aluminum oxide to adsorb from urease and alumina layer 115 Plain enzyme.Activated carbon layer 114 can remove from haemodialysis stage, sterilization or dialyzer reprocessing in leave such as citric acid, The residual disinfectants such as formaldehyde, peracetic acid and bleaching agent.These residues may damage urease and alumina layer 115 (if not Remove first).Second activated carbon layer 116 may be used as spare level to keep migrating over the urine of urease and alumina layer 115 Plain enzyme.Second activated carbon layer 116 prevents urease from migrating over the first module 111.The activated carbon layer of activated carbon layer 114 and second 116 both can also remove such as creatinine, uric acid, beta -2- macroglobulin and it is other uremia solute.By that will urinate Plain enzyme is adsorbed onto on activated carbon layer 116, prevents urease from moving in the second module 112.First module 111 can be that single makes , and optionally abandon after usage without reloading.This is particularly useful for separation such as basic zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide Expensive sorbent material and material relatively inexpensive such as urease, aluminum oxide and activated carbon.

Through after the second activated carbon layer 116, used dialyzate can leave the first module by connector 120 111 and enter the second module 112.Second module 112 can contain cation-exchanger 117, such as basic zirconium phosphate, its removal ammonium, Calcium, potassium and magnesium cation and with these cation exchange sodium and hydrogen cation.Second module 112 can be nonexpondable and can Dismantled from other modules to promote individually to recharge.

Through after the second module 112, used dialyzate can flow through connector 121 and enter the 3rd module 113. Similar to the second module 112, the 3rd module 113 is alternatively nonexpondable and can dismantled from other modules.3rd module 113 can It is configured to containing anionite, such as zirconium oxide 118.118 removable phosphate of zirconia layer and fluoride anion, With these anion exchange acetates or hydroxide anion.Used dialyzate then can exit the 3rd by outlet 122 Module 113 and leave adsorbent core box.

Crucially, by isolating the basic zirconium phosphate 117 in separate modular 112, the reloading of basic zirconium phosphate is promoted.Similarly, By isolating the zirconium oxide 118 in separate modular 113, the reloading of zirconium oxide 118 is promoted, because zirconium oxide needs such as hydrogen The alkali such as sodium oxide molybdena are used to recharging.High pH may damage basic zirconium phosphate necessary to the reloading of zirconium oxide, and therefore cause phosphorus Excessive release of the hydrochlorate into dialyzate.In other words, the reloading of two kinds of materials can be promoted by separating zirconium oxide and basic zirconium phosphate. Basic zirconium phosphate is recharged with acid solution, and zirconium oxide is recharged with alkaline solution.The extreme of high pH and low pH also will be to refilling Any urea enzyme layer during filling out is harmful to.Therefore, recharged when sorbent material is isolated from each other each in sorbent material Therefore person is beneficial to the integrality for retaining other sorbent materials.

The first module 111 in Figure 12 only contains activated carbon 114 and 116 and aluminum oxide and urease 115.These materials Zirconium oxide and basic zirconium phosphate than containing in other modules is cheap.Therefore, the first module 111 can be the module being intended for single use, institute Module is stated to abandon after each dialysis stage.In any embodiment of the invention, containing sorbent material oxygen costly The module for changing zirconium and basic zirconium phosphate can be nonexpondable module, wherein after the reloading of module, the module can be again With.

As explained, phosphate anion can leach from zirconium phosphate sorbent material during use.Depending on making Zirconium phosphate material, the amount between phosphatic 100mg/kg and 4,000mg/kg or higher can be from zirconium phosphate sorbent material Expect leaching.Phosphate can reduce from patient from the leaching of zirconium phosphate sorbent material and remove phosphatic efficiency, or even increase The phosphate level of patient.By the way that zirconium oxide module to be positioned over to the downstream of basic zirconium phosphate module, from the phosphate of basic zirconium phosphate leaching Can be by zirconium oxide retrapping.In addition, zirconium oxide may be used as anion-exchange material at a low ph, but at a high ph Cation exchange material.Therefore, zirconium oxide the ability of phosphate and other anion is removed from dialyzate can be through basic zirconium phosphate Increase after layer under the relatively low pH of dialyzate.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the second activated carbon layer can be eliminated.In addition, the present invention first, second, In any embodiment of three, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, the second activated carbon layer can be replaced with additional oxidation aluminium to prevent from urinating Plain enzyme migration.

Figure 13 shows the adsorbent core box with two zirconia layers according to the present invention.First module 131 can contain First activated carbon layer 134, aluminum oxide and urea enzyme layer 135, the activated carbon layer 137 of zirconia layer 136 and second.Second module 132 can contain basic zirconium phosphate 138.3rd module 133 can contain the second zirconia layer 139.As before, the second module 132 and the 3rd mould Block 133 can be nonexpondable and can be dismantled from other modules to promote to recharge.

Dialyzate can enter the first module 131 by entrance 140.In the first module, nonionic toxin can be by living Property carbon 134 is removed, and urea can be decomposed into ammonium ion and carbon dioxide by urease and aluminum oxide 135, and phosphate and other Anion can be removed by zirconia layer 136.Second activated carbon layer 137 can be used to prevent urease from migrating out the first module 131, and Remove any other nonionic toxin still suffered from dialyzate.As explained, first, second, third, the in the present invention 4th, in any embodiment of the 5th or the 6th aspect, the second activated carbon layer 137 can be eliminated, or with additional oxidation aluminium replacement the Two activated carbon layers 137 are to prevent urease from migrating.Dialyzate then may pass through connector 141 and reach the second module 132, herein Calcium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium ion can be removed by basic zirconium phosphate 138.Dialyzate can enter the 3rd module then across connector 142 133, any phosphate ion that can be leached herein by the retrapping of zirconium oxide 139 from basic zirconium phosphate 138.Because in dialyzate Some or all existing phosphate anions will initially remove via zirconia layer 136, so can be with the 3rd module 133 Only required less zirconium oxide is so as to the phosphate of retrapping leaching.The present invention the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or In any embodiment of 6th aspect, the amount of the zirconium oxide in the first module 131 can be same as, more or less than the 3rd module The amount of zirconium oxide in 133.Through after the 3rd module 133, fluid can leave adsorbent core box by outlet 143.

In fig. 13, the second module 132 and the 3rd module 133 can be nonexpondable modules.These modules can be Used again after the reloading of the basic zirconium phosphate 138 and zirconium oxide 139 that wherein contain.Contain activated carbon 134 and 137, aluminum oxide and urine First module 131 of plain enzyme 135 and zirconium oxide 136 can be intended for single use, and can be lost after the completion of dialysis stage Abandon.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, zirconium oxide 136 And the order of aluminum oxide and urease 135 can switch.That is, zirconium oxide 136 can be positioned over aluminum oxide and urea In first module 131 of the upstream of enzyme 135.In any reality of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention Apply in example, aluminum oxide and urease 135 can mix with zirconium oxide 136, rather than be arranged in single layer as shown in Figure 13 In.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box Can only have single-activity carbon-coating.Can be beneficial by the upstream that activated carbon layer is positioned over urea enzyme layer, to ensure from disappearing The remnants such as citric acid, formaldehyde, peracetic acid and bleaching agent left in dialysis system are removed in poison or dialyzer reprocessing to disappear Toxic agent.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, the can also be included Two downstream activity carbon-coatings, as shown in Figure 12, to prevent urease as described herein from migrating.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, such as Figure 13 Nonexpondable modules such as module 132 and 133 can be from existing other module dismountings for reloading.User can will be more The secondary module used disconnects from other modules in adsorbent core box, and reloading solution is passed through nonexpondable mould Block.The module containing basic zirconium phosphate can be recharged by transmitting the fluid containing sodium ion and acid.This reloading process can be followed Complete to sequence, such as make sodium solution through module first and then acid solution pass through module, or recharge can be by Single acid solution containing sodium ion is completed.

Recharged by the solution or other alkaline aqueous solutions that allow to include sodium hydroxide through module containing zirconium oxide Module.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, solution is recharged Can be lithium hydroxide, the solution of potassium hydroxide or any other alkaline aqueous solution.To recharge the height of the solution of zirconium oxide PH may damage basic zirconium phosphate.Basic zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide are separated in single module therefore allow to recharge both adsorbents Material.

Module once can be to reconnect through reloading each other, and is connected to the new single for new dialysis stage The module used.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, single makes With the appropriate order that can be designed as ensuring the module in the adsorbent core box of assembling with nonexpondable module.As explain Release, in any phosphorus that the module down-stream containing basic zirconium phosphate leaches comprising the module permission retrapping containing zirconium oxide from basic zirconium phosphate Hydrochlorate anion.In addition, the module containing basic zirconium phosphate must be at least in the downstream of the module containing urease so that basic zirconium phosphate can To adsorb by decomposition of the urease to urea and caused ammonium ion.The first, second, third, fourth, the 5th of the present invention the Or the 6th aspect any embodiment in, basic zirconium phosphate is there may also be in the module of urease upstream, as explained.Retouch herein Can be different in the top side for being connected to each module and bottom side stated, to ensure appropriate order.For example, basic zirconium phosphate Connector on the bottom side of module can be configured with the connector in the top side for the module being intended for single use with cooperation mode Engagement.Meanwhile the connector on the bottom side of basic zirconium phosphate module can be configured so that basic zirconium phosphate module will not be with zirconium oxide mould Connector in the top side of block is engaged with cooperation mode.This will ensure that zirconium oxide module can not be positioned over basic zirconium phosphate mould by user The upstream of block.In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, module can be with With any other pattern with color coding or mark with appropriate time of the module into the adsorbent core box of user's warning assembling Sequence.

Any embodiment in terms of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of the present invention is shown in such as Figure 14 In, aluminum oxide, urease and activated carbon may reside in in basic zirconium phosphate identical module.Into the adsorbent shown in Figure 14 The fluid of core box can enter the first module 151.First module 151 can contain activated carbon 154 and aluminum oxide and urease 155.Activated carbon 154 can remove nonionic toxin, and the urease in aluminum oxide and urea enzyme layer 155 can be catalyzed urea It is decomposed into ammonium ion and carbon dioxide.Through after the first module 151, fluid can pass through connector 160 and enter the second mould Block 152.Second module can contain alumina layer 156, activated carbon layer 157 and basic zirconium phosphate 158.Aluminum oxide 156 can be used to capture Obtain any urease that aluminum oxide is migrated out from urease and alumina layer 155.Second activated carbon layer 157 can be used to move Except any remaining nonionic toxin and protection zirconium phosphate layer 158.Zirconium phosphate layer 158 can remove potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium and other Cation, with these cation exchange sodium and hydrogen ion.Through after the second module 152, fluid can pass through connector 161 Into the 3rd module 153.3rd module 153 can contain zirconium oxide 159.Zirconium oxide 159 can remove any potassium, fluoride or its Its anion is cloudy with these anion exchange acetates or hydroxide comprising the phosphate leached from zirconium phosphate layer 158 Ion.

The reloading of basic zirconium phosphate will not be being hindered with including activated carbon and aluminum oxide in basic zirconium phosphate identical module.As explain Release, by alloing the acid solution containing sodium cation to recharge basic zirconium phosphate through basic zirconium phosphate.The present invention first, second, In any embodiment of three, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, this reloading solution can be heated.Low pH's is heated Solution can remove urease from aluminum oxide.In addition, heated solution can also remove the waste for having attached to activated carbon. Thus, the same solution that can be used to recharge basic zirconium phosphate can be used to recharge aluminum oxide and activated carbon.

In any embodiment of the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th aspect of the present invention, adsorbent core box One or more by-pass lines can be included, so as to allow one or more of fluid bypass adsorber module, as illustrated in Figure 15. Figure 15 illustrates the three module adsorbent core boxes for including by-pass line 183, and the by-pass line allows to contain in the case where ammonia is broken through There is the bypass of the module 171 of urease.Ammonia can occur when exchanging the ability of ammonium ion more than zirconium phosphate layer to break through.Broken through in ammonia In the case of, used dialyzate can bypass the first module 171, first module contain activated carbon layer 174, aluminum oxide and The activated carbon layer 176 of urea enzyme layer 175 and second.Valve 184 on first connector 179 can control fluid to enter by-pass line 183 movement, so as to bypass whole first module 171.Pass through bypass the layer 175 containing urease, it is therefore prevented that urea to ammonium from The decomposition of son.In normal operating, valve 184 can be set to allow fluid to enter the first module 171 and the feelings only broken through in ammonia By-pass line 183 is switched under condition.Through after the first module 171, fluid can enter second by the second connector 180 Module 172.Second module can contain basic zirconium phosphate 177, and it normally will remove ammonium ion from fluid.By-pass line 183 can be permitted Perhaps fluid enters the second module 172, as illustrated in Figure 15, or also bypasses the second module 172, and connect back to adsorbent core box The main operation pipeline before the 3rd module 173.Fluid enters the 3rd module 173 then across the second connector 181. 3rd module can contain zirconia layer 178.It can be exited in the dialyzate through the 3rd module and then life by connector 182 Adsorbent core box.In the case where ammonia is broken through, valve 184 may be set to fluid being redirected in by-pass line 183.This pipeline will Fluid is set not enter the first module 171, and therefore urea will not be decomposed into ammonia in aluminum oxide/urea enzyme layer.Fluid will be changed to The second connector 180 is directed into, and then to the 3rd module 173.In this way, dialysis can continue, while avoid producing ammonia. Valve assembly can also include the access point for sensor.Described access point can be a part for valve assembly, wherein sensing Device can contact fluid to obtain measurement data, such as flow or pressure reading.The form of such access point expected from the present invention and Construction is those forms known to persons of ordinary skill in the art and construction.

Any implementation in terms of using of the invention first, second, third, fourth, the 5th or the 6th of by-pass line In example, another activated carbon layer can be contained in additional modules.This, which will allow even to break through in ammonium, occurs to also continue to move afterwards Except nonionic toxin.

In order that the use of modularization adsorbent core box is easier, the first, second, third, fourth, the 5th of the present invention the Or the valve assembly in any embodiment in terms of the 6th can be described to compile by programmable controller or computer system operation Range controller or computer system can be programmed to regulation and pass through valve and the flow of disengaging module.Optical sensor, photoelectric tube Or the flow of the detectable fluid for passing through any two point in adsorbent core box of other sensing flux equipment.For example, may be used The optical fluid flow apparatus for measuring flow is provided, wherein described device includes the optical fluid pressure with sensor and surveyed Device is measured, the sensor is positioned in any one of flow path between module, in connector or in valve assembly.It is excellent Selection of land, the sensor will be positioned in the path that defines between the modules.The present invention first, second, third, fourth, In any embodiment of 5th or the 6th aspect, optical fluid sensors may be connected to the interference associated with photoelectron demodulator Instrument, the demodulator have the output signal for representing the differential pressure between two institute's sensing regions.The present invention first, second, In any embodiment of three, the four, the 5th or the 6th aspect, sensing flux equipment, which can have, to be projected into fluid flow path Flow response element, and the position sensor associated with the element, the position sensor is in response to flow of fluid And the position for detecting the flow response element changes.The flow response element can be as known to one of ordinary skill in the art The extensive multiple material with required property be made.

Those skilled in the art will be evident, depending on the specific needs of operation, can be made in dialysis system each Kind combination and/or modification and change.Part as one aspect of the present invention illustrate or the feature that describes can individually or It is used in combination in the aspect of the present invention.

Claims (according to the 19th article of modification of treaty)

1. a kind of adsorbent core box, including：

First module, it is configured to containing urease；

Second module, it can be fluidly connected to first module and in the downstream of first module, the second module warp Configure to contain cation-exchanger；And

3rd module, it can be fluidly connected to second module and in the downstream of second module, the 3rd module warp Configure to contain anionite；

Wherein, at least one in module is nonexpondable module.

2. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein the cation-exchanger is to contain in second module Basic zirconium phosphate, and the anionite is the zirconium oxide that contains in the 3rd module.

3. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein first module is intended for single use, second module It is nonexpondable, and the 3rd module is nonexpondable.

4. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein first module contains any one of the following：It is living Property carbon, ion exchange resin, aluminum oxide, urease, and combinations thereof and mixture.

5. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of the active carbon of the first module, described The aluminum oxide in first layer downstream and the second layer of urease, and the third layer of the activated carbon in the second layer downstream.

6. adsorbent core box according to claim 5, wherein zirconia layer are positioned at the downstream of the second layer and described The upstream of third layer.

7. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein first module can be fluidly connected to first module The dialyzate flow path of upstream, and the 3rd module can be fluidly connected to the dialyzate flowing road of the 3rd module down-stream Footpath.

8. adsorbent core box according to claim 2, wherein the zirconium oxide is present in the upstream of the basic zirconium phosphate with Trip.

9. adsorbent core box according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the zirconium oxide of the basic zirconium phosphate upstream is less than institute State the amount of the zirconium oxide in basic zirconium phosphate downstream.

10. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, second module including the cation-exchanger are It is nonexpondable, and the 3rd module including the anionite is nonexpondable.

11. adsorbent core box according to claim 2, second module has following collateral condition：In same module Do not contain zirconium oxide and basic zirconium phosphate jointly.

12. adsorbent core box according to claim 2, wherein second module does not include appointing in addition to basic zirconium phosphate What its sorbent material.

13. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, further comprise bypass flow path, the bypass flow path The position of the first module upstream is fluidly connected to second module.

14. adsorbent core box according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of the active carbon of the first module and The aluminum oxide in the first layer downstream and the second layer of urease, and second module has the first layer of aluminum oxide, in institute State the second layer of the activated carbon in first layer downstream, and the third layer of the basic zirconium phosphate in the second layer downstream.

15. a kind of adsorbent core box, including：

It is configured at least one module containing cation-exchanger；And

At least one module containing anionite is configured to, wherein described be configured to containing the anion exchange The module of agent is configured to the module containing cation-exchanger and downstream described in being fluidly connected to；

Wherein, at least one in module is nonexpondable module.

16. adsorbent core box according to claim 15, wherein the cation-exchanger is basic zirconium phosphate, and it is described it is cloudy from Sub- exchanger is zirconium oxide.

17. adsorbent core box according to claim 15, wherein described be configured to containing the cation-exchanger Module and described to be configured to the module containing the anionite be nonexpondable.

18. adsorbent core box according to claim 15, wherein described be configured to containing the cation-exchanger Module and described to be configured to the module containing the anionite be dismountable.

19. adsorbent core box according to claim 16, further comprise being configured to the mould containing basic zirconium phosphate described At least the second module of block upstream, second module are configured to containing in activated carbon, aluminum oxide, urease and combinations thereof Any one.

20. adsorbent core box according to claim 19, wherein second module further comprises zirconium oxide.

21. adsorbent core box according to claim 20, wherein the amount of the zirconium oxide of second module is less than institute State the amount of the zirconium oxide in basic zirconium phosphate downstream.

Claims

1. a kind of adsorbent core box, including：

First module, it is configured to containing urease；

3rd module, it can be fluidly connected to second module and in the downstream of second module, the 3rd module warp Configure to contain anionite.

15. a kind of adsorbent core box, including：

It is configured at least one module containing cation-exchanger；And

At least one module containing anionite is configured to, wherein described be configured to containing the anion exchange The module of agent is configured to the module containing cation-exchanger and downstream described in being fluidly connected to.