CN107607449A - A kind of device and method for detecting particulate matter quality concentration - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及浓度检测技术领域，具体涉及一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of concentration detection, in particular to a device and method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter.
背景技术Background technique
大气环境是人们赖以生存和发展的重要条件，而环境中的颗粒物对人们的健康及生活具有重大危害，尤其是近些年pM2.5、pM10日益严重，人们对环境中颗粒物的浓度越发重视。燃煤电厂污染源造成的污染十分严重，世界各国都在对其加以研究和控制，需要对排放的烟尘浓度进行检测，目前比较好的方法有光散射法，β射线法、微谐振法等。Atmospheric environment is an important condition for people to survive and develop, and particulate matter in the environment is a major hazard to people's health and life, especially in recent years, pM2.5 and pM10 have become increasingly serious, and people have paid more and more attention to the concentration of particulate matter in the environment . The pollution caused by the pollution source of coal-fired power plants is very serious. All countries in the world are studying and controlling it. It is necessary to detect the concentration of smoke and dust emitted. At present, the better methods include light scattering method, β-ray method, and micro-resonance method.
其中光散射法原理为：光源发出光束后，照射在颗粒物上，光线会向各个方向发出散射光，散射光经光电接收器转换为电信号，经放大器放大后，测量颗粒物质量浓度。该方法受限于颗粒物的纯度及粒径大小，颗粒物粒径分布及折射率等发生变化时，参数值也需对参数进行修正，因此，收环境改变的影响，本方法不能自动稳定测定颗粒物浓度，误差较大。The principle of the light scattering method is: after the light source emits a beam of light, it is irradiated on the particulate matter, and the light will emit scattered light in all directions. The scattered light is converted into an electrical signal by a photoelectric receiver, and after being amplified by an amplifier, the mass concentration of the particulate matter is measured. This method is limited by the purity and particle size of the particles. When the particle size distribution and refractive index of the particles change, the parameter values also need to be corrected. Therefore, this method cannot automatically and stably determine the particle concentration due to the influence of environmental changes. , the error is large.
β射线法原理为：粉尘颗粒物吸收β射线的量与粒子质量成正比关系，根据β射线吸收的多少可间接计算出颗粒物的质量浓度，β射线吸收法不受粉尘粒子大小及颜色的影响，但受颗粒物成分的影响较大，如颗粒物中含有放射性元素时，测量受到干扰，准确性变差，且其成本高，仪器复杂，测量及应用受限。The principle of the β-ray method is: the amount of β-ray absorbed by dust particles is proportional to the particle mass, and the mass concentration of the particle can be calculated indirectly according to the amount of β-ray absorption. The β-ray absorption method is not affected by the size and color of dust particles, but It is greatly affected by the composition of the particulate matter. For example, when the particulate matter contains radioactive elements, the measurement will be interfered, the accuracy will be deteriorated, and the cost is high, the instrument is complicated, and the measurement and application are limited.
微谐振法原理为：滤膜随着震荡管上部以固定的频率振动，当样气穿过滤膜时，粒子会被过滤在滤膜上，这就改变了滤膜的重量，从而导致震荡系统的震荡频率减小，通过求解采样前后的频率差，根据相关公式即可求得样气的质量浓度。The principle of the micro-resonance method is: the filter membrane vibrates at a fixed frequency with the upper part of the oscillating tube. When the sample gas passes through the filter membrane, the particles will be filtered on the filter membrane, which changes the weight of the filter membrane, resulting in the vibration of the oscillating system. The oscillation frequency is reduced, and the mass concentration of the sample gas can be obtained according to the relevant formula by solving the frequency difference before and after sampling.
CN203949849U的实用新型专利公开了一种测量颗粒物质量浓度的检测装置，利用β射线法对光散射测量模块进行适时校正，虽然可以改善光散射法受颗粒物颜色等影响因数的干扰，但含有放射性元素的颗粒物大小、纯度同样会随时变化，误差仍然在很多情况下存在，另一方面，β射线质量分辨率低，响应速度慢，影响了测量效率。The utility model patent of CN203949849U discloses a detection device for measuring the mass concentration of particulate matter. The β-ray method is used to correct the light scattering measurement module in a timely manner. Although it can improve the interference of the light scattering method by the influence factors such as the color of the particulate matter, the particle containing radioactive elements The particle size and purity will also change at any time, and errors still exist in many cases. On the other hand, the β-ray mass resolution is low and the response speed is slow, which affects the measurement efficiency.
可见，各种方法都有优缺点，一种方法测量结果难以真实反应实际颗粒物质量浓度，结果也难以使人信服，但目前并没有一种方法及装置能科学综合各种方法的优点，同时避免缺点，准确、高效、简易的测量颗粒物浓度，因此，研究开发普适于各种颗粒物、而无需频繁修正参数，即可快速、高效、自动检测颗粒物浓度的装置和方法是本领域亟需解决的技术问题。It can be seen that various methods have advantages and disadvantages. It is difficult for the measurement results of one method to truly reflect the actual particle mass concentration, and the results are also unconvincing. However, there is currently no method and device that can scientifically synthesize the advantages of various methods while avoiding the Disadvantages, accurate, efficient, and simple measurement of particle concentration, therefore, research and development of devices and methods that are generally applicable to various particles without frequent parameter corrections, which can quickly, efficiently and automatically detect particle concentration are urgently needed in this field. technical problem.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有检测颗粒物浓度的装置及方法成本高、受环境影响大、参数需频繁修正、结果误差大的技术问题，本发明提供一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置及方法，通过在待测气路上并列设置光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元，首先以光散射法多次测量，根据多次测量结果的残余误差与标准偏差的大小确定待测气路需要微谐振测量矫正的情况，进一步将两种方法分别得到的浓度平均值及测量误差进行融合计算，最后得到待测气路中的颗粒物质量浓度。In order to solve the technical problems of the existing device and method for detecting the concentration of particulate matter, such as high cost, great influence on the environment, frequent correction of parameters, and large error in results, the present invention provides a device and method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter. The light scattering measurement unit and the microresonance measurement unit are set side by side on the road. First, the light scattering method is used for multiple measurements. According to the residual error and standard deviation of the multiple measurement results, it is determined that the gas path to be tested needs microresonance measurement and correction. The average concentration and measurement error obtained by the two methods are fused and calculated, and finally the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path to be tested is obtained.
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置，包括待测气路、气流驱动装置和设置在待测气路上的光散射测量单元和流量计量单元及配套的控制处理器，关键在于，还包括与光散射测量单元设置在同一待测气路上的微谐振测量单元，所述微谐振测量单元中包括设置在待测气路上的阻流滤膜和与阻流滤膜连接的频率检测器及控制电路，频率检测器的信号输出端与控制处理器连接。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a device for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter, including a gas path to be tested, an airflow drive device, a light scattering measurement unit and a flow metering unit arranged on the gas path to be tested, and a supporting control processor. In that, it also includes a micro-resonance measurement unit arranged on the same gas path to be measured as the light scattering measurement unit, and the micro-resonance measurement unit includes a flow-blocking filter membrane arranged on the gas path to be measured and a frequency connected to the flow-blocking filter membrane. A detector and a control circuit, the signal output end of the frequency detector is connected with the control processor.
所述光散射测量单元中包括光源、设置在待测气路上的光学检测腔和与光学检测腔连接的散射光检测器，所述散射光检测器的信号输出端与控制处理器连接。The light scattering measurement unit includes a light source, an optical detection cavity arranged on the gas path to be measured, and a scattered light detector connected to the optical detection cavity, and a signal output end of the scattered light detector is connected to a control processor.
所述光源为白色LED灯光源。The light source is a white LED light source.
所述散射光检测器为光电倍增管；The scattered light detector is a photomultiplier tube;
所述待测气路起始段借助电磁阀连接高效过滤器；所述气流驱动装置中包括设置在待测气路末端的采样泵，所述采样泵信号输入端与控制处理器连接。The initial section of the air path to be tested is connected to a high-efficiency filter by means of a solenoid valve; the air flow drive device includes a sampling pump arranged at the end of the air path to be tested, and the signal input end of the sampling pump is connected to the control processor.
所述控制处理器连接有LCD显示屏、温湿度传感器和大气传感器。The control processor is connected with an LCD display, a temperature and humidity sensor and an atmospheric sensor.
一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的方法，基于上述任一检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter, based on any of the above-mentioned devices for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter, said method comprising the following steps:
①收集待测气路中的样本，光散射测量单元连续n次检测待测气路中颗粒物产生的散射光，计算每次检测的颗粒物质量浓度x1,x2,…xi…xn，计算颗粒物质量浓度均值残余误差标准偏差其中xi表示第i次检测所得颗粒物质量浓度，vi表示第i次检测所得颗粒物质量浓度与颗粒物质量浓度均值的差；① Collect samples in the gas path to be tested, and the light scattering measurement unit continuously detects the scattered light generated by particles in the gas path to be tested n times, and calculates the particle mass concentration x 1 , x 2 ,… xi …x n for each detection, Calculation of the mean particle mass concentration residual error standard deviation Among them, x i represents the particle mass concentration obtained in the i-th detection, and v i represents the difference between the particle mass concentration obtained in the i-th detection and the mean value of the particle mass concentration;
②比较|vi|与3S(xn)，若|vi|均不大于标准偏差则待测气路(1)中颗粒物质量浓度为结束；② Compare |v i | with 3S(x n ), if none of |v i | is greater than the standard deviation Then the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path (1) to be tested is End;
若|vi|中有大于3S(xn)的值，则进行步骤③；If there is a value greater than 3S(x n ) in |v i |, proceed to step ③;
③分别以光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元连续m次检测待测气路中的颗粒物质量浓度，计算光散射测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值X、光散射测量单元测量误差A、微谐振测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值Y及微谐振测量单元测量误差B，根据融合计算得待测气路中颗粒物质量浓度Z，结束。③ Use the light scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit to continuously detect the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path for m times, and calculate the average value X of the particle mass concentration measured by the light-scattering measurement unit, the measurement error A of the light-scattering measurement unit, and the micro-resonance The average value Y of the particle mass concentration measured by the measurement unit and the measurement error B of the micro-resonance measurement unit, according to The mass concentration Z of particulate matter in the gas path to be tested is obtained through fusion calculation, and the end is completed.
所述光散射测量单元测量误差A和/或微谐振测量单元测量误差B为高斯白噪声统计结果。The measurement error A of the light scattering measurement unit and/or the measurement error B of the microresonance measurement unit are statistical results of Gaussian white noise.
优选的，所述n＞10，所述m＞10。Preferably, said n>10, said m>10.
上述技术方案中，一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置，包括待测气路及其气流驱动装置，在待测气路上设置有光散射测量单元和流量计量单元及配套的控制处理器，控制处理器控制气流驱动装置工作，使气流颗粒物进入待测气路，关键在于，在待测气路上设置有微谐振测量单元，微谐振测量单元与光散射测量单元设置在同一待测气路上，用于测量该气路中的颗粒物质量浓度，并在颗粒物状态只以光散射测量单元测量偏差较大时进行矫正，所述微谐振测量单元中包括阻流滤膜、与阻流滤膜连接的频率检测器和配套的控制电路，阻流滤膜设置在待测气路上，用于承载待测气路中的颗粒物，并借助频率检测器检测，频率检测器的信号输出端与控制处理器连接。本装置中包含了作为测量模块的光散射测量单元和作为矫正模块的微谐振测量单元，是一种融合法测量系统，综合了光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元的优势，测量准确度高，可靠性好。基于上述装置，本发明提供了测量颗粒物质量浓度的方法，通过根据待测气路中颗粒物状态精确选用不同测量模式，首先以光散射测量法连续n次测量颗粒物质量浓度，并计算颗粒物质量浓度均值残余误差标准偏差其中xi表示第i次检测所得颗粒物质量浓度，vi表示第i次检测所得颗粒物质量浓度与颗粒物质量浓度均值的差；若所有的残余误差绝对值|vi|均不大于标准偏差则认定该待测气路中颗粒物较为规则，光散射测量方法适用度高，待测气路中颗粒物质量浓度为测量结束；若残余误差绝对值|vi|中有一个或多个大于3S(xn)的值，则认为当前待测气路只用光散射测量方法会造成测量结果偏差较大，需要以微谐振测量方法矫正，此时，分别以光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元连续m次检测待测气路中的颗粒物质量浓度，根据计算机系统自动计算的光散射测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值为X、光散射测量单元测量误差为A、微谐振测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值Y、微谐振测量单元测量误差B，进一步根据公式融合计算Z，实现两个数据融合的最优估计，Z即为待测气路中颗粒物质量浓度，测量结束，该方法是一种融合测量法，光散射法测量单元及光散射法可提高整体测量系统的时间分辨率，微谐振测量单元提高了系统稳定性，克服了单纯光散射测量方法受颗粒的物理、化学及流动特性的影响，弥补微谐振长效测量时间的不足。In the above technical solution, a device for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter includes a gas path to be tested and its airflow drive device, and a light scattering measurement unit, a flow measurement unit and a supporting control processor are arranged on the gas path to be tested, and the control processor The key to controlling the operation of the airflow drive device so that the airflow particles enter the gas path to be tested is that a micro-resonance measurement unit is installed on the gas path to be tested, and the micro-resonance measurement unit and the light scattering measurement unit are set on the same gas path to be tested. The mass concentration of particulate matter in the air path is corrected when the particle state is only measured with a large deviation by the light scattering measurement unit. The micro-resonance measurement unit includes a flow-blocking filter membrane and a frequency detector connected to the flow-blocking filter membrane. With the supporting control circuit, the blocking filter membrane is set on the gas path to be tested, and is used to carry the particulate matter in the gas path to be tested, and is detected by means of a frequency detector, and the signal output terminal of the frequency detector is connected to the control processor. This device includes a light scattering measurement unit as a measurement module and a micro-resonance measurement unit as a correction module. It is a fusion method measurement system that combines the advantages of the light scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit. The measurement accuracy is high. Good reliability. Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention provides a method for measuring the mass concentration of particulate matter. By accurately selecting different measurement modes according to the state of the particulate matter in the gas path to be measured, the mass concentration of the particulate matter is first continuously measured n times by the light scattering measurement method, and the average value of the mass concentration of the particulate matter is calculated. residual error standard deviation Among them, x i represents the particle mass concentration obtained in the i-th detection, and v i represents the difference between the particle mass concentration obtained in the i-th detection and the mean value of the particle mass concentration; if the absolute value of all residual errors |v i | is not greater than the standard deviation It is determined that the particulate matter in the gas path to be tested is relatively regular, the light scattering measurement method is highly applicable, and the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path to be tested is The measurement is over; if there are one or more values greater than 3S(x n ) in the absolute value of the residual error |v i |, it is considered that the current gas path to be tested only uses the light scattering measurement method, which will cause a large deviation in the measurement results, and it is necessary to use The micro-resonance measurement method is corrected. At this time, the light-scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit are used to continuously detect the particle mass concentration in the gas path to be measured for m times, and the average particle mass concentration measured by the light-scattering measurement unit is automatically calculated by the computer system. The value is X, the measurement error of the light scattering measurement unit is A, the average value of the particle mass concentration measured by the micro-resonance measurement unit Y, and the measurement error of the micro-resonance measurement unit B, further according to the formula The fusion calculation Z realizes the optimal estimation of the two data fusions. Z is the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path to be measured. After the measurement is completed, this method is a fusion measurement method. The light scattering method measurement unit and the light scattering method can improve the overall The time resolution of the measurement system, the micro-resonance measurement unit improves the stability of the system, overcomes the influence of the physical, chemical and flow characteristics of the particles in the simple light scattering measurement method, and makes up for the lack of long-term measurement time of the micro-resonance.
本发明的有益效果是：(1)本发明中的装置及方法基于共用一套气路的光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元，保证两种方法待测样品条件一致，待测气路稳定规则时采用光散射法测量；侧处值不稳定时，采用微谐振法与光散射测量方法结构进行融合计算，质量分辨率高，响应速度快；(2)本装置和方法广泛适用于各种气路，克服了单纯光散射测量方法受颗粒的物理、化学及流动特性的影响，测量结果准确可靠。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The device and method in the present invention are based on a light scattering measurement unit and a micro-resonance measurement unit sharing a set of gas paths, ensuring that the conditions of the samples to be measured by the two methods are consistent, and the gas paths to be measured are stable and regular The light scattering method is used to measure; when the side value is unstable, the micro-resonance method and the light scattering measurement method structure are used for fusion calculation, with high mass resolution and fast response speed; (2) This device and method are widely applicable to various gas It overcomes the influence of the physical, chemical and flow characteristics of the particles in the simple light scattering measurement method, and the measurement results are accurate and reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明测量颗粒物质量浓度的检测装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the detecting device of measuring particle mass concentration of the present invention;
图中，1代表待测尘路、2代表高效过滤器，3代表光源，4代表光学检测腔，5代表散射光检测器，6代表激励电路，7代表滤膜，8代表流量计，9代表采样泵，10代表频率检测器，11代表处理器，12代表输入输出模块，13代表温湿度传感器，14代表大气压传感器。In the figure, 1 represents the dust path to be tested, 2 represents the high-efficiency filter, 3 represents the light source, 4 represents the optical detection cavity, 5 represents the scattered light detector, 6 represents the excitation circuit, 7 represents the filter membrane, 8 represents the flow meter, and 9 represents the Sampling pump, 10 represents a frequency detector, 11 represents a processor, 12 represents an input and output module, 13 represents a temperature and humidity sensor, and 14 represents an atmospheric pressure sensor.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置及方法，以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明以更好的理解。The present invention provides a device and method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter. The present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples for better understanding.
实施例1Example 1
一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置，包括待测气路1、气流驱动装置和设置在待测气路1上的光散射测量单元和流量计量单元及配套的控制处理器，还包括与光散射测量单元设置在同一待测气路上的微谐振测量单元，所述微谐振测量单元中包括设置在待测气路上的阻流滤膜7和与阻流滤膜7连接的频率检测器10及控制电路，频率检测器10的信号输出端与控制处理器连接。A device for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter, including a gas path to be tested 1, an airflow driving device, a light scattering measurement unit and a flow metering unit arranged on the gas path 1 to be tested, and a supporting control processor, and also includes a light scattering measurement unit The unit is set on the same micro-resonance measurement unit on the gas path to be tested, and the micro-resonance measurement unit includes a blocking filter 7 arranged on the gas path to be measured and a frequency detector 10 connected to the blocking filter 7 and a control circuit , the signal output terminal of the frequency detector 10 is connected with the control processor.
所述光散射测量单元中包括光源3、设置在待测气路1上的光学检测腔4和与光学检测腔4连接的散射光检测器5，所述散射光检测器5的信号输出端与控制处理器连接。光源3优选白色LED灯光源。The light scattering measurement unit includes a light source 3, an optical detection cavity 4 arranged on the gas path 1 to be measured, and a scattered light detector 5 connected to the optical detection cavity 4, and the signal output terminal of the scattered light detector 5 is connected to the Control processor connection. The light source 3 is preferably a white LED light source.
所述散射光检测器5为光电倍增管；The scattered light detector 5 is a photomultiplier tube;
所述待测气路1起始段借助电磁阀连接高效过滤器2；在控制处理器的控制下，可电磁阀的设置可控制入口气流是否先经过高效过滤器12，仪器校零时，控制电磁阀使入口气流先通过高效过滤器12，可去除大气中的颗粒物，保证校零精度；在测量颗粒物浓度时则转动控制电磁阀，使气流进入待测气路1.。The initial section of the gas path 1 to be tested is connected to the high-efficiency filter 2 by means of a solenoid valve; under the control of the control processor, the setting of the solenoid valve can control whether the inlet air flow passes through the high-efficiency filter 12 first, and when the instrument is zeroed, the control The solenoid valve allows the inlet air to pass through the high-efficiency filter 12 first, which can remove particulate matter in the atmosphere and ensure the accuracy of zero calibration; when measuring the concentration of particulate matter, turn the control solenoid valve to allow the air flow to enter the gas path 1 to be measured.
所述气流驱动装置中包括设置在待测气路1末端的采样泵9，所述采样泵9信号输入端与控制处理器连接，控制处理器控制采样泵9工作，待测气路1内形成附压，从而保证光散射测量单元和/或微谐振测量单元充分采集待测气流的样品。The gas flow driving device includes a sampling pump 9 arranged at the end of the gas path 1 to be tested, the signal input end of the sampling pump 9 is connected to the control processor, and the control processor controls the work of the sampling pump 9, and the gas path 1 to be tested is formed. pressure, so as to ensure that the light-scattering measurement unit and/or the micro-resonance measurement unit sufficiently collects samples of the gas flow to be measured.
处理器11连接有LCD显示屏，键盘等人机交互模块。LCD显示屏用于将处理结果实时显示；在大气颗粒物检测中，气象参数对测量结果有一定影响，处理器11连接的温湿度传感器13、大气传感器14实时记录气象参数，以供查看和数据修正。The processor 11 is connected with human-computer interaction modules such as an LCD display screen and a keyboard. The LCD display screen is used to display the processing results in real time; in the detection of atmospheric particulate matter, the meteorological parameters have a certain influence on the measurement results, and the temperature and humidity sensor 13 and the atmospheric sensor 14 connected to the processor 11 record the meteorological parameters in real time for viewing and data correction .
基于上述装置，本实施例以标准实验粉尘检测本装置所测量的颗粒物质量浓度的准确性，一种检测颗粒物质量浓度的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：Based on the above-mentioned device, the present embodiment uses standard experimental dust to detect the accuracy of the mass concentration of particulate matter measured by the device, a method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter, the method comprising the following steps:
控制环境相对湿度小于80％RH，温度为20±5℃，采用实地采集的较高浓度粉尘为待测样本，开启气流驱动装置，使待测粉尘形成气流通过待测气路1，检测时间大于4h，首先以光散射测量单元连续10次检测散射光，控制处理器自动计算后结果如下表1：The relative humidity of the control environment is less than 80% RH, and the temperature is 20±5°C. The dust with a relatively high concentration collected on the spot is used as the sample to be tested, and the airflow drive device is turned on to make the dust to be tested form an airflow through the gas path 1 to be tested. The detection time is longer than 4h, firstly, the scattered light is detected continuously 10 times by the light scattering measurement unit, and the result after automatic calculation by the control processor is shown in Table 1:
表1光散射测量单元测量结果Table 1 Measurement results of light scattering measurement unit
比较发现，所有|vi|均不大于3S(xn)，因此，待测气路1中颗粒物质量浓度平均值，即15.26mg/m3。It is found by comparison that all |v i |s are not greater than 3S(x n ), therefore, the average mass concentration of particulate matter in gas path 1 to be tested is 15.26 mg/m 3 .
实施例2Example 2
控制环境相对湿度小于80％RH，温度为20±5℃，采用实地采集的浓度较低、均匀性较差的粉尘为待测样本，开启气流驱动装置，使待测样本分散于1m3的空气中，质量浓度调整为3.5mg/m3，进一步使待测粉尘形成气流通过待测气路1，检测时间大于4h，首先以光散射测量单元连续10次检测散射光，控制处理器自动计算后结果如下表2：The relative humidity of the control environment is less than 80% RH, and the temperature is 20±5°C. The dust with low concentration and poor uniformity collected in the field is used as the sample to be tested, and the airflow drive device is turned on to disperse the sample to be tested in 1m3 of air In the process, the mass concentration is adjusted to 3.5mg/m 3 , and the dust to be tested is further formed to form an airflow to pass through the gas path 1 to be tested. The detection time is longer than 4 hours. The results are shown in Table 2 below:
表2光散射测量单元测量结果Table 2 Measurement results of light scattering measurement unit
比较发现，以光散射法测量结果显示浓度平均值为3.18，与3.5mg/m3差距较大，且残余误差中|vi|大于3S(xn)，因此，只以光散射测量单元测量该待测粉尘适用性较低，主要是由于粉尘形状、颗粒大小等引起偏差较大，测量值精准度较差，需要以本发明包括光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元的装置及方法进行测量，即进行融合法测量。控制处理器控制光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元分别连续10次检测待测气路1中的颗粒物质量浓度，计算光散射测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值X、光散射测量单元测量误差A、微谐振测量单元测量的颗粒物质量浓度平均值Y及微谐振测量单元测量误差B，控制处理器对误差进行统计分析发现，所述光散射测量单元测量误差A和/微谐振测量单元测量误差B为高斯白噪声，根据融合计算得待测气路(1)中颗粒物质量浓度Z，结果如下表3.By comparison, it was found that the average value of the concentration measured by the light scattering method was 3.18, which was quite different from 3.5 mg/m 3 , and |v i | in the residual error was greater than 3S(x n ), so it was only measured by the light scattering measurement unit The applicability of the dust to be measured is low, mainly due to the relatively large deviation caused by the shape and particle size of the dust, and the accuracy of the measured value is poor. It needs to be measured with the device and method of the present invention including a light scattering measurement unit and a micro-resonance measurement unit. , which is measured by the fusion method. The control processor controls the light scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit to continuously detect the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path 1 to be tested 10 times respectively, and calculate the average value X of the particle mass concentration measured by the light scattering measurement unit and the measurement error A of the light scattering measurement unit , the average value Y of the particle mass concentration measured by the micro-resonance measurement unit and the measurement error B of the micro-resonance measurement unit, the control processor performs statistical analysis on the error and finds that the measurement error A of the light scattering measurement unit and/or the measurement error B of the micro-resonance measurement unit Gaussian white noise, according to The mass concentration Z of particulate matter in the gas path (1) to be tested is obtained through fusion calculation, and the results are shown in Table 3.
表3检测结果及融合计算Table 3 Detection results and fusion calculation
将上述浓度平均值及误差数据代入公式融合计算，测得待测气路(1)中颗粒物质量浓度为10.03，该结果测量的标准粉尘的浓度值波动更小，方差远远小于光散射测量法，相对精准度高、可靠性好。Substitute the above average concentration and error data into the formula Fusion calculations show that the mass concentration of particulate matter in the gas path (1) to be tested is 10.03, and the concentration value of the standard dust measured by this result has smaller fluctuations, and the variance is far smaller than that of the light scattering measurement method, with high relative accuracy and good reliability.
上述测量表面本发明提供的检测颗粒物质量浓度的装置及方法适用于各种颗粒物质量浓度的检测，检测偏差小，准确度高。The above measurement surface The device and method for detecting the mass concentration of particulate matter provided by the present invention are suitable for detecting the mass concentration of various particulate matter, with small detection deviation and high accuracy.
实施例3Example 3
①控制环境相对湿度小于80％RH，温度为20±5℃，采用标准的实验粉尘(ISO12103)，分别通过光散射法测量系统及本发明的包括光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元的融合测量法系统，采用时间8h以上，分别测得标准粉尘的浓度值，实验数据如下：①The relative humidity of the control environment is less than 80% RH, the temperature is 20±5°C, and standard experimental dust (ISO12103) is used, respectively, through the light scattering measurement system and the fusion measurement including the light scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit of the present invention Method system, using time of more than 8 hours, respectively measured the concentration of standard dust, the experimental data are as follows:
表1标准粉尘检测的实验数据Table 1 Experimental data of standard dust detection
上述结果可见，光散射测量法所测平均值及方差均较大，以本发明的包括光散射测量单元和微谐振测量单元的融合测量法系统测量的标准粉尘的浓度值波动更小，方差远远小于光散射测量法，相对精准度高、可靠性好。It can be seen from the above results that the measured average value and variance of the light scattering measurement method are larger, and the concentration value fluctuation of the standard dust measured by the fusion measurement method system comprising the light scattering measurement unit and the micro-resonance measurement unit of the present invention is smaller, and the variance is far away. Far smaller than the light scattering measurement method, the relative accuracy is high and the reliability is good.
为了保证作为测量模块的光散射测量单元和作为校准模块的微谐振测量单元有相同的精度和里程，可以通过控制光源4的发光强度和后续放大器的放大增益来控制。In order to ensure that the light scattering measurement unit as the measurement module and the microresonance measurement unit as the calibration module have the same accuracy and mileage, it can be controlled by controlling the luminous intensity of the light source 4 and the amplification gain of the subsequent amplifier.
通过上述实施例可见，本发明提供的装置和方法不受气流、颗粒形状等影响，适用于测量各种颗粒物质量浓度，检测准确度高，可靠性好。It can be seen from the above examples that the device and method provided by the present invention are not affected by air flow, particle shape, etc., are suitable for measuring the mass concentration of various particulate matter, and have high detection accuracy and good reliability.
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