CN107576256A - A kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107576256A CN107576256A CN201710879692.5A CN201710879692A CN107576256A CN 107576256 A CN107576256 A CN 107576256A CN 201710879692 A CN201710879692 A CN 201710879692A CN 107576256 A CN107576256 A CN 107576256A
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002889 diamagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009125 negative feedback regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing, belongs to geophysics.Including control system and magnetic suspension system and contactless displacement system three parts.Control system includes controller, Hall detector, power amplifier, UPS and computer.Magnetic suspension system and contactless displacement system are arranged in magnetic shielding cover, and magnetic suspension system is made up of the adjustable suspension magnet being spaced.Contain monocular camera and suspension magnet in contactless displacement system, coordinating with magnetic suspension system to be suspended in magnetic shielding cover.Monocular camera shooting positioned at magnetic shielding cover bottom multiple target circles detect earthquake to computer caused by move.The present invention effective in earthquake time-continuing process, real can obtain earth's surface absolute displacement, composition missing problem in the integral algorithm of acceleration baseline drift and calculating displacement is avoided, can meet in the follow-up disaster relief and research work the needs of to Ground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance motion parameter data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of physical geography, and in particular to a kind of based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing
Magnetic suspension earthquake absolute displacement transducer.
Background technology
The energy of earthquake is discharged in the form of seismic wave, and big earthquake often produces stronger ground fortune near near field
It is dynamic, surface buildingses are caused with very big destruction.Earthquake disaster is very serious as caused by this destruction at present in China.Establish
Effective measures come the wherein more crucial place of protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters and seek to go deep into understanding strong ground motion characteristic, on this basis
Could effectively research and development earthquake resistant engineering method and technology, mitigate all kinds of engineering structures eaerthquake damage and its caused by it is economical
Loss and casualties.It is the Main Means for recognizing strong earthquake motion feature that strong motion in-motion viewing, which is surveyed,.The physical quantity of measurement is main
It is acceleration directly related to seismic force.
Characteristic in terms of in order to further appreciate that focus and tomography, displacement are quite crucial information.In theory by accelerating
Degree step-by-step integral can obtain speed time-histories, and integration obtains displacement time-histories again.Yet with a variety of causes, most typical situation is
Ground inclination, the baseline drift in terms of acceleration can be brought, the speed time-histories and displacement time-histories so integrated out is all inaccurate,
It is even not available.Forward position research in terms of survey shake in recent years starts to introduce the equipment such as gyroscope GPS to measure earthquake motion
Rotational component.But gyroscope is similar with accelerometer all to have baseline drift, and GPS technology, which exists, lacks azimuth information, more
The problem of newly frequency is low.
Will deeper into understanding ground motion various characteristics and more detailed inverting focus and fault information, it is necessary to it is prominent
Existing ground motion observation procedure is broken, there is an urgent need to one kind design is relatively easy, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide precision is higher in seismic process
Absolute displacement data instrument.But nowadays at home and abroad there is no it is this be directed to earthquake, can accurately measure earthquake and continue
The sensor of earth's surface absolute displacement in journey.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed in earthquake time-continuing process, at present still without suitable for measurement earth's surface absolute displacement
A kind of present situation of sensor, there is provided magnetic suspension earthquake absolute displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing.
The present invention to achieve the above object, adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing, including control system, magnetic suspension system,
Contactless displacement system, wherein, the control system is made up of controller, Hall detector, power amplifier, computer；
Magnetic suspension system and the contactless displacement system is located in the magnetic shielding cover made by ferrimagnet, the magnetic shielding cover
Fixed using high magnetic conductance metal anchor bolt with ground；The magnetic suspension system is arranged side by side more than two by horizontal direction
Suspension magnet is formed, and each suspension magnet is suspended vacantly in magnetic shielding cover by line slideway respectively, is hanged between each suspension magnet
The Hall detector is hung, each Hall detector measures the change in the magnetic suspension system magnetic field, and its measurement signal is transferred to institute
Controller is stated, controller straight line according to the signal of Hall detector generation control signal through the power amplifier control is led
Stepper motor in rail drives corresponding suspension magnet to move horizontally, and the controller includes electric signal switching to data signal
Signal adapter, Arduino e-platforms, the ups power that negative-feedback circuit and closed loop control function can be achieved；It is described non-to connect
Touch displacement system is located at below the magnetic suspension system, by the monocular phase being fixed together with a suspension ndfeb magnet
Machine, and target circle composition, the magnetic pole of the wherein magnetic pole of suspension magnet and suspension magnet in the magnetic suspension system coordinate, and make list
Mesh camera is suspended in magnetic shielding cover, and the camera lens of monocular camera sets one towards the bottom surface of magnetic shielding cover, the bottom surface of magnetic shielding cover
The evenly spaced target circle is arranged, the signal wire of monocular camera is connected with the computer；Above-mentioned each connecting line is described in
All pass through magnetic screen pipe during magnetic shielding cover.
The suspension magnet is the thick middle thin cylindrical ndfeb magnet with a tight waist in two, and its outer wrap has by soft iron
Covering made of magnetic material.
The magnetic shielding cover is combined by outer cover with bottom plate to be formed, and outer cover is spelled with bottom plate junction using convex groove technology
Connect, and in the multiple through holes of tongue and groove side arrangement, junction is fastened using fixing bolt by through hole；And in magnetic screen
The outer cover of cover and the outer cover of bottom plate junction install through hole piece additional simultaneously with plate outer side, using fixing bolt and nut by magnetic screen
The outer cover of cover is reinforced again with bottom plate, increases magnetic permeability metallic packing ring between bolts and nuts；High magnetic is utilized in bottom plate corner
Metal anchor bolt is led to fix magnetic shielding cover and ground.
The preferred number of suspension magnet quantity is 4 in the magnetic suspension system, and only outermost two suspension magnets peace
On the line slideway, middle suspension magnet is hung by fix bar and set.
The interval of each target circle is the 1/6 of the magnetic shielding cover sole length.
Advantages of the present invention and effect are：Present invention employs untouchable displacement measurement technology and magnetic suspension skill
Art, physics, mechanical displacement measuring technology compared to routine have measuring accuracy high and can effectively eliminate due to contact and
Between caused test error and machinery the advantages that phase mutual friction, while there is stronger anti-electromagnetic interference capability, stability is good,
And multiple target circles can be corrected to measurement data, to obtain more accurate result.The present invention has not only filled up at present still
It is not applied to measure the blank of earth's surface absolute displacement instrument during geological process, and is inverting Earth focus and tomography
The research work of information, the various characteristics for recognizing ground motion provides higher precision, larger range of data.Present invention design
Ingenious, composition is simple in construction, also has good evocation to Other Engineering vibration-testing field.
Brief description of the drawings
A kind of example structure schematic diagrams of the displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing of Fig. 1；
The cross-section structure and schematic diagram of suspension magnet in Fig. 2 Fig. 1 embodiment；
The structure chart of target circle in Fig. 3 Fig. 1 embodiment；
The structural representation of magnetic screen pipe in Fig. 4 Fig. 1 embodiment；
Magnetic shielding cover outer cover and the structural representation of bottom plate junction in Fig. 5 Fig. 1 embodiment；
The structural representation of fixing bolt in Fig. 6 Fig. 1 embodiment.
Fig. 7 Fig. 1 embodiment middle guide structure and diagrammatic cross-section.
Label in figure：1- signal adapters；2-Arduino e-platforms；3-UPS power supplys；4- computers；5- fixing ends
Cap；6- hubs；7- power amplifiers；8- Hall detectors；9- ndfeb magnets；10- coverings；11- monocular cameras；12- is marked
Target is justified；The high magnetic conductance metal anchor bolts of 13-；14- line slideways；15- control systems；16- magnetic suspension systems；17- is contactless
Displacement system；18- magnetic shielding covers；19- guide rail slide blocks；20- magnetic screen pipes；21- grooves；22- tongues；23- through holes；24- through holes
Piece；The high magnetic conductance metal bolts of 25-；26- nuts；27- high magnetic permeability metal washers；28- stepper motors.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated by embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention proposes a kind of magnetic suspension earthquake absolute displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing,
Including control system 15, magnetic suspension system 16, contactless displacement system 17, magnetic shielding cover 18, as shown in Figure 1.
The control system 15 is made up of controller, Hall detector 8, power amplifier 7, computer 4.Wherein, control
Device includes electric signal switching to the signal adapter 1 of data signal, negative-feedback circuit and closed loop control function can be achieved
Arduino e-platforms 2, ups power 3, controller is using the theoretical negative-feedback principle of automatic control system, even output is played
With inputting opposite effect, reduce system output and the error of aims of systems, system tends towards stability, played in the present invention logical
Overregulate the stability that current control magnetic force ensures magnetic suspension system.Closed loop circuit belongs to cybernatic content, can be according to defeated
Go out result and constantly adjust signal intensity make it that control accuracy is higher.The magnetic field that Hall detector 8 is detected in magnetic suspension system 16 becomes
Change, there is provided detection signal.The magnetic induction intensity in magnetic field in the output control signal of power amplifier 7 adjustment magnetic suspension system 16.UPS
Power supply 3 is used in earthquake generating process such as run into power-off, the sustainable normal work powered and then ensure system of ups power.Meter
Calculation machine 4 receives the dynamic video for the target circle that monocular camera 11 gathers, and the continuous static image after framing is handled to obtain
Real displacement, and the setting justified according to remaining multiple target, principal mark target circle identification data is corrected, to obtain precision more
High displacement data.
The suspension magnet 9 and line slideway 14 that the magnetic suspension system 16 is set by four horizontal Tiles are formed, and four outstanding
Two suspension magnets 9 among in floating magnet 9 are suspended in the magnetic shielding cover 18 with rigid rod, two suspension magnets of both sides
9 are separately fixed on two guide rail slide blocks 19 of two line slideways 14, and two line slideways 14 are horizontal to be coaxially oppositely arranged, and two
One end of individual line slideway 14 is separately fixed in two side walls relative in the magnetic shielding cover 18, and makes two guide rail slide blocks
Suspension magnet 9 and middle two 9 flush arrangements of suspension magnet on 19, moreover, the stepper motor 28 on two guide rail slide blocks 19
Guide rail slide block 19 can be driven to be moved left and right along guide rail level.Each suspention sets a Hall to detect between each suspension magnet 9
Device 8.Wherein, Hall detector 8 is connected with controller；Stepper motor in line slideway 14 is connected with power amplifier 7.Wherein
Suspension magnet 9 use following structure and parameter：
As shown in Fig. 2 suspension magnet 9 takes magnet most using the thick middle thin cylindrical ndfeb magnet with a tight waist in two
Stable magnetic aligning is corresponding with most long sectional dimension direction, i.e. x-axis direction in Fig. 2.Magnetic field is set to keep the magnetic strength of maximum plateau
Answer intensity to emulate by computer-aided to determine with Landau-Lifschitz equations, that is, solve equation below：
Wherein, M is magnetization vector, and Heff is the effective magnetic field for containing anisotropic terms and noise item, and t is the time, r generations
Table three dimensional space coordinate, λ are damping parameter, and γ is gyromagnetic constant.
Magnet surrounding layer provides the additional magnetic stability of magnet, protects magnet not by outside air oxide etch.Covering 10
It is made up of soft ferromagnetic material, is continuous package status in magnet integral outer, no interruption and space.
The contactless displacement system 17 is by the monocular camera that is fixed as one with suspension magnet 9, and 11 and target circle
Form.The suspension magnet 9 that four in parallel in magnetic suspension system 16 produces magnetic field so that gravity of contactless displacement system 17 etc.
The attraction caused by suspension magnet in magnetic suspension system 16, ensure that monocular camera 11 is in static suspended state.When monocular phase
When machine 11 is in nonequilibrium condition, Hall detector 8 detects changes of magnetic field, and measurement electric signal is transmitted into controller, controller
In Arduino e-platforms 2 will measure electric signal and be converted into controllable current, and transmitted by power amplifier 7 to stepping electricity
Machine 28, drive mobile sliding block 19 and then adjust the increase of suspension magnet spacing or reduce attraction so that monocular camera 11 is in original
Equilbrium position.The camera lens of monocular camera 11 is towards the bottom of magnetic shielding cover 18.Place and mark every same distance in the bottom of magnetic shielding cover 18
Target circle 12, the interval of each target circle is the 1/6 of the magnetic shielding cover sole length, as shown in Figure 3.Monocular camera 11 can gather
Dynamic video simultaneously carries out video data transmission to computer 4.Subsequent treatment software carries out framing simultaneously to video file in computer 4
Continuous static image sequence is formed, by Image Edge-Detection, target circle 12 in image can be identified, and then obtain the center of circle and sit
Mark and radius.The central coordinate of circle of the target circle 12 detected is stored successively by putting in order for continuous static picture, you can is obtained
The level in the center of circle of target circle 12, vertical displacement time-history curves in image space；Pass through uncalibrated image pixel and actual image again
The relation of coordinate, you can obtain real displacement of the target circle under changing coordinates.Multiple targets circle 12 of the face of monocular camera 11
Analyze data source can be used as, is analyzed by more targets, realizes test data optimization and minimal error.The output of monocular camera 11
It is connected with the computer 4 in the control system 15, signal wire is sealed using the diamagnetic material covering of lightweight.
The magnetic shielding cover 18 is combined with bottom plate by outer cover using ferrimagnet and formed.To ensure outside no magnetic flux
Let out, outer cover is spliced with bottom plate junction using convex groove technology, as shown in figure 5, in order to prevent tongue 22 in groove 21
Rock, in the multiple through holes 23 of tongue and groove side arrangement, junction is fastened using fixing bolt.Bottom plate corner utilizes high magnetic
Metal anchor bolt 13 is led to fix magnetic shielding cover 18 with ground.Generally it is better than vertically due to horizontally shaking destructive effects
To, therefore install through hole piece 24 additional simultaneously with plate outer side with the outer cover of bottom plate junction in the outer cover of magnetic shielding cover 18, using admittedly
Determine bolt 25 to be reinforced the outer cover of magnetic shielding cover 18 again with bottom plate with nut 26, increase magnetic conductance between bolt 25 and nut 26
Rate metal washer 27, prevent the interference of the inside magnetic dispersion of magnetic shielding cover 18 and outside various magnetic field sources, such as Fig. 6.Through magnetic cup
Cover the cables such as the data wire, signal wire, power line of cover 18 and magnetic shielding cover 18, the profit of magnetic screen pipe 20 are all passed through by magnetic screen pipe 20
It is fixed on the fixing end cap 5 being made by magnetic shielding material on magnetic shielding cover 18, magnetic screen tubular construction is as shown in Figure 4.Its
In, the gathered data circuit of monocular camera 11 is merged by hub 6 with the signal wire in control system 15 and control line, through magnetic
After radome 18, realize that circuit separates by hub 6, data wire is connected to computer 4, and signal wire is connected to controller.
Measure in the present embodiment makes measurement result more sensitive and accurate：
1. magnetic suspension system uses four suspension magnet parallel connections, ensure that monocular camera is kept under uniform and stable magnetic fields
Rest equilibrium state, prevent from causing monocular camera to be influenceed to be in by horizontal force action under the non-uniform magnetic-field due to single suspension magnet
The easily state of unstability.
2. setting multiple targets to justify in the observation of untouchable dynamic displacement, observation data are carried out using other target circles
Correction, is desirably to obtain more accurate result.
The present embodiment course of work explanation：
A kind of magnetic suspension earthquake absolute displacement sensing based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing as shown in Figure 1
Device：
Under peacetime state, powered by external power supply, ensure the normal work of each part, due to being fixed as with monocular camera 11
The suspension magnet 9 of one is attracted upwards in magnetic field caused by magnetic suspension system 16, and downward active force mutually supports with gravity
Disappear so that monocular camera 11 suspends keeps balance inactive state constant in the air.When earthquake arrives, have a power failure if met with,
Belong to control system 15 ups power 3 start to each part power supply guarantee system normal work.Now magnetic shielding cover 18 due to
Fixed with ground, corresponding motion is done with ground, because target circle 12 is fixed on magnetic shielding cover bottom, therefore done unanimously with ground
Motion.When monocular camera is in nonequilibrium condition, Hall detector 8 perceives the change in magnetic field, and electric signal is transmitted into control
Device, by negative-feedback regu- lation principle, control signal is inputed to power amplifier 7, control signal control line slideway by controller
Stepper motor 28 in 14 so that guide rail slide block 19 moves, and changes the spacing of related suspension magnet 9, promotes suspension magnet to produce
Changes of magnetic field, to adapt to the change of contactless displacement system 17, ensure that monocular camera 11 keeps the balance to suspend.Monocular phase
Machine is by collecting dynamic video to the identification that target is justified and sending data to computer 4, by computer by the company after framing
Continuous still image is handled to obtain real displacement.The setting of remaining multiple target circle can justify identification data to principal mark target and carry out
Correction, to obtain the higher displacement data of precision.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing, including control system, magnetic suspension system are non-
Contact displacement system, it is characterised in that：The control system is by controller, Hall detector, power amplifier, calculating unit
Into；Magnetic suspension system and the contactless displacement system is located in the magnetic shielding cover made by ferrimagnet, the magnetic cup
Cover is covered to fix with ground using high magnetic conductance metal anchor bolt；Be arranged side by side by horizontal direction two of the magnetic suspension system with
On suspension magnet composition, each suspension magnet is suspended vacantly in magnetic shielding cover by line slideway respectively, each suspension magnet it
Between hang the Hall detector, each Hall detector measures the change in the magnetic suspension system magnetic field, the transmission of its measurement signal
To the controller, controller is straight according to the signal of Hall detector generation control signal through the power amplifier control
Stepper motor in line guide rail drives corresponding suspension magnet to move horizontally, and the controller includes electric signal switching to digital letter
Number signal adapter, Arduino e-platforms, the ups power of negative-feedback circuit and closed loop control function can be achieved；It is described
Contactless displacement system is located at below the magnetic suspension system, by the monocular being fixed together with a suspension ndfeb magnet
Camera, and target circle are formed, and the magnetic pole of the wherein magnetic pole of suspension magnet and suspension magnet in the magnetic suspension system coordinates, and makes
Monocular camera is suspended in magnetic shielding cover, and the camera lens of monocular camera is set towards the bottom surface of magnetic shielding cover, the bottom surface of magnetic shielding cover
The evenly spaced target circle of one row, the signal wire of monocular camera are connected with the computer；Above-mentioned each connecting line passes through institute
All by magnetic screen pipe when stating magnetic shielding cover.
2. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The suspension magnet is the thick middle thin cylindrical ndfeb magnet with a tight waist in two, and its outer wrap has by soft iron magnetic
Covering made of material.
3. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing according to claim 1 or 2, it is special
Sign is：The magnetic shielding cover is combined by outer cover with bottom plate to be formed, and outer cover is spelled with bottom plate junction using convex groove technology
Connect, and in the multiple through holes of tongue and groove side arrangement, junction is fastened using fixing bolt by through hole；And in magnetic screen
The outer cover of cover and the outer cover of bottom plate junction install through hole piece additional simultaneously with plate outer side, using fixing bolt and nut by magnetic screen
The outer cover of cover is reinforced again with bottom plate, increases magnetic permeability metallic packing ring between bolts and nuts；High magnetic is utilized in bottom plate corner
Metal anchor bolt is led to fix magnetic shielding cover and ground.
4. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing according to claim 1 or 2, it is special
Sign is：The preferred number of suspension magnet quantity is 4 in the magnetic suspension system, and only outermost two suspension magnets installation
On the line slideway, middle suspension magnet is hung by fix bar and set.
5. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing according to claim 1 or 2, it is special
Sign is：The interval of each target circle is the 1/6 of the magnetic shielding cover sole length.
6. a kind of displacement transducer based on untouchable dynamic displacement method of testing according to claim 4, its feature
It is：The interval of each target circle is the 1/6 of the magnetic shielding cover sole length.
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| CN201710879692.5A CN107576256B (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | Displacement sensor based on non-contact dynamic displacement testing method |
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| CN109099828A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-28 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | The real-time acquisition system of dynamic displacement and method based on Arduino |
| CN114688959A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Detection device and detection method for horizontal displacement of test structure |
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| CN114688959A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Detection device and detection method for horizontal displacement of test structure |
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| CN107576256B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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