CN107506569B - 用于评估和干预的生活质量参数的无接触和最小接触监控 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于测量、聚合和分析使用非接触或最小接触传感器收集的数据的装置、系统和方法提供个人受试者的生活质量参数,特别是在对人类受试者的干预的对照试验(例如,药物的临床试验、或者诸如香水的消费品的评价)的背景下。特别地,可以评估诸如人类的睡眠、压力、放松、睡意、温度和情绪状态的生活质量参数的非接触或最小接触测量、以及自动化采样、存储和传送到远程数据分析中心。该系统的一个部件是以对受试者的正常行为尽可能小的扰乱来测量客观数据。该系统还可以支持旨在提高生活质量的行为和药物干预。
Description
本申请是申请号为2009801466909、发明名称为“用于评估和干预的生活质量参数的无接触和最小接触监控”的专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
本公开涉及测量、聚合和分析使用非接触或最小接触传感器以及用于捕获主观反应的装置收集的数据以提供个人受试者的生活质量参数,特别是在对人类受试者的干预的对照试验(例如,药物的临床试验、或者诸如香水的消费品的评价)的背景下。
当开发旨在提高人的生活质量(QOL)的干预时,监控QOL参数可能是重要的。生活质量参数是总体幸福感的度量,其通常被接受为对于个人对其生活的感知而言是有意义的。通常QOL标志具有基本的客观可测元素和主观相关元素的组合。具体的非限制性示例包括:
● 睡眠质量:个人可以主观报告其睡眠的好坏,并且这对其感知的QOL有影响。对于睡眠质量QOL参数,客观测量可以是睡眠时长,而主观输入可以是睡眠“有多宁静”
● 压力:个人可以报告其是否发现其当前的生活环境是有压力的。对于压力QOL参数,客观测量可以是心率或者皮质醇水平;主观元素可以是压力水平调查表
● 放松:个人可以报告放松的主观感觉,其还可以客观地与自主神经系统活动相关
● 疼痛:个人可以使用疼痛指数(诸如视觉模拟评分(Visual Analog Scale))主观地记录疼痛水平。疼痛的更客观的测量可以使用测痛计来获得
● 体温:受试者可以常常报告过热或冷的感觉,其不与体核温度的客观测量直接相关
● 警醒/睡意:还可以客观地(例如,使用精神性运动警醒试验)或者通过主观调查表来测量警醒或者专注。
作为澄清,非接触(或无接触)传感器是在没有与受试者的任何直接物理接触的情况下感测受试者的生理或行为的参数的传感器。非限制性示例包括基于无线电波反射的移动检测器、远离受试者放置的麦克风、记录体表温度的红外相机或者记录打开龙头洗手的龙头监控器。最小接触传感器可以被视为是其中存在与传感器的某种物理接触但是这限于短时长的传感器。示例包括体重计、血压监控器、呼吸分析仪或者手持式体表ECG(心电图)监控器。这些最小接触传感器可以区别于典型地用在临床试验中的接触传感器,诸如ECG贴片、血氧定量仪、EEG(脑电图)电极等,其中典型地存在与人体的粘附,并且典型地传感器旨在在延长的时间段(例如,大于1小时)上使用。
定义QOL参数时的关键的统一因素是需要组合来自传感器的客观数据和来自被监控受试者的主观数据以评估总体QOL。当人们希望测量干预对QOL改变的影响时则出现了特定的挑战。例如,已开发用于抵抗睡眠扰乱的药物的公司将有兴趣看到其药物是否对人的睡眠有任何导致客观地或者主观地提高的QOL的直接影响。相似地,如果公司已开发诸如用于减少因干燥皮肤引起的发痒的皮肤润肤剂的产品,则他们可能希望看到是否已存在提高的QOL(即,减少的搔痒、较低水平的不适)等。
用于回答这些问题的一种通常接受的手段是进行临床或消费者试验,其提出可以通过特定的置信水平来验证或拒绝的统计假设。例如,在药物试验中,双盲随机对照试验是用于查明药物效果的广泛接受的方法。然而,QOL的测量出于本公开的各种方面可以克服的许多原因而难于进行:(a)可能难于定义QOL结果的适当度量,(b)通过佩戴用于测量QOL的测量设备,人们可能直接影响你希望研究的准确的生活质量参数,(c)在自然“家庭”设置中而非在正规实验室设置中存在测量参数的后勤和财务挑战。存在各种用于测量QOL的一些方面的常规技术,现在将讨论这些技术以及它们的限制。
监控生活质量参数的动机可能是期望将其集成到干预程序中。作为示例,人可能进行认知行为疗法(CBT)以减少其压力相关的生活质量。CBT程序的重要部件是正在进行的压力生活质量指数的评估,其测量自身将形成行为干预的一部分。作为本公开的实施例的第二示例,我们将描述一种用于通过使用睡眠生活质量指数的客观和主观测量来提高睡眠质量的系统。
作为当前技术发展水平的限制的具体示例,考虑响应于抗失眠药物来测量睡眠质量的问题。首先,在“睡眠质量”涉及生活质量时定义“睡眠质量”可能是困难的,因为这将常常是客观和主观测量的组合。其次,偏好用于测量睡眠的当前方法是使用所谓的多导睡眠图(polysomnogram),其测量多个生理参数(EEG、ECG、EOG(眼电图)、呼吸努力、氧水平等)。尽管所得到的生理测量非常丰富,但是它们的测量根本地改变了受试者的睡眠状态(例如,他们在床上翻身较困难),并且不能代表真实的QOL睡眠测量。最后,对于在长时间段上测量大量受试者的睡眠质量而言,多导睡眠图测试的当前成本(在2008年约1500美元)使其成为不实用的工具。因此,需要一种可以以高度非侵入的方式提供睡眠生活质量的鲁棒测量的系统。在我们的系统的实施例中,我们描述了一种用于使用完全非侵入的生物力学(biomotion)传感器来客观地测量睡眠质量的方法。这可以与许多用于测量睡眠质量的主观工具组合,诸如匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)和失眠严重性指数(Insomnia Severity Index)(这些由关于诸如上床时间、估计的入睡时间等的睡眠习惯的调查表组成)。
另一感兴趣的QOL参数是压力水平或者相反地放松。用于客观测量压力的当前技术包括测量心率变异性或者皮质醇水平。然而,心率变异性的测量典型地需要受试者在胸部上佩戴电极,这对于日常生活的情形而言常常是不实用的。同样地,收集皮质醇样本以评估压力需要频繁地收集唾液样本,并且难于集成到日常生活惯例中。还存在许多广泛使用的压力或焦虑的主观测量(例如,Spielberger的状态-特质焦虑问卷(State-TraitAnxiety Inventory))。因此,能够可靠地采集关于压力相关QOL参数的方法、系统或装置将在各种设置中具有效用。
最后,慢性疼痛(诸如慢性下背痛)的生活质量意义的测量将具有用于评估治疗的益处或者用于提供对疼痛管理的认知反馈的效用。诸如Oswestry障碍指数(OswestryDisability Index)和36项简明健康调查表(36-Item Short-Form Health Survey)的当前主观测量工具用于评估具有慢性疼痛条件的受试者的主观生活质量。疼痛的客观测量未被良好定义,但是一些证据表明心率与疼痛强度相关。
因此,明确需要在流动/家庭设置中测量生活质量结果并且对正监控其QOL的人的日常惯例具有最小影响的系统和方法。在临床试验中特别需要非接触或最小接触传感器,其中评估诸如药物、药膏、物理疗法、营养药、行为改变等的干预的效果。
发明内容
本公开提供了用于使用免接触或最小接触传感器以便利的或低成本的方式监控受试者的生活质量参数的装置、系统和方法。该系统的典型用户是希望以尽可能地非侵入的方式对所监控的受试者的QOL进行监控的远程观察者。该系统典型地包括:(a)一个或多个无接触或最小接触传感器单元,适用于接近受试者所处位置(例如,在床边桌子上)进行放置,(b)输入设备,用于电子捕获主观反应,诸如蜂窝电话、PDA(个人数字助理)等,(c)用于将数据聚合在一起并且传送到远程位置的设备,(d)显示单元,用于向本地用户显示信息,和(e)数据存档和分析系统,用于生活质量参数的显示和分析。部件(e)还可以用作用于干预程序的反馈设备。为了便利起见,传感器单元、输入单元、数据聚合/传送单元和显示/监控单元可以在需要的情况下并入到单个独立单元中(例如,所有这些功能可以集成在蜂窝电话平台上)。传感器单元可以包括一个或多个非接触测量传感器(用于检测诸如声音、一般身体移动、呼吸、心率、位置、温度的参数)以及一个或多个最小接触传感器(例如,体重计、温度计)。在本公开的一个或多个方面中,系统可以并入处理能力(其可以处于本地或远程地点)以基于来自用户的客观和主观测量而生成生活质量参数。作为具体示例,可以通过将用户的主观反应连同睡眠时长的客观测量一起组合到失眠严重性指数来生成总体睡眠生活质量。
在一个或多个实施例中,所公开的方法(药物的、基于设备的或者行为的)在提高这些受试者的生活质量参数方面是有用的。特别地,公开了诸如人类的睡眠、压力、放松、睡意、温度和情绪状态的生活质量参数的非接触或最小接触测量、以及用于自动化采样、存储和传送到远程数据分析中心的装置。在一个或多个实施例中,该系统的一个方面以对受试者的正常行为尽可能小的扰乱来测量客观数据。
在一个特定实施例中,一种用于人类受试者的生活质量监控系统包括:多个多参数生理和环境传感器,被配置为检测与生活质量评估相关的多个生理和环境参数,其中所述多个传感器中的每个与所监控的受试者没有接触或者具有最小接触;定时器,其控制所检测的参数的采样并且允许按时间顺序(chronological)重建与其相关的记录信号;输入设备,其捕获来自所监控的受试者的主观反应;数据存储设备,被配置为记录采样的信号;数据传送能力,使得从受试者收集的数据可以被传送到远程数据监控中心,并且消息可以被传送到监控传感器;以及数据监控和分析能力,使得可以基于所测量的信号来计算总体生活质量参数。
在另一实施例中,一种用于评估生活质量指数的方法包括:在与所监控的受试者没有接触或者最小接触的情况下测量与所监控的受试者的生活质量评估相关的多参数生理和环境参数;从所监控的受试者收集关于他们的生活质量的主观反应;分析客观和主观测量以生成定量生活质量指数;以及生成建议的干预以影响所监控的受试者的所测量的生活质量指数。
附图说明
现在将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例,其中:
图1是图示实施例的总体示意图的示图;
图2是其中无接触传感器通过放置在附近的位置(床边柜)处而用来监控受试者的睡眠状态的实施例的具体示例;
图3是可以用来捕获来自个人的主观反应的输入设备实施例的示例;
图4是其中可以使用网站来捕获来自个人的主观反应的实施例的备选示例;
图5A和5B是其中由在睡眠试验中使用的具体无接触传感器捕获的一些原始数据的实施例的示例;
图6示出了在临床试验中测量睡眠呼吸暂停的系统的示例结果;以及
图7A和图7B示出了基于本公开的一个或多个实施例的行为干预的示意性表示。
具体实施方式
图1是图示本公开的实施例的总体示意图的示图。所监控的受试者101可以由多个无接触102和最小接触传感器103观察。受试者101还可以访问输入设备104,该输入设备104能够通过写入的文本或者记录的声音而从受试者获得主观反馈。数据聚合和传送设备105从传感器102、103和104收集数据并且还可以控制由各种传感器和设备使用的数据采样和输入参数。可选地,显示/反馈设备107可以被提供给本地用户(例如,这可能指示是否正在从他们收集信号,或者给出关于所测量的QOL参数的最近集合的反馈)。数据聚合和传送设备105可以被配置为以双向方式与远程数据存档和分析系统106通信。数据存档和分析系统106可以存储来自多个受试者的数据,并且可以执行所记录的信号和反馈的分析。其还可以与数据显示设备107或者与可选的分离显示设备108通信,该数据显示设备107可以向用户示出分析的结果,该分离显示设备108向远程用户示出QOL参数。
图2图示了客观地监控受试者的睡眠状态的无接触传感器的实施例。在该实施例中,传感器单元可以包含基于射频的生物力学传感器、麦克风(拾取周围声音)、温度传感器(拾取周围温度)、光传感器(拾取周围光级)以及用于测量受试者温度的红外检测器中的一个或多个。无接触传感器例如可以被放置在床边桌子上。
图3图示了用于收集用户输入的输入设备的实施例的示例。输入设备将典型地包括字母数字键盘301、显示器302、麦克风303和扬声器304。这允许使用视觉或音频装置来生成问题,并且人随后可以使用文本或音频输入来回答这些问题。
图4图示了使用个人计算机通过互联网浏览器来捕获睡眠的主观感知的实施例。
图5A和图5B提供了在用于测量睡眠生活质量的试验中使用无接触传感器捕获的原始信号的示例。图5A示出了当人睡着并且随后翻侧身时的信号。图5B示出了当人处于深度睡眠时的信号。
图6是无接触系统如何可以以与当前的多导睡眠图(PSG)估计的准确性相似的准确性来估计临床试验中的呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数的示例。
图7A和图7B是基于使用该系统来增强睡眠质量的行为干预的示例。图7A示出了基于数周的干预的组成部分(component),其中存在提供关于睡眠的详细信息的初始会话,并且向人提供用于测量其睡眠生活质量指数(SQOLI)的系统。
图7B示出了基于来自SQOLI监控的反馈的、在干预内可以使用的具体算法的示例。例如,如果他们实现了大于目标的SQOLI,则他们可以使他们在床上的时间增加30分钟。如果他们不能,则他们可以使在床上的时间减少15分钟。
本公开的系统的典型实施例可以包括一个或多个非接触传感器或者最小接触传感器,其可以包括以下中的一个或多个:
(a)生物力学传感器,其测量移动并且其导出呼吸、心率和移动参数。在IEEE出版的由P. de Chazal, E. O'Hare, N. Fox, C. Heneghan著作的论文"Assessment ofSleep/Wake Patterns Using a Non-Contact Biomotion Sensor", Proc. 30th IEEEEMBS Conference, Aug 2008中更全面地描述了该传感器的示例,该论文的整体内容通过引用合并于此。在一个实施例中,生物力学传感器可以使用5.8 GHz处的一系列射频脉冲来生成来自睡眠受试者的回波。这些回波可以与所传送的信号混合以生成包括因呼吸、心率和位置改变而引起的移动的移动迹线
(b)音频传感器,其测量周围声音。适于包括在该系统中的麦克风的具体示例将是具有零件编号S-OM9765C273S-C08的HK-Sound Omni -27 dB麦克风
(c)温度传感器,其测量环境温度(典型地至±1C)。适于包括的温度传感器的具体示例将是National Semiconductor LM20(SC70封装)
(d)光级传感器将测量光级。适于包括的光级传感器的具体示例是Square D®Clipsal光级传感器
(e)体温测量传感器。可以用在该系统中的传感器的具体示例是来自YuanYa Far亚洲公司的零件编号310的体温计。
最小接触传感器可以包括以下中的一个或多个:
(a)体重计,用于测量体重。具体示例是A&D UC-321PBT
(b)血压设备,诸如A&F UA767PBT
(c)用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的持续气道正压设备,诸如ResMed Autoset SpiritS8
(d)用于测量步数的计步器(诸如具有PC软件的Omron袖珍型计步器,HJ-720ITC)
(e)用于测量日间的物理活动的体佩式加速计(诸如ActivePAL设备)
(f)体成分分析仪,诸如Omron Body Composition Monitor with Scale(Omron体成分监控器与量表,HBF-500),其计算内脏脂肪和基础代谢率
(g)还可以包括其他无接触或最小接触设备。
在一个或多个实施例中,系统可以包括为上述非接触和最小接触传感器提供记录(logging)能力的数据获取和处理能力。这典型地可以包括例如模数转换器(ADC)、定时器和处理器。处理器可以被配置为控制信号的采样,并且还可以应用任何必要的数据处理或缩减技术(例如,压缩)以最小化数据的不必要的存储或传送。
数据通信子系统可以提供通信能力,其可以将所记录的数据发送到远程数据库用于进一步存储和分析,并且包括例如数据库的数据分析系统可以被配置为提供处理功能以及到视觉显示器的输入。
在该系统的一个具体实施例中,数据获取、处理和通信可以例如利用使用蓝牙使能的数据获取设备(例如,来自Roving Networks的商用BlueSentry®设备)。也可以使用其他常规的无线方法。这提供了对任意电压波形进行采样的能力,并且还可以接受数字格式的数据。
在该实施例中,蓝牙设备随后可以使用蓝牙协议向蜂窝电话传送数据,使得数据可以存储在蜂窝电话存储器上。蜂窝电话还可以执行数据的初始处理。蜂窝电话还可以用作用于使用基于文本的录入系统或者通过语音使能的问题-回答系统来捕获来自用户的主观数据的设备。还可以使用网页来捕获主观数据。
蜂窝电话可以使用诸如GPRS或EDGE的协议向远程地点提供数据传送能力。数据分析系统是运行数据库(例如,My SQL数据库软件)的个人计算机,其能够由可以计算有用的QOL参数的分析软件查询。最后,可以通过程序查询数据库、分析程序的输出并且在web浏览器上使用图形或文本输出而提供数据显示能力。
作为具体实施例的临床使用的示例,该系统用于在具体的临床试验情形中测量与睡眠相关的生活质量。征募了一组具有慢性下背痛(CLBP)的15个患者以及年龄和性别相匹配的一群没有背痛的15个受试者。在初始筛选和登记之后,研究参与者完成基线评估。记录性别、年龄、体重、身高、BMI(体重指数)和药物治疗使用。所有受试者完成睡眠质量的基线自身报告测量(匹兹堡睡眠质量指数失眠严重性指数[16],生活质量(SF36v2)[17]和作为SF36v2调查表的一部分的疼痛(SF36v2的身体疼痛评分))。CLBP受试者还完成Oswestry障碍指数(ODI)作为与其下背痛相关的功能障碍的度量。所有受试者随后经历两个连续的使用上述非接触生物力学传感器进行客观监控的夜晚,而同时完成主观日常睡眠记录;匹兹堡睡眠日志。表1示出了使用该系统的睡眠的一些客观测量,并且包括总睡眠时间、睡眠效率、入睡(sleep onset)潜伏期。可以测量的其他客观参数将包括:觉醒次数(>1分钟的时长)以及入睡后觉醒。
表1中描述的客观睡眠指数是使用睡眠阶段分类系统获得的,该睡眠阶段分类系统处理非接触生物力学传感器数据以每30秒产生睡眠和觉醒分类。这是使用以下观察而形成的:
在非接触信号中可以容易地识别大的移动(例如,数厘米的尺寸)。身体移动提供了关于受试者的睡眠状态的明显信息,并且已被广泛地用在体动记录仪中以确定睡眠/觉醒状态。呼吸变异性随着睡眠阶段而明显地改变。在深度睡眠中,长期注意到与REM(快速眼球运动)睡眠的觉醒期间相比,呼吸在频率和幅度上是更稳定的。
因此,非接触生物力学信号的处理中的第一阶段是识别移动和呼吸信息。为了图示这是如何可能的,图5A示出了当存在因人变换睡眠位置而引起的躯干和手臂的明显移动时由非接触传感器记录的信号的示例。基于信号的高幅度和频率部分的检测的算法用于隔离移动时段。
对于其中不存在明显的四肢或躯干移动的时段,呼吸相关的移动是主要的记录信号并且使用峰谷识别算法来获得呼吸速率和相对幅度的估计。图5B图示了在阶段4睡眠的时段期间由传感器记录的信号,其表明稳定的呼吸努力。
为了证实在正确标记的30秒时期中的系统性能,我们同时记录信号与完整的多导睡眠图(PSG)剪辑。我们比较来自PSG和非接触生物力学传感器的睡眠时期注释并且报告总体分类准确性、睡眠敏感性和预测性、觉醒特异性和预测性。总体准确性是正确分类的总时期的百分比。结果在表2中示出并且提供系统可以以高度的准确性客观地测量睡眠的证据。
表3示出了来自相同受试者的一些主观测量,并且包括他们的每晚的睡眠时长、睡眠效率、觉醒次数和睡眠潜伏期的主观评估以及他们的总体PSQI(匹兹堡睡眠质量指数)和ISI(失眠严重性指数)分值。
该系统可以报告睡眠的这些主观和客观测量,但是在一个方面,其还可以报告与组合了客观和主观测量的总体睡眠生活质量指数(SQOLI)相关的参数。存在可以完成该操作的许多方式。例如,我们可以定义以下SQOL指数:
● SQOL时长={0.8×客观睡眠时长+0.2×客观睡眠时长}
● SQOL分片(fragmentation)={(客观测量的觉醒的时段>1分钟的次数+报告的自行觉醒/客观睡眠时长}
熟练的用户将能够构造睡眠生活质量的其他组合测量,其捕获针对特定应用的最有意义的结果。
在另一实施例中,该系统可以用于捕获具有慢性咳嗽的患者(例如,遭受慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的患者)的生活质量。在该实施例中,可以使用两个无接触传感器:上述非接触生物力学传感器,和麦克风。该系统可以客观地测量与每次咳嗽发作(episode)关联的声音以及与每次咳嗽关联的呼吸努力。这提供了比仅依赖于声音更精确的收集咳嗽频率的装置。还存在咳嗽对生活质量的影响的主观测量(例如,在"Development of a parent-proxyquality-of-life chronic cough-specific questionnaire: clinical impact vspsychometric evaluations," Newcombe PA, Sheffield JK, Juniper EF, MarchantJM, Halsted RA, Masters IB, Chang AB, Chest. 2008 Feb;133(2):386-95中描述的双亲咳嗽特定的QOL(PC-QOL)调查表)。
作为另一示例性实施例,该系统还可以用作用于在临床试验设置中识别睡眠呼吸暂停严重性和发生率的筛选工具。在该实施例中,无接触生物力学传感器用于检测无呼吸(呼吸暂停)和幅度减少的呼吸(呼吸不足)的时段。图6示出了作为如何可以使用该系统的示例的、在治疗之前在临床试验中登记的患者的估计的睡眠呼吸暂停严重性。
本领域中熟练的用户将认识到,可以在其中测量生活质量是重要的许多临床试验设置中使用该系统。作为这些使用的具体示例,我们可以考虑:
在具有异位性皮炎(AD)的患者中测量睡眠生活质量。具有AD的受试者常常具有与因睡眠期间的下意识搔痒引起的差睡眠质量组合的因日间发痒引起的差生活质量。在设计用于评估诸如新的药物或护肤霜的干预的影响的临床试验中,该系统可以用于捕获主观和客观生活质量参数作为最后的结果度量。睡眠生活质量指数测量的结果可以是关于是否使用特定的活性药物治疗以及该药物治疗的剂量的推荐。
婴儿响应于喂养产品的睡眠质量的测量。例如,已知乳糖不耐症因扰乱的睡眠、胃痛和啼哭发作而影响婴孩的生活质量。可以通过组合客观睡眠指数加上双亲报告的啼哭发作以形成总体生活质量指数来评估旨在克服乳糖不耐症的喂养产品。
作为另一具体示例,可以通过提供与睡眠生活质量相关的行为反馈程序来增强睡眠质量。自身报告失眠的人可以如下使用该系统来增强其睡眠生活质量。
在首次看医生时,人可以自身报告对其睡眠生活质量的一般不满。他们随后可以选择以以下步骤进行认知行为治疗程序。
步骤1:他们进行与治疗师或自导手册的诱导会话。在该诱导步骤中,向个人介绍关于睡眠的基本生理机制的信息,诸如正常生理睡眠模式、睡眠需要等。该步骤确保不存在睡眠的不正确感知(即,人认为一晚3小时睡眠是典型的或者为了正常健康你必须每天睡眠正好8小时)。
步骤2:Bootzin刺激控制指令。在该步骤中,建立受试者特定的信息,并且同意基本行为干预。例如,首先受试者和治疗同意目标标准醒来时间(例如,7AM)。他们随后同意行为干预,诸如在延长觉醒的20分钟之后起床,并且需要避免睡眠不相容的卧室行为(例如,电视、计算机游戏、…)。他们可以同意消除日间小睡。
步骤3:建立初始目标。基于以上讨论,患者和治疗师可以随后同意将用作目标的睡眠生活质量指数(SQOLI)。作为具体示例,SQOLI可以基于实现85%睡眠效率和<5的主观“入睡困难”评级(处于1至10等级(scale),其中10是非常困难的而1是容易的)。行为程序随后将由一周组成,其中患者尝试基于在同意的醒来时间之前5小时(例如,在我们的示例中在2AM)上床。我们在图1至5中上述的公开提供了睡眠效率的客观测量并且与主观用户反馈组合以产生SQOLI。在第一周结束时,患者和治疗师回顾SQOLI测量并且确定下一步骤。
步骤4:基于睡眠质量指数的反馈环。如果受试者在第一周中实现了所期望的SQOLI,则设定新的目标。作为具体示例,受试者现在将在同意的醒来时间之前5.5小时上床,并且仍将尝试实现85%睡眠效率和“入睡困难”度量<5的相同目标。在随后几周中,将应用该算法,即人可以使其睡眠时间增加30分钟,条件是他们满足了前一周的目标。该过程可以继续,直至达到最终期望的稳态睡眠生活质量指数(例如,以>85%的睡眠效率每晚睡眠7.5小时)。
本领域的技术人员将认识到:为提高睡眠质量,在文献中描述和开发了许多行为干预。然而,所有这些当前的方法的限制在于它们没有可靠的和容易的用于提供睡眠生活质量度量的装置,并且本公开正是克服该限制。此外,本领域的技术人员还将认识到:许多药物干预适用于提高睡眠质量(例如,Ambien®的处方),并且这里描述的公开也可以支持这些医疗干预。
工业实用性的声明
本公开的装置、系统和方法在临床和消费者试验中的生活质量指数的无接触和最小接触评估中以及在用于提高生活质量的干预中找到效用。
Claims (33)
1.一种生活质量测量系统,包括:
无接触传感器,被配置为接收从受试者反射的无线信号并从所接收的无线信号中获得测量数据;
输入设备,被配置为捕获来自受试者的主观睡眠质量数据;以及
数据监视和分析系统,配置为:
从所述输入设备接收所述主观睡眠质量数据;
从所述无接触传感器接收所述测量数据;
从所述测量数据中获取客观睡眠质量数据;
基于所述主观睡眠质量数据和所述客观睡眠质量数据计算定量睡眠生活质量指数SQOLI;以及
提示所述受试者的一种或多种睡眠相关活动中的行为改变,其中所述行为改变包括(a)如果所述定量SQOLI大于所述受试者的目标SQOLI,则增加所述受试者的允许的睡眠时间或卧床时间,以及(b)如果所述定量SQOLI小于所述目标SQOLI,则减少所述受试者的允许的睡眠时间或卧床时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述定量SQOLI是睡眠时长指数值、睡眠分片指数值或睡眠潜伏期指数值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述目标SQOLI是睡眠时长指数值、睡眠分片指数值或睡眠潜伏期指数值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中输入设备包括基于文本的输入系统。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中输入设备包括无线语音启用的问答系统。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中无接触传感器适合于靠近受试者放置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中无接触传感器和所述输入设备被结合到单个独立单元中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的生活质量测量系统,其中单个独立单元被集成在手机平台上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述客观睡眠质量数据包括身体移动信息和呼吸信息。
10.根据权利要求9所述的生活质量测量系统,其中,所述数据监视和分析系统通过基于对所述测量数据中的高振幅和频率部分的检测来隔离身体移动的周期而生成所述身体移动信息。
11.根据权利要求10所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述数据监视和分析系统从没有显著身体移动的一个或多个周期生成呼吸信息。
12.根据权利要求11所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述呼吸信息是通过使用峰谷识别算法从没有显著身体移动的一个或多个周期生成的。
13.根据权利要求11所述的生活质量测量系统,其中呼吸信息包括呼吸速率的估计。
14.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,进一步包括一个或多个环境传感器,所述一个或多个环境传感器被配置为检测一个或多个环境参数,且其中所述数据监测和分析系统进一步被配置为从所述一个或多个环境传感器接收所述一个或多个环境参数,并基于所述主观睡眠质量数据、所述客观睡眠质量数据和所述一个或多个环境参数来计算所述定量SQOLI。
15.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述无接触传感器包括射频生物运动传感器,所述射频生物运动传感器被配置为接收从所述受试者反射的射频信号作为所述无线信号。
16.根据权利要求15所述的生活质量测量系统,其进一步包括射频发送器,所述射频发送器向所述受试者发射一系列射频脉冲,所述一系列射频脉冲中的一些从所述受试者反射以包括从所述受试者反射的射频信号。
17.根据权利要求16所述的生活质量测量系统,其中从受试者反射的射频信号与发送的信号混合以产生包括呼吸、心率和身体移动的移动信号。
18.根据权利要求1所述的生活质量测量系统,其中所述无接触传感器包括测量来自所述受试者的声音并将所述受试者的呼吸努力与所述声音相关联的音频传感器。
19.一种用于监控人类受试者的生活质量的方法,包括:
在非接触式传感器处接收从受试者反射的无线信号;
用所述非接触式传感器从接收到的无线信号中获取测量数据;
在数据记录和分析系统处接收所述测量数据;
用所述数据记录和分析系统从所述测量数据中获取客观睡眠质量数据;
利用输入设备收集来自所述受试者的主观睡眠质量数据;
在所述数据记录和分析系统处接收所述主观睡眠质量数据;
利用所述数据记录和分析系统基于所述客观睡眠质量数据和所述主观睡眠质量数据来计算定量睡眠生活质量指数SQOLI;以及
利用所述数据记录和分析系统,提示所述受试者的一种或多种睡眠相关活动中的行为改变,其中所述行为改变包括(a)如果所述定量SQOLI大于所述受试者的目标SQOLI,则增加所述受试者的允许的睡眠时间或卧床时间,以及(b)如果所述定量SQOLI小于所述目标SQOLI,则减少所述受试者的允许的睡眠时间或卧床时间。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述定量SQOLI是睡眠时长指数值、睡眠分片指数值或睡眠潜伏期指数值。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述目标SQOLI是睡眠时长指数值、睡眠分片指数值或睡眠潜伏期指数值。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中通过基于文本的输入系统收集所述主观睡眠质量数据。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中通过无线语音启用的问答系统收集所述主观睡眠质量数据。
24.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中无接触传感器适合于靠近受试者放置。
25.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述无接触传感器和所述输入设备被结合到单个独立单元上。
26.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述客观睡眠质量数据包括身体移动信息和呼吸信息。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中获得所述客观睡眠质量数据包括通过基于所述测量数据中的高振幅和频率部分的检测来隔离身体移动的周期而生成所述身体移动信息。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中获得所述客观睡眠质量数据包括通过使用峰谷识别算法从没有显著身体移动的一个或多个周期来生成所述呼吸信息。
29.根据权利要求19所述的方法,进一步包括从一个或多个环境传感器接收一个或多个环境参数,其中基于所述主观睡眠质量数据、所述客观睡眠质量数据和所述一个或多个环境参数来计算所述定量SQOLI。
30.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中从所述受试者反射的所述无线信号包括射频信号。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,还包括向所述受试者发送一系列射频脉冲,所述一系列射频脉冲中的一些被反射并且包括所述射频信号。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,还包括将射频信号与发送的信号混合以产生包括呼吸、心率和身体移动的移动信号。
33.一种其上存储可读指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储介质,所述可读指令在由一个或多个处理设备执行时使所述一个或多个处理设备执行根据权利要求19至32中任一项所述的方法。
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US20110178377A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
US20210193275A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
KR20110076925A (ko) | 2011-07-06 |
US20100152543A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
JP2015171585A (ja) | 2015-10-01 |
AU2016204801A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
JP2023015036A (ja) | 2023-01-31 |
JP6940996B2 (ja) | 2021-09-29 |
US20160125160A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
CN107506569A (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
AU2017204883A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
JP2021037293A (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
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