CN107496382A - 复合纳米囊‑可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系及制备方法 - Google Patents
复合纳米囊‑可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107496382A CN107496382A CN201710785162.4A CN201710785162A CN107496382A CN 107496382 A CN107496382 A CN 107496382A CN 201710785162 A CN201710785162 A CN 201710785162A CN 107496382 A CN107496382 A CN 107496382A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合纳米囊‑可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,包括包封药物的纳米囊和可注射水凝胶;纳米囊的平均粒径为100nm~1000nm,复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶的重量体积比为1:1~1:10;可注射水凝胶包括高分子聚合物和交联剂;纳米囊由高分子基材制备,纳米囊中可包封局部麻醉药物、神经修复药物或造影剂,对药物起到缓释作用,双重载药缓释体系中的可注射水凝胶基体可将纳米囊载体在体内进行定位,将整个药物缓释体系固定于病变部位从而利于对病变部位的长效缓释治疗。本发明的复合纳米囊‑可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在镇痛、肿瘤治疗、局部麻醉、神经修复、等需要局部药物长效缓释的领域具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体涉及一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着医疗技术的发展,对局部麻醉药神经修复药物的需求越来越多,目前部分局部麻醉药物或神经修复药物由于药物的生物半衰期较短,在临床上使用时需小剂量频繁给药以维持其药效,给患者带来较大的痛苦和不便。超声显影作为一种无毒、安全且经济的医学影像技术,已广泛应用于医学检测中,但目前使用的部分超声显影剂还存在使超声显影的影像对比度较低的缺点,因此,研究并改进生物半衰期较短的局部麻醉药或神经修复药物的固定及缓释以延长药物作用时间,增强超声显影剂的缓释作用,提高超声显影的影像对比度在临床应用上具有十分重要的意义。
微球是一种将药物分子包裹于高分子聚合物内,以实现药物长时间平稳释放为目的的药物传递系统,因其缓控释的特点得到了广泛关注。制备微球常用的方法主要有乳化溶剂挥发法、乳化交联法、喷雾干燥法、相分离法等。在乳化溶剂挥发法中,因药物载体材料与包裹药物性质的亲水性不同,可分为O/W、W/O、W/O/W或O/W/O型等乳液体系。以载体材料为油溶性为例,载体材料首先溶解于一种不与水互溶的有机溶剂中,然后药物分子分散或溶解于载体材料溶液中,得到的溶液或分散系统需加入含有乳化剂的连续相水相中进行乳化以得到离散的液滴。在固化过程中,有机溶剂首先会扩散至连续相中,进而在水/空气界面挥发,有机溶剂挥发的过程中,微球得以固化,最后经过收集和干燥处理得到完整微球,此为O/W(水包油)单乳乳化溶剂挥发法。对于脂溶性药物,这种方法简单实用,但对于水溶性药物,则需采用在此基础上改良的基础上改良的W/O/W(水包油包水)型溶剂挥发法:药物首先溶解于内水相中,然后药物溶液加入油相中通过超声或高速搅拌乳化形成W/O初乳,接着初乳加入外水相中,制成W/O/W复乳,经离心-清洗-冻干过程最后得到微球。
水凝胶为在水中溶胀并保持大量水分而又不溶解的聚合物。水凝胶聚合物具有大量吸收水分的特性,大量吸收的水分充斥于聚合物网络中,较大程度地伸展于被交联的大分子链,使整个材料具备了一种流体的性质,这与充盈有大量水性液体的机体组织极其相似,柔软、润湿的表面以及与组织的亲和大大减少了刺激性。可注射水凝胶是指具有一定流动性的、能够通过注射的方法应用的一类水凝胶。此复合物具有温敏性,当包埋药物注射进入人体后,在体温条件下转变成生物可降解的半固体状凝胶。
然而现有的研究报道,药物缓释微球多集中在微米级别,包裹药物的微球在增强缓释作用方面还有待需要进一步改善;对于可注射水凝胶载药的研究也集中在药物直接分散于水凝胶体系中,还未见缓释纳米微球-可注射水凝胶双重缓释药物体系的用于药物缓释的研究,尤其是用于局部麻醉药神经修复药物,以及超声造影剂中。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,增加药物的释放周期,解决上述现有技术中用于局部麻醉药神经修复药物生物半衰期较短,以及超声造影剂中超声显影的影像对比度较低等不足之处。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足和药物对缓释的需求,解决现有局部麻醉药神经修复药物生物半衰期较短,以及超声造影剂中超声显影的影像对比度较低等问题。提供一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系、制备方法及应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,通过以下技术方案实现:
一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,包括包封药物的纳米囊和可注射水凝胶;其中,所述纳米囊的平均粒径为100nm~1000nm;
所述可注射水凝胶包括以下重量百分含量的组分:4wt%~20wt%高分子聚合物、0.1wt%~10wt%交联剂;
所述复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶的重量体积比为1:1~1:10。
进一步地,所述高分子聚合物为天然高分子聚合物或合成高分子聚合物;
进一步地,所述天然高分子聚合物为透明质酸、胶原蛋白、明胶、壳聚糖中的一种或几种混合;所述合成高分子聚合物为聚乳酸、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、卡波姆中的一种或几种混合;
进一步地,所述交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚、二乙烯基砜、酰肼化合物、壳聚糖、戊二醛等中的一种或几种;
进一步地,所述纳米囊由高分子基材制备得到;
进一步地,所述高分子基材为油溶性高分子聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸-聚丙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇共聚物中的一种或多种;
进一步地,所述高分子基材分子量为5000~100000;
进一步地,所述纳米囊包封的药物为局部麻醉药、神经修复类药物、用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物;
本发明第二方面提供一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、制备得到包封药物的复合纳米囊;
步骤2、向高分子聚合物的溶液中加入交联剂,搅拌静置得到可注射水凝胶;
步骤3、将步骤1中得到的复合纳米囊和步骤2得到的可注射水凝胶混合,得到复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系;
其中,步骤3中复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶按照重量体积比为1:1~1:10混合。
进一步地,所述步骤1中,复合纳米囊的制备包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1、将需要包封的药物与高分子基材分别用溶剂溶解,混合后进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2、将步骤1-1中的乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3、将步骤1-2中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4、将步骤1-3得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
进一步地,所述步骤1-1中,高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解;药物用水或有机溶剂溶解;
其中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、正己烷或环己烷中的一种或几种;
进一步地,所述步骤1-1中,高分子基材在有机溶剂中的浓度为10mg/mL~100mg/mL;药物在溶剂中的浓度为1mg/mL~30mg/mL;
进一步地,所述步骤1-1中,水/油乳液的水相与油相的体积比为1:1~1:10;
进一步地,所述步骤1-1、步骤1-2中,超声乳化的参数为50W~300W,乳化时间为30s~200s;
进一步地,所述步骤1-2、步骤1-3中,所述的乳化剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、羧甲基葡聚糖、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;
进一步地,所述步骤1-2、步骤1-3中,所述含有乳化剂的水溶液中乳化剂的重量百分含量为0.01wt%~10wt%;所述乳化剂在乳液体系中的浓度为0.1mg/mL~50mg/mL;
进一步地,所述步骤1-4中,离心速率为8000rpm~15000rpm;所述冷冻干燥温度为-30℃。
进一步地,所述步骤2中,交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,二乙烯基砜,酰肼化合物,壳聚糖等中的一种或几种;
进一步地,所述步骤2中,高分子聚合物溶液中高分子聚合物的重量百分含量为4wt%~20wt%;所述交联剂在高分子聚合物的溶液中的重量百分含量为0.1wt%~10wt%;
进一步地,所述步骤2中,搅拌静置温度为20℃~50℃;时间为4~20小时;
上述所述包封药物如本发明第一方面中所述药物定义。
本发明第三方面还提供了上述复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在制备局部麻醉药制剂、神经修复类药物制剂、用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物制剂的应用。
本发明还提供了上述复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在制备用于局部麻醉、神经修复、造影相关药物中的用途。
本发明还提供一种控制药物释放、提高药物稳定性的方法,其包括将有需要的药物制备为上述复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系后向需要者施用;
上述所述药物选自局部麻醉药、神经修复类药物、造影药物;
所述局部麻醉药包括但不限于利多卡因、布比卡因、甲哌卡因、丁吡卡因、依替卡因、丙胺卡因、罗吡卡因等、普鲁卡因(奴氟卡因)、氯普鲁卡因、丁卡因、可卡因等;
所述神经修复类药物包括但不限于碱性成纤维生长因子、神经生长因子、脑神经生长素注射液、甲钴胺注射液、普立宁钾等;
所述造影药物包括但不限于为氟碳液体、含碘制剂、Gd-DTPA及其线型、环型多胺多羧类螯合物、锰的卟啉螯合物等。
本发明的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系中,纳米囊包封药物分散于可注射水凝胶中,起到缓慢释放的作用;可注射水凝胶生物相容性好,可将纳米囊载体在体内进行定位固定作用,将整个药物缓释体系固定于病变部位从而利于对病变部位的长效缓释治疗,对包含的载药纳米囊能够起到药物固定及双重缓释的作用。
本发明的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在应用于局部麻醉药物时,双重的缓释作用增加了药物的持续药效时间,减少了药物的给药次数,降低了患者的痛苦和不便。
本发明的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在应用于神经修复类药物时,可注射水凝胶在注射入给药部位人体后,在体温条件下转变成生物可降解的半固体状凝胶,对神经修复药物的起到固定及缓释作用,延长了药物作用时间,提高了疗效。
本发明的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在应用于超声、CT或MRI造影药物时,其药物固定及双重缓释特性改善了造影影像对比度,提高了造影分析的准确性,大大降低由此带来的疾病的误判的几率。
综上所述,本发明的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系与现有技术相比,具有可提高药物稳定性、控制药物释放、药物局部定位固定和药物靶向位点运送等优点,能达到减少药物服用次数、提高患者顺应性和减少药物毒副作用,改善造影影像对比度,提高造影分析的准确性,大大降低疾病的误判几率,在临床应用上有益效果明显,具有十分重要的意义和应用价值。
附图说明
图1是实施例1复合纳米囊经透射电镜观测的形态结构及粒径分散图。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
本发明提供了一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,包括包封药物的纳米囊和可注射水凝胶;其中,所述纳米囊的平均粒径为100nm~1000nm;所述可注射水凝胶包括以下重量百分含量的组分:2wt%~10wt%天然高分子聚合物、0.1wt%~5wt%交联剂;所述天然高分子聚合物为透明质酸、明胶;所述交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,戊二醛;所述复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶的重量体积比为1:3~1:5。
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述纳米囊由高分子基材经由乳化法-溶剂挥发法制备得到;
其中,所述高分子基材为油溶性高分子聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇共聚物;所述高分子基材分子量为5000~100000,优选20000;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述纳米囊包封的药物为局部麻醉药、神经修复类药物、用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述局部麻醉药物为酰胺类局麻药,例如利多卡因、布比卡因、甲哌卡因、丁吡卡因、依替卡因、丙胺卡因、罗吡卡因等;
所述部麻醉药物为酯类局麻药,例如普鲁卡因(奴氟卡因)、氯普鲁卡因、丁卡因、可卡因等;
所述神经修复类药物为碱性成纤维生长因子、神经生长因子、脑神经生长素注射液、甲钴胺注射液、普立宁钾等;
所述用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物为氟碳液体、含碘制剂、Gd-DTPA及其线型、环型多胺多羧类螯合物和锰的卟啉螯合物等。
本发明提供了一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、制备得到包封药物的复合纳米囊;
步骤2、向重量百分含量为4wt%~20wt%的高分子聚合物水溶液中加入等体积的重量百分含量为0.2wt%~10wt%的交联剂水溶液,在20℃~50℃时搅拌均匀后静置4~20小时得到可注射水凝胶;
步骤3、将步骤1中得到的复合纳米囊和步骤2得到的可注射水凝胶按照重量体积比为1:3~1:5混合,得到复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系;
其中,所述步骤2中,交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,戊二醛。
在本发明较优的实施方式中,
当复合纳米囊中包封的药物为水溶性药物时,所述步骤1中,复合纳米囊的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1a、将需要包封的水溶性药物用水溶解,将高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解,药物水溶凝与高分子基材有机溶液混合后进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2a、将步骤1-1a中的水/油乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3a、将步骤1-2a中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4a、将步骤1-3a得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,重复此离心-清洗-分散过程3~10次后冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
在本发明较优的实施方式中,
当复合纳米囊中包封的药物为酯溶性药物时,所述步骤1中,复合纳米囊的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1b、将需要包封的药物与高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解,共同作为油相与水混合进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2b、将步骤1-1b中的水/油乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3b、将步骤1-2b中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4b、将步骤1-3b得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,重复此离心-清洗-分散过程3~10次后冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b中,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、正己烷或环己烷中的一种或几种;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b中,高分子基材在有机溶剂中的浓度为10~100mg/mL,优选25~100mg/mL;
药物在水或者有机溶剂中的浓度为1~30mg/mL,优选5~20mg/mL;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b中,水/油乳液的水相与油相的体积比为1:1~1:10,优选1:5;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b、步骤1-2a、步骤1-2b中,超声乳化的参数为50~300W,优选60~90W;
乳化时间为30~200s,优选30s;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-2a、步骤1-2b、步骤1-3a、步骤1-3b、中,所述的乳化剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、羧甲基葡聚糖、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-2a、步骤1-2b、步骤1-3a、步骤1-3b、中,所述含有乳化剂的水溶液中乳化剂的重量百分含量为0.01wt%~10wt%,优选0.1wt%~4wt%;
所述乳化剂在乳液体系中的浓度为0.1~50mg/mL;
在本发明较优的实施方式中,所述步骤1-4a、步骤1-4b中,离心速率为8000~15000rpm;所述冷冻干燥温度为-30℃。
本发明制备方法中所述包封药物中的药物如上所述药物定义。
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1、复合纳米囊的制备
将1ml盐酸利多卡因注射液与5ml聚乳酸-聚乙二醇聚合物(PLA-MPEG)的二氯甲烷溶液混合,其中PLA-MPEG聚合物的分子量为20000,m(MPEG):m(PLA)=1:3,盐酸利多卡因注射液的浓度为20mg/ml,聚乳酸-聚乙二醇的浓度25mg/ml,采用150W的功率超声乳化30s,再加入质量分数4%的聚乙烯醇水溶液10ml,采用90W的功率第二次超声乳化30s。再加入质量分数0.1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml在室温下磁力搅拌6h,待二氯甲烷挥发完全后,以12000rpm的速率对所得水/油/水乳液离心20min,并重复水洗-超声分散-离心过程三次,冻干后收集复合纳米囊。
将制备得到的包封利多卡因的复合纳米囊经透射电镜观察的形貌和粒径分散情况,显示,实施例1制备的复合纳米囊外形圆润、光滑,粒径分散为70nm~800nm之间,如附图1所示。
实施例2、复合纳米囊的制备
将1ml盐酸普鲁卡因注射液与5ml聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物-聚乙二醇聚合物(PLGA-PEG)的二氯甲烷溶液混合,其中PLGA-MPEG聚合物的分子量为20000,LA:GA=50:50,m(MPEG):m(PLA)=1:3,盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的浓度为5mg/ml,PLGA-PEG的浓度50mg/ml,采用150W的功率超声乳化30s,再加入质量分数1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml,采用90W的功率第二次超声乳化30s。再加入质量分数0.1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml在室温下磁力搅拌6h,待二氯甲烷挥发完全后,以12000rpm的速率对所得水/油/水乳液离心20min,并重复水洗-超声分散-离心过程三次,冻干后收集复合纳米囊。
实施例3、复合纳米囊的制备
将造影含碘制剂碘化油与聚乳酸溶于丙酮中形成油相,其中碘化油的浓度5mg/ml,聚乳酸的浓度100mg/ml。取油相溶液5ml与1ml超纯水混合,采用150W的功率超声乳化30s,再加入质量分数1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml,采用90W的功率超声乳化30s后,再加入质量分数0.1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml在室温下磁力搅拌4h,待丙酮挥发完全后,以8000rpm的速率对所得油乳液离心20min,并重复水洗-超声分散-离心过程三次,冻干后收集复合纳米囊。
实施例4、复合纳米囊的制备
将全氟己烷与聚乳酸溶于丙酮中形成油相,其中全氟己烷的浓度20mg/ml,聚乳酸的浓度50mg/ml。取油相溶液5ml与1ml超纯水混合,采用90W的功率超声乳化30s,再加入质量分数4%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml混合,采用60W的功率超声乳化30s后,再加入质量分数0.1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液20ml在室温下磁力搅拌4h,待丙酮挥发完全后,以12000rpm的速率对所得乳液离心20min,并重复水洗-超声分散-离心过程三次,冻干后收集复合纳米囊。
实施例5、复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系的制备
以0.3mol/L浓度的NaOH溶液作为介质,配制质量分数20%的透明质酸溶液,搅拌均匀。将交联剂1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚以同样浓度NaOH溶液为介质配制成质量分数2%的溶液,取等体积与透明质酸溶液混合,搅拌1h后将反应体系置于25℃水浴中反应6h,得到粘稠凝胶。将实施例1中冻干后收集的利多卡因-聚乳酸聚乙二醇复合纳米囊10mg与30ml透明质酸凝胶混合,25℃搅拌2h后得包封利多卡因的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系。
检测观察该复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系的药物体外释放情况,显示本发明实施5制备得到的包封利多卡因的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系具有缓慢释放、稳定药物的良好效果。
实施例6、复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系的制备
配制质量分数为10%的明胶水溶液,以戊二醛作为交联剂配制质量分数为0.5%的戊二醛水溶液。将等体积的明胶水溶液与戊二醛水溶液混合,搅拌1h后将反应体系置于40℃水浴中反应3h,得到粘稠凝胶。将实施例4中冻干后收集的全氟己烷-聚乳酸复合纳米囊10mg与30ml明胶凝胶混合,40℃搅拌2h后得包封全氟己烷的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系。
观察该包封全氟己烷的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶的药物双重载药缓释体系在体外释放情况,显示实施例6制备的包封全氟己烷的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系能进行10小时以上的长时间持续造影,有利于改善使用氟碳液体为超声、CT或MRI造影药物进行检测的造影影像对比度,提高造影分析的准确性。
综上所述,本发明技术方案的复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系及其制备方法,可提高药物稳定性、控制药物释放、药物局部定位固定和药物靶向位点运送等优点,有利于减少药物服用次数、提高患者顺应性和减少药物毒副作用,改善造影影像对比度,提高造影分析的准确性,大大降低疾病的误判几率,有利于改善现有临床应用上有不足之处,具有十分重要的意义和应用价值。
以上详细描述了本发明的具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验得到的技术方案,皆应在权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系,其特征在于,包括包封药物的纳米囊和可注射水凝胶;其中,所述纳米囊的平均粒径为100nm~1000nm;
所述可注射水凝胶包括以下重量百分含量的组分:4wt%~20wt%高分子聚合物、0.1wt%~10wt%交联剂;
所述复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶的重量体积比为1:1~1:10。
2.根据权利要求1所述缓释体系,其特征在于,所述高分子聚合物为天然高分子聚合物或合成高分子聚合物;
其中,所述天然高分子聚合物为透明质酸、胶原蛋白、明胶、壳聚糖中的一种或几种混合;
所述合成高分子聚合物为聚乳酸、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、卡波姆中的一种或几种混合;
所述交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚、二乙烯基砜、酰肼化合物、壳聚糖、戊二醛等中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述缓释体系,其特征在于,所述纳米囊由高分子基材制备得到;
其中,所述高分子基材为油溶性高分子聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸-聚丙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇共聚物中的一种或多种。
所述纳米囊包封的药物为局部麻醉药、神经修复类药物、用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物。
4.根据权利要求1所述缓释体系,其特征在于,
所述可注射水凝胶包括以下重量百分含量的组分:2wt%~10wt%天然高分子聚合物、0.1wt%~5wt%交联剂;其中,所述天然高分子聚合物为透明质酸、明胶;所述交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,戊二醛;
所述复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶的重量体积比为1:3~1:5。
所述纳米囊由高分子基材经由乳化法-溶剂挥发法制备得到;
其中,所述高分子基材为油溶性高分子聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物、聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇共聚物;
所述纳米囊包封的药物为局部麻醉药、神经修复类药物、用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物;
其中,所述局部麻醉药物为酰胺类局麻药,包括利多卡因、布比卡因、甲哌卡因、丁吡卡因、依替卡因、丙胺卡因、罗吡卡因;
所述局部麻醉药物为酯类局麻药,包括普鲁卡因、氯普鲁卡因、丁卡因、可卡因;
所述神经修复类药物为碱性成纤维生长因子、神经生长因子、脑神经生长素注射液、甲钴胺注射液、普立宁钾;
所述用于超声、CT或MRI造影的药物为氟碳液体、含碘制剂、Gd-DTPA及其线型、环型多胺多羧类螯合物和锰的卟啉螯合物。
5.一种复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、制备得到包封药物的复合纳米囊;
步骤2、向高分子聚合物的溶液中加入交联剂,搅拌静置得到可注射水凝胶;
步骤3、将步骤1中得到的复合纳米囊和步骤2得到的可注射水凝胶混合,得到复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系;
其中,步骤3中复合纳米囊与可注射水凝胶按照重量体积比为1:1~1:10混合。
6.根据权利要求5所述方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤1中,复合纳米囊的制备包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1、将需要包封的药物与高分子基材分别用溶剂溶解,混合后进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2、将步骤1-1中的乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3、将步骤1-2中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4、将步骤1-3得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
7.根据权利要求5所述方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤2中,交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,二乙烯基砜,酰肼化合物,壳聚糖等中的一种或几种;
所述步骤2中,高分子聚合物溶液中高分子聚合物的重量百分含量为4wt%~20wt%;所述交联剂在高分子聚合物的溶液中的重量百分含量为0.1wt%~10wt%;
所述步骤2中,搅拌静置温度为20℃~50℃;时间为4~20小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤1-1中,高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解;药物用水或有机溶剂溶解;
其中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、正己烷或环己烷中的一种或几种;
所述步骤1-1中,高分子基材在有机溶剂中的浓度为10mg/mL~100mg/mL;药物在溶剂中的浓度为1mg/mL~30mg/mL;
所述步骤1-1中,水/油乳液的水相与油相的体积比为1:1~1:10;
所述步骤1-1、步骤1-2中,超声乳化的参数为50W~300W,乳化时间为30s~200s;
所述步骤1-2、步骤1-3中,所述的乳化剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、羧甲基葡聚糖、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;
所述步骤1-2、步骤1-3中,所述含有乳化剂的水溶液中乳化剂的重量百分含量为0.01wt%~10wt%;所述乳化剂在乳液体系中的浓度为0.1mg/mL~50mg/mL;
所述步骤1-4中,离心速率为8000~15000rpm;所述冷冻干燥温度为-30℃。
9.根据权利要求5所述方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、制备得到包封药物的复合纳米囊;
步骤2、向重量百分含量为4wt%~20wt%的高分子聚合物水溶液中加入等体积的重量百分含量为0.1wt%~10wt%的交联剂水溶液,在20℃~50℃时搅拌均匀后静置4~20小时得到可注射水凝胶;
步骤3、将步骤1中得到的复合纳米囊和步骤2得到的可注射水凝胶按照重量体积比为1:3~1:5进行混合,得到复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系;
其中,所述步骤2中,交联剂为1,4-丁二醇二环氧醚,戊二醛。
其中,所述步骤1中,
当复合纳米囊中包封的药物为水溶性药物时,复合纳米囊的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1a、将需要包封的水溶性药物用水溶解,将高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解,药物水溶凝与高分子基材有机溶液混合后进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2a、将步骤1-1a中的水/油乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3a、将步骤1-2a中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4a、将步骤1-3a得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,重复此离心-清洗-分散过程3~10次后冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
当复合纳米囊中包封的药物为酯溶性药物时,复合纳米囊的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1b、将需要包封的药物与高分子基材用有机溶剂溶解,共同作为油相与水混合进行超声乳化,形成水/油乳液;
步骤1-2b、将步骤1-1b中的水/油乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,进行二次超声乳化,得到水/油/水乳液;
步骤1-3b、将步骤1-2b中得到的水/油/水乳液加入到含有乳化剂的水溶液中,搅拌除去有机溶剂,得到包封有药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液;
步骤1-4b、将步骤1-3b得到的包封药物的高分子纳米囊水溶液离心,水洗、超声分散,重复此离心-清洗-分散过程3~10次后冷冻干燥,得到复合纳米囊。
所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b中,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、正己烷或环己烷中的一种或几种;
高分子基材在有机溶剂中的浓度为25~100mg/mL;药物在水或者有机溶剂中的浓度为5~20mg/mL;
水/油乳液的水相与油相的体积比为1:5;
所述步骤1-1a、步骤1-1b、步骤1-2a、步骤1-2b中,超声乳化的参数为60~90W,乳化时间为30s;
所述步骤1-2a、步骤1-2b、步骤1-3a、步骤1-3b中,所述的乳化剂为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、羧甲基葡聚糖、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;
所述含有乳化剂的水溶液中乳化剂的重量百分含量为0.1wt%~4wt%;所述乳化剂在乳液体系中的浓度为0.1mg/mL~50mg/mL;
所述步骤1-4a、步骤1-4b中,离心速率为8000~15000rpm;所述冷冻干燥温度为-30℃。
10.权利要求1-4任一项所述复合纳米囊-可注射水凝胶双重载药缓释体系在制备用于局部麻醉、神经修复、造影相关药物中的用途;
所述局部麻醉药相关药物包括利多卡因、布比卡因、甲哌卡因、丁吡卡因、依替卡因、丙胺卡因、罗吡卡因等、普鲁卡因、氯普鲁卡因、丁卡因、可卡因;
所述神经修复类相关药物包括碱性成纤维生长因子、神经生长因子、脑神经生长素注射液、甲钴胺注射液、普立宁钾;
所述造影相关药物包括氟碳液体、含碘制剂、Gd-DTPA及其线型、环型多胺多羧类螯合物、锰的卟啉螯合物。
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