CN107470704B

CN107470704B - Broach structure

Info

Publication number: CN107470704B
Application number: CN201710773254.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 单杰; 汤秀清
Original assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-08-31
Filing date: 2017-08-31
Publication date: 2023-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-31
Also published as: CN107470704A

Abstract

The invention discloses a broach structure, which belongs to the field of numerically-controlled machine tool fixtures and comprises a shafting and a broach component; the broaching tool assembly is coaxially arranged with the shafting and synchronously rotates with the shafting, and comprises a pull rod and a pull claw; the pull rod penetrates through the shaft system along the central axis of the shaft system and extends out of the shaft system, the extending end is fixedly connected with the pull claw, and the pull rod can reciprocate along the central axis of the shaft system to drive the pull claw to extend out of the shaft system or abut against the shaft system; the pull claw has elastic stress shrinking towards the pull rod; the shafting is equipped with along pull rod circumference and is used for keeping away from the broach guide block that the shafting direction was propped up to the pulling pawl, guarantees the stability of structure, because the part that adopts is compared less with current broach structure, consequently the size cooperation between the part also satisfies the uniformity more easily, has reduced loose broach to the influence of shafting precision, has also reduced manufacturing cost and cost of maintenance.

Description

Broach structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a numerical control machine tool fixture, in particular to a broach structure.

Background

At present, a shafting or a machine tool of the HSK knife handle is used, and the knife handle is tensioned mainly by adopting a top core, a pull claw and a sliding core.

However, the existing broach structure for the HSK shank has the following defects:

(1) The machining difficulty is high, the repeated maintenance cost is high, the precision of the corresponding positions of the parts is guaranteed simultaneously due to the fact that the parts are matched, and the handle is tensioned only by the fact that the matched sizes of the parts are changed correspondingly after the sizes of the inner holes of the shafting are changed;

(2) The consistency and the stability are poor, because the matched parts move mutually through size positioning limitation, repeated positioning precision and interchangeability can be ensured only by improving the precision of the parts, and the positions of the parts are not changed after the broaching is loosened each time, so that the shafting performance cannot be ensured.

(3) When the broach mechanism is used as a main shaft or a rotating part in a machine tool and the loose broach is inconsistent, the rotation precision of a shafting can be changed, the service life of parts and the machining precision of equipment can be influenced, and the equipment is damaged when the vibration is overlarge.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a broach structure, which utilizes elastic deformation of a part material, and ensures the tightening structure of a handle by contacting and positioning the deformed part and the handle, thereby reducing the processing difficulty and ensuring the repetition precision.

The aim of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a broach structure comprises a shafting and a broach component; the broaching tool assembly is coaxially arranged with the shaft system and synchronously rotates with the shaft system, and comprises a pull rod and a pull claw; the pull rod penetrates through the shaft system along the central axis of the shaft system and extends out of the shaft system to form an extending end, the extending end is fixedly connected with the pull claw, and the pull rod can reciprocate along the central axis of the shaft system so as to drive the pull claw to extend out of the shaft system or abut against the shaft system; the pull claw has elastic stress shrinking towards the pull rod direction; the shafting is provided with a broach guide block used for expanding the pull claw away from the shafting direction along the circumferential direction of the pull rod.

Further, a cutter unloading surface is formed at the end of the broach assembly and is parallel to the bottom of the assembly hole of the external tool handle.

Further, the broach guide block is of a conical structure, and the top of the conical structure is provided with a round table; the diameter of the broach guide block, which is close to one end of the pulling claw, is smaller than the diameter of the broach guide block, which is far away from one end of the pulling claw.

Further, the pull claw extends towards the length direction of the pull rod, and the tail end of the pull claw is provided with a broach surface which is obliquely tangent with the conical surface of the broach guide block; the broach surface is used for being clamped with the assembly hole of the external tool handle.

Further, one surface of the pull claw, which is close to the broach guide block, is a broach movable surface; the broach movable surface is movably matched with the outer conical surface of the broach guide block.

Further, a limiting part for propping the top of the broach guide block is arranged between the broach moving surface and the pull rod.

Further, the outer edge of the shafting is also provided with a mounting hole for embedding and clamping an external knife handle; the pull claw and the broach guide block are both positioned in the mounting hole.

Further, an abutting portion is formed on the outer edge of the mounting hole; the abutting portion is used for abutting against the outer cutter handle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the pull rod moves relative to the shafting to drive the pull claw to approach or separate from the pull cutter guide block, so that the pull claw expands towards the direction far away from the pull rod or contracts towards the direction near the pull rod to finish the pulling cutter or loose cutter, the pull claw with elastic stress is adopted, only the pull claw deforms in the whole pulling cutter and loose cutter process, no other shafting parts need to be displaced, the matching precision of the shafting parts is improved, the stability of the structure is ensured, and due to the fact that the adopted parts are fewer than the existing pulling cutter structure, the dimensional matching between the parts is easier to meet consistency, the influence of the loose pull cutter on the shafting precision is reduced, and the production cost and the maintenance cost are also reduced.

Because the pull claw is made of elastic materials, the dimensional deviation between the external handle and the shafting after the broaching can be compensated through the elastic characteristics of the pull claw, and the requirement on the machining dimensional accuracy of the parts is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a broach structure of the present invention without an external shank;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the state of the broaching tool according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the broach structure of the present invention in a broach unloading state.

In the figure: 10. a shafting; 11. broach guide blocks; 111. round bench; 12. a mounting hole; 121. an abutting portion; 20. a pull rod; 21. a cutter unloading surface; 30. a pulling claw; 31. broaching face; 32. a broach movable surface; 33. a limit part; 40. an external knife handle; 41. a mounting end; 42. a processing end; 421. a fitting hole; 422. a flange; 423. the bottom of the hole.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein it is to be understood that, on the premise of no conflict, the following embodiments or technical features may be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a broach structure, aiming at the assembly relation between an HSK numerical control tool handle and a shaft system 10, compared with the existing broach structure, the stability and consistency are higher, and the influence of loose broach on the precision of the shaft system 10 is reduced, wherein the broach structure comprises the shaft system 10 and a broach component; the broaching tool assembly is coaxially arranged with the shafting 10 and synchronously rotates with the shafting 10, and comprises a pull rod 20 and a pull claw 30; the pull rod 20 penetrates through the shaft system 10 along the central axis of the shaft system 10 and extends out of the shaft system 10 to form an extending end, the extending end is fixedly connected with the pull claw 30, and the pull rod 20 can reciprocate along the central axis of the shaft system 10 to drive the pull claw 30 to extend out of the shaft system 10 or abut against the shaft system 10; the pull pawl 30 has an elastic stress that contracts toward the pull rod 20; the shafting 10 is provided with a broach guide block 11 for expanding the pulling claw 30 away from the shafting 10 along the circumferential direction of the pull rod 20.

Compared with the existing broach structure for the HSK numerical control tool handle, the broach structure has the advantages that the adopted parts are fewer, the production cost and the maintenance cost are greatly reduced, the broach 30 with elastic stress is adopted, the broach 30 is driven to move relative to the broach guide block 11 through the pull rod 20 along the axial direction of the shaft system 10, the broach 30 is contracted or expanded towards the pull rod 20 through being far away from or close to the broach guide block 11, and the clamping connection is formed between the broach 30 and the assembly hole 421 of the external tool handle 40 through expanding the broach 30, compared with the existing broach structure assembled and combined by parts such as a top core, the broach and a sliding core, the stability is better, the cost of the broach structure is lower under the condition that the same part is matched with the precision is guaranteed, after the broach is finished, the elastic characteristic of the broach 30 compensates the gap size between the external tool handle 40 and the shaft system 10, the structural stability is further improved, the internal precision of the shaft system 10 is not influenced even if the broach is loosened for a plurality of times, and the structural interchangeability is guaranteed.

In this example, the external tool shank 40 includes a mounting end 41 and a processing end 42, the processing end 42 has different shapes according to different processing purposes, and the material requirements are also different; the mounting end 41 is provided with an assembly hole 421 for nesting and matching with the broach assembly, the inner side of the hole wall of the assembly hole 421 is provided with a flange 422 protruding inwards in a circumferential direction, and the flange 422 is used for clamping and matching with the pull claw 30; at the bottom of the fitting hole 421, a hole bottom 423 is formed which is horizontally disposed.

The end of the broach assembly is formed with a relief surface 21, the relief surface 21 being parallel to the bottom of the mounting hole 421 of the outer shank 40. The cutter unloading surface 21 is used for supporting the hole bottom 423 by driving the pull rod 20 when the cutter pulling structure and the external cutter handle 40 are used for loosening the cutter, and assisting the cutter loosening process.

In order to optimize the switching of the two states of the expansion and contraction of the pull claw 30 in the process of driving the pull rod 20, the broach guide block 11 is of a conical structure, and the top of the conical structure is provided with a round table 111; the diameter of one end of the broach guide block 11 close to the broach guide block 30 is smaller than that of one end of the broach guide block 11 far away from the broach guide block 30, and through the conical frustum structure with taper, when the broach guide block 11 is driven to be close to or far away from the broach guide block 30, the broach guide block 11 can be moved by the broach guide block 30 more smoothly, so that the state switching of the broach guide block 30 is smoother, and the stability is improved.

Further, the pull claw 30 extends towards the length direction of the pull rod 20, the tail end of the pull claw is provided with a broach surface 31, and the broach surface 31 is obliquely tangent with the conical surface of the broach guide block 11; the broaching surface 31 is used for being clamped with the assembly hole 421 of the external tool shank 40; the surface of the pull claw 30 close to the broach guide block 11 is a broach movable surface 32; the broach movable surface 32 is movably matched with the outer conical surface of the broach guide block 11.

A limiting part 33 for propping the top of the broach guide block 11 is arranged between the broach moving surface 32 and the pull rod 20, and is used for propping the limiting part 33 through the top of the broach guide block 11 when the pull rod 20 drives the broach claw 30 to approach the broach guide block 11, so that the position of the broach claw 30 is relatively fixed and the broach claw 30 is in a fully unfolded state.

The outer edge of the shafting 10 is also provided with a mounting hole 12 for embedding and clamping the external cutter handle 40, and the mounting hole 12 is used for embedding the mounting end 41 of the external cutter handle 40 into the mounting hole 12 of the cutter structure when the cutter structure performs cutter pulling on the external cutter handle 40, limiting and fixing the external cutter handle 40 and forming a coaxial shaft with the shafting 10; the pull claw 30 and the broach guide block 11 are both positioned in the mounting hole 12, and when the broach structure performs broaching, the pull claw 30 and the broach guide block 11 are naturally positioned in the mounting hole 421 of the external tool shank 40.

As a preferred embodiment, the outer edge of the mounting hole 12 is formed with an abutting portion 121; the abutment 121 is used to abut against the outer handle 40, and forms a limit for the outer handle 40.

When the broaching tool structure is in a state without an external tool handle 40, the pulling claw 30 is driven by the pulling rod 20, the pulling claw 30 moves along the axial direction of the pulling rod 20 and continuously approaches the broaching tool guide block 11, the broaching tool movable surface 32 slides upwards along the outer conical surface of the broaching tool guide block 11, the pulling claw 30 is elastically deformed, the pulling claw 30 is unfolded to enable the broaching tool surface 31 to be far away from the pulling rod 20 until the limiting part 33 abuts against the top of the broaching tool guide block 11, and the limiting requirement is met;

when the broaching structure needs to go to the external tool handle 40 to carry out broaching, and in a broaching state, under the driving action of the pull rod 20, the pull claw 30 moves along the axial direction of the pull rod 20 and continuously moves away from the broaching guide block 11, and the broaching movable surface 32 slides downwards along the outer conical surface of the broaching guide block 11, so that the pull claw 30 is elastically deformed, the pull claw 30 contracts towards the pull rod 20 and is close to the pull rod 20, and the distance between the broaching surfaces 31 is reduced. Then the external cutter handle 40 is embedded into the mounting hole 12, as the distance between the cutter faces 31 is reduced, the flange 422 in the mounting hole 12 can smoothly penetrate between the cutter faces 31 until the external cutter handle 40 abuts against the abutting part 121 of the mounting hole 12 to limit, the pull rod 20 is driven back to drive the pull claw 30 to move along the axial direction of the pull rod 20 and continuously approach the cutter guide block 11, the cutter movable face 32 slides upwards along the outer cone of the cutter guide block 11, the pull claw 30 is elastically deformed, and the pull claw 30 is unfolded in the direction far away from the pull rod 20 until the cutter face 31 abuts against the flange 422 just to finish the cutter;

when the broaching structure is used for removing the broaching, the pull claw 30 is driven by the pull rod 20, the pull claw 30 moves along the axial direction of the pull rod 20 and continuously moves away from the broaching guide block 11, the broaching movable surface 32 slides downwards along the outer conical surface of the broaching guide block 11, the pull claw 30 is elastically deformed, the pull claw 30 contracts towards the pull rod 20 to be close to the pull rod 20, the broaching surface 31 is separated from the flange 422, the distance between the broaching surfaces 31 is reduced to be insufficient to be propped against the flange 422, then the pull rod 20 continuously drives the pull claw 30 to move away from the broaching guide block 11 until the force on the external tool handle 40 in the direction away from the broaching structure is continuously generated after the broaching surface 21 is attached to the hole bottom 423 until the external tool handle 40 is separated from the mounting hole 12 of the shafting 10, the broaching is completed, and then the state steps without the external tool handle 40 are repeated.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A broach structure comprises a shafting and a broach component; the broach assembly and the shafting are coaxially arranged and synchronously rotate with the shafting, and the broach assembly is characterized in that:

the broach assembly comprises a pull rod and a pull claw; the pull rod penetrates through the shaft system along the central axis of the shaft system and extends out of the shaft system to form an extending end, the extending end is fixedly connected with the pull claw, and the pull rod can reciprocate along the central axis of the shaft system so as to drive the pull claw to extend out of the shaft system or abut against the shaft system; the pull claw has elastic stress shrinking towards the pull rod direction; the shafting is provided with a broach guide block used for expanding the pull claw away from the shafting direction along the circumferential direction of the pull rod.

2. The broach structure of claim 1, wherein: the end of the broach assembly is provided with a tool unloading surface which is parallel to the bottom of the assembly hole of the external tool handle.

3. The broach structure of claim 1, wherein: the broach guide block is of a conical structure, and the top of the conical structure is provided with a round table; the diameter of the broach guide block, which is close to one end of the pulling claw, is smaller than the diameter of the broach guide block, which is far away from one end of the pulling claw.

4. A broach structure according to claim 3, wherein: the pull claw extends towards the length direction of the pull rod, and the tail end of the pull claw is provided with a broach surface which is obliquely tangent with the conical surface of the broach guide block; the broach surface is used for being clamped with the assembly hole of the external tool handle.

5. The broach structure of claim 4, wherein: one surface of the pull claw, which is close to the broach guide block, is a broach movable surface; the broach movable surface is movably matched with the outer conical surface of the broach guide block.

6. The broach structure of claim 5, wherein: a limiting part for propping the top of the broach guide block is arranged between the broach moving surface and the pull rod.

7. The broach structure of claim 1, wherein: the outer edge of the shafting is also provided with a mounting hole for embedding and clamping an external knife handle; the pull claw and the broach guide block are both positioned in the mounting hole.

8. The broach structure of claim 7, wherein: an abutting part is formed on the outer edge of the mounting hole; the abutting portion is used for abutting against the outer cutter handle.