CN107460733A - 一种持久疏水织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,步骤1:制备疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球;步骤2:对所制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球进行表面改性,使其表面具备化学反应活泼的‑NCO官能团;步骤3:将改性后的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物的表面,得到持久疏水织物。本发明制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯交联微球疏水性能稳定,加工工艺简单,原料成本低,易于投产。通过表面改性的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球在织物表面构筑疏水结构,疏水效果显著,可维持较长时间的疏水效果;处理温度温和,可有效减少对织物原有性能的影响。通过化学键键合方式将表面改性的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物表面,织物水洗多次后仍具有较强的疏水效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品功能化改性技术领域,尤其涉及一种持久疏水织物的制备方法。
背景技术
浸润性是固体表面的重要特征之一,由表面的化学组成和微观结构共同决定疏水织物具有防水、防污等优良特性,是目前功能纺织品研究的热点之一。科学家在对动植物表面的研究中发现,自然界中通过形成超疏水表面达到自清洁功能的现象更普遍,最典型的如荷叶表面、蝴蝶等鳞翅目昆虫的翅膀、及水鸟的羽毛等。江雷等通过对荷叶、水稻叶、蝉翼以及水黾腿的研究发现,微米结构与纳米结构相结合的阶层结构,是引起表面超疏水的根本原因。因此,在纺织品表面上进行这种微观结构的模仿,通过控制合适的表面形态,可以得到疏水、甚至超疏水的自清洁表面。
在纺织品材料表面构筑这种疏水结构主要通过两种手段:一、在材料表面构筑粗糙结构;二、在粗糙表面上采用低表面能物质进行修饰。目前来说,纺织品疏水处理方式主要溶胶-凝胶法、诱导相分离法、电纺法、湿化学方法、聚合物成膜法等目前在纺织品上应用较多的是溶胶-凝胶法,溶胶凝胶法通常是先制备出纳米SiO2或TiO2溶胶,然后加入改性剂对SiO2或TiO2粒子表面进行疏水处理,再将处理后的溶胶以一定的处理工艺涂抹到纺织材料的表面。但是,通过溶胶凝胶法制备得到超疏水织物的制备方法复杂,且得到的硅胶膜层容易脱落,耐洗性较差。
目前,功能聚合物微球的研究已经成为高分子科学中一个新的研究领域。单分散聚合物微球不仅具有粒径小、比表面积大、以及表面易于通过共聚改性等方法赋予微球多种功能基团等特点,而且还有优良的力学特征及操作简便等优点。目前,单分散功能聚合物微球已经广泛应用在生物化学、免疫医学、固定化酶、高效离子交换树脂、固相合成载体、色谱填料以及其它高新技术领域。
基于此,本发明制备出了一种以疏水型交联型聚苯乙烯微球为载体粒子,并将聚苯乙烯微球通过化学键键合的方式接枝于纺织材料的表面构筑的疏水结构,疏水效果显著,可持久有效的发挥其疏水效果。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制作方便、疏水效果显著、可维持较长时间的疏水效果的疏水织物的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是提供一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法由以下3个步骤组成:
步骤1:制备疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球;
步骤2:对所制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球进行表面改性,使其表面具备化学反应活泼的-NCO官能团;
步骤3:将改性后的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物的表面,得到持久疏水织物。
优选地,所述步骤1中,制备疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球的具体过程如下:
将苯乙烯1-2g、疏水型可自由聚合单体5-10g、水溶性单体0.1-0.2g溶于50-100ml去离子水中,加入50-100mg引发剂APS,再加入0.05-0.1g交联剂N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,通氮气10-30min,升温至60-80℃,机械搅拌反应12-24h;反应完成后,反复用水沉淀提纯,烘干后得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
更优选地,所述苯乙烯占最终混合溶液总量的质量百分比浓度为1%-4%。更优选地,所述疏水型可自由聚合单体为含有双键的含氟单体或有机硅单体;所述含有双键的含氟单体包括:甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯;所述有机硅单体为3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
更优选地,所述水溶性单体包括甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯。
优选地,所述步骤2中,对所制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球进行表面改性的具体方法如下:
取0.2-1g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100ml惰性溶液中,超声波10-40min使微球充分分散,将2-10ml二异氰酸酯加入到所述惰性溶液中,再加入0.1-0.5ml催化剂,40-60℃搅拌反应8-12h,产物经反复过滤沉淀后,真空密封保存。
更优选地,所述惰性溶液包括丙酮溶液、二氧六环溶液、石油醚溶液、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等溶液。
更优选地,所述二异氰酸酯包括异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、対苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
更优选地,所述催化剂包括二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、三亚乙基二胺、钛酸四异丁酯。
更优选地,所述催化剂用量占二异氰酸酯的质量百分比浓度为0.5%-1%。
优选地,所述步骤3中,将改性后的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物的表面的具体方法如下:
将表面改性后的0.2-1g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于惰性溶液中,超声波分散处理10-40min;将1-5g织物利用所述超声波分散处理后的溶液进行浸泡、浸压、沾取或喷涂处理,升温至40-80℃处理6-12h,最终织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
更优选地,所述织物为棉、蚕丝等天然织物,或其它表面含有-OH、-NH2或-COOH等活泼基团的纤维所织成的织物。
优选地,所述1-5g织物利用所述超声波分散处理后的溶液进行浸泡时,浴比为1∶100-1∶200。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯交联微球疏水性能稳定,加工工艺简单,原料成本低,易于投产。
2、本发明通过表面改性的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球在织物表面构筑疏水结构,疏水效果显著,可维持较长时间的疏水效果;处理温度温和,可有效减少对织物原有性能的影响。
3、通过化学键键合方式将表面改性的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物表面,织物水洗多次后仍具有较强的疏水效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球制备原理图;
图2为实施例1中表面改性疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球制备原理图;
图3为实施例1中疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球的SEM图;
图4为实施例1中表面改性疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球SEM图;
图5为实施例1中疏水整理后蚕丝织物的表面形态SEM图;
图6为实施例1中疏水织物水洗20次后的疏水效果SEM图;
图7为实施例2中棉织物水洗30次后的疏水效果SEM图;
图8是实施例3中棉织物经水洗10次后接触角测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)将1.8g苯乙烯、5g甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、0.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.1g N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于100mL去离子水置于250mL三口烧瓶中,通氮气30min搅拌升温至70℃,逐滴加入2mL含有70mg过硫酸铵引发剂APS的水溶液,持续反应12h,反应产物经过滤提纯三次,真空干燥箱40℃烘干,得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
(2)将0.3g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100mL丙酮中,超声波分散30min,逐滴加入2mL异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,逐滴加入0.1mL二月桂酸二丁基锡,真空环境下50℃搅拌反应8h,产物过滤并用大量丙酮冲洗,真空干燥箱室温烘干。
(3)将表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球0.2g溶于200mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,超声波分散15min,将1g蚕丝织物浸泡于溶液中,50℃整理6h,处理后的织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
图1和图2为本实施例中疏水织物制备原理图。由于甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯单体参与聚合反应微球表面分布有大量的-OH官能团。
图3为本实施例中疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球的SEM图,从图中可以看出微球的粒径范围在200-300nm之间。
在二月桂酸二丁基锡作催化剂条件下,异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯中的两个氰酸酯基团化学反应活性不同,活性高的一端氰酸酯官能团与微球表面的羟基发生化学反应,另一端氰酸酯基团则将分布在微球的表面。
图4为本实施例中表面改性后疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球SEM图,从图中可以看出微球粒径范围在250-350nm之间。
图5为本实施例中疏水织物表面形态的SEM图,在图中可以看出在蚕丝纤维表面含有较多的微球。
图6为本实施例中疏水织物水洗20次后的疏水效果SEM图。具体实验步骤:取整理后织物四处不同部位的2×2cm的试样,用双面胶平整贴于载玻片上,取10uL去离子水或含一定浓度的亚甲基蓝水溶液,轻微地滴入到试样表面,测试其表面疏水效果。由于表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球表面的氰酸酯(-NCO)极易与蚕丝纤维表面的-OH、-NH2发生化学反应形成化学键,疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球在蚕丝织物表面结合牢固。因此蚕丝织物水洗20次后仍具有较好的疏水效果,水洗后接触角大小仍可以达到140°。
实施例2
(1)将1.8g苯乙烯、8g甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、0.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.1gN,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于100mL去离子水置于250mL三口烧瓶中,通氮气30min搅拌升温至70℃,逐滴加入2mL含有70mg过硫酸铵引发剂的水溶液,持续反应12h,反应产物经过滤提纯三次,真空干燥箱40℃烘干得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
(2)将0.3g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100mL丙酮中,超声波分散30min,逐滴加入2mL异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,逐滴加入0.1mL二月桂酸二丁基锡,真空环境下50℃搅拌反应8h,产物过滤并用大量丙酮冲洗,真空干燥箱室温烘干。
(3)将表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球0.2g溶于200mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,超声波分散15min,将2g棉织物浸泡于溶液中,50℃整理6h,处理后织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
图7是本实施例中棉织物水洗30次后的疏水效果SEM图,疏水效果可维持2小时以上。水洗后接触角可达到123.4°。
实施例3
(1)将1.8g苯乙烯、5g甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、0.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.1gN,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于100mL去离子水置于250mL三口烧瓶中,通氮气30min搅拌升温至70℃,逐滴加入2mL含有70mg过硫酸铵引发剂的水溶液,持续反应12h,反应产物经过滤提纯三次,真空干燥箱40℃烘干得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
(2)将0.3g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100ml石油醚中,超声波分散30min,逐滴加入2mL二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,逐滴加入0.1mL二月桂酸二丁基锡,真空环境下50℃搅拌反应8h,产物过滤并用大量丙酮冲洗,真空干燥箱室温烘干。
(3)将表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球0.2g溶于200mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,超声波分散15min,将1g棉织物浸泡于溶液中,50℃整理6h,处理后织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
图8是本实施例中棉织物经水洗10次后接触角测试图,水洗后接触角可以达到134°。
实施例4
(1)将1.8g苯乙烯、5g甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、0.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.1g N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于100mL去离子水置于250mL三口烧瓶中,通氮气30min搅拌升温至70℃,逐滴加入2mL含有70mg过硫酸铵引发剂的水溶液,持续反应12h,反应产物经过滤提纯三次,真空干燥箱40℃烘干得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
(2)将0.3g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100石油醚中,超声波分散30min,逐滴加入2mL异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,逐滴加入0.1mL二月桂酸二丁基锡,真空环境下50℃搅拌反应8h,产物过滤并用大量丙酮冲洗,真空干燥箱室温烘干。
(3)将表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球0.2g溶于200mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,超声波分散15min,将1g桑蚕丝织物浸泡于溶液中,50℃整理6h,处理后织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
采用实施例1中的疏水效果测试方法织物水洗15次后水洗效果可维持2h,接触角可达120°。
实施例5
(1)将1.8g苯乙烯、5g甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、0.2g丙烯酸羟丙酯、0.1g N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶于100mL去离子水置于250mL三口烧瓶中,通氮气30min搅拌升温至70℃,逐滴加入2mL含有70mg过硫酸铵引发剂的水溶液,持续反应12h,反应产物经过滤提纯三次,真空干燥箱40℃烘干得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
(2)将0.3g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100ml石油醚中,超声波分散30min,逐滴加入2mL异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯,逐滴加入0.1mL二月桂酸二丁基锡,真空环境下50℃搅拌反应8h,产物过滤并用大量丙酮冲洗,真空干燥箱室温烘干。
(3)将表面改性后的聚苯乙烯交联微球0.2g溶于200mL丙酮中,超声波分散15min,将1g棉织物浸泡于溶液中,50℃整理6h,处理后织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
采用实施例1中的疏水效果测试方法织物水洗10次后水洗效果可维持4h,接触角可达147°。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法由以下3个步骤组成:
步骤1:制备疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球;
步骤2:对所制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球进行表面改性,使其表面具备化学反应活泼的-NCO官能团;
步骤3:将改性后的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物的表面,得到持久疏水织物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中,制备疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球的具体过程如下:
将苯乙烯1-2g、疏水型可自由聚合单体5-10g、水溶性单体0.1-0.2g溶于50-100ml去离子水中,加入50-100mg引发剂APS,再加入0.05-0.1g交联剂N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,通氮气10-30min,升温至60-80℃,机械搅拌反应12-24h;反应完成后,反复用水沉淀提纯,烘干后得到疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述疏水型可自由聚合单体为含有双键的含氟单体或有机硅单体;所述含有双键的含氟单体包括:甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯;所述有机硅单体为3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水溶性单体包括甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,对所制备的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球进行表面改性的具体方法如下:
取0.2-1g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于100ml惰性溶液中,超声波10-40min使微球充分分散,将2-10ml二异氰酸酯加入到所述惰性溶液中,再加入0.1-0.5ml催化剂,40-60℃搅拌反应8-12h,产物经反复过滤沉淀后,真空密封保存。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述惰性溶液包括丙酮溶液、二氧六环溶液、石油醚溶液、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二异氰酸酯包括异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、对苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
8.如权利要求5所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂包括二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、三亚乙基二胺、钛酸四异丁酯。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中,将改性后的疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球接枝于织物的表面的具体方法如下:
将表面改性后的0.2-1g疏水型交联聚苯乙烯微球溶于惰性溶液中,超声波分散处理10-40min;将1-5g织物利用所述超声波分散处理后的溶液进行浸泡、浸压、沾取或喷涂处理,升温至40-80℃处理6-12h,最终织物用丙酮清洗,真空干燥箱烘干。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种持久疏水织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述织物为棉、蚕丝织物,或其它表面含有-OH、-NH2或-COOH活泼基团的纤维所织成的织物。
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CN104562679A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江理工大学 | 制备具有疏水性可调控的光子晶体结构色纺织品的方法 |
CN106167551A (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-30 | 华南理工大学 | 一种抗水冲刷超疏水复合膜及其制法和应用 |
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US5866153A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1999-02-02 | Novartis Corporation | Process for the preparation of microcapsules |
CN104562679A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江理工大学 | 制备具有疏水性可调控的光子晶体结构色纺织品的方法 |
CN106167551A (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-30 | 华南理工大学 | 一种抗水冲刷超疏水复合膜及其制法和应用 |
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EP4269454A4 (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2024-11-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | WATER-REPELLENT ORGANIC FINE PARTICLES WITH ANTI-SLIP EFFECT |
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