CN107421157B - Ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system and method - Google Patents
Ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
- F25B19/02—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour using fluid jet, e.g. of steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system and a method, wherein the system comprises an absorber which is connected with a pump; after the basic working fluid from the absorber is pressurized by a pump, one part of the basic working fluid enters a first rectifying tower to recover the rectification heat of the basic working fluid, the other part of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger to exchange heat, and the fluid processed by the first rectifying tower and the regenerative heat exchanger is mixed and then enters a boiler to be heated; the boiler is used for heating the mixed fluid and generating saturated steam to enter the first rectifying tower for rectification, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange through the regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solution from the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters the absorber to absorb the ammonia steam from the evaporator and the refrigeration heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of refrigeration composite circulation, and particularly relates to an ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system and a method.
Background
In recent years, the excessive development of fossil energy causes a series of ecological problems, realizes the reasonable and efficient utilization of low-temperature heat sources, and has important significance for reducing the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, reducing the emission of related pollutants and greenhouse gases, adjusting energy consumption structures, protecting ecological environments and establishing a resource-saving society. The low-temperature heat source comprises solar energy, geothermal energy, and waste heat in industrial production, and the energy has the characteristics of large reserve, wide distribution and low grade. However, when the temperature of the heat source is low, it is difficult for the conventional power cycle to efficiently convert and utilize the low-grade heat energy. In this regard, Kalina, Alefeld, Goswami et al teach a series of cycles with non-azeotropic mixtures of ammonia as the working fluid.
The Kalina cycle uses the absorption mode to solve the too high problem of turbine exhaust back pressure in the power cycle of ammonia water, has raised the efficiency of the power cycle of ammonia water. Compared with the Kalina cycle, the Goswam cycle has the biggest characteristic of not only outputting work but also outputting cold energy, so that the Goswam cycle can meet various requirements. In the Goswam circulation, a throttle valve in absorption refrigeration is replaced by a turbine, concentrated ammonia steam from a rectifier enters the turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust gas of the turbine enters a heat exchanger (regeneration heat exchanger) to absorb heat for refrigeration. The Goswam circulation structure is simple, the Goswam circulation structure can be driven by low-temperature heat sources such as solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heat, however, the circulation utilizes the sensible heat of turbine exhaust gas to refrigerate, the specific heat capacity of gas is small, so that the refrigerating capacity of unit mass working media is very limited, the output cold-power ratio is only 0.08, and the lowest refrigerating temperature is only 6.85 ℃; in addition, the turbine and the heat exchanger are connected in series in the circulation, the work doing and refrigerating capacity is limited by factors such as turbine backpressure and exhaust gas dryness, and the output cold-work ratio is difficult to adjust.
In conclusion, the Goswami power-cold combined supply system has the problems of small refrigerating capacity and difficulty in adjusting the cold-power ratio, and the thermal performance of the existing refrigerating composite circulating system is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system, which solves the problems of small refrigerating capacity and difficult adjustment of cold power ratio of a Goswami power-cold combined supply system by coupling an ammonia absorption/injection type refrigeration circulation mode, creatively adopts a graded rectification mode, and a first rectifier adopts an internal cooling mode to recover all rectification heat of the first rectifier so as to improve the thermal performance of the combined supply system.
The invention relates to an ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system, which comprises:
an absorber connected to the pump; after the basic working fluid from the absorber is pressurized by a pump, one part of the basic working fluid enters a first rectifying tower to recover the rectification heat of the basic working fluid, the other part of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger to exchange heat, and the fluid processed by the first rectifying tower and the regenerative heat exchanger is mixed and then enters a boiler to be heated;
the boiler is used for heating the mixed fluid and generating saturated steam to enter the first rectifying tower for rectification, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange through the regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solution from the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters the absorber to absorb the ammonia steam from the evaporator and the refrigeration heat exchanger;
part of saturated steam from the top of the first rectifying tower is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust gas enters a refrigeration heat exchanger to absorb heat for refrigeration; the other part of the ammonia steam enters a second rectifying tower for further rectification and then enters an ejector to be used as working fluid to eject part of saturated steam coming out of the evaporator, and the two parts of the saturated steam are mixed in the ejector;
the mixed working medium at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated; and the other part of the saturated steam at the outlet of the evaporator enters the absorber, thereby completing a circulation process.
Further, ammonia saturated steam is obtained at the top of the first rectifying tower, and a dilute saturated solution is obtained at the bottom of the first rectifying tower.
Furthermore, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange by the regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solutions from the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters the absorber after being throttled by the first throttle valve.
Furthermore, the mixed working medium at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated after being throttled by a second throttle valve.
Further, the saturated steam coming out from the top of the first rectifying tower is divided by the flow divider.
The invention further provides a working method of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system based on the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system.
The working method of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system comprises the following steps:
after the basic working fluid from the absorber is pressurized by a pump, one part of the basic working fluid enters a first rectifying tower to recover the rectification heat of the basic working fluid, the other part of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger to exchange heat, and the fluid processed by the first rectifying tower and the regenerative heat exchanger is mixed and then enters a boiler to be heated;
the boiler heats the mixed fluid and generates saturated steam to enter a first rectifying tower for rectification, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange through a regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solution from the first rectifying tower and a second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters an absorber to absorb ammonia steam from an evaporator and a refrigeration heat exchanger;
part of saturated steam from the top of the first rectifying tower is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust gas enters a refrigeration heat exchanger to absorb heat for refrigeration; the other part of the ammonia steam enters a second rectifying tower for further rectification and then enters an ejector to be used as working fluid to eject part of saturated steam coming out of the evaporator, and the two parts of the saturated steam are mixed in the ejector; the mixed working medium at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated; and the other part of the saturated steam at the outlet of the evaporator enters the absorber, thereby completing a circulation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the power-cooling combined supply system provided by the invention adopts a mode that the ejector is connected with the turbine in parallel, and the output cooling-power ratio can be adjusted according to different requirements of user loads. The system can provide a new solution for the efficient conversion and the full utilization of the low-temperature waste heat.
The Goswam circulation and the absorption/injection type refrigeration circulation are coupled and integrated, so that the circulation refrigerating capacity is increased, and the cold power ratio of the combined supply system is improved; adjusting the output work-cooling ratio by changing the split ratio (SP);
the invention adopts a two-stage rectification mode, which is convenient for recovering part of rectification heat and improves the thermal performance of the system;
the invention introduces the ejector, and consumes certain heat energy without consuming the output work of the turbine, thereby improving the thermal performance of the combined supply system under the condition of increasing the output cold quantity of the system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system of the present invention.
Wherein, A is an absorber; p-a pump; v-1-first throttle valve; r-a heat regenerator; b, a boiler; rec1 — first rectifier; s-superheater; t-turbine; RHE — refrigeration heat exchanger; rec2 — second rectifier; EJ-ejector; c, a condenser; v-2-second throttle valve; e, an evaporator.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration combined cycle system of the present invention includes:
the system comprises an absorber, a pump, a first rectifying tower, a regenerative heat exchanger, a boiler, a second rectifying tower, an evaporator, a refrigeration heat exchanger, a superheater, a turbine and an inlet ejector.
Specifically, the working process of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system comprises the following steps:
a part (2') of basic working fluid (1) from the absorber (A) is pressurized by a pump (P) and used as a cooling medium of a first rectifying tower (Rec1) to recover all rectifying heat, the other part (2') of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger (R) for heat exchange, and two fluids (15 and 3) are mixed and then (4) enter a boiler (B) for heating.
Saturated steam (5) generated by heating the boiler (B) enters a first rectifying tower (Rec1) for rectification, ammonia saturated steam (7) with higher concentration is obtained at the tower top, and dilute saturated solution (6) is obtained at the tower bottom; the dilute solution (11) discharged from the bottom of the boiler is mixed with the dilute solutions (6, 17) from the bottoms of the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower (Rec2) after heat exchange by the regenerative heat exchanger (R), and the mixed solution (13) enters the absorber (A) to absorb ammonia vapor (18 and 10) from the evaporator (E) and the Refrigeration Heat Exchanger (RHE).
High-purity saturated steam coming out of the top of the first rectifying tower (Rec1) is split, a part (7') of the high-purity saturated steam enters a turbine (T) for expansion work after being heated by a heat exchanger (S), and exhaust gas (9) enters a Refrigeration Heat Exchanger (RHE) for heat absorption and refrigeration; the other part of the ammonia vapor (7') enters a second rectifying tower (Rec2) for further rectification to obtain ammonia vapor (16) with higher concentration, the part of the ammonia vapor enters an Ejector (EJ) and is used as a working fluid to eject part of saturated vapor (22) coming out of an Evaporator (EV), and the two flows are mixed in the Ejector (EJ). The mixed working medium (18) at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser (C) to be condensed into saturated solution (19), and then enters an evaporator (E) to be evaporated and refrigerated; and the other part of saturated steam at the outlet of the Evaporator (EV) enters the absorber (A) to be absorbed by the dilute solution (14), thereby completing a circulation process.
Wherein the mixed liquid (13) enters the absorber (A) after being throttled by the first throttle valve (V-1) to absorb ammonia vapor (18 and 10) from the evaporator (E) and the Refrigeration Heat Exchanger (RHE).
Specifically, the mixed working medium (18) at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser (C) to be condensed into a saturated solution (19), and then enters an evaporator (E) for evaporation and refrigeration after being throttled by a second throttle valve (V-2).
Specifically, the high-purity saturated steam from the top of the first rectification column (Rec1) is split by a Splitter (SP).
The invention uses EES software to establish a thermodynamic model of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulating system.
For the convenience of analysis and discussion, the mass flow rate of the ammonia solution at the 1-point outlet of the absorber is selected to be 1 kg-s-1The pressure was 0.21MPa, the turbine inlet pressure was 2.00MPa, the heat source temperature was 117 ℃ and the ejector outlet pressure was set to 0.80MPa, with the other input parameters as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 System input parameters
And calculating the thermodynamic parameter values of each state point of the system according to the established thermodynamic model and the physical property parameters of the working medium, wherein the thermodynamic parameter values are shown in a table 2.
The performance calculation results of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system are shown in table 3, and the calculation results show that under the design working condition, the combined heat efficiency of the ammonia absorption type power and injection type refrigeration composite circulation system is 19.69%, and the rectification heat of the first rectifier is completely recovered and combinedThe efficiency can reach 31.38%.
TABLE 2 calculation results for each point in the cycle
TABLE 3 Co-conformability calculation results
The power-cooling combined supply system provided by the invention adopts a mode that the ejector is connected with the turbine in parallel, and the output cooling-power ratio can be adjusted according to different requirements of user loads. The system can provide a new solution for the efficient conversion and the full utilization of the low-temperature waste heat.
The Goswam circulation and the absorption/injection type refrigeration circulation are coupled and integrated, so that the circulation refrigerating capacity is increased, and the cold power ratio of the combined supply system is improved; adjusting the output work-cooling ratio by changing the split ratio (SP);
the invention adopts a two-stage rectification mode, which is convenient for recovering part of rectification heat and improves the thermal performance of the system;
the invention introduces the ejector, and consumes certain heat energy without consuming the output work of the turbine, thereby improving the thermal performance of the combined supply system under the condition of increasing the output cold quantity of the system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system, comprising:
an absorber connected to the pump; after the basic working fluid from the absorber is pressurized by a pump, one part of the basic working fluid enters a first rectifying tower to recover the rectification heat of the basic working fluid, the other part of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger to exchange heat, and the fluid processed by the first rectifying tower and the regenerative heat exchanger is mixed and then enters a boiler to be heated;
the boiler is used for heating the mixed fluid and generating saturated steam to enter the first rectifying tower for rectification, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange through the regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solution from the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters the absorber to absorb the ammonia steam from the evaporator and the refrigeration heat exchanger;
part of saturated steam from the top of the first rectifying tower is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust gas enters a refrigeration heat exchanger to absorb heat for refrigeration; the other part of the ammonia steam enters a second rectifying tower for further rectification and then enters an ejector to be used as working fluid to eject part of saturated steam coming out of the evaporator, and the two parts of the saturated steam are mixed in the ejector;
the mixed working medium at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated; the other part of the saturated steam at the outlet of the evaporator enters an absorber, thereby completing a cycle process;
and the saturated steam coming out of the top of the first rectifying tower is divided by the flow divider.
2. The ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system of claim 1, wherein the ammonia saturated vapor is obtained at the top of the first rectification column and the dilute saturated solution is obtained at the bottom of the first rectification column.
3. The ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is mixed with the bottom solutions from the first rectifying tower and the second rectifying tower after heat exchange by the recuperative heat exchanger, and the mixed solution enters the absorber after being throttled by the first throttle valve.
4. The ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein the mixed working medium at the outlet of the injector enters a condenser to be condensed into a saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated after being throttled by the second throttle valve.
5. A method of operating an ammonia absorption power and injection refrigeration combined cycle system as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
after the basic working fluid from the absorber is pressurized by a pump, one part of the basic working fluid enters a first rectifying tower to recover the rectification heat of the basic working fluid, the other part of the basic working fluid enters a regenerative heat exchanger to exchange heat, and the fluid processed by the first rectifying tower and the regenerative heat exchanger is mixed and then enters a boiler to be heated;
the boiler heats the mixed fluid and generates saturated steam to enter a first rectifying tower for rectification, the solution discharged from the bottom of the boiler is subjected to heat exchange through a regenerative heat exchanger and then is mixed with the tower bottom solution from the first rectifying tower and a second rectifying tower, and the mixed solution enters an absorber to absorb ammonia steam from an evaporator and a refrigeration heat exchanger;
part of saturated steam from the top of the first rectifying tower is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust gas enters a refrigeration heat exchanger to absorb heat for refrigeration; the other part of the ammonia steam enters a second rectifying tower for further rectification and then enters an ejector to be used as working fluid to eject part of saturated steam coming out of the evaporator, and the two parts of the saturated steam are mixed in the ejector; the mixed working medium at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated; the other part of the saturated steam at the outlet of the evaporator enters an absorber, thereby completing a cycle process;
and the saturated steam coming out of the top of the first rectifying tower is divided by the flow divider.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the ammonia saturated vapor is obtained from the top of the first rectification column and the dilute saturated solution is obtained from the bottom of the first rectification column.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the solution from the boiler bottom is mixed with the bottoms solution from the first and second rectification columns after heat exchange in the recuperator, and the mixed solution is throttled by the first throttle valve and enters the absorber.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the mixed working fluid at the outlet of the ejector enters a condenser to be condensed into a saturated solution, and then enters an evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated after being throttled by the second throttle valve.
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| CN110345458B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Low-temperature waste heat and electrically driven high-temperature composite heat pump system and steam generation method |
| CN112413922B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-06-21 | 山东大学 | Power-cooling combined supply system and method for fully utilizing middle-low grade industrial waste heat |
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| CN102242985A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration |
| CN103267384A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-28 | 山东大学 | Ammonia power or refrigerating composite circulating system with adjustable output cold power ratio |
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| CN101319828A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2008-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | Absorption type refrigeration and power combined circulating system |
| CN102242985A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration |
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