CN107399748B - A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite - Google Patents
A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/14—Magnesium hydroxide
- C01F5/16—Magnesium hydroxide by treating magnesia, e.g. calcined dolomite, with water or solutions of salts not containing magnesium
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- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
- C01F11/181—Preparation of calcium carbonate by carbonation of aqueous solutions and characterised by control of the carbonation conditions
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- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/14—Magnesium hydroxide
- C01F5/20—Magnesium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions of magnesium salts with ammonia
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of from dolomite extracts the production method of magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, belongs to new chemical materials technical field.A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, including the following steps: (1) prepare light dolomite powder;(2) light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing obtained step (1) imports in reactor, ammonia still process reaction is carried out under 80~105 DEG C and 200~1000r/min stirring rate, ammonia still process liquid is obtained through filtering after reaction 0.5~4 hour, and passes through air and liquid mixer for the Ammonia recovery steamed in ammonia tank;(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared;(4) calcium carbonate is prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of from dolomite extracts the production method of magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, belongs to new chemical materials
Technical field.
Background technique
Magnesium hydroxide is a kind of inorganic additive flame retardant, and thermal decomposition temperature is up to 350 DEG C, more inorganic than currently used
Fire retardant aluminium hydroxide is higher by 140 DEG C, and the synthetic material for adding magnesium hydroxide can be made to bear higher processing temperature, is conducive to add
Fast extrusion molding speed, shortens molding cycle, while helping to improve flame retarding efficiency.Because its with low cigarette, nontoxic, thermal stability is good,
The advantages that cheap, at home and abroad by increasingly extensive use.
Prepare at present high-quality magnesium hydroxide is mainly few using impurity content, content of magnesium is high magnesite, brine as raw material into
Row production, and seldom use dolomite.Although its main ingredient is MgCO because dolomite reserves are big, distribution is wide3·CaCO3
And silica, wherein magnesium, calcium content are close to 1:1, so when producing high-quality magnesium hydroxide with dolomite, it is necessary to first remove calcium
It goes.Usually first by dolomite calcination, is then digested, is carbonized, calcium composition is separated off, basic magnesium carbonate is obtained, into
And again, alkalization obtains magnesium hydroxide after calcining, and this method process is cumbersome, and magnesium recovery rate is lower, and energy consumption is high, and easily causes environment
Pollution, and be mostly used to prepare magnesia.
The problem of in order to improve high-efficiency environment friendly energy-conservation that dolomite utilizes, the present invention use circulation ammonia process with dolomite for original
Material is prepared for the new production process of high-purity type or fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate (such as threadiness), the production process
Simply, low for equipment requirements, production cost is low, easily operated, and energy-saving is consumed, and high-performance magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are realized
The coproduction of high value added product, dolomite have obtained efficient utilization.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention has made improvements in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, i.e., the invention discloses one kind
The production method of magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate is extracted from dolomite, this method is in the condition without using auxiliary agents such as surfactants
Under be able to produce high-purity type magnesium hydroxide (purity > 98.5%) and calcium carbonate (such as threadiness).The production method is led to by dolomite
Cross ammonia, carbon dioxide recycle method prepares magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate new process, and this method production cost is low, and process is simple
Easy to industrialized production, economic and environment-friendly, product surcharge is high, utilizes dolomite resources efficiently.
Technical solution: a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, including following step
It is rapid:
(1) light dolomite powder is prepared
(11) dolomite is added in ball mill and smashes it through 50~800 mesh screens, obtain dolomite dust;
(12) it by dolomite dust as in Muffle furnace, and is calcined 1~6 hour at 750~1000 DEG C and obtains light-burned white clouds
Mountain flour, and the carbon dioxide gas of generation is recovered in carbon dioxide storage tank by air and liquid mixer;
(2) ammonia still process is reacted
Light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing that step (1) is obtained import in reactor, at 80~105 DEG C and
Ammonia still process reaction is carried out under 200~1000r/min stirring rate, obtains ammonia still process liquid through filtering after reaction 0.5~4 hour, and pass through
Air and liquid mixer is by the Ammonia recovery steamed in ammonia tank, in which:
The sum of magnesium calcium ion and the ratio of ammonium ion are 1:(2~8 in light dolomite powder);
(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared
(31) the ammonia still process liquid for obtaining step (2) imports in the bubble type reaction kettle of belt stirrer, is passed through step (2) and obtains
Ammonia formed intermediate fluid, then react 2~10 hours and obtain at 200~1000r/min stirring rate, 40~180 DEG C again
Reaction solution, in which:
Ammonium salt and magnesium ion ratio in intermediate fluid are (1~100): 1;
(32) reaction solution for passing through filter press filtration step (31), obtains solid product and filtrate, solid product is washed,
After drying process to get arrive high-purity type magnesium hydroxide or fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide;
(4) calcium carbonate is prepared
(41) in the reactor of the filtrate lead-in zone stirring obtained step (32), it is passed through excessive step (12) recycling
Carbon dioxide gas, and react 0.5~3h at 100r/min~1000r/min stirring rate, 40~130 DEG C and reacted
Liquid;
(42) reaction solution obtained by filter press filtration step (41), obtains solid product and filtrate, by solid product
Washing, be dried after to get arrive calcium carbonate.
Further, magnesium ion concentration is 0.5~1.3molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, calcium ion concentration is 0.5~2.0molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, filtrate obtained in step (32) and step (42) can join as the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2)
It is reacted with ammonia still process.
Further, the air and liquid mixer in step (12) and step (2) is jet pump.
Further, high-purity type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is the magnesium hydroxide that purity is higher than 98.5wt%.
Further, fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is hexagonal flake fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide.
Further, the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is that aqueous ammonium nitrate solution, aqueous ammonium chloride solution, ammonium sulfate are water-soluble
One of liquid, ammonium acetate aqueous solution.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of magnesium hydroxide and the production method of calcium carbonate of extracting from dolomite disclosed by the invention has
Below the utility model has the advantages that
1, it uses dolomite for raw material, can efficiently extract magnesium in dolomite and calcium through ammonia still process reaction and except de-iron, two
The impurity such as silica, magnesium sinking reacts not only available high-performance magnesium hydroxide, but also the separation of magnesium calcium may be implemented, ammonia, dioxy
Change carbon, which can achieve, to be recycled, and process flow is short, easy to operate, CR production;
2, ammonia still process solution and magnesium sinking filter are passed directly by way of bubbling using bubbling reactor, ammonia and carbon dioxide
Liquid, thus optimizing reaction system macroscopic view and microcosmic mixed effect;
3, obtained magnesium hydroxide products particle crystal form rule is full, uniform and good dispersion, and specific surface area is 5~
8m2·g-1, better than the 10m of industrial requirements2·g-1, product particle even particle size distribution (narrow distribution range), average grain diameter D50It can
Control is between 0.5-5 μm, and the largest particles partial size is less than 7.0 μm;
4, reaction is in relatively mild temperature (magnesium sinking reacts 40~180 DEG C, and the calcium that sinks reacts 40-130 DEG C) and pressure (in 1MPa
Experiment is completed under the conditions of below), without acting the auxiliary agent (such as surfactant) for adjusting product crystal form and dispersibility, operating procedure letter
Single, required equipment is easy to accomplish and occupied area is few, and can be good at controlling powder diameter distribution and crystal form.In reaction process
In do not use surfactant, thus lower production cost and the external world environmental pollution.
5, reaction process can be recycled carbon dioxide, ammonium salt, ammonia and realize that it is recycled, and further improve the technique
Economic benefit reduces pollutant emission.
6, the technique that the present invention develops being capable of synthesized high-performance fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide product and fibrous calcium carbonate crystalline substance
Must, easy to operate, required equipment requirement is not high, and equipment investment expense is low, recycles by-product, is suitable for commercial scale metaplasia
It produces.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of production method preparation that magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are extracted from dolomite disclosed by the invention
Magnesium hydroxide particle SEM figure;
Fig. 2 is a kind of production method preparation that magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are extracted from dolomite disclosed by the invention
Magnesium hydroxide particle size distribution figure;
Fig. 3 is a kind of production method preparation that magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are extracted from dolomite disclosed by the invention
Magnesium hydroxide particle XRD diagram
Fig. 4 is a kind of production method preparation that magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are extracted from dolomite disclosed by the invention
Calcium carbonate granule XRD diagram;
Fig. 5 is a kind of production method preparation that magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are extracted from dolomite disclosed by the invention
Calcium carbonate granule SEM figure.
Specific embodiment:
Detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention below.
Specific embodiment 1
A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, including the following steps:
(1) light dolomite powder is prepared
(11) dolomite is added in ball mill and smashes it through 50 mesh screens, obtain dolomite dust;
(12) it by dolomite dust as in Muffle furnace, and is calcined 6 hours at 750 DEG C and obtains light dolomite powder, and led to
It crosses air and liquid mixer the carbon dioxide gas of generation is recovered in carbon dioxide storage tank;
(2) ammonia still process is reacted
Light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing that step (1) is obtained import in reactor, at 80 DEG C and
Ammonia still process reaction is carried out under 1000r/min stirring rate, obtains ammonia still process liquid through filtering after reaction 0.5 hour, and pass through gas-liquid mixed
Device is by the Ammonia recovery steamed in ammonia tank, in which:
The sum of magnesium calcium ion and the ratio of ammonium ion are 1:2 in light dolomite powder;
(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared
(31) the ammonia still process liquid for obtaining step (2) imports in the bubble type reaction kettle of belt stirrer, is passed through step (2) and obtains
Ammonia formed intermediate fluid, then reacted 10 hours at 200r/min stirring rate, 40 DEG C again and obtain reaction solution, in which:
Ammonium salt and magnesium ion ratio in intermediate fluid are 1:1;
The SEM of the magnesium hydroxide of preparation schemes as shown in Figure 1, the grain size distribution of the magnesium hydroxide of preparation is as shown in Fig. 2, system
The XRD diagram of standby magnesium hydroxide is as shown in Figure 3;
(32) reaction solution for passing through filter press filtration step (31), obtains solid product and filtrate, solid product is washed,
After drying process to get arrive high-purity type magnesium hydroxide;
(4) calcium carbonate is prepared
(41) in the reactor of the filtrate lead-in zone stirring obtained step (32), it is passed through excessive step (12) recycling
Carbon dioxide gas, and react 3h at 100r/min stirring rate, 40 DEG C and obtain reaction solution;
(42) reaction solution obtained by filter press filtration step (41), obtains solid product and filtrate, by solid product
Washing, be dried after to get arrive calcium carbonate.
The SEM of the calcium carbonate of preparation schemes and XRD diagram is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Its main chemical reactions equation is as follows:
The calcining of dolomite:
Ammonia still process reaction:
Magnesium sinking reaction: MgR+NH3+H2O→Mg(OH)2↓+NH4R
Heavy calcium reaction: CaR+CO2+NH3→CaCO3↓+NH4R
Wherein, NH4R represents ammonium salt, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate.
Further, magnesium ion concentration is 0.5molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, calcium ion concentration is 0.5molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, the air and liquid mixer in step (12) and step (2) is jet pump.
Further, high-purity type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is the magnesium hydroxide that purity is higher than 98.5wt%.
Further, the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is aqueous ammonium nitrate solution.
Specific embodiment 2
Roughly the same with specific embodiment 1, difference is only in that filtrate obtained in step (32) and step (42) can be made
Ammonia still process reaction is participated in for the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2).
Specific embodiment 3
A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, including the following steps:
(1) light dolomite powder is prepared
(11) dolomite is added in ball mill and smashes it through 800 mesh screens, obtain dolomite dust;
(12) it by dolomite dust as in Muffle furnace, and is calcined 1 hour at 1000 DEG C and obtains light dolomite powder, and led to
It crosses air and liquid mixer the carbon dioxide gas of generation is recovered in carbon dioxide storage tank;
(2) ammonia still process is reacted
Light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing that step (1) is obtained import in reactor, at 105 DEG C and
Ammonia still process reaction is carried out under 200r/min stirring rate, obtains ammonia still process liquid through filtering after reaction 4 hours, and will by air and liquid mixer
The Ammonia recovery steamed is in ammonia tank, in which:
The sum of magnesium calcium ion and the ratio of ammonium ion are 1:8 in light dolomite powder;
(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared
(31) the ammonia still process liquid for obtaining step (2) imports in the bubble type reaction kettle of belt stirrer, is passed through step (2) and obtains
Ammonia formed intermediate fluid, then reacted 2 hours at 1000r/min stirring rate, 180 DEG C again and obtain reaction solution, in which:
Ammonium salt and magnesium ion ratio in intermediate fluid are 100:1;
(32) reaction solution for passing through filter press filtration step (31), obtains solid product and filtrate, solid product is washed,
After drying process to get arrive fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide;
(4) calcium carbonate is prepared
(41) in the reactor of the filtrate lead-in zone stirring obtained step (32), it is passed through excessive step (12) recycling
Carbon dioxide gas, and react 0.5h at 1000r/min stirring rate, 130 DEG C and obtain reaction solution;
(42) reaction solution obtained by filter press filtration step (41), obtains solid product and filtrate, by solid product
Washing, be dried after to get arrive calcium carbonate.
Further, magnesium ion concentration is 1.3molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, calcium ion concentration is 2.0molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, the air and liquid mixer in step (12) and step (2) is jet pump.
Further, fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is hexagonal flake fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide.
Further, the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is aqueous ammonium chloride solution.
Specific embodiment 4
Roughly the same with specific embodiment 3, difference is only in that: filtrate obtained in step (32) and step (42) can be made
Ammonia still process reaction is participated in for the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2).
Specific embodiment 5
A kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, including the following steps:
(1) light dolomite powder is prepared
(11) dolomite is added in ball mill and smashes it through 200 mesh screens, obtain dolomite dust;
(12) it by dolomite dust as in Muffle furnace, and is calcined 3 hours at 850 DEG C and obtains light dolomite powder, and led to
It crosses air and liquid mixer the carbon dioxide gas of generation is recovered in carbon dioxide storage tank;
(2) ammonia still process is reacted
Light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing that step (1) is obtained import in reactor, in 95 DEG C and 600r/
Ammonia still process reaction is carried out under min stirring rate, obtains ammonia still process liquid through filtering after reaction 2 hours, and will steam by air and liquid mixer
Ammonia recovery in ammonia tank, in which:
The sum of magnesium calcium ion and the ratio of ammonium ion are 1:5 in light dolomite powder;
(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared
(31) the ammonia still process liquid for obtaining step (2) imports in the bubble type reaction kettle of belt stirrer, is passed through step (2) and obtains
Ammonia formed intermediate fluid, then reacted 6 hours at 600r/min stirring rate, 120 DEG C again and obtain reaction solution, in which:
Ammonium salt and magnesium ion ratio in intermediate fluid are 50:1;
(32) reaction solution for passing through filter press filtration step (31), obtains solid product and filtrate, solid product is washed,
After drying process to get arrive fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide;
(4) calcium carbonate is prepared
(41) in the reactor of the filtrate lead-in zone stirring obtained step (32), it is passed through excessive step (12) recycling
Carbon dioxide gas, and react 2h at 500r/min stirring rate, 90 DEG C and obtain reaction solution;
(42) reaction solution obtained by filter press filtration step (41), obtains solid product and filtrate, by solid product
Washing, be dried after to get arrive calcium carbonate.
Further, magnesium ion concentration is 1molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, calcium ion concentration is 1molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
Further, the air and liquid mixer in step (12) and step (2) is jet pump.
Further, fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is hexagonal flake fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide.
Further, the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is ammonium sulfate solution.
Specific embodiment 6
Remaining specific embodiment 5 is roughly the same, and difference is only in that: the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is that ammonium acetate is water-soluble
Liquid.
Specific embodiment 7
Remaining specific embodiment 5 is roughly the same, and difference is only in that: filtrate obtained in step (32) and step (42) can be made
Ammonia still process reaction is participated in for the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2).
Embodiments of the present invention are elaborated above.But present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above,
Technical field those of ordinary skill within the scope of knowledge, can also do without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various change out.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) light dolomite powder is prepared
(11) dolomite is added in ball mill and smashes it through 50~800 mesh screens, obtain dolomite dust;
(12) it by dolomite dust as in Muffle furnace, and is calcined 1~6 hour at 750~1000 DEG C and obtains light dolomite powder,
And the carbon dioxide gas of generation is recovered in carbon dioxide storage tank by air and liquid mixer;
(2) ammonia still process is reacted
Light dolomite powder and the ammonium salt aqueous solution mixing that step (1) is obtained import in reactor, at 80~105 DEG C and 200
Ammonia still process reaction is carried out under~1000r/min stirring rate, obtains ammonia still process liquid through filtering after reaction 0.5~4 hour, and pass through gas-liquid
Mixer is by the Ammonia recovery steamed in ammonia tank, in which:
The sum of magnesium calcium ion and the ratio of ammonium ion are 1:(2~8 in light dolomite powder);
(3) magnesium hydroxide is prepared
(31) the ammonia still process liquid for obtaining step (2) imports in the bubble type reaction kettle of belt stirrer, is passed through the ammonia that step (2) obtains
Gas forms intermediate fluid, then reacts 2~10 hours and is reacted at 200~1000r/min stirring rate, 40~180 DEG C again
Liquid, in which:
Ammonium salt and magnesium ion ratio in intermediate fluid are (1~100): 1;
(32) reaction solution for passing through filter press filtration step (31), obtains solid product and filtrate, by solid product washing, drying
After processing to get arrive high-purity type magnesium hydroxide or fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide;
(4) calcium carbonate is prepared
(41) in the reactor of the filtrate lead-in zone stirring obtained step (32), it is passed through the dioxy of excessive step (12) recycling
Change carbon gas, and reacts 0.5~3h at 100r/min~1000r/min stirring rate, 40~130 DEG C and obtain reaction solution;
(42) reaction solution obtained by filter press filtration step (41), obtains solid product and filtrate, solid product is washed,
After drying process to get arrive calcium carbonate, in which:
Magnesium ion concentration is 0.5~1.3molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1;
Calcium ion concentration is 0.5~2.0molL in the ammonia still process liquid of step (2)-1。
2. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite according to claim 1, feature
It is, filtrate obtained in step (32) and step (42) can participate in ammonia still process reaction as the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2).
3. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite according to claim 1, feature
It is, the air and liquid mixer in step (12) and step (2) is jet pump.
4. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite according to claim 1, feature
It is, high-purity type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is the magnesium hydroxide that purity is higher than 98.5wt%.
5. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite according to claim 1, feature
It is, fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide obtained in step (32) is hexagonal flake fire retardant type magnesium hydroxide.
6. a kind of production method for extracting magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate from dolomite according to claim 1, feature
It is, the ammonium salt aqueous solution in step (2) is that aqueous ammonium nitrate solution, aqueous ammonium chloride solution, ammonium sulfate solution, ammonium acetate are water-soluble
One of liquid.
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CN107935014A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 沈阳化工大学 | A kind of ammonium salt dissolving and circulation ammonia process extract the production method of calcium carbonate from calcite |
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CN109354050B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-04-16 | 沈阳辰兴化工技术有限公司 | Method and device for preparing calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide by using dolomite |
CN109574049B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-09-21 | 大连海事大学 | Hydration synthesis method of magnesium hydroxide slurry with controllable dissolution rate |
CN111549239B (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-04-22 | 北京中金瑞丰环保科技有限公司 | Resourceful treatment method of magnesium-containing raw material |
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CN103738986A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 周骏宏 | Method for producing magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate in manners of burning dolomite and dissolving into water to separate calcium and magnesium |
KR20170004915A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-11 | 규 재 유 | The manufacturing method of magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride using dolomite for raw material |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102405190A (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2012-04-04 | 能源技术研究院 | For the industrial production of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO) from carbonate-containing rocks3) Method (2) |
CN102225775A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-10-26 | 河北科技大学 | Process for producing magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate by dolomite conversion method |
CN103738986A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 周骏宏 | Method for producing magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate in manners of burning dolomite and dissolving into water to separate calcium and magnesium |
KR20170004915A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-11 | 규 재 유 | The manufacturing method of magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride using dolomite for raw material |
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