CN107389029A - A kind of surface subsidence integrated monitor method based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology - Google Patents
A kind of surface subsidence integrated monitor method based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surface subsidence integrated monitor method based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, including：Bench mark and GPS monitoring points are laid in surface subsidence emphasis monitored area, CR GPS levels one points are laid in earth's surface stability region；And under same time sequence, obtain gps data, ground meteorological data, MODIS data, SAR images and measurement of the level data；Joint periphery CGPS stands and IGS station simultaneous observation data and ground meteorological data resolving GPS data；Combine gps data, ground meteorological data and MODIS data calculation atmosphere delay phase informations again；Stable PS points and PS point deformation datas are extracted from initial differential interferometric phase image；PS points, GPS point, integrally bench mark, deformation data corresponding to point are recycled, builds surface subsidence vertical deformation field, fusion horizontal deformation field builds spatial data field with vertical deformation field, obtains the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field information of high-spatial and temporal resolution.The present invention can obtain a wide range of, the earth's surface three-dimensional deformation information of high accuracy, high-spatial and temporal resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ground Subsidence Monitoring field, is sunk more particularly to a kind of ground based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology
Integrated monitor method drops.
Background technology
At present, the monitoring method of surface subsidence mainly have precise leveling, the measurement of base-rock marker-layering mark, GPS measurements and
Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR).
Wherein, precise leveling is classified levelling network by laying, and earth's surface shape is obtained through compensating computation and spatial interpolation
Becoming information, the surface subsidence information that this method obtains has very high precision and reliability, but because its re-surveying cycle is grown, manpower
Material resources consumption is huge, and can not meet the requirement to surface subsidence real-time dynamic monitoring, and the monitoring information of acquisition, which discontinuously waits, to be lacked
Fall into, limit the extensive use of this method.But from the point of view of existing Ground Subsidence Monitoring technology, precise leveling is with its high accuracy
Advantage be still that other monitoring technology are incomparable, be usually used in the checking of new terrestrial settlement monitoring technology precision.
Base-rock marker-layering mark monitoring method can obtain vertical layered surface subsidence deformation data in high precision, and its precision reaches
To 0.01~0.1mm.But due to complex operation, construction technology is higher, somewhat expensive etc., limits this method and sunk in localized ground
Extensive use in drop monitoring, in terms of being usually used in Mechanism of Land Subsidence research at present.
GPS e measurement technologies twine the sustained improvement of algorithm with instrument reconciliation, and important work has been played in Ground Subsidence Monitoring
With.GPS measurements have the advantages that the cycle is short, positioning precision is high, rapid, all-weather of arranging net, and have in terms of Horizontal Deformation monitoring
Higher precision, but twine algorithm due to being conciliate by atmosphere delay, net-arranging form, Metrical Method in terms of Vertical Deformation Monitoring
Limitation, its Vertical Deformation Monitoring precision is still the defects of it is difficult to avoid that.Moreover, GPS measurements it is acquired be spot distribution
Ground monitoring point deformation data, in the area that poor signal or barrier block, it is difficult to obtain the height value of monitoring point, limit
The use of this method.
Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technology is the new spatial earth observation technology that recent two decades grow up,
Real-time, large scale, high accuracy are characterized in, its Vertical Deformation Monitoring precision can reach mm levels.But monitored in Horizontal Deformation
Its detectivity of aspect is limited, insensitive to Horizontal Deformation.And closed in terms of phase unwrapping by atmosphere delay and space-time dephasing
Influence is more serious, therefore the influence of these errors need to be eliminated when resolving.
As can be seen here, by analyzing the characteristics of above-mentioned Ground Subsidence Monitoring method, current surface subsidence is found
Monitoring technology has respective advantage and disadvantage.A kind of new surface subsidence based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology how is founded to integrate
Monitoring method, existing settlement monitoring technology can be subjected to organic integration, the sedimentation information obtained to various monitoring means is entered
Row data fusion, the limitation of single monitoring technology is broken through, play the respective monitoring advantage of various monitoring means, and then obtained big
Scope, high accuracy, the earth's surface three-dimensional deformation information of high-spatial and temporal resolution, the real current Ground Subsidence Monitoring technical field of research of category
One of important research and development problem.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of integrated prison of the surface subsidence based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology
Survey method, existing settlement monitoring technology can be subjected to organic integration, the sedimentation information that various monitoring means obtain is carried out
Data fusion, a wide range of, the earth's surface three-dimensional deformation information of high accuracy, high-spatial and temporal resolution is obtained, so as to overcome existing ground
The deficiency of Monitoring method of the subsidence.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of integrated prison of the surface subsidence based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology
Survey method, comprises the following steps：
(1) bench mark and the GPS monitoring points for Ground Subsidence Monitoring are laid in surface subsidence emphasis monitored area, on ground
Lay CR-GPS- levels one point in the stable region of table；
(2) under identical time series, gps data, ground meteorological data, MODIS data, SAR images and water are obtained
Measurement data；
(3) combine periphery CGPS stations and IGS station simultaneous observation data and the ground meteorological data, utilize open source software
GAMIT Combined Calculation GPS basic lineal vectors, then balancing calculation of GPS net is carried out to the gps data using net adjusted data software, obtain high-precision
The three-dimensional coordinate information that degree surface subsidence GPS monitoring points and CR-GPS- levels are integrally put, the three-dimensional coordinate information include plane
Position and height value；
(4) gps data, ground meteorological data and the MODIS data calculation atmosphere delay phase informations are combined；
(5) differential interferometry processing is carried out to the SAR images using DORS softwares or GAMMA softwares, obtains initial differential
Interferometric phase image；
(6) extracted using amplitude dispersion index and space phase correlative character in the initial differential interferometric phase image
Stable PS points, estimate the linear deformation on each PS points and DEM errors, from the initial differential interferometric phase image by described in
Linear deformation and DEM errors on each PS points subtract, and produce PS-InSAR residual phases；
The PS-InSAR residual phases include non-linear deformation phase, atmosphere delay phase and noise, to the PS-
InSAR residual phases twine algorithm using Three-Dimensional Solution and resolved, and non-linear deformation phase is isolated using high and low pass filtering technique
With atmosphere delay phase；
(7) by the atmosphere delay phase separated in the PS-InSAR residual phases of the step (6) and the step
(4) the atmosphere delay phase that GPS/MODIS data aggregates inverting obtains in does average fusion treatment, establishes high accuracy, high space-time
The atmosphere delay mean value model of resolution ratio；
(8) the atmosphere delay average phase bit position after step (7) fusion is subtracted from the initial differential interferometric phase image,
And then obtain high-precision PS-InSAR differential interferometries phase diagram；
(9) with the CR-GPS- levels, integrally point for reference data, is carried out to the PS-InSAR differential interferometries phase diagram
Phase unwrapping, extract stable PS point deformation datas；
(10) geocoding is carried out to the PS points deformation data of extraction in the step (9), it is unified to be referred to geodetic coordinates
In framework；
(11) using the PS points, GPS point, bench mark, CR-GPS- levels integrally point corresponding to deformation data, using gram
In golden spatial interpolation technology carry out interpolation calculation in net, structure high accuracy, the surface subsidence VERTICAL DEFORMATION of high spatial resolution
, realize the fusion of GPS, InSAR and measurement of the level data in vertical deformation field；
(12) GPS network level monitoring result is subjected to spatial domain interpolation and forms surface subsidence horizontal deformation field, utilized simultaneously
Ensemble Kalman Filter algorithm is merged horizontal deformation field with the vertical deformation field, each point in net estimate pre-
Survey, build unified spatial data field, and then obtain high spatial resolution surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field；
(13) there is the characteristic of high time resolution using GPS, based on GIS platform, in time-domain to the surface subsidence
Three-dimensional shaped variable field carries out interpolation calculating, so as to realize continuous encryption of the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field in time-domain, and then obtains
There must be the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field information of high-spatial and temporal resolution.
As a modification of the present invention, the step in the step (4) using gps data to MODIS Data corrections
Suddenly, it is specially：
A, the GPS calculation results joint periphery CGPS stations obtained using step (3), are calculated SAR using GAMIT softwares and defended
High-precision tropospheric zenith total delay ZTD, recycles the ground meteorological data to calculate zenith static(al) in star transit time
Delay ZHD is learned, and then Zenith hydrostatic delay ZHD is subtracted by tropospheric zenith total delay ZTD and draws Zenith wet delay ZWD,
Calculation formula is as follows：
In formula, PsFor surface air pressure value,For GPS website latitudes, H is GPS website height values；
B, the precipitable water vapour content PWV that MODIS invertings obtain is changed into Zenith wet delay ZWD ', both sides relation
For：
Wherein, ρwFor liquid water density, TMFor Zenith Distance temperature, R0For universal gas constant, MWFor aqueous water mole matter
Amount, k2, k3 are atmospheric refraction constant, and Π spans are 6.0~6.5；
C, the Zenith wet delay ZWD ' obtained in the Zenith wet delay ZWD calculated in step A and step B is returned and intended
Close, realize correction of the gps data to MODIS data.
Further improve, the step of also including eliminating the pollution of MODIS data medium cloud in the step (4), be specially：With
MODIS cloud product will have pixel existing for cloud to remove, while use space interpolation skill as mask in MODIS inverting steam
Art will be generated by the moisture content value of cloud Polluted area by the picture element interpolation of surrounding.
Further improve, the spatial interpolation technology is in distance-reverse weighting function, spline interpolation method or Kriging
The method of inserting.
Further improve, the step (4) includes postponing phaseCalculating, calculation formula is：In formula, θincFor radar incidence angle, ZWD is the Zenith wet delay after correction；
And then calculate the atmosphere delay phase at SAR main and auxiliary image capturing momentCalculation formula is:
Further improve, the delay phaseCarry out low-pass filtering treatment.
Further improve, also include defending using the one point gps measurement data correction of CR-GPS- levels after the step (4)
The step of star orbit error, wherein integrally putting gps measurement data using the CR-GPS- levels of foundation accurately obtains the CR-
GPS- levels integrally accurate location of the point in SAR image, and utilize geocoding inverse operation reverse SAR satellites precise orbit letter
Breath；
Or the step of using SAR satellite precise orbit ephemeris file correction satellite orbital error.
After such design, the present invention at least has advantages below：
1st, the present invention can uniformly be arrived gps measurement data and InSAR data by setting CR-GPS- levels one point
Under same reference frame, gps measurement data is corrected into SAR satellite orbital errors, integrally the upper gps data inverting of point is big using this
Gas postpones, while the one point and GPS point and the integrated purpose that can reach encryption monitoring station of bench mark.
2nd, the present invention is by proposing comprehensive utilization periphery CGPS stations and IGS station simultaneous observation data and Ground Meteorological number
According to Combined Calculation is carried out, high-precision GPS calculation result is obtained in unified reference frame.The step and existing GPS solution calculators
There is obvious difference, the elevation calculation accuracy of the invention can reach the precision of second-order levelling, in vertical monitoring precision side
Face fully meets the requirement of Ground Subsidence Monitoring.
3rd, the present invention calculates by using external data (High Precision GPS Data, ground meteorological data and MODIS data)
Atmosphere delay phase information, the advantage of part atmosphere delay is eliminated in combination with PS-InSAR technologies itself, by GPS/MODIS numbers
Average is done according to the atmosphere delay phase of joint inversion with the atmosphere delay phase separated in PS-InSAR residual phases to merge
Processing, establish high accuracy, the atmosphere delay mean value model of high-spatial and temporal resolution.After coordinate system unification, by initial differential
The atmosphere delay average phase bit position after fusion is subtracted in interferometric phase, eliminates the influence of atmosphere delay, and then obtain high accuracy
Differential interferometry phase information.
4th, the present invention fully take into account the ground deformation result that different monitoring technology obtain have different Spatial Dimensions and
Directionality.Therefore sight on PS points is projected into vertical direction to deformation values, reached and GPS and measurement of the level VERTICAL DEFORMATION result
Unification.Then by high density PS points, GPS point, bench mark and integral point, Delaunay triangular nets are built, and evaluate net
Interior each point precision and stability.Simultaneously in net carry out gram in golden space interpolation, structure high accuracy, the ground of high spatial resolution
Settle Vertical Deformation Monitoring net.Spatial interpolation is carried out using the Horizontal Deformation value obtained on GPS point and one point, ground is obtained and sinks
Horizontal deformation field drops.Then horizontal deformation field is merged with vertical deformation field using Ensemble Kalman Filter algorithm, built
Unified spatial data field, obtain the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field of high spatial resolution.Finally the real-time monitoring results of GPS are existed
Time-domain interpolation is carried out in three-dimensional shaped variable field, and then obtains high-spatial and temporal resolution surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field, realizes multi-source
The effective integration of monitoring technology, overcome the limitation of single monitoring method.
Brief description of the drawings
Above-mentioned is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention, below
With reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail with embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of surface subsidence integrated monitor method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that GPS/ ground meteorological datas/MODIS data aggregates correction of surface subsidence integrated monitor method of the present invention is big
The step flow chart of gas delay；
Fig. 3 is the step of the atmosphere delay mean value model correction SAR interferometries of surface subsidence integrated monitor method of the present invention
Rapid flow chart；
Fig. 4 is InSAR interferometries imaging schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is GPS and SAR coordinate transformation relation figures in the present invention.
Embodiment
The specific steps of invention surface subsidence integrated monitor method are described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
Referring to the drawings shown in 1, surface subsidence integrated monitor method of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) bench mark, GPS point and manual corner reflector (CR)-GPS- levels one point are laid
Levelling point and GPS monitoring points are laid in surface subsidence emphasis monitored area first, for Ground Subsidence Monitoring
Work；Earth's surface it is relatively stable area lay CR-GPS- levels one point, can be used as settlement monitoring reference point with
Air-ground integration links datum mark.And integrally point can unite follow-up gps measurement data and InSAR data the CR-GPS- levels
One arrives under same reference frame, and the gps data that the point is surveyed can be used for correction SAR satellite orbital errors and inverting air
Delay, eliminate the influence of air in InSAR phase unwrappings.
2) gps data, ground meteorological data, MODIS data, SAR images, measurement of the level data are obtained
Specifically, gps data, ground meteorological data, MODIS data and the SAR images of collection should have the identical time
Sequence, and the measurement of the level can suitably relax due to the Retarder theory of its testing, its time series.
3) resolving GPS data
Joint periphery CGPS stands and IGS station simultaneous observation data and ground meteorological data, is joined using open source software GAMIT
Resolving GPS basic lineal vector is closed, balancing calculation of GPS net is carried out to gps measurement data using net adjusted data software, Ground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is obtained and sinks
GPS monitoring points and CR-GPS- levels integrally point three-dimensional coordinate information, including plan-position and height value drop.
4) gps data, ground meteorological data and MODIS data calculation atmosphere delay phase values are combined
Referring to the drawings shown in 2,1. combined using GPS monitoring points and CR-GPS- levels the GPS calculation results that integrally point obtains
Periphery CGPS is stood, and high-precision tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) in SAR satellite transit times is calculated using GAMIT softwares.
Zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) is calculated using ground meteorological data, and then Zenith wet delay (ZWD) is drawn by ZTD-ZHD.
Calculation formula is as follows：
In formula, PsFor surface air pressure value,For GPS website latitudes, H is GPS website height values.
2. what is obtained due to MODIS invertings is precipitable water vapour content (PWV), so utilizing gps data correction MODIS
During steam value, the PWV that should obtain MODIS invertings changes into ZWD, and both sides relation is：
Wherein, ρwFor liquid water density, TMFor Zenith Distance temperature, R0For universal gas constant, MWFor aqueous water mole matter
Amount, k2, k3 are atmospheric refraction constant, and Π spans are 6.0~6.5.
The Zenith wet delay GPS (ZWD) that GPS joint ground meteorological datas calculate is obtained with MODIS data inversions
Zenith wet delay MODIS (ZWD) carries out regression fit, and then utilizes GPS (ZWD) correction MODIS (ZWD) purpose.
3. when cloud layer in air be present, MODIS data can not correctly reflect steam content value in air, it is therefore desirable to
Using MODIS cloud product as mask, there will be pixel existing for cloud to remove in MODIS inverting steam.Use space interpolation simultaneously
Technology (distance-reverse weighting function IDW, spline interpolation method Spline interpolation or Kriging interpolation method) will be by
The moisture content value of cloud Polluted area is generated by the picture element interpolation of surrounding.
4. because what is included in SAR differential interferometry figures is phase information, therefore, in order to by GPS and MODIS Combined Calculations
Atmosphere delay amount is removed from interference pattern, it is necessary to which delay phase will be converted into path delayPostpone phaseCalculating
Formula is：
In formula, θincFor radar incidence angle, λ is wavelength.Influenceed to slacken noise and operating error, it is necessary to rightCarry out
LPF.
5. calculate the difference atmosphere delay phase at SAR main and auxiliary image capturing moment.Formula is:
5) using CR-GPS- levels, integrally point gps measurement data or SAR satellite precise orbit ephemeris file correct satellite rail
Road error
Referring to the drawings shown in 3, due to needing to carry out the rough registration of main and auxiliary image during repeat track SAR interference treatments
And accuracy registration, and satellite can have deviation in its revisiting period inner orbit, therefore satellite orbital error is eliminated for SAR images
It is significant that success carries out differential interferometry.Therefore the present invention is directed to the SAR data that can not obtain Precise Orbit file, utilizes
Integrally point gps measurement data accurately obtains accurate location of the one point in SAR image to the CR-GPS- levels of foundation, and utilizes
Geocoding inverse operation reverse SAR satellite precise orbit information.SAR data for Precise Orbit ephemeris file can be obtained,
Precise Orbit file correction satellite orbital error can directly be utilized.
6) SAR images differential interferometry is handled
Differential interferometry processing is carried out to time series SAR images using DORS softwares or GAMMA softwares, obtains differential interferometry
Phase diagram.Each pixel includes following component after differential interferometry is handled：
In formula：For point target interferometric phase；For radar line of sight direction deformation phase；For landform phase；
For atmosphere delay phase；For orbit error phase；For noise phase；
Wherein, differential interferometry principle：
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) be by carrying out differential interferometry processing to the SAR data that obtains twice,
Obtain landform or deformation phase.Due to being set on single satellite, double antenna is relatively difficult, and satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar is typically adopted
Interferometry is carried out with repeat track.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is the echo phase information by determining target object,
Using different spatial relation during radar imagery twice, according to triangle similarity principle, the deformation of ground object is obtained
The elevation or motion state (speed, posture etc.) of information --- object.Interferometer radar measuring system is by single antenna to ground
Surface launching radar signal, double antenna is recycled to receive the reflection echo of ground object simultaneously.Because double antenna is in the echo of reception
There is the time difference during signal, different time sections internal interference measurement result can be obtained.Therefore, done by synthetic aperture radar difference
Relate to the elevation information that measurement can be obtained by earth's surface object.Repeat track SAR interferometry has two main applications, first, surveying
Earth's surface elevation information is measured, second, monitoring Ground Deformation information.Satellite orbit during due to repeat track interferometry at different moments
Not fully overlap, therefore the obtained phase signal of interferometry while the displacement letter comprising landform phase information and direction of visual lines
Breath.
InSAR differential SAR Interferometries principle as shown in Figure 4, A in figure1、A2The position of double antenna, R are represented respectively1And R2
It is the path of a certain object from antenna ends point to earth's surface, θ1And θ2For incidence angle, baseline B is acquisition ground SAR images twice
Between antenna space length, B||For baseline parallel component, B⊥For baseline vertical component.Baseline B and the angle of horizontal direction are
α, H represent sensor height, and Z is earth's surface landform altitude value.Wherein, antenna A1And A2The SAR signals of reception represent such as following formula (1)
(2)：
Because radar satellite time space position and differs in imaging of passing by twice, so the areal obtained twice
SAR images are not fully overlapped, it is necessary to carry out registration using Precise Orbit file and main image.Two width SAR after registration are schemed
As carrying out complex conjugate multiplication, that is, generate an interference pattern.The result of interference such as following formula (3):
The deformation quantity Δ of direction of visual lines can be calculatedr(Δr=R1-R2, be path length difference) caused by phase it is as follows
Formula (4) and (5)：
Or
Wherein, φdFor deformation quantity phase；λ is wavelength；ΔrFor path length difference twice；R1When being passed by for the first time for satellite
Path length；R2Path length when being passed by for the second time for satellite.Formula (4) can be utilized to calculate the deformation quantity Δ of target pointr。
7) PS point phase informations are extracted and error component removes
Stable PS points are extracted using amplitude dispersion index and space phase correlative character, have estimated each PS
After linear deformation and DEM errors on point, they are subtracted from initial differential interferometric phase and obtains residual phase, it is main
Contain non-linear deformation phase, atmospheric phase and noise.Algorithm is twined using Three-Dimensional Solution to resolve, utilize to residual phase
High and low pass filtering technique isolates non-linear deformation and atmospheric phase.
8) the atmosphere delay phase that will be separated in PS-InSAR residual phasesWith GPS/MODIS data
The atmosphere delay phase that joint inversion obtainsAverage fusion treatment is done, is established high-precision, high-spatial and temporal resolution big
Gas postpones mean value model.
Because the atmosphere delay phase separated in PS-InSAR residual phases obtains with GPS/MODIS data aggregate invertings
The atmosphere delay phase coordinate system taken is inconsistent, it is therefore desirable to using Formula of Coordinate System Transformation, the system of coordinate system is carried out to it
One, both of which is uniformly arrived under radar fix system.Raster symbol-base instrument is utilized afterwards, and both are carried out in grid cell size
Value calculates, and asks forFormula is：
Formula of Coordinate System Transformation is as follows：
The Ground Deformation speed that GPS monitorings obtainFor three-dimensional deformation information, based on three-dimensional unit vectorThe deformation values of three direction vectors (due east, due north, vertical direction) can be decomposed into.Such as the institute of accompanying drawing 5
Show.
Make SAR satellites drop rail pass by scanning whenθ, α are respectively
SAR satellites incidence angle and azimuth.
In SAR images, ground deformation speedTwo-dimentional unit vector can be decomposed intoWherein i
∈{descending,ascending}；That is i ∈ { drop rail, rail lift }：
Wherein：WithRepresent respectively sight to orientation deformation quantity.
The deformation values on three directions obtained using GPS can project to SAR satellite geometries space by projective transformation
On：
(1) rail scanning drops in SAR：
By gps satellite B3dOrigin coordinate system transform isCorresponding coordinate system, such as following formula：
With
Transformational relation between GPS and SAR images is obtained according to above formula：
(2) SAR rail lifts scan：
By gps satellite B3dOrigin coordinate system transform isWithCorresponding coordinate system, such as following formula：
With
Transformational relation between GPS and SAR images is obtained according to above formula：
9) the atmosphere delay average phase bit position after fusion is subtracted from initial differential interferometric phase.
Due to atmosphere delay phase removal for pixel carry out, therefore also need byPhase diagram with it is initial poor
Divide interferometric phase image to carry out registration, reach the unification of grid cell size, raster symbol-base could be carried out, ask for eliminating atmosphere delay influence
High-precision difference interferometric phase image.
In formula,For the differential interferometry phase diagram after atmospheric delay correction,Interfere for initial differential
Phase diagram.
10) with CR-GPS- levels, integrally point for reference data, is carried out to the PS-InSAR differential interferometries figure after atmospheric correction
Phase unwrapping, extract stable PS point deformation datas.
11) geocoding is carried out to the PS points deformation data of PS-InSAR extractions, it is unified to arrive in geodetic coordinates reference frame.
12) using highdensity PS points, GPS point, bench mark, CR-GPS- levels, integrally point carries out vertical strain monitoring knot
Fruit is merged.
Because the PS points rate of deformation that monorail SAR differential SAR Interferometries obtain is radar line of sight to deformation values, and GPS is obtained
The rate of deformation taken is three-dimensional deformation information, can be decomposed into due east, due north and vertical direction.Therefore by PS point sights to deformation
When being worth the progress data fusion to deformation values vertical with GPS, PS point sights need to be projected to vertical direction to deformation values.Calculation formula
For：Uu=dlos/ cos θ wherein dlosFor radar line of sight direction deformation values, θ is radar wave incidence angle, UuFor the vertical direction shape of radar
Variate.Then by high density PS points, GPS point, bench mark and integral point, using GIS spacial analytical methods, Delaunay tri- is built
Angular network, and evaluate each point precision and stability in net.The corresponding deformation data on each monitoring point more than, using gram in
Golden spatial interpolation technology carries out interpolation calculation, structure high accuracy, the surface subsidence VERTICAL DEFORMATION of high spatial resolution prison in net
Survey grid, realize the fusion of GPS, InSAR and measurement of the level data in vertical deformation field.
13) GPS network level monitoring result is subjected to spatial domain interpolation and forms surface subsidence horizontal deformation field, while utilize collection
Close Kalman filtering algorithm to be merged horizontal deformation field with above-mentioned vertical deformation field, estimation prediction carried out to each point in net,
Unified spatial data field is built, and then obtains high spatial resolution surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field.
14) there is the characteristic of high time resolution using GPS, based on GIS platform, in time-domain to above-mentioned surface subsidence three
Tie up Deformation Field and carry out interpolation calculating, so as to realize continuous encryption of the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field in time-domain, and then obtain
Surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field information with high-spatial and temporal resolution.
The surface subsidence data and Target scalar feature that the present invention is obtained using various monitoring means, using Advance data quality as original
Then, by organically combining, more continuous, comprehensive, comprehensive monitoring informations can be obtained, surface subsidence information can be not only improved and carry
The accuracy and reliability taken, while decrease the ambiguity and uncertainty integrally recognized ground sedimentation phenomenon.
Present invention comprehensive utilization multisource ground settlement monitoring means, are integrated to multisource ground settlement monitoring technology, right
The sedimentation information that various monitoring means obtain carries out data fusion, the defects of overcoming existing monitoring technology, breaks through single monitoring skill
The limitation of art, should based on multi-source monitoring technology integrate surface subsidence integrated monitoring can get it is a wide range of, high-precision,
The earth's surface three-dimensional deformation information of high-spatial and temporal resolution.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, any formal limitation not is made to the present invention, this
Art personnel make a little simple modification, equivalent variations or modification using the technology contents of the disclosure above, all fall within this hair
In bright protection domain.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. surface subsidence integrated monitor method based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) bench mark and the GPS monitoring points for Ground Subsidence Monitoring are laid in surface subsidence emphasis monitored area, it is steady in earth's surface Lay CR-GPS- levels one point in fixed region；(2) under identical time series, gps data, ground meteorological data, MODIS data, SAR images and level is obtained and is surveyed Measure data；(3) combine periphery CGPS stations and IGS station simultaneous observation data and the ground meteorological data, utilize open source software GAMIT Combined Calculation GPS basic lineal vectors, then balancing calculation of GPS net is carried out to the gps data using net adjusted data software, obtain high-precision The three-dimensional coordinate information that degree surface subsidence GPS monitoring points and CR-GPS- levels are integrally put, the three-dimensional coordinate information include plane Position and height value；(4) gps data, ground meteorological data and the MODIS data calculation atmosphere delay phase informations are combined；(5) differential interferometry processing is carried out to the SAR images using DORS softwares or GAMMA softwares, obtains initial differential interference Phase diagram；(6) extracted using amplitude dispersion index and space phase correlative character stable in the initial differential interferometric phase image PS points, estimate the linear deformation on each PS points and DEM errors, will be described each from the initial differential interferometric phase image Linear deformation and DEM errors on PS points subtract, and produce PS-InSAR residual phases；The PS-InSAR residual phases include non-linear deformation phase, atmosphere delay phase and noise, to the PS-InSAR Residual phase twines algorithm using Three-Dimensional Solution and resolved, and non-linear deformation phase and big is isolated using high and low pass filtering technique Gas postpones phase；(7) by the atmosphere delay phase separated in the PS-InSAR residual phases of the step (6) and the step (4) The atmosphere delay phase that GPS/MODIS data aggregate invertings obtain does average fusion treatment, establishes high accuracy, high-spatial and temporal resolution Atmosphere delay mean value model；(8) the atmosphere delay average phase bit position after step (7) fusion is subtracted from the initial differential interferometric phase image, and then Obtain high-precision PS-InSAR differential interferometries phase diagram；(9) with the CR-GPS- levels, integrally for reference data, phase is carried out to the PS-InSAR differential interferometries phase diagram for point Solution twines, and extracts stable PS point deformation datas；(10) geocoding is carried out to the PS points deformation data of extraction in the step (9), it is unified to arrive geodetic coordinates reference frame It is interior；(11) using deformation data corresponding to the PS points, GPS point, bench mark, CR-GPS- levels one point, using Ke Lijin Spatial interpolation technology carries out interpolation calculation in net, and structure high accuracy, the surface subsidence vertical deformation field of high spatial resolution are real Show the fusion of GPS, InSAR and measurement of the level data in vertical deformation field；(12) GPS network level monitoring result is subjected to spatial domain interpolation and forms surface subsidence horizontal deformation field, while utilize set Kalman filtering algorithm is merged horizontal deformation field with the vertical deformation field, and estimation prediction, structure are carried out to each point in net Unified spatial data field is built, and then obtains high spatial resolution surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field；(13) there is the characteristic of high time resolution using GPS, it is three-dimensional to the surface subsidence in time-domain based on GIS platform Deformation Field carries out interpolation calculating, so as to realize continuous encryption of the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field in time-domain, and then is had There is the surface subsidence three-dimensional shaped variable field information of high-spatial and temporal resolution.
- 2. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 1 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In, in the step (4) using gps data to MODIS Data corrections the step of, be specially：A, the GPS calculation results joint periphery CGPS stations obtained using step (3), SAR satellite mistakes are calculated using GAMIT softwares High-precision tropospheric zenith total delay ZTD in the time of border, recycles the ground meteorological data to calculate zenith hydrostatic and prolongs Slow ZHD, and then Zenith hydrostatic delay ZHD is subtracted by tropospheric zenith total delay ZTD and draws Zenith wet delay ZWD, calculate Formula is as follows：In formula, PsFor surface air pressure value,For GPS website latitudes, H is GPS website height values；B, the precipitable water vapour content PWV that MODIS invertings obtain is changed into Zenith wet delay ZWD ', both sides relation is：<mrow> <mo>&Pi;</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>ZWD</mi> <mo>&prime;</mo> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mi>W</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, ρwFor liquid water density, TMFor Zenith Distance temperature, R0For universal gas constant, MWFor aqueous water molal weight, K2, k3 are atmospheric refraction constant, and П spans are 6.0~6.5；C, the Zenith wet delay ZWD ' regression fits that will be obtained in the Zenith wet delay ZWD calculated in step A and step B, it is real Existing correction of the gps data to MODIS data.
- 3. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 2 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In the step of also including eliminating the pollution of MODIS data medium cloud in the step (4), specially：Using MODIS cloud product as Mask, there will be pixel existing for cloud to remove in MODIS inverting steam, while using spatial interpolation technology by by cloud Polluted area Moisture content value is generated by the picture element interpolation of surrounding.
- 4. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 3 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In the spatial interpolation technology is distance-reverse weighting function, spline interpolation method or Kriging interpolation methods.
- 5. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 2 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In the step (4) includes postponing phaseCalculating, calculation formula is：In formula, θinc For radar incidence angle, ZWD is the Zenith wet delay after correction；And then calculate the atmosphere delay phase at SAR main and auxiliary image capturing momentCalculation formula is:
- 6. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 5 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In the delay phaseCarry out low-pass filtering treatment.
- 7. the surface subsidence integrated monitor method according to claim 1 based on the fusion of multi-source monitoring technology, its feature exist In, the step of also including integrally putting gps measurement data correction satellite orbital error using CR-GPS- levels after the step (4), Wherein gps measurement data is integrally put using the CR-GPS- levels of foundation accurately obtain the CR-GPS- levels one point in SAR Accurate location in image, and utilize geocoding inverse operation reverse SAR satellite precise orbit information；Or the step of using SAR satellite precise orbit ephemeris file correction satellite orbital error.
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| CN117109426B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-03-22 | 兰州交通大学 | Three-dimensional deformation field modeling method fusing GNSS/InSAR observation data |
| CN117213443A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-12 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | Construction and updating method of ground settlement monitoring network with integration of heaves, earth and depth |
| CN117213443B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | Construction and updating method of ground settlement monitoring network with integration of heaves, earth and depth |
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