CN107275694B - Distributed storage battery equalization device and method with both active equalization and passive equalization - Google Patents
Distributed storage battery equalization device and method with both active equalization and passive equalization Download PDFInfo
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- CN107275694B CN107275694B CN201710607506.2A CN201710607506A CN107275694B CN 107275694 B CN107275694 B CN 107275694B CN 201710607506 A CN201710607506 A CN 201710607506A CN 107275694 B CN107275694 B CN 107275694B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed storage battery balancing device and a distributed storage battery balancing method with active balancing and passive balancing, wherein the storage battery balancing device comprises a main controller and a plurality of monitoring terminals which are respectively connected to the main controller; the main controller comprises a first control unit and a first communication unit; each monitoring terminal comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a detection unit and an equalization unit; wherein: the detection unit is used for detecting the performance parameters of each single battery in the corresponding battery group; the first control unit enables the corresponding monitoring terminal to execute passive equalization operation when the average charge state of any battery pack is lower than a first preset value, and enables the corresponding monitoring terminal to execute active equalization operation when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of the battery pack. According to the invention, through the structure of the main controller and the plurality of monitoring terminals, the structure of the balancing device is safer, the installation is more convenient, and the balancing is more effective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of storage battery management and maintenance, in particular to a storage battery balancing device and method with active balancing and passive balancing.
Background
Large-sized battery packs are widely and importantly used in the fields of power, communication, and the like. For example, an operating power supply of a power system substation, a base station communication equipment power supply, a data room uninterruptible power supply system (UPS), and the like, use a storage battery pack as a backup power supply system and a power supply of a dc system in large quantities. Especially, in a backup power supply system or a communication base station direct current power supply system, multiple groups of storage batteries are needed, and each group of storage batteries has 54 to hundreds of storage batteries.
Due to objective difference between single batteries caused by battery manufacturing process, the states of the single batteries are different under the condition that the total voltage meets the condition in the service cycle of the whole service life of the storage battery, specifically the imbalance of the voltage and the capacity states. At the moment, the storage battery pack is extremely easy to generate overcharge and undercharge phenomena in the use process, and battery failure in the worst state or thermal unbalance of overhigh voltage can be caused, so that potential safety hazards are caused to a backup power supply system, and even major power supply accidents occur.
At present, the service life of a single storage battery factory design is 8-10 years, the storage batteries are used in groups in the actual use process, unbalance occurs between the single storage batteries due to objective reasons along with the time, the general service life of the whole group of storage batteries can only reach about 5 years, the group of storage batteries exceeds 5 years, and the batch of storage batteries are completely replaced. In addition, due to the problems of operation and maintenance conditions and cost, the problem of unbalance of the battery is not paid attention to and handled in time, so that the aging or the capacity loss of the storage battery in a poor state is accelerated, the use efficiency of the storage battery is reduced, great asset waste is generated, and negative effects are caused in the aspects of saving, energy saving and environmental protection.
In order to prolong the service life of the storage battery pack, the storage battery can be subjected to balanced management. For example, the lagging battery or the over-voltage battery is manually screened, and single charging and discharging is carried out to reach a predetermined voltage level. However, the manual balancing workload is large, the actual operation is inconvenient, and the feasibility is not very high.
In addition, the semi-automatic or automatic balancing can be realized by installing balancing equipment. Such equalizing devices are structurally classified into a centralized type and a distributed type. In the centralized equalization equipment, all functional units are designed together to form a host machine device, a centralized channel interface is arranged, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each single battery are accessed from each channel lead; the distributed equalization equipment independently makes an equalization circuit into a packaging module, is directly installed at two ends of each battery, and communicates with a host through an independent communication line to realize equalization control. At present, no matter centralized equalization equipment or distributed equalization equipment is adopted, an equalization line at an input end is connected with the total positive and negative electrodes of a battery pack, an equalization line at an output end is connected with the positive and negative electrodes of a corresponding single battery, and the single voltage is increased by detecting the single voltage and charging the battery with lower detected voltage with low current, namely, active equalization; and (3) carrying out low-current discharge on the battery with the over-high voltage, and reducing the voltage of the single battery, namely, passive equalization so as to achieve the purpose of equalizing the voltages of all batteries of the whole battery pack.
However, the centralized equalization apparatus requires a lot of lengthy wiring during installation, and when a fault occurs, it is difficult to perform line troubleshooting, and as long as one equalization circuit fails, the entire apparatus cannot be used. For the storage battery pack with more battery sections, the battery section number for one-time treatment is limited, and the overall balancing time is not high in efficiency.
For the distributed equalization device, equalization circuit modules need to be installed on each battery, wiring is more convenient than that of a centralized equalization device, but each equalization circuit module needs to be wired by an independent communication line, and if one communication line is disconnected, the whole communication line is disconnected.
In the balancing device, the whole storage battery pack is judged to realize single active balancing only by voltage, but the actual voltage of some batteries cannot reach the battery voltage level with higher single voltage in the battery pack, although the discharge energy pulls the voltage of each single battery down to a consistent level, after the whole battery pack is charged, a new unbalance phenomenon occurs again due to objective difference of the batteries.
In addition, no matter centralized equalization equipment or distributed equalization equipment is adopted, an input end equalization line of an equalization circuit is connected to the total positive and negative electrodes of the whole battery pack, an output end equalization line is connected to a single battery and is in a high voltage difference state, and if a module has faults such as short circuit and the like, a single battery is directly connected to high voltage and is damaged, so that safety accidents are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of complex wiring and single function of the balancing device, and provides a distributed storage battery balancing device and a distributed storage battery balancing method with active balancing and passive balancing.
The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a distributed storage battery balancing apparatus with active balancing and passive balancing, where the storage battery is a battery pack formed by connecting multiple single batteries in series, the storage battery balancing apparatus includes a main controller and multiple monitoring terminals respectively connected to the main controller, the multiple monitoring terminals are respectively connected to multiple battery groups, and each battery group includes multiple single batteries connected in series; the main controller comprises a first control unit and a first communication unit; each monitoring terminal comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a detection unit and an equalization unit; wherein:
when the monitoring terminal is in a working state, the detection unit detects the performance parameters of each single battery in the corresponding battery group under the control of the second control unit;
the first control unit is used for calculating and obtaining the average charge state of each battery group and the charge state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery, sending a passive equalization instruction to a monitoring terminal connected to the battery group when the average charge state of any battery group is lower than a first preset value, and sending an active equalization instruction to a corresponding monitoring terminal when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of the battery group where the single battery is located and the battery group is in a working mode;
the first communication unit and the second communication unit are used for realizing the transmission of the performance parameters, the passive balancing instructions and the active balancing instructions of the single batteries between the monitoring terminal and the main controller;
the second control unit is used for enabling the monitoring terminal to enter a sleep mode when receiving the passive equalization instruction and enabling the equalization unit to carry out equalization operation when the monitoring terminal is in a working mode and receiving the active equalization instruction;
and the equalizing unit is used for taking electricity from the battery group and charging the single batteries with the charge states lower than the average charge state of the battery group under the control of the second control unit.
In the distributed storage battery equalization device with both active equalization and passive equalization, the monitoring terminal comprises a power supply unit, and the power supply unit is connected to the power supply end of the corresponding battery group through a power supply switch; the detection unit is respectively connected with each single battery in the corresponding battery group through a plurality of detection switches; the detection unit sequentially closes detection switches at two ends of each single battery to detect the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery when the monitoring terminal is in a working state; and the second control unit enables the monitoring terminal to enter a sleep mode by turning off the power supply switch.
In the distributed storage battery equalization device with both active equalization and passive equalization, the monitoring terminal comprises a timer, and the timer sends a conducting signal to the power supply switch at intervals of preset time when the monitoring terminal is in a sleep mode, so that the monitoring terminal enters a working mode.
In the distributed storage battery equalization device with both active equalization and passive equalization, the performance parameters of the single battery comprise battery voltage, battery ohmic resistance, battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization capacitance; and the first control unit of the main controller calculates the health state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery and sends out an alarm signal when the health state of any single battery is lower than a second preset value.
In the distributed storage battery equalization device with both active equalization and passive equalization, performance parameters of the single batteries comprise battery temperature, and the first control unit of the main controller enables the monitoring terminal connected to the battery group where the single batteries are located to enter a sleep mode when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature.
The invention also provides a distributed storage battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization, wherein the storage battery is a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, all the single batteries in the storage battery are respectively positioned in a plurality of battery groups, and each battery group is respectively provided with a plurality of single batteries connected in series; each battery group is respectively connected with a corresponding monitoring terminal, and each monitoring terminal is respectively connected with the main controller; the method comprises the following steps:
each monitoring terminal respectively detects the performance parameters of each single battery of the storage battery in a working mode;
the method comprises the following steps that a main controller calculates and obtains the average charge state of each battery group according to the performance parameters of each single battery, and when the average charge state of any battery group is lower than a first preset value, a passive equalization instruction is sent to a monitoring terminal connected to the battery group, and the monitoring terminal executes the passive equalization instruction and enters a sleep mode;
the method comprises the steps that a main controller calculates the charge state of each single battery according to performance parameters of each single battery, and when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of a battery group where the single battery is located and the battery group is in a working mode, an active balancing instruction is sent to a corresponding monitoring terminal to enable the monitoring terminal to take electricity from the battery group and charge the single battery with the charge state lower than the average charge state of the battery group.
In the distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization according to the present invention, the method includes: and the monitoring terminal enters a working mode at preset time intervals and detects the performance parameters of each single battery in the corresponding working group in the sleep mode.
In the distributed storage battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization, the performance parameters of the single battery comprise battery voltage, battery ohmic resistance, battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization capacitance; the method comprises the following steps:
and the main controller calculates the health state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery and sends out an alarm signal when the health state of any single battery is lower than a second preset value.
In the distributed storage battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization, performance parameters of single batteries comprise battery temperature, and the main controller enables a monitoring terminal connected to a battery group where the single batteries are located to enter a sleep mode when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature.
In the distributed storage battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization, the monitoring terminal is connected to the power supply end of the corresponding battery group through the power supply switch, and the monitoring terminal is connected to each single battery in the corresponding battery group through the plurality of detection switches; the monitoring terminal sequentially enables the detection switches at two ends of each single battery to be closed when in a working state so as to detect the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery; and the monitoring terminal enters a sleep mode by disconnecting the power supply switch.
The distributed storage battery equalization device and the distributed storage battery equalization method both having active equalization and passive equalization respectively detect the performance parameters of single batteries in a plurality of battery groups through a plurality of monitoring terminals, and obtain the charge states of the battery groups and the single batteries through a main controller, so that the passive equalization processing is performed on the corresponding battery groups, and the active equalization processing is performed on the corresponding single batteries.
The invention provides a battery equalization management device and method with safer structure, more convenient installation and more effective equalization, which solves the problem of unbalanced storage batteries using storage batteries (groups) on a large scale, finally prolongs the service life of the batteries and reduces unnecessary waste of the storage batteries in the full life cycle of the batteries, and has important significance in terms of safe power supply, cost saving, energy saving, environmental protection and economic benefit.
The invention also adopts the power line carrier communication technology, does not need additional communication lines, can greatly reduce the wiring operation of communication lines, further simplifies the installation process, does not influence the communication of other monitoring terminals when a single monitoring terminal fails, is easy to position the failed monitoring terminal from the communication state of each monitoring terminal, and is convenient to overhaul and replace.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a distributed battery equalization apparatus with both active equalization and passive equalization according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main control unit and the monitoring terminal of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the detection unit and the battery pack in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the equalizing unit and the battery pack in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the schematic diagrams of the embodiments of the distributed battery balancing apparatus with active balancing and passive balancing according to the present invention are shown, and the battery balancing apparatus with active balancing and passive balancing can manage and operate the existing battery. The storage battery is a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, the storage battery balancing device in the embodiment comprises a main controller 3 and a plurality of monitoring terminals 2, and the plurality of monitoring terminals 2 are respectively connected to the main controller 3. The storage battery in the present embodiment is divided into a plurality of cell groups 1, and each cell group includes a plurality of single cells connected in series. Each monitoring terminal 2 is connected to one battery group 1.
When specifically realizing, above-mentioned small battery group 1 and the monitor terminal 2 of being connected with this small battery group 1 can be located same box body, and have anodal binding post, negative pole binding post and signal line binding post on this box body, wherein can realize the series connection of battery through just, negative pole binding post, can be connected with main control unit 3 through signal line binding post.
The above-mentioned master controller 3 includes the first control unit 31 and the first communication unit 32; each monitoring terminal 2 includes a second control unit 21, a second communication unit 22, a detection unit 23, and an equalization unit 24. Specifically, the first control unit 31 and the first communication unit 32 on the above-described main controller 3 may be integrated into the same circuit board, and the second control unit 21, the second communication unit 22, the detection unit 23, and the equalization unit 24 on the monitor terminal 2 may also be integrated into the same circuit board.
The detecting unit 23 is configured to detect a performance parameter of each battery cell in the corresponding battery pack 1 under the control of the second control unit 21 when the monitoring terminal 2 where the detecting unit is located is in an operating state. A detecting unit 23 has a plurality of monitoring channels, and starting from the first cell at one end of the storage battery according to the number n of the detecting channels (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1), each n adjacent cells are a small group based on the number n of the channels, so that the storage battery is divided into a structure in which a plurality of cell groups 1 are connected in series (the number of the cell nodes of the last cell group 1 may be less than n), and the monitoring terminals 2 where the detecting unit 23 is located are respectively installed on each corresponding cell group 1. For example, referring to fig. 1, the detection unit 23 may have six test channels, and adjacent unit cells are divided into one cell group 1 by six segments from left to right according to the number of channels tested by the detection unit 23, so that the storage battery having 24 unit cells in total is divided into a structure in which four cell groups 1 are connected in series, and each cell group 1 is correspondingly provided with the monitoring terminal 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the detection unit 23 is connected to each single battery in the corresponding battery group 1 via a plurality of detection lines and detection switches (the detection switches may specifically adopt semiconductor switching devices such as transistors and MOSFETs); when the monitoring terminal is in a working state, the detection unit 23 sequentially turns on two detection switches (other detection switches are turned off) connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each single battery, so as to obtain the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery. Of course, the detection unit 23 may directly detect the cell group voltage and the cell group current of the cell group 1 and transmit the cell group voltage and the cell group current to the main controller 3 via the second communication unit 22.
The first control unit 31 is configured to calculate and obtain an average state of charge (SOC) of each cell group and a state of charge (SOC) of each cell according to a performance parameter of each cell (from the detection unit 23 of each monitoring terminal 2), and send a passive equalization instruction to the monitoring terminal 2 connected to the cell group 1 when the average state of charge of any cell group is lower than a first preset value, and send an active equalization instruction to the corresponding monitoring terminal 2 when the state of charge of any cell is lower than the average state of charge of the cell group 1 in which the cell group is located and the cell group is in an operating mode (the active equalization instruction includes a number of a cell in the corresponding cell group 1 whose state of charge is too low). Specifically, the first control unit 31 includes an MCU and a storage device, wherein the storage device has an instruction code therein for the MCU to execute, and executing the instruction code can implement corresponding calculation and generate a corresponding instruction.
The first communication unit 32 and the second communication unit 22 are configured to implement data transmission between the main controller 3 and the monitoring terminal 2, and specifically include performance parameters of the single battery sent from the monitoring terminal 2 to the main controller 3, and passive equalization instructions and active equalization instructions sent from the main controller 3 to the monitoring terminal 2. In particular, to simplify the wiring between the main controller 3 and the monitoring terminal, the first communication unit 32 and the second communication unit 22 described above may communicate using a power line carrier communication method.
The second control unit 21 is configured to enable the monitoring terminal 2 to enter the sleep mode when receiving a passive equalization instruction (from the first control unit 31 of the main controller 3), and enable the equalization unit 24 to perform an equalization operation when the monitoring terminal 2 is in the working mode and receives an active equalization instruction (from the first control unit 31 of the main controller 3). Specifically, the second control unit 21 includes an MCU and a storage device, wherein the storage device has an instruction code therein for the MCU to execute, and executing the instruction code can implement a corresponding control process.
For each monitoring terminal 2, the power consumption in the active mode is much larger than the power consumption in the sleep mode. Therefore, the storage battery balancing device can realize the passive balancing of the corresponding battery group 1 by enabling the corresponding monitoring terminal 2 to be in the working mode.
The equalizing unit 24 takes power from the battery pack 1 in which it is located under the control of the second control unit 21 and charges the cells having a state of charge lower than the average state of charge of the battery pack. The equalizing unit 24 may specifically include a direct current (DC/DC) converting circuit, as shown in fig. 4, an input end of the DC converting circuit is connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery group 1 (for example, a positive electrode of a first battery cell and a negative electrode of a last battery cell), and an output end of the DC converting circuit is connected to each battery cell in the corresponding battery group 1 via a plurality of charging switches (the charging switches may specifically employ semiconductor switching devices such as transistors and MOSFETs); during the active equalization operation, the equalization unit 24 (dc conversion circuit) closes two charging switches of the positive and negative electrodes of the single battery with too low state of charge (other charging switches are open) through the second control unit 21, so as to perform dc conversion on the dc power taken from the battery group 1 where the dc conversion unit is located, and then charge the single battery with too low state of charge.
Above-mentioned battery equalizing device divides the whole group battery into a plurality of battery groups 1 to a monitor terminal 2 is responsible for a battery group 1, all add the equalizer with every section battery and compare, the use quantity of equalizer has been reduced, the electric wire quantity has been reduced, the installation is retrencied, equalizing unit 24 gets the voltage that directly traces to the battery group simultaneously, it is very big to make equalizing unit 24 get voltage and single section battery between the pressure differential greatly reduce, avoided directly getting from the battery both ends and caused the high pressure difference state, greatly improve the factor of safety of operation. And the storage battery balancing device utilizes power consumption control to realize passive balancing by switching the monitoring terminal between the working mode and the dormant mode, and saves electric energy compared with a passive balancing mode which consumes heat energy only.
The monitoring terminal 2 may further include a power supply unit, which is connected to power supply terminals (for example, the positive electrode of the first battery and the negative electrode of the last battery in the battery group 1) of the corresponding battery group 1 via power supply switches (controllable switches, such as a transistor, a MOSFET, etc.), and converts the obtained direct current into appropriate voltages to power the second control unit 21, the detection unit 23, and the second communication unit 22. The second control unit 21 causes the monitoring terminal 2 to enter the sleep mode by turning off the power supply switch.
In addition, the monitoring terminal 2 may further include a timer, and the timer closes the power supply switch every preset time when the monitoring terminal 2 is in the sleep mode, so as to wake up the corresponding monitoring terminal 2. The preset time of the timer may be set by the second control unit 21, and the timer is turned off when the monitoring terminal 2 is in the operation mode. Of course, the timer may be disconnected from the power supply switch, and the second control unit 21 may close the power supply switch when receiving the wake-up signal by sending the wake-up signal to the second control unit 21, so as to enable the monitoring terminal 2 to enter the operating mode.
The main controller 3 may also include a detection circuit for detecting performance parameters of the entire battery, such as total voltage, total current, main controller temperature, and the like, so as to assist in calculating the average state of charge of the battery pack 1 and calculating the state of charge of the individual batteries.
Particularly, since the storage battery is a complex electrochemical energy conversion system, the most important parameters of the storage battery are the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH), and even though the voltages are the same, the capacity states of the storage battery are not necessarily the same, so that more perfect storage battery model parameters are needed for judging and measuring, according to Thevenin battery model theory, the parameters of the voltage U, the ohmic internal resistance R1, the polarization internal resistance R2, the polarization capacitance C2 and the like of the battery are detected, the SOC and the SOH are estimated in real time, and the voltage parameters are combined to be used as the basis for judging the balance, so that the method is a more reasonable judgment method. Based on the above, the performance parameters of the single battery in the invention comprise battery voltage, battery ohmic resistance, battery polarization internal resistance, battery polarization capacitance and the like; the first control unit 31 of the main controller 3 calculates the health status of each battery according to the performance parameters of each battery cell, and sends an alarm signal when the health status of any battery cell is lower than a second preset value, so as to notify the staff to replace the corresponding battery cell. The state of charge of the single battery may also be obtained by the first control unit 31 of the main controller 3 through calculation according to the battery voltage, the battery ohmic resistance, the battery polarization internal resistance, the battery polarization capacitance, and the like of the single battery (any existing calculation model may be used).
In addition, the performance parameters of the single batteries may further include battery temperature, specifically, a temperature sensor may be configured for each single battery in the battery group 1, and the battery temperature of each single battery is obtained by the temperature sensor, and when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature, the first control unit 31 of the main controller 3 causes the monitoring terminal 2 connected to the battery group where the single battery is located to enter the sleep mode.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a distributed storage battery equalization method with active equalization and passive equalization according to the present invention, the storage battery is a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, all the single batteries in the storage battery are respectively located in a plurality of battery groups, and each battery group respectively has a plurality of single batteries connected in series; each battery group is respectively connected with a corresponding monitoring terminal, and each monitoring terminal is respectively connected with the main controller; the method comprises the following steps:
step S51: and each monitoring terminal respectively detects the performance parameters of each single battery of the storage battery in a working mode and sends the performance parameters of each single battery obtained by detection to the main controller.
Step S52: and the main controller calculates and obtains the average charge state of each battery group according to the performance parameters of each single battery.
Step S53: and the main controller judges whether the average charge state of each battery group is lower than a first preset value or not, executes the step S54 when the average charge state of any battery group is lower than a first threshold value, otherwise returns to the step S52, and calculates the average charge state of the battery groups according to the subsequently received performance parameters of the single batteries.
Step S54: the main controller sends a passive equalization instruction to a monitoring terminal connected to the battery pack with the average state of charge lower than a first threshold value, and the monitoring terminal executes the passive equalization instruction to enter a sleep mode.
Step S55: when the main controller receives the performance parameters of the single battery from each monitoring terminal, the main controller also calculates the state of charge of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery, and the step can be executed simultaneously with the step S52.
Step S56: the main controller judges whether the charge state of each single battery is lower than the average charge state of the battery group where the single battery is located, and executes step S57 when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of the battery group where the single battery is located and the corresponding battery group is in the working mode.
Step S57: the main controller sends an active equalization instruction to the corresponding monitoring terminal, and the corresponding monitoring terminal gets electricity from the battery group and charges the single battery with the charge state lower than the average charge state of the battery group.
The above battery equalization method may further include: the monitoring terminal enters a working mode at preset time intervals in a sleep mode and detects the performance parameters of each single battery in a corresponding working group, and the process can be specifically realized through a timer.
The performance parameters of the single battery comprise battery voltage, battery ohmic resistance, battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization capacitance; the above battery equalization method may further include: and the main controller calculates the health state of each battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery, and sends out an alarm signal when the health state of any battery is lower than a second preset value.
The performance parameters of the single batteries may further include battery temperature (which may be detected by a temperature sensor), and the main controller may cause the monitoring terminal connected to the battery group in which the single battery is located to enter a sleep mode when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature.
The monitoring terminal can be connected to the power supply end of the corresponding battery group through the power supply switch, and the monitoring terminal is connected to each single battery in the corresponding battery group through the plurality of detection switches respectively; when the monitoring terminal is in a working state, the detection switches at the two ends of each single battery are sequentially closed to detect the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery; and the monitoring terminal enters a sleep mode by disconnecting the power supply switch.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a have active equalization and passive balanced distributed battery balancing unit concurrently, the battery is the group battery that forms by the series connection of multisection monomer battery, its characterized in that: the storage battery balancing device comprises a main controller and a plurality of monitoring terminals which are respectively connected to the main controller, the plurality of monitoring terminals are respectively connected to a plurality of battery groups, and each battery group comprises a plurality of single batteries which are connected in series; the main controller comprises a first control unit and a first communication unit; each monitoring terminal comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a detection unit and an equalization unit; wherein:
when the monitoring terminal is in a working state, the detection unit detects the performance parameters of each single battery in the corresponding battery group under the control of the second control unit;
the first control unit is used for calculating and obtaining the average charge state of each battery group and the charge state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery, sending a passive equalization instruction to a monitoring terminal connected to the battery group when the average charge state of any battery group is lower than a first preset value, and sending an active equalization instruction to a corresponding monitoring terminal when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of the battery group where the single battery is located and the battery group is in a working mode;
the first communication unit and the second communication unit are used for realizing the transmission of the performance parameters, the passive equalization instructions and the active equalization instructions of the single batteries between the monitoring terminal and the main controller;
the second control unit is used for enabling the monitoring terminal to enter a sleep mode when receiving the passive equalization instruction and enabling the equalization unit to carry out equalization operation when the monitoring terminal is in a working mode and receiving the active equalization instruction;
and the equalizing unit is used for taking electricity from the battery group and charging the single batteries with the charge states lower than the average charge state of the battery group under the control of the second control unit.
2. The distributed battery equalization apparatus with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring terminal comprises a power supply unit, and the power supply unit is connected to the power supply end of the corresponding battery pack through a power supply switch; the detection unit is respectively connected with each single battery in the corresponding battery group through a plurality of detection switches; the detection unit sequentially closes detection switches at two ends of each single battery to detect the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery when the monitoring terminal is in a working state; and the second control unit enables the monitoring terminal to enter a sleep mode by turning off the power supply switch.
3. The distributed battery equalization apparatus with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 2, characterized in that: the monitoring terminal comprises a timer, and the timer sends a conducting signal to the power supply switch every preset time when the monitoring terminal is in a sleep mode, so that the monitoring terminal enters a working mode.
4. The distributed battery equalization apparatus with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: the performance parameters of the single battery comprise battery voltage, ohmic resistance of the battery, polarization internal resistance of the battery and polarization capacitance of the battery; and the first control unit of the main controller calculates the health state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery and sends out an alarm signal when the health state of any single battery is lower than a second preset value.
5. The distributed battery equalization apparatus having both active equalization and passive equalization of claim 1, wherein: the performance parameters of the single batteries comprise battery temperature, and when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature, the first control unit of the main controller enables a monitoring terminal connected to a battery group where the single battery is located to enter a sleep mode.
6. A distributed storage battery equalization method with active equalization and passive equalization is provided, the storage battery is a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, and the method is characterized in that: all the single batteries in the storage battery are respectively positioned in a plurality of battery groups, and each battery group is respectively provided with a plurality of single batteries connected in series; each battery group is respectively connected with a corresponding monitoring terminal, and each monitoring terminal is respectively connected with the main controller; the method comprises the following steps:
each monitoring terminal respectively detects the performance parameters of each single battery of the storage battery in a working mode;
the method comprises the following steps that a main controller calculates and obtains the average charge state of each battery group according to the performance parameters of each single battery, and when the average charge state of any battery group is lower than a first preset value, a passive equalization instruction is sent to a monitoring terminal connected to the battery group, and the monitoring terminal executes the passive equalization instruction and enters a sleep mode;
the method comprises the steps that a main controller calculates the charge state of each single battery according to performance parameters of each single battery, and when the charge state of any single battery is lower than the average charge state of a battery group where the single battery is located and the battery group is in a working mode, an active balancing instruction is sent to a corresponding monitoring terminal to enable the monitoring terminal to take electricity from the battery group and charge the single battery with the charge state lower than the average charge state of the battery group.
7. The distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: and the monitoring terminal enters a working mode at preset time intervals and detects the performance parameters of each single battery in the corresponding working group in the sleep mode.
8. The distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 6, characterized in that: the performance parameters of the single battery comprise battery voltage, battery ohmic resistance, battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization capacitance; the method comprises the following steps:
and the main controller calculates the health state of each single battery according to the performance parameters of each single battery and sends out an alarm signal when the health state of any single battery is lower than a second preset value.
9. The distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization of claim 6, wherein: the performance parameters of the single batteries comprise battery temperature, and the main controller enables the monitoring terminal connected to the battery group where the single batteries are located to enter a sleep mode when the battery temperature of any single battery exceeds a preset temperature.
10. The distributed battery equalization method with both active equalization and passive equalization according to claim 6, characterized in that: the monitoring terminal is connected to the power supply end of the corresponding battery group through the power supply switch, and the monitoring terminal is connected to each single battery in the corresponding battery group through the plurality of detection switches respectively; the monitoring terminal sequentially enables the detection switches at the two ends of each single battery to be closed when in a working state so as to detect the performance parameters of the corresponding single battery; and the monitoring terminal enters a sleep mode by disconnecting the power supply switch.
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| CN109088112A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-12-25 | 无锡瓴芯电子科技有限公司 | A kind of series-connected cell group modularization management system |
| CN108321827A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳市普禄科智能检测设备有限公司 | Backup battery energy storage discharge control system and method |
| CN110556848B (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2024-10-25 | 周锡卫 | BMS (battery management system) based on string regulation and control of storage battery and operation control method of energy storage system |
| CN108931743A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-04 | 北京动力京工科技有限公司 | A kind of high performance battery string detection device and detection method |
| CN109831007A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-31 | 安徽卓越电气有限公司 | Distributed battery control system |
| CN110687464B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2022-02-18 | 南京理工大学 | Speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method |
| CN110544801B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-11-03 | 河南理工大学 | Battery pack dual-target adaptive equalization control method based on health state |
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| CN102355031B (en) * | 2011-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 重庆大学 | Active equalizing charging method and device for LiFePO4 power battery packs |
| CN102593888A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-18 | 浙江凯能科技有限公司 | Storage battery balanced charging and discharging control system |
| WO2017118931A1 (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-13 | 陈生泰 | Method for constantly monitoring and replacing single cells, and management system and balanced charging device |
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