CN107266700A - 一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂 - Google Patents
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:其组分按重量份包括:环戊烷11~19份、正戊烷16~28份、异戊烷23~36份、油酸0.5~5份、去离子水31~47份、乳化剂0.5~2份;其制备工艺方案是:按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。其显著的特性是通过将多种戊烷与油酸乳化,并辅助水,克服了戊烷易燃、易爆、不易存储的缺陷,使得戊烷类发泡剂在聚氨酯发泡体系中具有均匀的溶解分散性,发泡均匀稳定,泡沫尺寸稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发泡保温材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂。
背景技术
作为最受关注的世界六大合成材料之一,近年来聚氨酯(TPU)产业规模迅速扩大。据《2016-2022年中国聚氨酯工业市场趋势预测与趋势预测研究报告》:全球聚氨酯(TPU)产品产量已超过2100万吨,2018年预计将达到2860万吨,我国目前大约有2000家以上的聚氨酯泡沫企业,其中泡沫体系及非泡沫体系产品各占半壁江山,其巨大增长潜力备受关注。
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是由聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯在发泡剂作用下制得的泡沫制品,具有优良的保温性能、力学性能、电学性能、声学性能和耐化学品性能,特别是具有优异的绝热性能,而广泛应用于冰箱、冰柜、热水器、冷库板、夹芯板、管道保温、冷藏集装箱、等绝热保温领域。在聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料生产过程中,目前常用的发泡剂主要是HCFC-141b、环戊烷、HFC-245fa和HFC-365mfc。三种发泡剂各自存在有缺点:在采用环戊烷时,应重点考虑发泡剂安全性,同时制备的泡沫密度较高,且泡沫的尺寸稳定性略差;在采用HFC-245fa制备泡沫时,组合料的温度需适当降低,一般15~18℃为佳;在采用HFC-365mfc制备泡沫时,同样存在闪点问题,发泡剂的安全性能不佳。HFC-245fa和HFC-365mfc的原料价格较高,制得的泡沫成本明显增加。另一方面,为降低泡沫成本,改善泡沫的低导热系数,将环戊烷与HFC-245fa做混合发泡剂的技术已有报道,但没有提及泡沫配方技术。同时上述现有技术还存在以下共性的问题:由于发泡剂的沸程较小,发泡时会受环境条件的影响较大,如地理环境,天气条件(湿度),影响泡沫的扩散或发泡,也降低发泡的可操作性,最终影响泡沫的综合性能。
近来人们关注氟氯烃对造成大气中臭氧消耗的潜在性,这就导致迫切需要开发能够替代氟氯烃发泡剂的反应体系,这类替代材料是环境保护所能接受的,而且由其所制造的泡沫塑料在许多应用领域中具有所必需地性能。此类替代性发泡剂包括含氢氯氟烃、含氢氟烃以及特别是烃类即烷烃和环烷烃类,如异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷以及其混合物。发泡中最具应用价值的是环戊烷、正戊烷及异戊烷三种,统称为戊烷类发泡剂,其由于在室温下皆为液态,ODP值均为零,GWP 值很低,无毒,对环境影响极小而受到重视。冰箱箱体的隔热保温材料基本都是由戊烷类作为发泡剂,再结合组合聚醚与异氰酸酯完成发泡。然而现有环戊烷沸点高出现凝结现象,以及环戊烷本身对基体的溶解和侵蚀作用使泡沫塑料密度增加,发泡效果不理想。技术人员试图通过其他戊烷来改善,但由于其不稳定性和难以均匀分散,在如何组合、如何存储以及如何使用方面并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其显著的特性是解决了戊烷发泡剂的存储稳定性、分散均匀性和发泡稳定性。
为实现上述目的,采用如下技术方案:
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:其组分按重量份包括:环戊烷11~19份、正戊烷16~28份、异戊烷23~36份、油酸0.5~5份、去离子水31~47份、乳化剂0.5~2份;
所述乳化剂选自三甲基十六烷基溴化铵、二甲基环己胺、五甲基二亚乙基撑三胺、三乙烯二胺、六氢三嗪中的至少一种;
所述一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其制备工艺方案是:按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
优选的,所述均质机为长颈阀均质机。
优选的,所述低温控制在以4-8℃。使体系在液体状态下反应,同时防止乳化体系破坏。
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其显著的特性是通过将多种戊烷与油酸乳化,并辅助水,克服了戊烷易燃、易爆、不易存储的缺陷,使得戊烷类发泡剂在聚氨酯发泡原料中具有均匀的溶解分散性;戊烷与水结合,形成化学发泡和物理发泡共同作用,发泡均匀稳定,泡沫尺寸稳定、高温导热系数低。
一个典型的实施例,按照上述工艺生产的戊烷系环保发泡剂。用于制备聚酯泡沫塑料,泡沫的耐低温性能有较大幅度的提高,聚酯泡沫塑料的体系热导率降低,同时泡沫抗压强度更高,可降低泡沫整体密度8-10%,泡沫性能优于纯环戊烷体系;本发明的另一意义在于为异戊烷的应用开辟了一条新的捷径,消除了戊烷单独使用的安全压力,有利于戊烷系混合发泡剂的大面积推广应用。
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和有益效果为:
1、本发明通过多种戊烷组合与油酸乳化,使得戊烷发泡剂存储稳定,克服了戊烷易燃、易爆不易存储的缺陷,使得戊烷类发泡剂在聚氨酯发泡中易于均匀分散,发泡稳定,相较于纯戊烷,其存储安全性、发泡均匀稳定性大幅提升。
2、本发明乳化发泡剂使得环保戊烷发泡剂易于大面积推广使用,与水复合乳化,形成化学发泡和物理发泡共同作用,提高发泡能力,通过多种戊烷组合与油酸通过在发泡剂中添加乳化剂,使戊烷类乳化在水中,所制得的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料较普通戊烷发泡的泡沫塑料的低温尺寸稳定性好、泡沫尺寸稳定、导热系数低、发泡制品强度高。
3、避免单一戊烷的劣势。例如,环戊烷沸点高出现凝结现象,以及环戊烷本身对基体的溶解和侵蚀作用使泡沫塑料密度增加。
4、本发明稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,成本低,制备工艺简单,适合规模化制备推广。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其组分包括:环戊烷19份、正戊烷16份、异戊烷23份、油酸0.5份、水42份、乳化剂0.5份。
按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入长颈阀均质机在氮气保护4-6℃低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
将上述发泡剂应用于聚氨酯发泡,取白料8kg、黑料8kg,与本发明发泡剂,加入搅拌釜中,原料粘度约为2000cp,以1000rad/s 的速度搅拌混合料,30s 后,停止搅拌,停放,让混合料自行发泡,起发90s 后,将其注入上述不锈钢模具中,合模反应,120s 后反应完全,聚氨酯发泡料填满整个模具,开启模具,出料的发泡制品。发泡的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。具体聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料指标如下:
压缩强度:28MPa
密度:32-40Kg/m3;
导热系数:100℃,温差80℃条件下,≤0.031mW/m·K;
尺寸稳定性:-20℃,24h:≤0.5%;100℃,24h: ≤1.0%;
闭孔率:≥92%。
实施例2
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其组分包括:环戊烷14份、正戊烷20份、异戊烷28份、油酸2.5份、水34份、乳化剂1.5份。
按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
将上述发泡剂应用于聚氨酯发泡,其配方包括:多元醇或多元醇的混合物38wt%;所述戊烷系环保发泡剂6wt%;聚合物MDI 56wt%。
制备时,将上述多元醇和戊烷系发泡剂投入到容器内搅拌均匀,得到发泡剂组合聚醚,再于与异氰酸酯反应,发泡的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。具体聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料指标如下:
压缩强度:24MPa
密度:32-40Kg/m3;
导热系数:100℃,温差80℃条件下,≤0.030mW/m·K;
尺寸稳定性:-20℃,24h:≤0.5%;100℃,24h: ≤1.0%;
闭孔率:≥90%。
实施例3
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其组分包括:环戊烷11份、正戊烷28份、异戊烷23份、油酸5份、水31份、乳化剂2份。
按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
将上述发泡剂应用于聚氨酯发泡,其配方包括:多元醇或多元醇的混合物40wt%;所述戊烷系环保发泡剂5wt%;聚合物MDI 55wt%。
制备时,将上述多元醇和戊烷系发泡剂投入到容器内搅拌均匀,得到发泡剂组合聚醚,再于与异氰酸酯反应,发泡的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。具体聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料指标如下:
压缩强度:25MPa
密度:32-40Kg/m3;
导热系数:100℃,温差80℃条件下,≤0.041mW/m·K;
尺寸稳定性:-20℃,24h:≤0.5%;100℃,24h: ≤1.0%;
闭孔率:≥89%。
实施例4
一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其组分包括:环戊烷15份、正戊烷23.5份、异戊烷36份、油酸1.5份、水31份、乳化剂1份。
按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
将上述发泡剂应用于聚氨酯发泡,其配方包括:多元醇或多元醇的混合物39wt%;所述戊烷系环保发泡剂7wt%;聚合物MDI 54wt%。
制备时,将上述多元醇和戊烷系发泡剂投入到容器内搅拌均匀,得到发泡剂组合聚醚,再于与异氰酸酯反应,发泡的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。具体聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料指标如下:
压缩强度:22MPa
密度:32-40Kg/m3;
导热系数:100℃,温差80℃条件下,≤0.030mW/m·K;
尺寸稳定性:-20℃,24h:≤0.5%;100℃,24h: ≤1.0%;
闭孔率:≥93%。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:其组分按重量份包括:环戊烷11~19份、正戊烷16~28份、异戊烷23~36份、油酸0.5~5份、去离子水31~47份、乳化剂0.5~2份;
所述一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其制备工艺方案是:按照设计配方称取环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷并机械搅拌混合5min,加入油酸和乳化剂,搅拌10~20min,最后加入去离子水,进入均质机在氮气保护低温下进行均质处理后,装罐备用,即得所述戊烷系环保发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述所述一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:所述乳化剂选自三甲基十六烷基溴化铵、二甲基环己胺、五甲基二亚乙基撑三胺、三乙烯二胺、六氢三嗪中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述所述一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:所述均质机为长颈阀均质机。
4.根据权利要求1所述所述一种用于聚氨酯发泡的稳定性戊烷系环保发泡剂,其特征在于:所述低温控制在以4-8℃。
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CN112679789A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-20 | 江苏威久科技发展有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯用阻燃型正戊烷发泡剂及其制备方法 |
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CN101948563A (zh) * | 2010-08-24 | 2011-01-19 | 上海东大聚氨酯有限公司 | 戊烷型组合聚醚及含其组合物,聚氨酯硬质泡沫及其应用 |
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