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CN107238432A - One kind vibration Deformation Observation method, device and recording method - Google Patents

One kind vibration Deformation Observation method, device and recording method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107238432A
CN107238432A CN201710400885.8A CN201710400885A CN107238432A CN 107238432 A CN107238432 A CN 107238432A CN 201710400885 A CN201710400885 A CN 201710400885A CN 107238432 A CN107238432 A CN 107238432A
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China
Prior art keywords
frequency
vibration
light source
signal
deformation
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张涛
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Wuhan University WHU
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Wuhan University WHU
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Priority to CN201710400885.8A priority Critical patent/CN107238432A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of vibration Deformation Observation method, device and recording method, vibration frequency measurement is carried out to the Vibration Targets being observed, note measurement result is f, then the square-wave signal that a frequency is f δ is synthesized, δ is default frequency-splitting, control light source to be flashed with frequency f δ according to this square-wave signal, deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated as by the f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration;Vibrating Deformation Observation device includes transducer, signal conditioner, frequency analysis module, frequency synthesizer and light source.The present invention utilizes the poor mode of difference on the frequency accumulated phase, it is ingenious realize with the naked eye can be to vibration at high speed object deformation observation, shooting record can be carried out to the deformation of vibration at high speed object with common camera simultaneously, and the vibration Deformation Observation device of low cost is provided, suitable for promoting the use of, with important market value.

Description

One kind vibration Deformation Observation method, device and recording method
Technical field
The invention belongs to vibrate distortion measurement technical field, more particularly a kind of vibration Deformation Observation method, device and Recording method.
Background technology
Deformation of the research object in vibration is extremely important, and stressing conditions when can be vibrated with object analysis are that structure is set Meter provides basic data reference.In addition, research animal movement (such as insect wing vibration) is also a kind of observation vibrating object shape The work of change.Study acoustics when, also can object analysis vibration deformation.The vibration frequency of these usual objects all compares Hurry up, typically from tens hertz to thousand hertz, now naked eyes can not directly observed objects vibration when deformation, usual way It is to be recorded (thousands of per second to tens thousand of frames) by high-speed motion picture camera, then is returned with common broadcasting speed (25 frames left and right per second) Put, can just observe vibration deformation.But high-speed motion picture camera cost is very high, and need high-power illumination just can be normal Shoot.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art defect, it is proposed that inexpensive vibration Deformation Observation, device and and recording method.
Technical solution of the present invention proposes a kind of vibration Deformation Observation method, and the Vibration Targets being observed are vibrated first Frequency measurement, note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, and δ is default frequency-splitting, according to This square-wave signal control light source with frequency f- δ flash, in time elongate displaying object vibration when deformed condition, elongate for will The f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration.
Moreover, between 0.1 to 2 hertz of frequency-splitting δ values.
Moreover, the dutycycle that light source is lighted is 10%.
Corresponding one kind that provides of the invention vibrates Deformation Observation device, including transducer 1, signal conditioner 2, frequency analysis mould Block 3, frequency synthesizer 4 and light source 5, transducer 1, signal conditioner 2, frequency analysis module 3, frequency synthesizer 4 and light source 5 according to Secondary connection,
The transducer 1, the vibration signal for gathering the Vibration Targets being observed, is converted into electric signal, and be transferred to Signal conditioner 2;
The signal conditioner 2, the electric signal for transducer 1 to be inputted, which amplifies, to be filtered, and is transferred to frequency analysis mould Block 3;
The frequency analysis module 3, the vibration frequency f for the Vibration Targets being observed for extracting, and it is transferred to frequency Synthesizer 4;
The frequency synthesizer 4, for synthesizing the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, δ is default frequency-splitting, and It is transferred to light source 5;
The light source 5, for being flashed with frequency f- δ, is elongated deformed condition during displaying object vibration, elongated in time For by the f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration.
Moreover, between 0.1 to 2 hertz of frequency-splitting δ values.
Moreover, the dutycycle that light source is lighted is 10%.
Moreover, transducer 1 uses vibrating sensor or microphone.
Corresponding one kind that provides of the invention vibrates deformation recording method, carries out vibration frequency to the Vibration Targets being observed first Measurement, note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, δ is default frequency-splitting, according to this side Ripple signal controls light source to be flashed with frequency f- δ, and deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated as by object The f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of vibration;Shot using video camera, record the shape during object vibration elongated in time Change situation.
Moreover, making shutter exposure time be longer than the flicker cycle of light source.
Or, control camera shutter with light source control signal.
The present invention is using the mode of difference on the frequency accumulated phase difference, and ingenious realize with the naked eye can be to vibration at high speed object shape The observation of change, while shooting record can be carried out with common camera to the deformation of vibration at high speed object, and provides low cost Vibration Deformation Observation device, suitable for promoting the use of, with important market value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the object vibration frequency of the embodiment of the present invention, between light source scintillation frequency and the vibration frequency that observes Relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the theory structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the electrical block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the frequency analysis combiner circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
The vibration frequency of vibrating object is general to arrive thousand hertz tens, and its vibration frequency it is main by material, shape, Size is determined, therefore its vibration frequency is relatively stablized, and the process vibrated every time is also basically identical.Therefore, the present invention proposes to use one The light source of individual flash frequency close to its vibration frequency illuminates (such as lower than vibration frequency 1 hertz) to it, due to every time vibration with The reason for difference on the frequency of illumination, can sequentially it change in a cycle with the phase difference of vibration position at the time of illumination, and become The frequency of change is exactly the difference of vibration frequency and light source flash rate.So can sequentially it capture in vibrating object a cycle State during out of phase, connects the continuous deformation of exactly vibrating object.Although object vibration frequency does not change, Be the visual vibration frequency observed be vibration frequency and flash frequency difference (such as 1 hertz), now can clearly observe The deformation occurred to each position during object vibration, while can also be recorded with common camera, but because light source is flicker , shooting is likely to result in secret note, Flickering Phenomenon, present invention further propose that:On the one hand it can be changed by adjusting the time for exposure It is kind, on the other hand, if video camera shutter support is controlled, the signal of light source can will be controlled directly or after frequency dividing to control to image Machine shutter, to reach Complete Synchronization, it is ensured that photographic effect.
The vibration frequency of Vibration Targets first with transducer (vibrating sensor or microphone) to being observed is measured, Note measurement result is f, is then synthesized between the signal that a frequency is f- δ, 0.1 to 2 hertz of the preferred values of frequency-splitting δ, and The flicker of light source, i.e. light source is controlled to be flashed with frequency f- δ with this signal.Its dutycycle lighted is preferably controlled in 10% or so, I.e. within each cycle, the time that light source is lighted accounts for the 10% of total time, and the flicker frequency of such as light source is 100 hertz, then often The long total time degree in individual cycle is 10 milliseconds, and light source lights 1 millisecond, extinguishes 9 milliseconds.The too low then object brightness of dutycycle is inadequate, Observation is difficult, dutycycle too Gao Zehui causes the fuzzy situation of observed object.
If the vibration equation of any particle of object is:
A=a × cos (t × f × 2 × π+ω) formula 1
Wherein A is the position of particle, and a is amplitude, and t is the time, and f is vibration frequency, and ω is initial phase.Each particle Initial phase is not quite similar.
Then light source scintillation equation is:(to simplify expression, represented with sine wave, actual is square wave, and light source is in high level It is bright)
L=b × cos (t × (f- δ) × 2 × π) formula 2
Wherein L is light source state, and b is amplitude, and what it is due to control light source is square wave, therefore b=1 in practice.
Actual design is the adjustable square wave of dutycycle, makes light source bright in high level, to simplify the analysis, it is believed that light source is in L It is bright when=1.When then light source is lighted, the condition of satisfaction is:
T × (f- δ) × 2 × π=2 × n × π, n=0,1,2,3 ... formula 3
Wherein n is periodicity.
Then:
T=n/2 (f- δ), n=0,1,2,3 ... formula 4
The state of any particle of the vibrating object observed is:
S=a × cos ((n/2 (f- δ)) × f × 2 × π+ω), n=0,1,2,3 ... formula 5
Assume again that and the time 1/f of object vibration a cycle is divided into f- δ equal portions, every section of time span is 1/ (f × (f- δ)), if in each equal portions moment observed objects, the vibrational state of object can be observed, and the shape observed State is:
S '=a × cos ((n/2 (f- δ)) × 2 × π+ω), n=0,1,2,3 ... formula 6
S-S '=- 2 × a × sin (n × π × f/ (f- δ)) × sin (n × π × (f-1)/(f- δ)), n=0,1,2, 3 ... formula 7
It is the range difference of certain particle position that the position at certain moment is arrived with actual observation within a vibration period to make D, then:
D=sin (n × π × f/ (f- δ)) × sin (n × π × (f-1)/(f- δ)), n=0,1,2,3 ... formula 8
Due to δ values very little (preferably value is between 0.1 to 2), f values are general between tens to one KHz, therefore f- Closely, therefore, f/ (f- δ) and (f-1)/(f- δ) value is all close to 1, and then D value is close for tri- numerical value of δ, f, f-1 In sin (n × π) × sin (n × π), and n is integer, therefore D is close to 0, even if when f=50 hertz, when δ=2 hertz, D value is also not more than 0.01.It is believed that vibrational state S ' actual with it the vibrational state S of the object observed is very Close, and the visual effect vibration frequency of the object observed is δ.Because the vibration frequency of original particle is f, and it is actual It was observed that vibration frequency be δ, f value is usually tens to hundreds of hertz, and δ value is usually 0.1-2 hertz, therefore quite Almost it is tens Dao thousands of times in original vibration processes have been elongated f/ δ times.
Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of vibration Deformation Observation method, and the Vibration Targets being observed are carried out first Vibration frequency is measured, and note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, and δ is default frequency-splitting, Control light source to be flashed with frequency f- δ according to this square-wave signal, deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated For by the f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration.
The present invention proposes that the preferred values of δ can obtain pleasant observation effect between 0.1 to 2 hertz by experiment Really, when object vibration frequency is higher, δ value can be properly increased, but it is general no more than 5Hz, and otherwise observation is imitated It is really bad.Particularly, when δ=1 hertz, D=0.
So, by the method for the present invention, clearly accurately observe deformed condition during object vibration, it is possible to general Logical video camera is recorded.
In Fig. 1, it is 10 hertz (amplitude is 1 solid line), i.e. f=10 to depict object vibration frequency.Light source scintillation frequency It is δ=1 for 9 hertz (amplitude is 0.2 dotted line), abscissa is the time, and ordinate is amplitude.What the circle on transverse axis was represented At the time of being light source scintillation, now corresponding to L=1 in formula 2, ' X ' symbol is represented at the time of light source is lighted, object vibration State, ' mouth ' symbol is represented in object vibration a cycle, will be divided into 9 parts the time, vibration when starting per the portion moment State, it is seen then that each ' X ' symbol has ' mouth ' symbol correspondence, the chain-dotted line that ' X ' symbol is connected is equivalent to an object Vibrational state is elongated in time, that is, visually feels that vibration is slack-off, can with the naked eye be observed.Its vision frequency Rate is exactly the difference frequency δ of 1 hertz, i.e. object vibration frequency and flash frequency.
Fig. 2 illustrates realization principle, transducer 1, Signal-regulated kinase 2, frequency analysis module 3, frequency synthesizer 4 and light Source 5 is sequentially connected.Transducer 1 gathers the vibration signal of Vibration Targets, is converted into electric signal, is transferred to Signal-regulated kinase 2, believes Frequency analysis module 3 is transferred to after being exaggerated and filter number herein, the instantaneous frequency f of object vibration, and thus frequency is extracted Rate determines that signal frequency f- δ, δ synthesized by frequency synthesizer 4 are difference on the frequencies, and the signal is square-wave signal, and dutycycle is adjustable, uses The illumination of flicker is produced in control light source 5, when high level, light source 5 is opened, and light source 5 is closed during low level.Frequency synthesizer 4 is relatively low using the cost of chip microcontroller, and realizes easily, in addition, can also use FPGA or VCO (VCOs Device) etc. realize.Frequency analysis module 3 and frequency synthesizer 4 be able to can be used using integration realization as frequency analysis synthesis module Phaselocked loop and voltage controlled oscillator are realized, or use chip microcontroller.Transducer 1 can use vibrating sensor or microphone. The output of frequency synthesizer 4 is sent to light source 5 and can realized using switch module.Light source 5 can use common white LED illumination light Source.Signal-regulated kinase 2 can use existing signal conditioner.
Further, it is also possible to set power supply to provide operating voltage for the part needed.It is possible to further provide control panel Voluntarily it is configured for user.
Such as Fig. 3, embodiment vibrating sensor 11, signal conditioner 12, frequency analysis synthesis module 13, switch module 14th, white LED illumination light source 15 and power supply 16 and control panel 17 are realized.Vibrating sensor 11, signal conditioner 12, frequency Rate analysis synthesis module 13, switch module 14 and white LED illumination light source 15 are sequentially connected, the analysis of the rate of connections of control panel 17 Synthesis module 13, power supply 16 connects signal conditioner 12, frequency analysis synthesis module 13, switch module 14 respectively.
For the observed object that can be touched, the contact observed object of vibrating sensor 11, to detect its vibration frequency.It is right In the observed object (such as the wing of insect vibration) for being difficult to contact, transducer can also use microphone, to gather intended vibratory The sound sent, to detect its vibration frequency.
Signal conditioner 12 is constituted with LM324 operational amplifiers, and the function of being realized is that vibrating sensor 11 is collected Small-signal be amplified, and be filtered, in general only retain less than 1000 hertz of signal, because most vibration things The frequency of body is within this range.
When frequency analysis synthesis module 13 is using single-chip microcomputer, performance requirement is not high, but preferably carries timer timer, with Just frequency analysis is realized.ATMEL ATMEGA328 is selected herein.
The effect one that control panel 17 is preferably provided is the multiplication factor and filter cutoff frequency of control signal conditioner 12 Rate, two be the brightness for controlling predeterminated frequency difference δ and light source.The setting of control panel 17 can be input to single-chip microcomputer, pass through list Piece machine is controlled.
Signal after being handled through signal conditioner 12 delivers to single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer carries out frequency counting to it, obtains its frequency Rate f, then subtracts the default difference on the frequency δ of control panel 17 by f, obtains light source scintillation frequency f- δ, and control monolithic according to the value The timer (timer) that machine itself possesses so that the frequency of the output signal of timer is f- δ, while always according to control panel 17 brightness set set the dutycycle of timer timer output signals.
Switch module 14 is made up of FET IFR540, the Signal-controlled switch component of the timer output of single-chip microcomputer 14, when output signal is high level, switch module 14 is turned on, and control white LED illumination light source 15 lights, low when exporting When level, switch module 14 ends, and white LED illumination light source 15 is closed.White LED illumination light source 15 should be irradiated to by In observed object.
According to such design, the flicker frequency of white LED illumination light source 15 is can be higher than observed object vibration frequency δ, when δ is between 0.1 to 2, visually can clearly observe the situation of vibration deformation, it is possible to common camera or Camera carries out photologging.
Frequency analysis synthesis module 13 can also be realized using phaselocked loop and voltage controlled oscillator, referring to Fig. 4:Including with reference to frequency Rate source 101, phaselocked loop 102, frequency mixer 103 and voltage controlled oscillator 104, the connection frequency mixer 103 of signal conditioner 12, reference frequency Source 101 and frequency mixer 103 connect phaselocked loop 102 respectively, and phaselocked loop 102 connects voltage controlled oscillator 104, voltage controlled oscillator 104 Output connection frequency mixer 103 and switch module 14.The signal of signal conditioner 12 and the output signal of voltage controlled oscillator 104 are all sent It is mixed to frequency mixer 103, in the hope of difference frequency signal.The output signal of voltage controlled oscillator 104 delivers to switch module 14 simultaneously Control light source.The difference frequency signal that reference frequency source 101 is obtained with frequency mixer 103 is delivered to phaselocked loop ring 102 and is compared.
Reference frequency source 101 is set to δ first, frequency mixer 103 is by the signal from signal conditioner 12 and voltage-controlled shakes The signal mixing for swinging device 104 obtains difference frequency signal, difference frequency signal and the signal feeding phaselocked loop 102 from reference frequency source 101 It is compared, and voltage controlled oscillator 104 is controlled with comparative result, under the control of phaselocked loop 102 so that voltage controlled oscillator 104 The difference on the frequency of the signal of synthesis and the signal from signal conditioner 12 is δ.Now the output signal of voltage controlled oscillator 104 is with coming A difference frequency δ is maintained all the time from the signal of signal conditioner 12.
When it is implemented, reference frequency source (REF Clock), phaselocked loop (PLL), frequency mixer (VCO) and voltage controlled oscillator (MIXER) existing component can be used.Realization than lower cost is to select LM567, the integrated chip PLL, VCO.Ginseng Frequency source is examined to produce using general crystal oscillator frequency dividing.
The embodiment of the present invention correspondingly provides a kind of vibration deformation recording method, and the Vibration Targets being observed are carried out first Vibration frequency is measured, and note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, and δ is default frequency-splitting, Control light source to be flashed with frequency f- δ according to this square-wave signal, deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated For by the f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration;Shot using video camera, record the object elongated in time and shake Deformed condition when dynamic.
When needing shooting, it is noted that because light source is flicker, the eyes of people can be produced by visual persistence effect The illusion that organism continuously moves, but the shutter of video camera is to open moment, it is existing it is therefore possible to produce flicker, secret note As.Present invention further propose that solving this problem by way of two kinds can select:
1, can be with proper extension shutter exposure time if the shutter of video camera can not be by external trigger control.Tool Body, shutter exposure time should be made to be longer than the flicker cycle of light source.For example, light source scintillation frequency is 100 hertz, then it flashes Cycle is
1/100=0.01 the second
As long as allowing the shutter exposure time of video camera to be equal to 0.01 second, it is possible to ensure during exposing each time, to catch To primary source illumination.Further, if the shutter exposure time of video camera is equal to 0.02 second, it is possible to which guarantee exposes each time The illumination of two secondary light sources is captured between light time.It can so ensure that image pickup result does not flash and secret note.
2, if video camera shutter support external trigger, camera shutter can be controlled with light source control signal.Due to The frame frequency of general video camera is about in 24-30fps, less than light source scintillation frequency, thus be not the signal that lights of every secondary light source all Shutter can be triggered, but can so cause there is light source illumination when each shutter, and makes frame frequency as high as possible.
Specific embodiment described in the present invention is only exemplary of the invention.It is any to be familiar with the technology Technical staff is done in the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, can all be readily available its change or replacement, therefore present invention protection model Enclosing should all cover within the protection domain being defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. one kind vibration Deformation Observation method, it is characterised in that:Vibration frequency measurement is carried out to the Vibration Targets being observed first, Note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, and δ is default frequency-splitting, is believed according to this square wave Number control light source is flashed with frequency f- δ, and deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated as by object vibration Original vibration processes f/ δ times.
2. Deformation Observation method is vibrated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:0.1 to 2 hertz of frequency-splitting δ values it Between.
3. Deformation Observation method is vibrated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dutycycle that light source is lighted is 10%.
4. one kind vibration Deformation Observation device, it is characterised in that:Including transducer (1), signal conditioner (2), frequency analysis mould Block (3), frequency synthesizer (4) and light source (5), transducer (1), signal conditioner (2), frequency analysis module (3), frequency synthesis Device (4) and light source (5) are sequentially connected,
The transducer (1), the vibration signal for gathering the Vibration Targets being observed, is converted into electric signal, and be transferred to letter Number conditioner (2);
The signal conditioner (2), the electric signal for transducer (1) to be inputted, which amplifies, to be filtered, and is transferred to frequency analysis mould Block (3);The frequency analysis module (3), the vibration frequency f for the Vibration Targets being observed for extracting, and it is transferred to frequency Synthesizer (4);The frequency synthesizer (4), for synthesizing the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, δ is default difference on the frequency Value, and it is transferred to light source (5);
The light source (5), for being flashed with frequency f- δ, is elongated deformed condition during displaying object vibration, elongates and be in time By the f/ δ times of the original vibration processes of object vibration.
5. Deformation Observation device is vibrated according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:0.1 to 2 hertz of frequency-splitting δ values it Between.
6. Deformation Observation device is vibrated according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The dutycycle that light source is lighted is 10%.
7. Deformation Observation device is vibrated according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterised in that:Transducer (1) is passed using vibration Sensor or microphone.
8. one kind vibration deformation recording method, it is characterised in that:Vibration frequency measurement is carried out to the Vibration Targets being observed first, Note measurement result is f, then synthesizes the square-wave signal that a frequency is f- δ, and δ is default frequency-splitting, is believed according to this square wave Number control light source is flashed with frequency f- δ, and deformed condition during displaying object vibration is elongated in time, is elongated as by object vibration Original vibration processes f/ δ times;Shot using video camera, record the deformation shape during object vibration elongated in time Condition.
9. deformation recording method is vibrated according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:Shutter exposure time is set to be longer than the sudden strain of a muscle of light source The bright cycle.
10. deformation recording method is vibrated according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:Video camera is controlled with light source control signal Shutter.
CN201710400885.8A 2017-05-31 2017-05-31 One kind vibration Deformation Observation method, device and recording method Pending CN107238432A (en)

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CN109541036A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-29 石家庄铁道大学 Tunnel-liner back cavity detection system
CN114264246A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-04-01 武华凯 Non-contact equipment based on vibration deformation measuring method of digital image

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CN109541036A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-29 石家庄铁道大学 Tunnel-liner back cavity detection system
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CN114264246A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-04-01 武华凯 Non-contact equipment based on vibration deformation measuring method of digital image

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Application publication date: 20171010