CN107236853B - 短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents
短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,包括铁水脱硫、电炉(或转炉)冶炼、精炼、连铸、均热炉、轧制、层流冷却、卷取、热浸镀、光整、落料、奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火的步骤。本发明还公开了上述方法制备得到的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢。本发明相对现有技术减少了冷连轧工序,其工艺流程大大缩短,钢水经连续浇铸成中薄板坯后经短暂加热后直接轧制成薄板,工序成本大幅降低。通过较高的氢气还原和两段露点控制,可使钢板基体表面,形成细小致密的FeO和少量的Fe3O4氧化铁皮,表面变得更加平滑,粗糙度降低,粒度均匀,后续浸镀过程中镀液与钢基表面有较强的吸附力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热压成形领域,具体用于汽车部件的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢及其制造方法。
背景技术
在Zn-Al合金镀层里加入少量的Mg元素不仅能增加镀层的光泽度,细化晶粒,强化晶界,还能抑制Zn-Al合金镀层的晶界腐蚀,消除杂质元素Sn和Cd等的不良作用。因此,热镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层由于具有良好的耐蚀性和耐损伤性而具有广阔的应用前景。
热成形钢在高温加热成形后具有很高的抗拉强度和在高温下良好的成形性,从而可以成形复杂形状、超高强度的零件,且具有成形精确,焊接性良好,没有回弹等优点。作为汽车用钢中强度级别最高的钢种,热成形钢被广泛用于汽车防碰撞的安全部件。随着热成形技术的发展,镀层技术越来越多地应用于热成形钢。镀层可以防止成形过程中表面氧化和脱碳,还能提高漆装后的防腐蚀性能。
将锌铝镁涂镀应用到热成形工艺上,使得钢板镀层经过热冲压后保持完整,并具有良好的涂装性能。然而,传统镀层热成形钢的生产流程为:脱硫铁水→转炉冶炼→炉外精炼→连铸→板坯加热→热连轧→酸洗+冷连轧→连续涂镀→精整包装→落料→加热→模具冲压淬火。生产工艺流程较长,成本较高。
为同时达到耐蚀性能提高和成本降低的目的,可以采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产热成形钢原板,再进行热涂镀和热冲压,最终获得力学性能和镀层质量均能满足要求的汽车零部件。
由于薄板坯连铸连轧所得钢板表面与常规热轧和冷轧态表面有较大差异,需要采用新的涂镀工艺获得优良的镀层表面质量。
专利号为CN104419867A的专利发明了1250MPa级超高强锌铝镁镀层钢板,镀层化学成分重量百分数为:Al-1~15%、Mg-1~5%,Al/Mg≥1。所发明的带钢最大屈服强度为1250MPa,镀前表面经过冷轧酸洗,且后续未进行热压成形。专利号为CN106282873 A的专利公开了一种热冲压钢的合金镀层及其制备方法,合金镀层含量为:Zn-40~65%、Si-2~8%、Al-25~57%。所发明的镀层Al含量过高,不适用于大批量汽车板的连续涂镀生产管理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于将短流程生产技术与连续热浸镀锌铝镁镀层技术有机串接,形成一种新型的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,达到“以热代冷”1000MPa级以上超高强度热成形钢直接热镀新型镀层,提高产品质量、降低能耗、提高生产效率、降低成本的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法包括铁水脱硫、电炉(或转炉)冶炼、精炼、连铸、均热炉、轧制、层流冷却、卷取、热浸镀、光整、落料、奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火的步骤;
所述轧制步骤的终轧温度为800~890℃,带钢成品厚度为0.8~2.0mm,轧制过程中采用支撑辊润滑;
所述热浸镀步骤中,首先,将钢带在0℃~+50℃的露点范围内预热到550℃~750℃,接着在-30℃~0℃的露点范围内加热到750℃~950℃,H2体积百分数为15~85%,以10~30℃/s的冷速冷却至高于镀液温度(TD)5~30℃,保温0~100s,随后浸入到镀液中,镀液温度(TD)为(熔点+20)~(熔点+60)℃,浸镀时间不超过15s,然后以不低于30℃/s的冷速冷却至室温并制成钢卷。所述镀液中,Al含量为1~15%,Mg含量为1~10%,其余为Zn和不可避免的杂质。
所述奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火步骤中,将热浸镀后的钢卷经光整、落料成汽车零件坯料后,加热到完全奥氏体化温度900~970℃,保温1~10min后进行高温冲压成形,成形过程中同时发生淬火及低温回火,淬火冷却速度为20~40℃/s,成形后以10~30℃/s的冷速冷却至室温。
优选地,所述热浸镀步骤中,预加热温度为575~675℃,露点范围为+30~+50℃;加热温度为780~880℃,露点范围为-30~-15℃;H2体积百分数为50~70%。
优选地,所述热浸镀步骤镀液中,Al含量为2~7%,Mg含量为1~3%。
优选地,所述热浸镀步骤中,保温时间为60~80s,浸镀时间为4~10s,浸镀后冷却速度为40~70℃/s。
优选地,所述奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火步骤中,加热到完全奥氏体化温度910~950℃,保温3~6min后进行高温冲压成形,成形后以15~25℃/s的冷速冷却至室温。
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明相对现有技术减少了冷连轧工序,其工艺流程大大缩短,钢水经连续浇铸成中薄板坯后经短暂加热后直接轧制成薄板,工序成本大幅降低。
2)带钢的板形良好。本发明通过较高的氢气还原和两段露点控制,可使钢板基体表面,形成细小致密的FeO和少量的Fe3O4氧化铁皮,氢气还原前氧化铁皮的粗糙度平均值为经氢气还原后氧化铁皮的粗糙度平均值为0.6~0.8μm。氧化铁皮还原后生成的纯铁层在高温烧结作用下,表面变得更加平滑,粗糙度降低,粒度均匀,后续浸镀过程中镀液与钢基表面有较强的吸附力。
3)镀层厚度精度高。带镀层钢板的上下表面、上下表面宽度方向不同位置处所测得的镀层厚度值中间,最大值与最小值的差不超过5μm。能实现“以热代冷”目的。
4)在锌液中添加Al、Mg可获得熔点较高的合金相,从而使得镀层可耐受较高的加热温度,突破了现有技术所生产的镀层产品易产生裂纹并脱落、镀层质量较差的问题。
5)按照本发明制造的耐蚀高强度锌铝镁镀层汽车板经高温加热冲压成形后,镀层连续完整,形成多相富铝、富镁共晶组织,镀层抗腐蚀性能良好。带镀层钢板的最终微观组织为马氏体组织占95%以上,抗拉强度大于1000MPa,镀层抗腐蚀性能达到普通镀锌板的4倍以上。其制造流程短,产品表面质量好,厚度精度高,可耐受较高的加热温度,适合生产更高强度的带镀层高强钢,实现“以热代冷”,大幅节约能源消耗。
总之,本发明制备得到的带镀层热冲压产品,镀层可以耐受比普通镀锌板更高的加热温度,具有强度高、成形性好、高尺寸精度、回弹小、耐蚀性能高等特点,可用于汽车零部件,例如,前、后门左右防撞杆(梁)、前、后保险杠、A柱加强板、B柱加强板、C柱加强板、地板中通道、车顶加强梁等安全结构件。
附图说明
图1为本发明热成形前基板表面氧化铁皮形貌(经15%H2还原)。
图2为本发明热成形前基板表面氧化铁皮形貌(经35%H2还原)。
图3为本发明热成形前镀层表面形貌。
图4为本发明热成形后镀层截面形貌。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢方法,主要包括铁水脱硫、电炉或转炉冶炼、精炼、中薄板坯连铸、铸坯均热、轧制、层流冷却、卷取、热浸镀、光整、落料、加热奥氏体化、模具冲压成形淬火。
在轧制步骤中,终轧温度为800~890℃,带钢成品厚度为0.8~2.0mm,轧制过程中采用支撑辊润滑。
在0℃~+50℃的露点范围内加热到550℃~750℃,再在-30℃~0℃的露点范围内加热到750℃~950℃,H2体积百分数为15~85%,以10~30℃/s的冷速冷却至高于镀液温度(TD)5~30℃,保温时间0~100s(本实施中为60s),随后浸镀到镀液中,镀液中含有1~15%Al和1~10%Mg,其余为Zn和不可避免的杂质。镀液温度(TD)为(熔点+20)~(熔点+60)℃,浸镀时间不超过15s,以不低于30℃/s的冷速冷却(本实施例中为45℃/s)至室温并制成钢卷。
根据汽车车身零件尺寸的大小,将板卷落料成相应的规格,在带有氮气保护气氛的加热炉内加热到900~970℃保温1~10min进行奥氏体化,然后快速置于带有冷却装置的模具内进行冲压成形,成形过程中同时发生淬火及低温回火,淬火冷却速度20~40℃/s,成品钢基组织为马氏体,其中马氏体的体积百分数不小于95%。钢板在高温成形后,镀层完整无脱落。
热浸镀和热冲压的工艺参数见表1。
表1热浸镀和热冲压工艺参数
表2(续1)工艺参数
从图1~4和表1~2可以看出:
钢板按照表1、2所示工艺参数浸镀锌铝镁镀层后,氧化铁皮的成分和形态发生改变,且随着炉内还原气氛H2含量的增加,钢基表面氧化铁皮更加细小致密(FeO和少量的Fe3O4(图1、2)),厚度在5μm左右。镀层连续完整,形成多相的富铝、富镁共晶组织(图3),在钢基表面附着性良好。钢板在高温(910~964℃)成形后,镀层完整无脱落,未发现微裂纹(图4)。
因此,经过本发明的工艺制造的锌铝镁镀层产品可以改变短流程生产的钢基表面氧化铁皮性状,与市场上现有的镀层产品相比,可耐受更高的高温成形并无镀层脱落或裂纹扩展情况发生,镀层耐蚀性良好,对于生产超高强热成形钢有较大的优势。
Claims (6)
1.一种短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,包括铁水脱硫、电炉或转炉冶炼、精炼、连铸、均热炉、轧制、层流冷却、卷取、热浸镀、光整、落料、奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火的步骤,其特征在于:
所述轧制步骤的终轧温度为800~890℃,带钢成品厚度为0.8~2.0mm,轧制过程中采用支撑辊润滑;
所述热浸镀步骤中,首先,将钢带在0℃~+50℃的露点范围内预热到550℃~750℃,接着在-30℃~0℃的露点范围内加热到750℃~950℃,H2体积百分数为15~85%,以10~30℃/s的冷速冷却至高于镀液温度5~30℃,保温0~100s,随后浸入到镀液中,镀液温度为(熔点+20)~(熔点+60)℃,浸镀时间不超过15s,然后以不低于30℃/s的冷速冷却至室温并制成钢卷;所述镀液中,Al含量为1~15%,Mg含量为1~10%,其余为Zn和不可避免的杂质;
所述奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火步骤中,将热浸镀后的钢卷经光整、落料成汽车零件坯料后,加热到完全奥氏体化温度900~970℃,保温1~10min后进行高温冲压成形,成形过程中同时发生淬火及低温回火,淬火冷却速度为20~40℃/s,成形后以10~30℃/s的冷速冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,其特征在于:
所述热浸镀步骤中,预加热温度为575~675℃,露点范围为+30~+50℃;加热温度为780~880℃,露点范围为-30~-15℃;H2体积百分数为50~70%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,其特征在于:
所述热浸镀步骤镀液中,Al含量为2~7%,Mg含量为1~3%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,其特征在于:
所述热浸镀步骤中,保温时间为60~80s,浸镀时间为4~10s,浸镀后冷却速度为40~70℃/s。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢的方法,其特征在于:
所述奥氏体化和模具冲压成形淬火步骤中,加热到完全奥氏体化温度910~950℃,保温3~6min后进行高温冲压成形,成形后以15~25℃/s的冷速冷却至室温。
6.权利要求1至5任一项方法制备得到的短流程轧制锌铝镁镀层热成形钢。
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