CN107132161A - A kind of novel portable Diesel exhaust particles extracts road detection apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of novel portable Diesel exhaust particles extracts road detection apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种道路检测装置及方法，尤其是涉及一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测装置及方法。The invention relates to a road detection device and method, in particular to a novel portable diesel vehicle exhaust particle road detection device and method.
背景技术Background technique
柴油机相比汽油机，具有较低的燃油消耗率和较大的功率，因而以优良的动力性、经济性、耐久性在汽车中得到广泛应用，我国柴油车保有量在近几十年持续快速增加，但其颗粒物的排放是汽油机的30～50倍，使得仅占机动车总量3.66％的重型柴油车PM占总机动车排放量的90％，这些排放出来的微粒造成了当前中国严重的雾霾问题，同时也会使人引起慢性肺病，甚至尾气微粒表面90％以上的组分为致癌物质，因此，控制柴油机微粒排放十分重要。Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have lower fuel consumption and higher power, so they are widely used in automobiles due to their excellent power, economy, and durability. The number of diesel vehicles in my country has continued to increase rapidly in recent decades , but the emission of particulate matter is 30-50 times that of gasoline engines, making PM from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, which only accounts for 3.66% of the total number of motor vehicles, account for 90% of total motor vehicle emissions. These emitted particles have caused severe smog in China problem, it will also cause chronic lung disease in people, and even more than 90% of the components on the surface of the exhaust particles are carcinogens. Therefore, it is very important to control the emission of diesel particles.
当前主要通过一些后处理方法对颗粒物进行捕集再生，比如DPF微粒捕集器，可以捕集90％的尾气颗粒物，但存在着不装尾气处理装置DPF、尾气处理装置超过捕集颗粒物阈值后不更换以及柴油车年检时造假等问题，使得众多柴油车尾气颗粒物在没有经过处理的条件下就直接进行排放，严重阻碍了国家柴油车排放标准的推出与实行，并造成了严重的雾霾问题和环境污染，因此为了应对以上问题，交管部门对重型柴油车进行道路检测势在必行。年检中用到的不透光黑度检测仪由于结构复杂，精度低，检测环境要求较高，携带不便以及价格高昂等问题，不适用于交管部门对重型柴油车的道路检测。At present, some post-treatment methods are mainly used to capture and regenerate particulate matter, such as DPF particulate traps, which can capture 90% of exhaust particulate matter. Problems such as replacement and fraud during the annual inspection of diesel vehicles have caused many diesel vehicle exhaust particles to be directly discharged without treatment, which seriously hindered the introduction and implementation of national diesel vehicle emission standards, and caused serious smog problems and Environmental pollution, so in order to deal with the above problems, it is imperative for the traffic control department to conduct road inspections on heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The opaque blackness detector used in the annual inspection is not suitable for the road inspection of heavy-duty diesel vehicles by the traffic control department due to its complex structure, low precision, high requirements for the detection environment, inconvenient portability and high price.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供了一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测装置及方法。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a novel portable diesel vehicle exhaust particle road detection device and method.
一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测装置，所述装置包括柴油颗粒过滤器、射频发生器、射频接收器、综合控制系统装置和显示器，所述射频发生器、射频接收器设置在柴油颗粒过滤器内，所述柴油颗粒过滤器内设有过滤体，所述过滤体与柴油颗粒过滤器之间采用可拆卸连接；所述射频发生器、射频接收器分别与综合控制系统装置相连，所述综合控制系统装置与显示器相连。A new type of portable diesel vehicle exhaust particulate matter road detection device, the device includes a diesel particulate filter, a radio frequency generator, a radio frequency receiver, an integrated control system device and a display, and the radio frequency generator and radio frequency receiver are arranged in the diesel particulate filter In the device, the diesel particulate filter is provided with a filter body, and the filter body and the diesel particulate filter are detachably connected; the radio frequency generator and the radio frequency receiver are respectively connected with the integrated control system device, and the The integrated control system device is connected with the display.
所述的射频发生器用于发射射频信号，射频接收器用于获取射频信号，综合控制系统装置用于根据射频谐振频率的变化实时测量柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)中碳载量。具体为综合控制系统装置对射频接收器接收到的信号进行傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，对所述能量谱曲线进行一定的平滑处理，得到峰值所对应的频率，即为谐振频率，将所得到的谐振频率与预先标定的射频谐振频率和含碳量之间的函数关系进行查找，得到DPF中碳载量的值。The radio frequency generator is used to transmit radio frequency signals, the radio frequency receiver is used to obtain radio frequency signals, and the integrated control system device is used to measure the carbon load in the diesel particulate filter (DPF) in real time according to the change of the radio frequency resonance frequency. Specifically, the integrated control system device performs Fourier transform on the signal received by the radio frequency receiver, converts it into an energy spectrum, performs a certain smoothing process on the energy spectrum curve, and obtains the frequency corresponding to the peak value, which is the resonance frequency. The obtained resonance frequency is searched for the functional relationship between the pre-calibrated radio frequency resonance frequency and the carbon content to obtain the value of the carbon loading in the DPF.
作为优选，所述射频发生器设置在过滤体一侧，射频接收器设置在过滤体另一侧。Preferably, the radio frequency generator is arranged on one side of the filter body, and the radio frequency receiver is arranged on the other side of the filter body.
作为优选，所述过滤体设置在柴油颗粒过滤器的中心位置。Preferably, the filter body is arranged at the center of the diesel particulate filter.
作为优选，所述柴油颗粒过滤器通过联通管道与柴油车排气管相连通。Preferably, the diesel particulate filter communicates with the exhaust pipe of the diesel vehicle through a communication pipeline.
一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测方法，采用上述装置，包括下述步骤：A novel portable diesel vehicle exhaust particle road detection method, using the above-mentioned device, comprises the following steps:
(1)进行标定实验得到谐振频率-碳颗粒质量曲线；(1) Carry out the calibration experiment to obtain the resonance frequency-carbon particle mass curve;
(2)尾气从柴油车排气管中排出，经过联通管道进入柴油颗粒过滤器，并不断在过滤体上累积；(2) Exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe of the diesel vehicle, enters the diesel particulate filter through the connecting pipe, and continuously accumulates on the filter body;
(3)射频发生器发射出一定频率波段的等幅度射频波段进入柴油颗粒过滤器腔体，经过累积有碳颗粒的过滤体；(3) The radio frequency generator emits an equal amplitude radio frequency band of a certain frequency band into the cavity of the diesel particulate filter, and passes through the filter body with accumulated carbon particles;
(4)射频接收器将一定时间内采集到的改变后的射频信号传输到综合控制系统装置，并对采集到的信号进行处理，得到碳载量的值；(4) The radio frequency receiver transmits the changed radio frequency signal collected within a certain period of time to the integrated control system device, and processes the collected signal to obtain the value of the carbon load;
(5)当积累碳颗粒物的时间达到一定程度后，综合控制系统装置将测得的碳载量的值通过显示器显示出来，并且与标准值进行对比，判断道路检测的重型柴油车是否超过标准。(5) When the time of accumulating carbon particles reaches a certain level, the integrated control system device will display the measured carbon load value on the display, and compare it with the standard value to determine whether the heavy-duty diesel vehicle detected on the road exceeds the standard.
作为优选，步骤(1)的具体步骤为：As preferably, the specific steps of step (1) are:
(a)对过滤体的样件进行称重，获得未加载过滤体样件的质量；(a) weighing the sample of the filter body to obtain the mass of the unloaded filter body sample;
(b)过将柴油颗粒过滤器接到柴油车尾气排放口进行柴油颗粒过滤器中碳载量的加载；(b) Loading the carbon load in the diesel particulate filter by connecting the diesel particulate filter to the exhaust outlet of the diesel vehicle;
(c)通过对加载后过滤体进行质量称量，所得值与未加载质量进行比较后得到质量差，将质量差值记录下来；(c) By weighing the filter body after loading, the obtained value is compared with the unloaded mass to obtain a quality difference, and the quality difference is recorded;
(d)射频发生器分别发射各个频率波段的等幅度射频波段进入第一次加载碳颗粒的柴油颗粒过滤器腔体；(d) The radio frequency generator respectively transmits equal-amplitude radio frequency bands of each frequency band into the cavity of the diesel particulate filter loaded with carbon particles for the first time;
(e)通过腔体内的射频接收器将信号传输至综合控制系统装置，对射频信号进行处理，通过傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，对所述能量谱曲线进行一定的平滑处理，得到峰值所对应的频率，即为谐振频率，将该谐振频率记录下来，与上述质量差进行对应；(e) Transmit the signal to the integrated control system device through the radio frequency receiver in the cavity, process the radio frequency signal, convert it to the energy spectrum through Fourier transform, perform a certain smoothing process on the energy spectrum curve, and obtain the peak value The corresponding frequency is the resonant frequency, and the resonant frequency is recorded to correspond to the above-mentioned quality difference;
(f)再次将柴油颗粒过滤器接到柴油车尾气排放口进行柴油颗粒过滤器中碳颗粒浓度的第二次加载；(f) Connecting the diesel particulate filter to the exhaust outlet of the diesel vehicle for the second loading of the carbon particle concentration in the diesel particulate filter;
(g)重复上述d～e步骤获得谐振频率与碳颗粒质量的对应关系。(g) Repeating the steps d to e above to obtain the corresponding relationship between the resonance frequency and the mass of the carbon particles.
作为优选，步骤(3)中，所述等幅度射频波段范围为0.4～2.4GHz。As a preference, in step (3), the range of the equal-amplitude radio frequency band is 0.4-2.4 GHz.
作为优选，步骤(4)具体为：先将信号进行傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，并计算处理能量谱中能量衰减最小部分，即波峰处的频率，根据所得波峰的频率，对照事先进行标定实验得到的谐振频率-碳颗粒质量曲线，确定柴油颗粒过滤器中捕集到的碳载量的值。Preferably, step (4) is as follows: first perform Fourier transform on the signal, convert it to the energy spectrum, and calculate and process the minimum part of the energy attenuation in the energy spectrum, that is, the frequency at the peak, and compare it with the frequency of the peak obtained in advance. The resonance frequency-carbon particle mass curve obtained from the calibration experiment is used to determine the value of the carbon load captured in the diesel particulate filter.
作为优选，步骤(a)的具体操作为：使用正负误差为0.01g的电子天平对未加载的过滤体样件称重，称重前先对天平进行凋零、清理；然后将过滤体样件轻放在电子天平上，待示数稳定后记录数据，重复称量三次，将三次称量平均值作为过滤体样件质量。As preferably, the specific operation of step (a) is: use the electronic balance that positive and negative error is 0.01g to weigh the unloaded filter body sample, before weighing, the balance is withered and cleaned; then the filter body sample Gently place it on the electronic balance, record the data after the reading is stable, repeat the weighing three times, and use the average value of the three weighings as the mass of the filter body sample.
作为优选，步骤(d)中，频率波段为0.4～2.4GHz。Preferably, in step (d), the frequency band is 0.4-2.4 GHz.
本发明具有高精确性、易于携带、价格便宜、可以广泛使用等优点，适合交管部门的道路检测；本发明基于射频谐振频率和碳载量的对应关系实时进行DPF过滤体中碳载量的测量，可以准确测量柴油车尾气中碳烟颗粒的量，方便应用于交管部门在道路检测重型柴油车尾气中颗粒物含量是否超标，配合国标六的出台，进一步规范柴油车颗粒物排放标准。The present invention has the advantages of high accuracy, easy to carry, low price, and can be widely used, and is suitable for road detection by traffic control departments; the present invention measures the carbon load in the DPF filter body in real time based on the corresponding relationship between the radio frequency resonance frequency and the carbon load , can accurately measure the amount of soot particles in the exhaust of diesel vehicles, and is convenient for the traffic control department to detect whether the particulate matter content in the exhaust of heavy-duty diesel vehicles exceeds the standard.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明所要保护的范围并不限于此。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
参照图1，一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测装置，所述装置包括柴油颗粒过滤器1、射频发生器2、射频接收器3、综合控制系统装置4和显示器5，所述射频发生器2、射频接收器3设置在柴油颗粒过滤器1内，所述柴油颗粒过滤器1内设有过滤体6，所述过滤体6与柴油颗粒过滤器1之间采用可拆卸连接，便于过滤体6称量时的拆装；所述射频发生器2设置在过滤体6一侧，射频接收器3设置在过滤体6另一侧，所述过滤体6设置在柴油颗粒过滤器1的中心位置。所述射频发生器2、射频接收器3分别与综合控制系统装置4相连，所述综合控制系统装置4与显示器5相连；所述柴油颗粒过滤器通过联通管道7与柴油车排气管相连通。Referring to Fig. 1, a novel portable diesel vehicle exhaust particle road detection device, said device comprises a diesel particle filter 1, a radio frequency generator 2, a radio frequency receiver 3, an integrated control system device 4 and a display 5, said radio frequency generator 2. The radio frequency receiver 3 is set in the diesel particulate filter 1, and the diesel particulate filter 1 is provided with a filter body 6, and the filter body 6 and the diesel particulate filter 1 are detachably connected to facilitate the filtering of the filter body. 6 disassembly during weighing; the radio frequency generator 2 is arranged on one side of the filter body 6, the radio frequency receiver 3 is arranged on the other side of the filter body 6, and the filter body 6 is arranged at the center of the diesel particulate filter 1 . The radio frequency generator 2 and the radio frequency receiver 3 are connected to the integrated control system device 4 respectively, and the integrated control system device 4 is connected to the display 5; the diesel particulate filter is connected to the exhaust pipe of the diesel vehicle through the communication pipeline 7 .
所述的射频发生器2用于发射射频信号，射频接收器3用于获取射频信号，综合控制系统装置4用于根据射频谐振频率的变化实时测量柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)中碳载量。具体为：综合控制系统装置4对射频接收器3接收到的信号进行傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，对所述能量谱曲线进行一定的平滑处理，得到峰值所对应的频率，即为谐振频率，将所得到的谐振频率与预先标定的射频谐振频率和含碳量之间的函数关系进行查找，得到DPF中碳载量的值。综合控制系统装置4将测得的碳载量的值通过显示器5显示出来，并且与标准值进行对比，判断道路检测的重型柴油车是否超过标准。The radio frequency generator 2 is used to transmit radio frequency signals, the radio frequency receiver 3 is used to acquire radio frequency signals, and the integrated control system device 4 is used to measure the carbon load in the diesel particulate filter (DPF) in real time according to the change of the radio frequency resonance frequency. Specifically: the integrated control system device 4 performs Fourier transform on the signal received by the radio frequency receiver 3, converts it into an energy spectrum, performs a certain smoothing process on the energy spectrum curve, and obtains the frequency corresponding to the peak value, which is resonance Frequency, search for the functional relationship between the obtained resonance frequency and the pre-calibrated radio frequency resonance frequency and carbon content, and obtain the value of the carbon load in the DPF. The integrated control system device 4 displays the measured carbon load value through the display 5, and compares it with the standard value to judge whether the heavy-duty diesel vehicle detected on the road exceeds the standard.
本发明基于DPF谐振腔中过滤体碳载量不同时，在腔体中产生谐振的射频信号(射频：Radio Frequency)的频率也会有相应的偏移，通过验证实验发现，本发明谐振频率的偏移与碳载量之间存在着良好的线性关系。因此可以通过测量谐振频率的偏移量来对DPF碳载量进行实时检测，反映柴油车尾气颗粒物是否达到国家标准的要求。The present invention is based on the fact that when the carbon load of the filter body in the DPF resonant cavity is different, the frequency of the radio frequency signal (radio frequency: Radio Frequency) that generates resonance in the cavity will also have a corresponding shift. It is found through verification experiments that the resonant frequency of the present invention There is a good linear relationship between offset and carbon loading. Therefore, real-time detection of the DPF carbon load can be carried out by measuring the offset of the resonance frequency, reflecting whether the diesel vehicle exhaust particulate matter meets the requirements of the national standard.
实施例2Example 2
一种新型便携式柴油车尾气颗粒物道路检测方法，采用实施例1所述装置，包括下述步骤：A novel portable diesel vehicle exhaust particle road detection method, using the device described in embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
(1)进行标定实验得到谐振频率-碳颗粒质量曲线；(1) Carry out the calibration experiment to obtain the resonance frequency-carbon particle mass curve;
具体步骤为：The specific steps are:
(a)对过滤体6的样件进行称重，获得未加载过滤体样件的质量；(a) weigh the sample of the filter body 6 to obtain the quality of the unloaded filter body sample;
具体操作为：使用正负误差为0.01g的电子天平对未加载的过滤体样件称重，称重前先对天平进行凋零、清理；然后将过滤体样件轻放在电子天平上，待示数稳定后记录数据，重复称量三次，将三次称量平均值作为过滤体样件质量；The specific operation is: use an electronic balance with a plus or minus error of 0.01g to weigh the unloaded filter body sample, wither and clean the balance before weighing; then put the filter body sample lightly on the electronic balance, wait until After the reading is stable, record the data, repeat the weighing three times, and take the average value of the three weighings as the quality of the filter body sample;
(b)过将柴油颗粒过滤器1接到柴油车尾气排放口进行柴油颗粒过滤器中碳载量的加载；(b) Loading the carbon load in the diesel particulate filter by connecting the diesel particulate filter 1 to the exhaust outlet of the diesel vehicle;
(c)通过对加载后过滤体6进行质量称量，所得值与未加载质量进行比较后得到质量差，将质量差值记录下来；(c) By weighing the loaded filter body 6, the obtained value is compared with the unloaded mass to obtain a quality difference, and the quality difference is recorded;
(d)射频发生器2分别发射范围在0.4～2.4GHz各个频率波段的等幅度射频波段进入第一次加载碳颗粒的柴油颗粒过滤器腔体；(d) The radio frequency generator 2 respectively transmits equal amplitude radio frequency bands in the range of 0.4 to 2.4 GHz and enters the cavity of the diesel particulate filter loaded with carbon particles for the first time;
(e)通过腔体内的射频接收器3将信号传输至综合控制系统装置4，对射频信号进行处理，通过傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，对所述能量谱曲线进行一定的平滑处理，得到峰值所对应的频率，即为谐振频率，将该谐振频率记录下来，与上述质量差进行对应；(e) transmit the signal to the integrated control system device 4 through the radio frequency receiver 3 in the cavity, process the radio frequency signal, convert it to the energy spectrum through Fourier transform, and perform a certain smoothing process on the energy spectrum curve, Obtain the frequency corresponding to the peak value, which is the resonant frequency, record the resonant frequency, and correspond to the above-mentioned quality difference;
(f)再次将柴油颗粒过滤器1接到柴油车尾气排放口进行柴油颗粒过滤器中碳颗粒浓度的第二次加载；(f) connecting the diesel particulate filter 1 to the exhaust outlet of the diesel vehicle for the second loading of the carbon particle concentration in the diesel particulate filter;
(g)重复上述d～e步骤获得谐振频率与碳颗粒质量的对应关系；(g) repeating the steps d to e above to obtain the corresponding relationship between the resonant frequency and the mass of the carbon particles;
(2)尾气从柴油车排气管中排出，经过联通管道7进入柴油颗粒过滤器1，并不断在过滤体6上累积；(2) Exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe of the diesel vehicle, enters the diesel particulate filter 1 through the communication pipe 7, and continuously accumulates on the filter body 6;
(3)射频发生器2分别发射出范围为0.4～2.4GHz各个频率波段的等幅度射频波段进入柴油颗粒过滤器1腔体，经过累积有碳颗粒的过滤体6；(3) The radio frequency generator 2 respectively emits equal amplitude radio frequency bands ranging from 0.4 to 2.4 GHz into the cavity of the diesel particulate filter 1, and passes through the filter body 6 accumulated with carbon particles;
(4)射频接收器3将一定时间内采集到的改变后的射频信号传输到综合控制系统装置4，并对采集到的信号进行处理，得到碳载量的值；(4) The radio frequency receiver 3 transmits the changed radio frequency signal collected within a certain period of time to the integrated control system device 4, and processes the collected signal to obtain the value of the carbon load;
具体为：先将信号进行傅里叶变换，转换到能量谱，并计算处理能量谱中能量衰减最小部分，即波峰处的频率，根据所得波峰的频率，对照事先进行标定实验得到的谐振频率-碳颗粒质量曲线，确定柴油颗粒过滤器中捕集到的碳载量的值；The specific steps are as follows: First, perform Fourier transform on the signal, convert it to the energy spectrum, and calculate and process the smallest part of the energy attenuation in the energy spectrum, that is, the frequency at the peak. Carbon Particulate Mass Curve, to determine the value of the carbon load trapped in the Diesel Particulate Filter;
(5)当积累碳颗粒物的时间达到5分钟后，综合控制系统装置4将测得的碳载量的值通过显示器5显示出来，并且与标准值进行对比，判断道路检测的重型柴油车是否超过标准。(5) When the time of accumulating carbon particles reaches 5 minutes, the comprehensive control system device 4 displays the value of the measured carbon load through the display 5, and compares it with the standard value to judge whether the heavy-duty diesel vehicle detected on the road exceeds standard.
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