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CN107106228A - 用于减少rf发生器中的泄漏电流的功率监测电路与方法 - Google Patents

用于减少rf发生器中的泄漏电流的功率监测电路与方法 Download PDF

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CN107106228A
CN107106228A CN201580059205.XA CN201580059205A CN107106228A CN 107106228 A CN107106228 A CN 107106228A CN 201580059205 A CN201580059205 A CN 201580059205A CN 107106228 A CN107106228 A CN 107106228A
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CN107106228B (zh
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J·A·史密斯
D·休伯尔班克
J·S·瑞奥美
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Medtronic Advanced Energy LLC
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Salient Surgical Technologies Inc
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Abstract

一种电外科单元，该电外科单元具有用于减少电外科单元中的泄漏电流的功率监测电路。电外科单元包括被配置成产生直流电流的电源、被配置成将直流电流转换成RF信号的RF波形发生器、被配置成测量到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压的电压传感器、被配置成测量输出电流反馈的电流传感器，以及处理器。处理器被配置成至少基于所测量的DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈来估算输出电压反馈，并输出控制信号以控制到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压，该控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及输出电流反馈。

Description

用于减少RF发生器中的泄漏电流的功率监测电路与方法
技术领域
本公开涉及具有射频发生器的电外科单元，且更具体地，涉及用于管理功率输出并减少来自电外科单元的泄漏电流的方法与系统。
背景技术
在射频(“RF”)治疗系统中，由RF发生器产生的所有单极治疗能量理论上应该经由患者返回电极返回到发生器。治疗路径通常从RF发生器流动到有源附件、到目标(即，患者)、到返回电极并返回到RF发生器。然而，由于用于隔离RF发生器与递送设备之间的RF能量的供应的隔离屏障中的变压器的电容，有时以RF能量形式的杂散(stray)泄漏从RF发生器流动到地面而不是返回到RF发生器作为治疗路径的一部分。因为可进入患者、与患者接触的外科医生或其他医疗个人的危险数量的电流，RF泄漏对于使用者来说是担心的原因。
RF发生器设计者面临确保在正常系统操作与在故障条件两种情况下患者与RF治疗系统中的设备之间的连接最小化泄漏电流的挑战。设计者进一步面临满足标准IEC60601的隔离与泄漏电流要求的挑战，该标准IEC60601限定了医疗系统的安全性与电磁依从性(“EMC”)。
RF发生器设计者所面临的另一挑战是设计符合标准IEC60601的发生器，尤其是符合要求系统在任何单个故障条件期间维持安全操作并且不超过由IEC60601标准阐述的功率输出限值的标准。虽然存在基于反馈控制输出功率的软件，但是需要其他有效的非软件实现，因为单独的软件故障不能允许存在危险状况。
典型的RF发生器具有与地面隔离的输出以便防止RF泄漏。然而，隔离的输出电路通过它们自己不足以完全消除RF泄漏。一些RF发生器已经被设计有检测开路并能够相应地降低它们的峰值输出电压的能力。这导致若干性能问题。降低峰值输出电压以便最小化泄漏电流可劣化RF发生器的性能，因为峰值输出电压发起适当的凝结效果所需要的引发(sparking)。进一步地，由发生器感测开路条件所需的时间的量可导致瞬间的电压尖峰，这可导致发生RF泄漏。
其他类型的断言(predicate)发生器当检测到不可接受的泄漏水平时引入节流(throttling)方案。已经证明这些节流方案是不适当的，因为它们给控制系统增加了不期望的复杂性。
图1示出了用于RF治疗系统中的典型的反馈估算系统的电路图。电路10包括生成DC电压的直流(“DC”)电源11，该DC电压通过晶体管12的PWM控制被传递到降压(voltagebuck)调节器内。来自晶体管12的PWM输出波形通过滤波器14进行滤波以产生降低的DC电压，该降低的DC电压通过H桥RF波发生器16以被转换成被施加到用于治疗目标患者18的电外科仪器(未示出)的以RF波形形式的RF能量。
继续图1中所示的现有技术电路，RF输出电路可包括跨隔离屏障17(其用于隔离来自电外科仪器的RF能量的供应)的高匝数(high-turns)变压器22。电压传感器28(其包括分压器20以及具有耦合(coupling)24的高匝数变压器)在电路10中的位置(1)处测量RMS输出电压反馈。电流传感器30也包括具有耦合26的变压器并被配置成在电路10中的位置(2)处测量RMS输出电流反馈。因此，电路10包括跨隔离屏障17的三个电感耦合22，24以及26。基于AC RMS输出电压反馈以及RMS输出电流反馈，微处理器32计算估算的输出电压以及功率并在位置(4)处调节控制输出脉宽调制(“PWM”)信号输出以控制输入到H桥RF波发生器16的电压并将其输出维持在期望的水平。然而，隔离屏障17中的大量电感耦合导致过量电容并最终导致过度高水平的泄漏电流。因此，期望不同的RF反馈估算电路。
发明内容
本公开有利地提供了具有用于减少泄漏电流的电路的电外科单元。在一个实施例中，该电外科单元包括：被配置成产生直流电流的电源、被配置成将直流电流转换成RF信号的RF波形发生器、被配置成测量到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压的电压传感器以及被配置成测量输出电流反馈的电流传感器。该电外科单元还包括处理器，该处理器被配置成至少基于所测量的DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈来估算输出电压反馈，并输出控制信号以控制到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压，该控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及输出电流反馈。
在另一实施例中，提供了用于控制RF系统的功率的方法。该方法包括：测量到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压、测量输出电流反馈、至少基于所测量的DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈来估算输出电压反馈，并输出控制信号以控制到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压，该控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及输出电流反馈。
在另一实施例中，电外科单元包括：被配置成供应DC供应电流以及DC电压的DC电源、被配置成接收功率限值设置并输出PWM信号的可编程逻辑器件(该PWM信号对应于功率限值设置)、被配置成将PWM信号转换成阈值电压的缓冲器、以及比较器。比较器被设置成将直流供应电流与DC电压之积与阈值电压进行比较，并向可编辑逻辑器件输出启用(enable)信号，该启用信号启用可编程逻辑器件输出PWM信号以允许电外科单元将RF能量的输出控制在功率限值设置之下。
附图简述
在结合附图考虑时，通过参考以下详细描述，将更容易地了解本公开的更完整的理解以及其所附的优点和特征，其中：
图1示出了现有技术的反馈估算电路；
图2是根据本公开的原理进行构造的电外科手持件与电外科单元的前视立体图；
图3示出了根据本公开的实施例的用于减少泄漏电流的反馈估算电路；
图4示出了图3中所描绘的实施例的过程流程；
图5示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的功率输出限制电路；以及
图6示出了图5中所描绘的实施例的过程流程。
详细描述
本文所描述的实施例涉及可在电外科单元中采用的电路，从而使得由RF发生器产生的RF能量可被控制以便不超过由安全标准所禁止的过量功率水平。进一步地，本文所描述的示例性电路针对过高功率和/或电流状况间接地监测RF波形发生器的输出电压以及输出电流，因此实现了如由诸如标准IE60601-2-2之类的标准所规定的过功率(over-power)状况的二次、冗余减缓。
现在参见各附图，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，在图2中示出的是根据本申请的原理进行构造并一般地指定成“34”的示例性电外科单元(“ESU)。”ESU 34可包括被配置成容纳ESU 34的部件的RF发生器36并可进一步包括触摸致动显示器38，该触摸致动显示器38用于：配置用于物理耦合到RF发生器36(同时维持RF与外壳之间的电隔离)的一个或多个电外科手持件的能量输出、显示治疗进展以及测量(例如，阻抗)、并发起和/或终止电耦合到ESU 34的一个或多个电外科手持件的射频能量的供应以及流体速率。在示例性配置中，ESU 34包括第一插座40，该第一插座40可以是被配置成接收第一电外科手持件42并与第一电外科手持件42电耦合的3引脚连接器，该第一电外科手持件42被配置成将双极射频能量递送给组织。ESU 34可进一步包括第二插座44(例如，7引脚插座)，该第二插座44被配置成接收第二电外科手持件46并与第二电外科手持件46电耦合，该第二电外科手持件被配置成递送单极射频能量或双极射频能量与单极射频能量的组合中的至少一者。
图3示出了ESU 34内的电路46，该电路46用于提供间接反馈估算并用于通过以下来限制ESU 34中的泄漏电流：通过减少电路部件的数量、减少昂贵的RMS转换器与变压器的使用以及减少跨隔离屏障48的电感耦合的数量(这减少了电容以及泄漏电流)。隔离屏障48包括一个或多个变压器，该变压器被配置成隔离RF发生器36与一个或多个电外科递送设备(未示出)之间的RF能量的供应。电路46的设计导致跨隔离屏障48的减少的电容并因此导致减少的患者泄漏电流。电路46是间接反馈估算电路，其使用由电压传感器56所测量的DC电压输入而非跨输出所感测的RMS反馈电压来控制RF发生器36的功率输出。电路46包括被配置成产生DC电流的DC电源50，该DC电流通过晶体管52的PWM控制被传递到降压调节器内。电路46包括滤波器54(其将PWM波形滤波成减少的DC电压)以及位于电路46中的位置(1)处的电压传感器56。电压传感器56测量到RF波形发生器60的信号的DC输入电压。RF波形发生器60可包括桥电路(bridge circuitry)，该桥电路被配置成从由微处理器62调节的DC输入电压生成RF信号。
DC输入电压反馈是可用于估算因变量RMS输出电压的两个独立解释变量(explanatory variable)中的一个。所使用的另一个独立解释变量是由电路46中的位置(2)处的电流传感器58所测量的AC RMS输出电流。有利地，电路46不要求在图1的现有技术电路中所示的对输出电压反馈的测量。因此，不需要测量输出电压反馈所需要的部件(即，跨隔离屏障48的变压器)。跨隔离屏障48的电感耦合的减少(在此情况下，从如图1中所示的三个耦合减少到图3中所示的两个)减少了隔离屏障48处的总体电容，因此减少了ESU 34中的总体泄漏电流。进一步地，电流反馈用于补偿来自DC电压输入反馈的AC RF电压输出估算中的非线性。类似地，DC电压输入反馈用于提高AC电流反馈估算。DC电压反馈值被乘以常数、对每个RF模式进行计算、并被加至AC电流反馈估算。
当将图3的电路46与图1的现有技术电路10进行比较时，显然，电路46中的部件的数量已被减少。电路46具有更少数量的部件、不需要昂贵的RMS转换器与变压器，且其设计导致跨隔离屏障48的降低的总体电容。结果是具有减少的泄漏电流的更成本有效的反馈估算电路。图3中示出的电路46包括微处理器62。微处理器62可以是可编程的以执行存储在存储器中的算法，其中，算法估算RMS输出电压并在位置(4)处提供控制RF发生器的功率输出的控制PWM信号64。微处理器62接收两个输入信号：表示由电压传感器56在位置(1)处所测量的DC输入电压反馈的信号66、以及表示由电流传感器58在位置(2)处所测量的输出电流的信号68。微处理器62可使用校准技术来使用输入信号66与68校准RMS输出电压。在一个实施例中，使用该DC输入电压以及该输出电流作为独立解释变量，多元线性回归分析可用于估算因变量RMS输出电压。使用合适的控制范围以及校准点，可获得RMS输出电压的准确估算。如以上讨论的，因为不是测量而是估算实际输出电压反馈，因此电路46不需要如现有技术电路所需要的附加的变压器以及RMS转换器。一旦已经获得RMS输出电压的估算，微处理器62可使用所估算的RMS输出电压以及所测量的输出电流来输出PWM控制信号64以便将到RF波形发生器60的DC输入电压以及由ESU 34递送到患者的功率控制到期望的水平。
本公开有利地提供了具有RF发生器电路46的ESU 34，该RF发生器电路46消除了测量电压输出反馈以便控制RF发生器36的功率输出的需要，因此减少了测量输出电压反馈所需的昂贵的RMS转换器以及变压器的数量。相反，电路46将表示输入电压以及所测量的AC电流反馈的输入信号提供给微处理器62，该微处理器62执行诸如回归分析之类的校准技术来估算输出电压反馈。基于所估算的输出电压反馈以及所测量的电流反馈，微处理器62可估算功率并相应地调节PWM信号64，以便控制到RF波形发生器60中的DC电压输入并控制由ESU34递送的总体功率。结果是具有用于调节RF能量控制的改进的且准确的反馈估算系统以便避免将过量RF能量递送到患者，同时包括减少数量的转换器以及内部电感耦合因此最小化泄漏电流的可能性的ESU34。
图4示出了本公开的实施例的过程流程。在步骤70处，由电压传感器56测量RF信号的DC输入电压成分。在步骤72处，由电流传感器58测量输出电流反馈。在步骤74处，估算而非测量输出电压反馈，其中，所估算的输出电压至少基于DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈。在步骤76处，微处理器62输出控制PWM信号64，其中，该控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈。
图5示出本公开的另一实施例。在图5中，示出ESU 34包括基于硬件的功率输出电路78。电路78限制被递送至患者的RF能量，以便符合标准(诸如IEC 60601，其要求治疗能量递送系统在正常条件和故障条件期间维持安全操作)。
电路78包括可编程逻辑器件80，诸如，专用集成电路(“ASIC”)、现场可编程门阵列(“FPGA”)或复杂可编程逻辑器件(“CPLD”)。将在本公开通篇中使用术语CPLD，但是本公开并不限于特定种类的可编程逻辑器件。使用阈值逻辑82，CPLD 80接收输出波形以及所要求的功率设置84，其中功率设置是基于特定功率限值。输入至CPLD 80的功率限值可基于ESU34必须不超过的特定功率阈值，以便维持安全操作，诸如，例如IEC 60601中标识的功率阈值。使用功率设置，CPLD 80输出PWM信号86，该PWM信号86与其对应的特定功率限值成比例。PWM信号86表示功率限制阈值。由缓冲器与低通滤波器88或其他类似的滤波电路来对PWM信号86进行滤波，以便将PWM信号86转换成对应的DC参考电压。
电路78还包括模拟乘法器90。模拟乘法器90接收被输入到RF发生器电路(图6中未示出)中的经滤波的DC供应电压92以及DC供应电流94。模拟乘法器90以功率信号的形式输出DC供应电压与DC供应电流之积。模拟比较器96将来自模拟乘法器90的功率信号输出与通过缓冲器与低通滤波器88的电压阈值输出(其表示功率限值)进行比较。如果功率信号的DC电压成分小于电压阈值，则启用信号98被输入到CPLD 80。逻辑连接电路100将启用信号98与从微处理器(未示出)接收到的RF启用信号102耦合，以启用PWM发生器104输出波形以及PWM信号，其中PWM信号用于在RF生成阶段(stage)106处产生RF能量输出。因此，以此方式，递送到患者的RF能量将不会超过指定限值，并且可按照安全标准(例如，用于单故障条件的IEC60601-2-2减缓)发生安全操作。
如果模拟比较器96将来自模拟乘法器90的功率信号输出与通过缓冲器以及低通滤波器88的电压阈值输出进行比较并确定功率信号的DC电压成分超过电压阈值，则启用信号98可被延迟，以便对RF信号生成的破坏(disruption)的起始与移除进行滤波。互锁延迟逻辑108延迟启用信号的移除达一预定时间量，因此延迟了到RF生成阶段106的PWM控制信号的生成的中断。一旦由信号98表示的过功率条件超过了起始延迟，则到逻辑连接电路100中的启用被破坏达由延迟逻辑108控制的一最小延迟周期，从而阻止RF信号生成。因此，延迟逻辑108可被配置成延迟来自CPLD 80的PWM控制信号的输出达等于故障持续时间的一段时间。
针对图6中的互锁延迟逻辑108示出的持续时间仅为示例性的，并且本文所描述的延迟逻辑可被调整成使用任何持续时间参数。在由互锁延迟逻辑108执行的一系列示例性步骤中，首先在步骤110处确定是否存在故障条件，并且如果存在，则使故障发生在预定时间量内。例如，如果确定故障在最后320毫秒中已经发生，则在步骤112处延迟禁用输出，直到故障已经发生达一预定时间量(即，20毫秒)。如果在过去的320毫秒内尚未发生故障，则在步骤114处延迟禁用输出直到故障已经发生达320毫秒。随后在步骤116处保持禁用输出信号达一持续时间(即，90毫秒)。因此，互锁延迟逻辑108可允许或抑制来自比较器96的启用信号98，这取决于故障条件的持续时间。通过延迟或抑制启用信号98，逻辑连接电路100的结果为“0”，因此延迟了故障条件期间到RF生成阶段106的PWM控制信号的生成。
图6示出根据本公开的实施例的电路78的处理流程。在步骤118处，接收DC供应电压以及DC供应电流，并在步骤120处将DC供应电压与DC供应电流相乘以形成乘法器输出。在步骤122处，将乘法器输出的DC电压成分与电压阈值进行比较。如上所述，电压阈值是基于通过CPLD 80的PWM输出(其基于所要求的功率设置84)。如果乘法器输出的DC成分不大于阈值电压，则在步骤124处，向CPLD 80发送启用信号以启用CPLD 80将RF能量的输出控制在功率限值设置之下以被用于RF生成阶段106处。如果乘法器输出的DC电压成分大于电压阈值，则在步骤126处，延迟逻辑108延迟对CPLD 80的禁用和重新启用，因此防止例如在故障条件期间的波形输出。在步骤128处，一旦确定了故障不再发生，则CPLD 80可如上所述被启用。
本领域技术人员应当理解，本公开不限于在上文中已具体示出并描述的内容。另外，除非作出相反提及，应该注意所有附图都不是按比例的。在不背离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，根据以上示教可能有各种修改和变型，本发明只受所附权利要求书限制。

Claims (21)

1.一种电外科单元，包括：
电源，所述电源被配置成产生直流电流；
射频(RF)波形发生器，所述射频(RF)波形发生器被配置成将所述直流电流转换成RF信号；
电压传感器，所述电压传感器被配置成测量到所述RF波形发生器的DC输入电压；
电流传感器，所述电流传感器被配置成测量输出电流反馈；以及
处理器，所述处理器配置成：
至少基于所测量的DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈来估算输出电压反馈；以及
输出控制信号以控制到所述RF波形发生器的所述DC输入电压，所述控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及所述输出电流反馈。
2.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述RF波形发生器包括桥电路，所述桥电路被配置成从由所述处理器调节的所述DC输入电压生成所述RF信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电压传感器测量到所述桥电路的所述DC输入电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，进一步包括与所述RF波形发生器电通信的隔离屏障。
5.如权利要求4所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，估算所述输出电压反馈而不是测量所述输出电压反馈导致跨所述隔离屏障的减少的电容。
6.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述处理器使用统计分析机制来估算所述输出电压。
7.如权利要求6所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述统计分析机制是多元线性回归分析，其中，所测量的DC输入电压的ADC读数以及所测量的输出电流反馈的AC RMS读数被用作独立变量。
8.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，用于控制到所述RF波形发生器的所述DC输入电压的所述控制信号不是基于测量的输出电压反馈。
9.一种用于控制RF系统的功率的方法，所述方法包括：
测量到RF波形发生器的DC输入电压；
测量输出电流反馈；
至少基于所测量的DC输入电压以及所测量的输出电流反馈来估算输出电压反馈；以及
输出控制信号以控制到所述RF波形发生器的所述DC输入电压，所述控制信号至少基于所估算的输出电压以及所述输出电流反馈。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，估算所述输出电压反馈包括使用统计分析机制。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述统计分析机制是多元线性回归分析，其中，所测量的DC输入电压的ADC读数以及所测量的ACRMS输出电流反馈被用作独立变量。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括使用所测量的输出电流反馈来补偿所估算的输出电压反馈中的非线性行为。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，用于控制到所述RF波形发生器的所述DC输入电压的所述控制信号不是基于测量的输出电压反馈。
14.一种电外科单元，包括：
DC电源，所述DC电源被配置成供应DC供应电流以及DC电压；
可编程逻辑器件，所述可编程逻辑器件被配置成接收功率限值设置并输出脉宽调制(PWM)信号，所述PWM信号对应于所述功率限值设置；
缓冲器，所述缓冲器被配置成将所述PWM信号转换成阈值电压；以及
比较器，所述比较器被配置成：
将所述DC供应电流与所述DC电压之积与所述阈值电压进行比较；并
向所述可编程逻辑器件输出启用信号，所述启用信号启用所述可编程逻辑器件输出PWM信号以允许所述电外科单元将RF能量的输出控制在所述功率限值设置之下。
15.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，进一步包括用于使所述DC供应电流与所述DC电压相乘的模拟乘法器。
16.如权利要求14所述的电外科电路，其特征在于，所述可编程逻辑器件进一步包括延迟逻辑，所述延迟逻辑被配置成延迟来自所述可编程逻辑器件的所述PWM信号的输出达等于故障持续时间的一段时间。
17.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述可编程逻辑器件进一步被配置成接收RF启用信号，其中，所述RF启用信号以及来自所述比较器的所述启用信号允许所述可编程逻辑器件输出所述PWM信号以将所述RF能量的输出控制在所述功率限值设置之下。
18.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述可编程逻辑器件是现场可编程门阵列。
19.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述可编程逻辑器件是复杂可编程逻辑器件。
20.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述功率限值设置符合标准IEC60601。
21.如权利要求14所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述可编程逻辑器件输出所述PWM信号以允许所述电外科单元将通过RF发生器的RF能量的输出控制在所述功率限值设置之下。
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