CN107083025B - 一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其解决了现有树脂体系固化时间长、成型效率低及注射温度下的凝胶时间短、粘度增长过快、对纤维预成型体的浸润性较差的技术问题,其包括如下步骤:将高活性多元胺与低活性芳香胺搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分A,将阴离子引发剂与低分子环氧化合物加热,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,与链转移剂搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分B,将不同环氧值的环氧树脂搅拌均匀得到树脂组分E,与固化剂组分A、催化剂组分B在下混合均匀,制备快速成型耐高温环氧树脂体系。本发明可用于碳纤维汽车件的制备领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,具体地说涉及一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维复合材料要真正应用于新能源汽车、电子电器等领域,必须适应高产量自动化生产的成本和生产速度,这对复合材料的规模化、自动化、快速成型技术提出了更高的要求。RTM(Resin Transfer Molding,树脂传递模塑成型)工艺可实现半自动化或自动化生产,凭借其生产周期短的优势成为未来车用CFRP成型工艺的发展方向,而实现RTM高效成型的关键是开发快速固化树脂体系及其匹配的固化工艺。
目前快速固化环氧树脂体系多采用高活性多元胺为固化剂,但缺点是树脂体系的低粘度平台时间较短,纤维浸润不够充分。
公开号为WO/2008/153542 的国际专利申请公开了一种树脂体系,其采用高活性脂环胺作固化剂,制备了RTM成型环氧树脂体系,较长的适用期满足大型复合材料结构件的工艺要求,但是固化时间长,成型效率低。
公开号为WO/2015/014277的国际专利申请公开了一种树脂体系,其采用高活性脂肪胺与曼尼希改性固化剂,制备了快速固化的RTM成型环氧树脂体系,高固化速率减少了复合材料成型时间,但该树脂体系在注射温度下的凝胶时间短,粘度增长过快,对纤维预成型体的浸润性较差。
发明内容
本发明就是为了解决现有树脂体系固化时间长、成型效率低及注射温度下的凝胶时间短、粘度增长过快、对纤维预成型体的浸润性较差的技术问题,提供一种同时满足快速固化和RTM成型工艺要求的耐高温RTM环氧树脂体系的制备方法。
为此,本发明提供一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:(1)将高活性多元胺与低活性芳香胺在60~90℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分A,其中高活性多元胺与低活性芳香胺的摩尔比为15:(1~5);(2)将阴离子引发剂与低分子环氧化合物加热至70~100℃反应3~6h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.3);然后与链转移剂搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分B,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与链转移剂的摩尔比为1:(1~5);(3)将不同环氧值的环氧树脂在40~70℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分E,与固化剂组分A、催化剂组分B混合均匀,制备快速成型耐高温环氧树脂体系,其中组分E、组分A与组分B的质量比为100:(16~24):(3~6);高活性多元胺固化剂为孟烷二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-双氨甲基环己烷、N-氨乙基哌嗪、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环已基)甲烷、脂肪胺类固化剂中的一种或几种的组合;低活性多元胺固化剂为二氨基二苯砜、间苯二胺、间苯二甲胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷的一种或几种的组合;叔胺阴离子引发剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶、咪唑类固化剂及其衍生物、N,N '-二甲基哌嗪、三乙胺、三丙胺、2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚、三乙烯二胺的一种或几种的组合。
优选的,低分子环氧化合物为正丁基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、对异丁基缩水甘油醚、二缩水甘油醚的一种或几种。
优选的,链转移剂为丙三醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、丁二醇、苯甲醇、二甘醇、苯酚、乙基苯酚、乙硫醇、小分子羧酸类化合物的一种或几种。
优选的,环氧树脂基体为双酚A环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、氢化双酚A环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂的一种或几种的组合。
本发明效果在于,该方法制备的树脂体系具有较长的适用期,在固化温度下有较高的反应活性,可实现在5min内快速固化,显著缩短了成型周期,能够满足汽车领域快速制造技术对生产效率的要求,具体表现为:
(1)以混合环氧树脂调控树脂基体的环氧值,使树脂体系具有良好的反应活性,同时又满足RTM工艺对低粘度的要求,保证了纤维预成型良好的浸润性,有利于实现RTM快速注射。
(2)以不同活性多元胺固化剂引发树脂的梯度固化,利用高活性多元胺固化放热引发低活性芳香胺的固化反应,提高了固化效率,将固化时长控制在5min以内,同时芳香胺的引入提高了树脂的耐热性。
(3)以低分子环氧化合物对阴离子引发剂进行改性,降低了伯胺或仲胺基团低温下反应活性,提高了低温下的潜伏稳定性,引入链转移剂对引发链进行链转移,实现两者协同催化,抑制前期聚合反应,加速后期固化。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明做更详细的说明:在各实施例中,树脂体系固化度通过示差扫描量热(DSC)测试得到;树脂体系力学性能通过美国Instron公司的万能材料试验机测试得到;树脂拉伸性能和弯曲性能测试标准依据GB/T 2567-2008;玻璃化转变温度通过动态热机械分析(DMA)测试得到。
实施例1
(1)将异佛尔酮二胺与二乙基甲苯二胺在60℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分,其中异佛尔酮二胺与二乙基甲苯二胺的摩尔比为15:1。
(2)将2-甲基咪唑与正丁基缩水甘油醚加热至70℃反应6h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:0.8;将该改性阴离子型催化剂与丙三醇搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与链转移剂的摩尔比为1:1。
(3)将双酚A型环氧树脂与酚醛环氧树脂按质量比为6:4的比例在40℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分,将树脂组分、固化剂组分、催化剂组分混合均匀,制备快速固化的RTM树脂体系,其中树脂组分、固化剂组分与催化剂组分的质量比为100:16:6,将制备好的树脂体系在120℃真空烘相中恒温5min,冷却,得到树脂浇注体。
树脂体系的固化度为95%,80℃凝胶时间为11.5min,树脂浇注体的玻璃化转变温度为148℃,拉伸强度为78MPa,拉伸模量为2800MPa,断裂伸长率为5.5%,弯曲强度为120MPa,弯曲模量为2900MPa。
实施例2
(1)将异佛尔酮二胺与3,3-二氨基二苯砜在90℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分,其中异佛尔酮二胺与3,3-二氨基二苯砜的摩尔比为15:5。
(2)将2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑与苯基缩水甘油醚加热至100℃反应4h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:1.3。将该改性阴离子型催化剂与1,4-丁二醇搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与1,4-丁二醇的摩尔比为1:5。
(3)将双酚A型环氧树脂与双酚F型环氧树脂按质量比为7:3的比例在70℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分,将树脂组分、固化剂组分、催化剂组分混合均匀,制备快速固化的RTM树脂体系,其中树脂组分、固化剂组分和催化剂组分的质量比为100:24:3,将制备好的树脂体系在120℃真空烘箱中恒温5min,冷却,得到树脂浇注体。
树脂体系的固化度为96%,80℃凝胶时间为12min,树脂浇注体的玻璃化转变温度为150℃,拉伸强度为80MPa,拉伸模量为2850MPa,断裂伸长率为5.0%,弯曲强度为115MPa,弯曲模量为2950MPa。
实施例3
(1)将孟烷二胺与间苯二胺在70℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分,其中孟烷二胺与间苯二胺的摩尔比为15:3。
(2)将2-甲基咪唑与烯丙基缩水甘油醚加热至80℃反应5h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:1。将该改性阴离子型催化剂与丁二醇搅拌均匀得到的催化剂组分,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与丁二醇的摩尔比为1:3。
(3)将双酚A型环氧树脂与三官能度缩水甘油酯环氧树脂按质量比为7:3的比例在60℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分,将树脂组分、固化剂组分、催化剂组分混合均匀,制备快速固化的RTM树脂体系,其中树脂组分、固化剂组分与催化剂组分的质量比为100:20:4,将制备好的树脂体系在120℃真空烘相中恒温5min,冷却,得到树脂浇注体。
树脂体系的固化度为95%,80℃凝胶时间为12min,树脂的玻璃化转变温度为142℃,拉伸强度为80MPa,拉伸模量为2800MPa,断裂伸长率为5.2%,弯曲强度为112MPa,弯曲模量为2900MPa。
比较例1
该树脂体系除了没有添加链转移剂组分外,其它树脂组分与实施例1完全相同。
(1)将异佛尔酮二胺与二乙基甲苯二胺在60℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分,其中异佛尔酮二胺与二乙基甲苯二胺的摩尔比为15:1。
(2)将2-甲基咪唑与正丁基缩水甘油醚加热至70℃反应6h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:0.8。
(3)将双酚A型环氧树脂与酚醛环氧树脂按质量比为6:4的比例在40℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分,将树脂组分、固化剂组分、催化剂组分混合均匀,制备快速固化的RTM树脂体系,其中树脂组分、固化剂组分、催化剂组分的质量比为100:16:3,将制备好的树脂体系在120℃真空烘相中恒温5min,冷却,得到树脂浇注体。
树脂体系的固化度为85%,80℃凝胶时间为11min,树脂浇注体的玻璃化转变温度为135℃,拉伸强度为70MPa,拉伸模量为2700MPa,断裂伸长率为4.8%,弯曲强度为108MPa,弯曲模量为2800MPa。
比较例2
该树脂体系除了没有添加芳香胺组分外,其它树脂组分与实施例2完全相同。
(1)将2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑与苯基缩水甘油醚加热至100℃反应4h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:1.3。将该潜伏性阴离子催化剂与1,4-丁二醇搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与1,4-丁二醇的摩尔比为1:5。
(2)将双酚A型环氧树脂与双酚F型环氧树脂按质量比为7:3的比例在50℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分,将树脂组分、异佛尔酮二胺、催化剂组分混合均匀,制备快速固化的RTM树脂体系,其中树脂组分、异佛尔酮二胺、催化剂组分的质量比为100:21:3,将制备好的树脂体系在120℃真空烘箱中恒温5min,冷却,得到树脂浇注体。
树脂体系的固化度为90%,80℃凝胶时间为11.5min,树脂浇注体的玻璃化转变温度为140℃,拉伸强度为70MPa,拉伸模量为2750MPa,断裂伸长率为4.5%,弯曲强度为105MPa,弯曲模量为2800MPa。
从以上实施例和对比例可以看出,本发明的效果在于缩短了树脂的固化时间,提高了成型效率,并且延长了树脂在注射温度下的适用期,有利于对纤维预成型体的浸润。
Claims (4)
1.一种碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:(1)将高活性多元胺与低活性芳香胺在60~90℃下搅拌混合形成均一稳定的固化剂组分A,其中高活性多元胺与低活性芳香胺的摩尔比为15:(1~5);(2)将阴离子引发剂与低分子环氧化合物加热至70~100℃反应3~6h,制备改性阴离子型催化剂,其中活泼氢与环氧基团的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.3);然后与链转移剂搅拌均匀得到催化剂组分B,其中改性阴离子型催化剂与链转移剂的摩尔比为1:(1~5);(3)将不同环氧值的环氧树脂在40~70℃的反应釜中搅拌均匀得到树脂组分E,与固化剂组分A、催化剂组分B混合均匀,制备快速成型耐高温环氧树脂体系,其中组分E、组分A与组分B的质量比为100:(16~24):(3~6);所述高活性多元胺为孟烷二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-双氨甲基环己烷、N-氨乙基哌嗪、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环已基)甲烷、脂肪胺类固化剂中的一种或几种的组合;所述低活性芳香胺为二氨基二苯砜、间苯二胺、间苯二甲胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷的一种或几种的组合;所述阴离子引发剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶、咪唑类固化剂及其衍生物、N,N '-二甲基哌嗪、三乙胺、三丙胺、2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚、三乙烯二胺的一种或几种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的低分子环氧化合物为正丁基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、对异丁基缩水甘油醚、二缩水甘油醚的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的链转移剂为丙三醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、丁二醇、苯甲醇、二甘醇、苯酚、乙基苯酚、乙硫醇、小分子羧酸类化合物的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纤维汽车件用快速成型耐高温树脂体系的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的环氧树脂基体为双酚A环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、氢化双酚A环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂的一种或几种的组合。
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