CN107073136A - 吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓及其抗体二硫化物偶联物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种式(I)的化合物,其中Y选自单键和式(A1)或(A2)的基团,其中N示出了所述基团与PBD部分的N10结合的位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(PBD),尤其是具有不稳定的N10保护基团,适于形成连接细胞结合剂的接头的吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓。本发明还涉及由这些PBD制成的某些偶联物。
发明背景
吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓
一些吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(PBD)具有识别并键合至DNA特定序列的能力;优选序列为PuGPu。第一种PBD抗肿瘤抗生素,氨茴霉素(anthramycin),发现于1965年(Leimgruber等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,87,5793-5795(1965);Leimgruber等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,87,5791-5793(1965))。从那时起,已经报道了许多天然存在的PBD,而对各种类似物已经开发出10余种合成途径(Thurston等,Chem.Rev.1994,433-465(1994);Antonow,D.和Thurston,D.E.,Chem.Rev.2011 111(4),2815-2864)。家族成员包括赤霉素(abbeymycin)(Hochlowski等,J.Antibiotics,40,145-148(1987))、奇卡霉素(chicamycin)(Konishi等,J.Antibiotics,37,200-206(1984))、DC-81(日本专利58-180 487;Thurston等,Chem.Brit.,26,767-772(1990);Bose等,Tetrahedron,48,751-758(1992))、甲基氨茴霉素(mazethramycin)(Kuminoto等,J.Antibiotics,33,665-667(1980))、新茴霉素(neothramycins)A和B(Takeuchi等,J.Antibiotics,29,93-96(1976))、泊罗霉素(porothramycin)(Tsunakawa等,J.Antibiotics,41,1366-1373(1988))、普拉卡素(prothracarcin)(Shimizu等,J.Antibiotics,29,2492-2503(1982);Langley和Thurston,J.Org.Chem.,52,91-97(1987))、西班米星(sibanomicin)(DC-102)(Hara等,J.Antibiotics,41,702-704(1988);Itoh等,J.Antibiotics,41,1281-1284(1988))、西伯利亚霉素(sibiromycin)(Leber等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,110,2992-2993(1988))和托马霉素(tomamycin)(Arima等,J.Antibiotics,25,437-444(1972))。PBD具有以下通用结构:
它们的区别在于其芳族A环和吡咯C环二者中取代基的数量、类型和位置,以及C环的饱和度。在B环中负责烷基化DNA的亲电中心的N10-C11位置存在亚胺(N=C)、甲醇胺(NH-CH(OH))或甲醇胺甲基醚(NH-CH(OMe))。所有已知的天然产物在手性C11a位置具有(S)-构型,这在从C环向A环观察时为其提供右手扭转。这为其对于具有B型DNA小沟的等螺旋性提供了适当的三维形状,导致在结合位点适贴配合(Kohn,In Antibiotics III.Springer-Verlag,New York,pp.3-11(1975);Hurley和Needham-VanDevanter,Acc.Chem.Res.,19,230-237(1986))。它们在小沟中形成加合物的能力,使其能够干扰DNA加工,因此使之能够用作抗肿瘤剂。
在WO 2005/085251中公开了带有C2芳基取代基的二聚体PBD化合物,如:
已经证明这些化合物是高度有用的细胞毒性试剂。
特别有利的吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓化合物由Gregson等(Chem.Commun.1999,797-798)描述为化合物1,并且由Gregson等(J.Med.Chem.2001,44,1161-1174)描述为化合物4a。下面示出了这种化合物,也称为SJG-136:
抗体-药物偶联物
抗体疗法已经确定用于患有癌症、免疫和血管生成障碍的患者的靶向治疗(Carter,P.(2006)Nature Reviews Immunology 6:343-357)。在癌症的治疗中使用抗体-药物偶联物(ADC),即免疫偶联物,用于局部递送细胞毒性剂或细胞抑制剂,即用于杀伤或抑制肿瘤细胞的药物,使药物部分的递送靶向肿瘤并且在其中进行细胞内积聚,而全身性施用这些未偶联的药剂可对正常细胞以及设法要消除的肿瘤细胞产生不可接受的毒性水平(Xie等(2006)Expert.Opin.Biol.Ther.6(3):281-291;Kovtun等(2006)Cancer Res.66(6):3214-3121;Law等(2006)Cancer Res.66(4):2328-2337;Wu等(2005)NatureBiotech.23(9):1137-1145;Lambert J.(2005)Current Opin.in Pharmacol.5:543-549;Hamann P.(2005)Expert Opin.Ther.Patents15(9):1087-1103;Payne,G.(2003)CancerCell 3:207-212;Trail等(2003)Cancer Immunol.Immunother.52:328-337;Syrigos和Epenetos(1999)Anticancer Research 19:605-614)。
由此寻求具有最小毒性的最大功效。设计和精制ADC的努力已集中于单克隆抗体(mAb)的选择性以及药物作用机制、药物连接、药物/抗体比率(载量)和药物释放特性(Junutula等,2008b Nature Biotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornan等(2009)Blood 114(13):2721-2729;US7521541;US 7723485;WO2009/052249;McDonagh(2006)ProteinEng.Design&Sel.19(7):299-307;Doronina等(2006)Bioconj.Chem.17:114-124;Erickson等(2006)Cancer Res.66(8):1-8;Sanderson等(2005)Clin.Cancer Res.11:843-852;Jeffrey等(2005)J.Med.Chem.48:1344-1358;Hamblett等(2004)Clin.Cancer Res.10:7063-7070)。药物部分可通过包括微管蛋白结合、DNA结合或拓扑异构酶抑制在内的机制而赋予其细胞毒性和细胞抑制作用。一些细胞毒性药物与较大抗体或蛋白质受体配体偶联时往往无活性或活性较低。
WO 2013/055987公开了包含通过N10位置经由特异性硫接头连接到细胞结合剂的PBD二聚体化合物的偶联物,其具有通式A:
这些偶联物以A118C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)为例。
将式D的药物接头公开为用于制备此类偶联物:
本发明人已经开发了其它药物接头,其用于WO 2013/055987公开的偶联化合物的合成。
发明内容
在总体方面,本发明提供了用于制备偶联物的药物接头化合物,该药物接头包含通过N10位置经由特异性硫接头连接到硝基-吡啶基的PBD二聚体化合物,并且提供了使用该药物接头化合物制备偶联物的方法。
第一方面,本发明提供了式I的化合物:
及其盐和溶剂化物,其中
虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
R2独立地选自H、OH、=O、=CH2、CN、R、OR、=CH-RD、=C(RD)2、O-SO2-R、CO2R和COR,并且还任选地选自卤代或二卤代;
其中RD独立地选自R、CO2R、COR、CHO、CO2H和卤代;
R6和R9独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代;
R7独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代;
Y选自单键和式A1或A2的基团:
其中N示出了所述基团与PBD部分的N10结合的位置;
RL1和RL2独立地选自H和甲基,或连同与之结合的碳原子一起形成环丙烯基团;
Q独立地选自O、S和NH;
R11为H或R或,其中Q为O、SO3M,其中M为金属阳离子;
R和R’独立地选自经任选取代的C1-12烷基、C3-20杂环基和C5-20芳基,并且任选地涉及所述基团NRR’,R和R’连同与之连接的氮原子一起形成经任选取代的4-、5-、6-或7-元杂环;
其中R12、R16、R19和R17分别如同对于R2、R6、R9和R7所定义的;
其中R”为C3-12亚烷基,其链可被一个或多个杂原子,例如O、S、N(H)、NMe和/或芳环,例如苯或吡啶间断,所述环经任选取代;并且
X和X’独立地选自O、S和N(H)。
因此式I根据Y选自下式Ia、Ib和Ic:
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式II的化合物:
及其盐和溶剂化物,其中虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
并且所有取代基如以上所定义。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式III的新型化合物:
及其盐和溶剂化物,其中虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
并且所有取代基如以上所定义。
这些药物接头可显示出各种优于WO 2013/055987中公开的那些的优点,如更易与细胞结合剂偶联。这样易于偶联可以与更快且更高的产量有关。不限于特定机制或作用,式I化合物的吡啶环上的硝基提供吸电子效应,该效应加速与半胱氨酸工程化抗体的半胱氨酸巯基的反应。已经在抗体上的受阻或低反应性位点引入半胱氨酸巯基时,式I的化合物提供相对于式I化合物的相应未取代的吡啶基类似物更有效的偶联。
第二方面,本发明提供了通过使本发明第一方面的化合物与细胞结合剂反应,由本发明第一方面的药物接头制备式A的偶联化合物的方法,其中式A为:
虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
CBA表示细胞结合剂;
并且其余基团如本发明第一方面中所定义。
在式A的化合物中:
为硫连接基团。
在以上化合物中,表示的5-元环可经选自以下的环置换:
(a)其中R2与R1或R3中的任一个,连同与之连接的C环碳原子一起,形成经任选取代的苯环;
V和W各自选自(CH2)n、O、S、NR、CHR和CRR’,其中n为1、2或3,除了当R1和R2,连同与之连接的C环碳原子一起,形成经任选取代的苯环时V为C,并且当R3和R2,连同与之连接的C环碳原子一起,形成经任选取代的苯环时W为C以外;及
(b)其中T选自CH2、NR、CO、BH、SO和SO2;
U选自CH2、NR、O和S;
Y为(CH2)n,其中n为1、2、3或4;
除T、U和Y不全为CH2外。
本发明的第三方面提供了式A1的偶联物:
虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
Ab表示选自由以下组成的组的半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM):
(a)LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
(b)HC A140C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
(c)LC V205C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);和
(d)HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
并且其余基团如本发明第一方面中所定义。
本发明的第四方面提供了本发明第一方面的偶联物在医学治疗方法中的用途。第四方面还提供了包含第一方面的偶联物和药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
本发明的第五方面提供了用于增殖疾病治疗方法中的本发明第一方面的偶联物或本发明第四方面的药物组合物。第五方面还提供了第一方面的偶联物在生产用于治疗增殖疾病的药剂的方法中的用途,及治疗患有增殖疾病的哺乳动物的方法,该方法包括施用有效量的第一方面的偶联物或第四方面的药物组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了包含通过一个PBD部分上的N10位置经由指定接头连接到离去基团的PBD二聚体的化合物(药物-接头),其中吡啶环经硝基取代。
本发明还提供了由药物-接头化合物制备偶联物的方法,该方法包括使细胞结合剂与药物-接头化合物反应的步骤。在一些实施方案中,细胞结合剂为抗体。
这样形成的偶联物可以将PBD化合物递送到受试者的优选部位。该偶联物允许释放不保留接头的任何部分的活性PBD化合物。不存在可以影响PBD化合物反应性的残余部分(stub)。
优选
以下优选可适用于如上所述的本发明的所有方面,或者可涉及单个方面。所述优选可呈任何组合结合在一起。
优选药物接头
第一方面,本发明提供了用于制备本文描述的偶联化合物的药物接头。
下面描述了优选中间体,并且与本文描述的优选偶联物密切对应。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为二聚体,其中每个PBD部分具有C2亚甲基,即每个R2=CH2。
在另一个实施方案中,所述化合物为二聚体,其中每个单体具有C2芳基,即每个R2为经任选取代的C5-20芳基,并且在每个PBD部分中的C2和C3之间存在双键。
C2亚烷基
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为:
更优选地:
其中n为0或1;并且
Y、RL1和RL2如先前所定义,并且RE和RE”各自独立地选自H或RD。
对于以上每种化合物而言,在适当情况下,以下优选可适用:
n为0;
n为1;
RE为H;
RE为RD,其中RD为经任选取代的烷基;
RE为RD,其中RD为甲基;
RL1和RL2为H;
RL1和RL2为Me。
C2芳基
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为:
更优选地:
其中Y、RL1和RL2如先前所定义;
Ar1和Ar2各自独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基,并且
n为0或1。Ar1和Ar2可相同或不同。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自经任选取代的苯基、呋喃基、苯硫基和吡啶基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的苯基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的噻吩-2-基或噻吩-3-基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的喹啉基或异喹啉基。
喹啉基或异喹啉基可通过任何可用环位置与PBD核结合。例如,喹啉基可为喹啉-2-基、喹啉-3-基、喹啉-4-基、喹啉-5-基、喹啉-6-基、喹啉-7-基和喹啉-8-基。这些中可优选喹啉-3-基和喹啉-6-基。异喹啉基可为异喹啉-1-基、异喹啉-3-基、异喹啉-4-基、异喹啉-5-基、异喹啉-6-基、异喹啉-7-基和异喹啉-8-基。这些中可优选异喹啉-3-基和异喹啉-6-基。
C2乙烯基
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为:
更优选地:
其中Y、RL1和RL2如先前所定义,RV1和RV2独立地选自H、甲基、乙基和苯基(该苯基特别是在4位可经氟任选取代)和C5-6杂环基,并且n为0或1。RV1和RV2可相同或不同。
在以上一些实施方案中,RV1和RV2独立地选自H、苯基和4-氟苯基。
在以上一些实施方案中,吡啶环在3-位经-NO2(相对于二硫化物为间位)单取代。
在以上一些实施方案中,吡啶环在5-位经-NO2(相对于二硫化物为对位)单取代。
本发明的第一方面提供了式(D)的化合物,其包含2-巯基吡啶离去基团。离去基团的吡啶环在一个或多个位置经硝基取代。相比于相应未取代的中间体,由具有经硝基取代的吡啶基的中间体更有效地生成偶联物。
已经观察到硝基取代基特别有效地提供更有效地制备抗体-药物偶联物所需的中间体增强的反应性。
在一个实施方案中,所述环在5-位经-NO2(相对于二硫化物为对位)单取代,例如在以下化合物中:
在另一个实施方案中,所述环在3-位经-NO2(相对于二硫化物为间位)单取代,例如在以下化合物中:
在其它实施方案中,所述环经硝基多取代。例如,在3-和5-位两处均可存在-NO2取代基(即相对于二硫化物间位和对位取代)。
双键
在一个实施方案中,在C1和C2之间及C2和C3之间不存在双键。
在一个实施方案中,虚线指示在C2和C3之间任选存在双键,如下所示:
在一个实施方案中,当R2为C5-20芳基或C1-12烷基时,在C2和C3之间存在双键。
在一个实施方案中,虚线指示在C1和C2之间任选存在双键,如下所示:
在一个实施方案中,当R2为C5-20芳基或C1-12烷基时,在C1和C2之间存在双键。
R2
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地选自H、OH、=O、=CH2、CN、R、OR、=CH-RD、=C(RD)2、O-SO2-R、CO2R和COR,并且还任选地选自卤代或二卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地选自H、OH、=O、=CH2、CN、R、OR、=CH-RD、=C(RD)2、O-SO2-R、CO2R和COR。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地选自H、=O、=CH2、R、=CH-RD和=C(RD)2。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为H。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为=O。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为=CH2。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为=CH-RD。在PBD化合物中,基团=CH-RD可具有以下所示任一构型:
在一个实施方案中,所述构型为构型(I)。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为=C(RD)2。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为=CF2。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为R。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的C1-12烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的C5-7芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的C8-10芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的苯基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的噻吩基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的萘基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的吡啶基。
在一个实施方案中,R2独立地为经任选取代的喹啉基或异喹啉基。
在一个实施方案中,R2带有1至3个取代基,更优选1个和2个,并且最优选单取代基团。取代基可为任何位置。
R2为C5-7芳基时,优选单个取代基在不邻近与化合物其余部分的键的环原子上,即优选为对于与化合物其余部分的键的β或γ位。因此,C5-7芳基为苯基时,取代基优选在间位或对位,并且更优选在对位。
在一个实施方案中,R2选自:
其中星号指示连接点。
R2为C8-10芳基,例如喹啉基或异喹啉基时,其可在喹啉或异喹啉环的任何位置带有任意数量的取代基。在一些实施方案中,其带有一个、两个或三个取代基,并且这些取代基可在近侧或远侧环或两个环上(如果有一个以上的取代基)。
在一个实施方案中,R2经任选取代时,取代基选自下面取代基部分给出的那些取代基。
R经任选取代时,取代基优选选自:
卤代、羟基、醚、甲酰基、酰基、羧基、酯、酰氧基、氨基、胺基、酰胺基、氨基羰氧基、脲基、硝基、氰基和硫醚。
在一个实施方案中,R或R2经任选取代时,取代基选自由以下组成的组:R、OR、SR、NRR’、NO2、卤代、CO2R、COR、CONH2、CONHR和CONRR’。
R2为C1-12烷基时,任选取代基可另外包括C3-20杂环基和C5-20芳基。
R2为C3-20杂环基时,任选取代基可另外包括C1-12烷基和C5-20芳基。
R2为C5-20芳基时,任选取代基可另外包括C3-20杂环基和C1-12烷基。
应理解术语“芳基”涵盖亚类烯基和炔基以及环烷基。因此,R2为经任选取代的C1-12烷基时,应理解烷基任选地含有一个或多个碳-碳双键或三键,其可形成共轭体系的一部分。在一个实施方案中,经任选取代的C1-12烷基含有至少一个碳-碳双键或三键,并且这个键与C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间存在的双键共轭。在一个实施方案中,C1-12烷基是选自饱和C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、C2-12炔基和C3-12环烷基的基团。
如果R2上的取代基为卤代,则优选为F或Cl,更优选为F。
如果R2上的取代基为醚,则在一些实施方案中可为烷氧基,例如C1-7烷氧基(例如甲氧基、乙氧基)或者在一些实施方案中可为C5-7芳氧基(例如苯氧基、吡啶氧基、呋喃氧基)。
如果R2上的取代基为C1-7烷基,则可优选为C1-4烷基(例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基)。
如果R2上的取代基为C3-7杂环基,则在一些实施方案中可为C6含氮杂环基,例如吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、哌啶基、哌嗪基。这些基团可经由氮原子与PBD部分的其余部分结合。这些基团可经进一步取代,例如经C1-4烷基取代。
如果R2上的取代基为双-氧-C1-3亚烷基,则该取代基优选为双-氧-亚甲基或双-氧-亚乙基。
对于R2特别优选的取代基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、氟、氯、氰基、双-氧-亚甲基、甲基-哌嗪基、吗啉基和甲基-噻吩基。
特别优选的经取代的R2基团包括但不限于4-甲氧基-苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、4-乙氧基-苯基、3-乙氧基-苯基、4-甲基-苯基、4-氟-苯基、4-氯-苯基、3,4-双氧亚甲基-苯基、4-甲基噻吩基、4-氰基苯基、4-苯氧基苯基、喹啉-3-基和喹啉-6-基、异喹啉-3-基和异喹啉-6-基、2-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、甲氧基萘基和萘基。
在一个实施方案中,R2为卤代或二卤代。在一个实施方案中,R2为-F或-F2,该取代基在下面分别图示为(III)和(IV):
在一些实施方案中,优选在C2和C3之间存在双键或C2取代基通过双键与PBD环结合(即C2处的C原子为sp2中心)
RD
在一个实施方案中,RD独立地选自R、CO2R、COR、CHO、CO2H和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,RD独立地为R。
在一个实施方案中,RD独立地为卤代。
R6
在一个实施方案中,R6独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn-和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R6独立地选自H、OH、OR、SH、NH2、NO2和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R6独立地选自H和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R6独立地为H。
在一个实施方案中,R6和R7一起形成基团-O-(CH2)p-O-,其中p为1或2。
R7
R7独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R7独立地为OR。
在一个实施方案中,R7独立地为OR7A,其中R7A独立地为经任选取代的C1-6烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R7A独立地为经任选取代的饱和C1-6烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R7A独立地为经任选取代的C2-4烯基。
在一个实施方案中,R7A独立地为Me。
在一个实施方案中,R7A独立地为CH2Ph。
在一个实施方案中,R7A独立地为烯丙基。
R9
在一个实施方案中,R9独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn-和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,R9独立地为H。
在一个实施方案中,R9独立地为R或OR。
连接基团
连接基团可从式A的偶联物中的PBD部分的N10位置去除以留下N10-C11亚胺键、甲醇胺、经取代的甲醇胺(其中QR11为OSO3M)、亚硫酸氢盐加合物、硫代甲醇胺、经取代的硫代甲醇胺、经取代的胺基甲胺(carbinalamine),如下所示:
其中R和Μ如对本发明的偶联物所定义的。
在一个实施方式中,连接基团可从PBD部分的Ν10位置去除,以留下N10-C11亚胺键。
在本发明中PBD二聚体和细胞结合剂(例如抗体)之间的指定连接优选在细胞外是稳定的。在转运或递送进入细胞之前,抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)优选是稳定的并且保持完整,即抗体保持与药物部分连接。接头在靶细胞外是稳定的并且可在细胞内以某一有效速率裂解。有效的接头将:(i)维持抗体的特异性结合性质;(ii)允许偶联物或药物部分的细胞内递送;(iii)保持稳定和完整,即不被裂解,直到偶联物递送或转运至其靶位点;并且(iv)保持PBD药物部分的细胞毒性、细胞杀伤作用或细胞抑制作用。可通过标准分析技术,如质谱法、HPLC和分离/分析技术LC/MS来测定ADC的稳定性。
PBD化合物的递送是通过酶对连接基团的作用在式A偶联物的期望活化位点实现的。式A偶联物的S通过二硫键连接至细胞结合剂上的游离S(活性巯基)。
所述连接基团可通过酶的作用而裂解。在一个实施方案中,酶为巯基还原酶(thioreductase)。
某些抗体具有可还原的链间二硫化物,即半胱氨酸桥。将抗体用还原剂如DTT(二硫苏糖醇)处理可使其对于与接头试剂的偶联有反应性。理论上,每个半胱氨酸桥将因此形成两个反应性巯基亲核体。另外的亲核基团可以通过赖氨酸与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烧(Traut试剂)反应(导致胺转化为巯基)而引入抗体中。可通过引入一个、二个、三个、四个或更多个半胱氨酸残基(例如制备包含一个或多个非天然半胱氨酸氨基酸残基的突变抗体)而将反应性巯基引入抗体(或其片段)。US 7521541教导了通过引入反应性半胱氨酸氨基酸而工程化抗体。
RL1和RL2选自H和甲基,或连同与之结合的碳原子一起形成环丙烯基团。在一些实施方案中,两者均为H。在其它实施方案中,两者均为甲基。在另外的实施方案中,一个为H而另一个为甲基;在这些实施方案中,与之结合的碳原子为手性中心。
在一些实施方案中,Y为单键。
在其它实施方案中,Y为
在另外的实施方案中,Y为
Q
在一个实施方案中,Q选自O、S或N(H)。
优选地,Q为O。
R11
在一个实施方案中,R11为H或R或,其中Q为O、SO3M,其中M为金属阳离子。
在一个实施方案中,R11为H。
在一个实施方案中,R11为R。
在一个实施方案中,Q为O时,R11为SO3M,其中M为金属阳离子。该阳离子为Na+。
细胞结合剂
本发明第一方面的化合物用于与细胞结合剂反应以生成偶联化合物。本发明第二方面的方法涉及细胞结合剂与第一方面的化合物的反应。
细胞结合剂可以是任何种类,并包括肽类和非肽类。这些可以包括抗体或含有至少一个结合位点的抗体片段、淋巴因子、激素、生长因子、营养素转运分子或任何其它细胞结合分子或物质。
本文中术语“抗体”在最广义上使用并且具体地包括单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、二聚体、多聚体、多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体)及抗体片段,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性(Miller等(2003)Jour.of Immunology 170:4854-4861)。抗体可为鼠、人、人源化、嵌合的,或源自其它物种。抗体是由免疫系统产生的蛋白质,其能够识别并结合特异性抗原(Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik(2001)Immuno Biology,第5版,GarlandPublishing,New York)。靶抗原通常具有众多结合位点,也称为表位,由多种抗体上的CDR识别。与不同表位特异性结合的每种抗体具有不同的结构。因此,一种抗原可能有一种以上相应的抗体。抗体包括全长免疫球蛋白分子或全长免疫球蛋白分子的免疫活性部分,即含有免疫特异性结合目标靶抗原或其部分的抗原结合位点的分子,此类靶标包括但不限于产生与自身免疫性疾病相关的自身免疫抗体的一种或多种癌细胞。免疫球蛋白可以是任何类型(例如IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD和IgA)、类别(例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1和IgA2)或亚类的免疫球蛋白分子。免疫球蛋白可以源自任何物种,包括人、鼠或兔来源。
“抗体片段”包含全长抗体的一部分,通常为其抗原结合区或可变区。抗体片段的实例包括Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2和Fv片段;双链抗体(diabodies);线性抗体;由Fab表达文库产生的片段,抗独特型(抗-Id)抗体,CDR(互补决定区)以及免疫特异性结合癌细胞抗原、病毒抗原或微生物抗原的以上任何一种的表位结合片段,单链抗体分子;和由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
如本文中所用的术语“单克隆抗体”是指从一群基本上同源的抗体获得的抗体,即除了可能小量存在的可能的天然存在的突变之外,构成群体的各个抗体是相同的。单克隆抗体是高度特异性的,其针对单个抗原位点。此外,与包括针对不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体的多克隆抗体制剂相反,每种单克隆抗体针对抗原上的单个决定簇。除它们的特异性之外,单克隆抗体的有利之处在于它们可合成,不受其它抗体污染。修饰语“单克隆”表明抗体的特性是由基本同源的抗体群体获得,并且不应理解为需要通过任何特定方法生产抗体。例如,根据本发明有待使用的单克隆抗体可通过由Kohler等(1975)Nature256:495首次描述的杂交瘤法来制备,或者可通过重组DNA方法制备(参见,US 4816567)。所述单克隆抗体也可使用Clackson等(1991)Nature,352:624-628;Marks等(1991)J.Mol.Biol.,222:581-597中描述的技术从噬菌体抗体文库中分离。
本文中的单克隆抗体具体地包括“嵌合”抗体以及此类抗体的片段,其中重链和/或轻链的一部分与源自特定物种或属于特定抗体类别或亚类的抗体中的相应序列相同或同源,而该链的剩余部分与源自其它物种或属于其它抗体类别或亚类的抗体中的相应序列相同或同源,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性(US 4816567;和Morrison等(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855)。嵌合抗体包括包含源自非人灵长类(例如旧大陆猴(Old World Monkey)或猿(Ape))的可变结构域抗原结合序列和人恒定区序列的“灵长类化(primatized)”抗体。
本文中的“完整抗体”是包含VL和VH结构域,以及轻链恒定结构域(CL)和重链恒定结构域,即CH1、CH2和CH3的抗体。恒定结构域可为天然序列恒定结构域(例如人天然序列恒定结构域)或其氨基酸序列变体。完整抗体可具有一种或多种“效应子功能”,其是指可归因于抗体的Fc区(天然序列Fc区或氨基酸序列变体Fc区)的那些生物活性。抗体效应子功能的实例包括C1q结合;补体依赖性细胞毒性;Fc受体结合;抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC);吞噬作用;及细胞表面受体(如B细胞受体和BCR)的下调。
取决于它们重链恒定结构域的氨基酸序列,完整抗体可以分配为不同的“类别”。有五大类别的完整抗体:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,并且这些中的几种可进一步地分成“亚类”(同种型),例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA和IgA2。与不同类别的抗体相对应的重链恒定结构域分别称为α、δ、ε、γ和μ。不同类别的免疫球蛋白的亚基结构和三维构型是众所周知的。
细胞结合剂的实例包括用于并入本文的WO 2007/085930中所描述的那些。
细胞结合剂可为或包含多肽。多肽可为环状多肽。细胞结合剂可为抗体。因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法提供了抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)。
载药量
载药量是每个抗体的PBD药物平均数。载药量的范围可为每个抗体(Ab)1至8个药物(D),即其中1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8个药物部分共价地连接至抗体。ADC组合物包括与范围为1至8个的药物偶联的抗体集合。在由偶联反应制备ADC中每个抗体的药物平均数可通过常规方法如质谱法、ELISA测定、电泳和HPLC来表征。也可测定p表示的ADC的数量分布。通过化ELISA,可测定在ADC特定制备中p的平均值(Hamblett等(2004)Clin.Cancer Res.10:7063-7070;Sanderson等(2005)Clin.Cancer Res.11:843-852)。然而,通过抗体-抗原结合和ELISA的检测限制,不能辨别p(药物)值的分布。同样,用于检测抗体-药物偶联物的ELISA测定不能确定药物部分与抗体连接的部位,如重链或轻链片段,或特定的氨基酸残基。在一些情况下,在p是来自具有其它载药量的ADC的某一值时,同源ADC的分离、纯化和表征可通过诸如反相HPLC或电泳等方式来实现。
对于一些抗体-药物偶联物,p可受到抗体上连接位点的数量限制。例如,一个抗体可仅有一个或几个半胱氨酸巯基,或可仅有一个或几个有足够反应性的巯基(通过其与接头连接)。更高的载药量,例如p>5,可引起某些抗体-药物偶联物的聚集、不溶、毒性或丧失细胞渗透性。
通常,在偶联反应期间少于理论最大值的药物部分与抗体偶联。抗体可含有例如,不与药物-接头中间体(D-L)或接头试剂反应的多个赖氨酸残基。只有最具反应性的赖氨酸基团可与胺-反应性接头试剂反应。同样,只有最具反应性的半胱氨酸巯基可与巯基-反应性接头试剂反应。通常,抗体不含许多(如果有)可与药物部分连接的游离且有反应性的半胱氨酸巯基。化合物的抗体中的大多数半胱氨酸巯基残基呈二硫桥存在,并且在部分或完全还原条件下必须用还原剂如二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或TCEP还原。ADC的载量(药物/抗体比率)能够以几种不同的方式来控制,包括:(i)相对于抗体限制药物-接头中间体(D-L)或接头试剂的摩尔过量,(ii)限制偶联反应时间或温度,及(iii)部分或限制用于半胱氨酸巯基改性的还原条件。
可在抗体中的反应位点工程化半胱氨酸氨基酸,且其不形成链内或分子间的二硫键(Junutula等,2008b Nature Biotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornan等(2009)Blood 114(13):2721-2729;US 7521541;US 7723485;WO2009/052249,Shen等(2012)NatureBiotech.,30(2):184-191;Junutula等(2008)Jour of Immun.Methods 332:41-52)。工程化的半胱氨酸巯基可与本发明的具有巯基反应性亲电子基团(如马来酰亚胺或α-卤代酰胺)的接头试剂或药物-接头试剂反应,从而形成具有半胱氨酸工程化抗体(THIOMABTM)和PBD药物部分的ADC。因而可以设计、控制并知道药物部分的位置。可以控制载药量,因为工程化半胱氨酸巯基通常以高产量与巯基反应性接头试剂或药物-接头试剂反应。工程化IgG抗体以通过在重链或轻链上的单个位点的取代来引入半胱氨酸氨基酸,在对称抗体上给出两个新的半胱氨酸。可以实现接近2的载药量,并接近偶联产物ADC的均一性。
抗体的一个以上的亲核或亲电子基团与药物-接头中间体或接头试剂反应,随后再与药物部分试剂反应时,然后所得产物是具有一定分布的连接至抗体的药物部分(例如1、2、3个等)的ADC化合物的混合物。液相色谱法(如聚合物反相(PLRP)和疏水性相互作用(HIC))可通过载药量值分离混合物中的化合物。可分离具有单一载药量值(p)的ADC制剂,然而,这些单载量值ADC可能仍然是非均一混合物,因为药物部分可经由接头连接至抗体的不同位点。
因此,本文描述的抗体-药物偶联组合物包括抗体-药物偶联化合物的混合物,其中抗体具有一个或多个PBD药物部分并且其中药物部分可连接至抗体的各个氨基酸残基。
在一个实施方案中,每个细胞结合剂的二聚体吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓基团的平均数范围为1至20。在一些实施方案中,该范围选自1至8、2至8、2至6、2至4及4至8。
在一些实施方案中,每个细胞结合剂有一个二聚体吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓基团。
半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)在WO 2006/034488和WO 2011/156328中有描述,其通过引用并入本文。
LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)
LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体在WO 2006/034488中有一般性描述,并且在WO 2011/156328的第57页在SEQ ID NO.:133中有具体描述。WO 2013/093809和US 2013/0066054中也描述了K149C突变体。
一方面,LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体包含Cλ多肽或其部分,其包含根据Kabat编号的氨基酸取代K149C。
图1a示出了示例序列,其中示出了在前后有五个氨基酸的情况下的突变残基(黑体且加下划线)。
LC V205C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)
LC V205C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体在WO 2006/034488中有一般性描述,并且在WO 2011/156328的第57页在SEQ ID NO.:145中有具体描述。WO 2013/093809和US 2013/0066054中也描述了V205C突变体。
一方面,LC V205C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体包含Cλ多肽或其部分,其包含根据Kabat编号的氨基酸取代V205C。
图1b示出了示例序列,其中示出了在前后有五个氨基酸的情况下的突变残基(黑体且加下划线)。
HC A140C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)
一方面,HC 140C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体包含Cγ多肽或其部分,其包含根据Kabat的EU索引的氨基酸取代A140C。
图1c示出了示例序列,其中示出了在前后有五个氨基酸的情况下的突变残基(黑体且加下划线)。
HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)
一方面,HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体包含Cγ多肽或其部分,其包含根据Kabat的EU索引的氨基酸取代S239C。
图1d示出了示例序列,其中示出了在前后有五个氨基酸的情况下的突变残基(黑体且加下划线)。
肽
在一个实施方案中,细胞结合剂为包含4-20,优选地6-20个连续氨基酸残基的线性或环状肤。在该实施方案中,优选一个细胞结合剂与一个单体或二聚体吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓化合物连接。
在一个实施方案中,细胞结合剂包含结合整联蛋白ανβ6的肽。与XYS相比该肽可对ανβ6具有选择性。
在一个实施方案中,细胞结合剂包含A20FMDV-Cys多肽。该A20FMDV-Cys具有序列:NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVARTC[SEQ ID NO:5]。可选地,可使用A20FMDV-Cys序列的变体,其中一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九或十个氨基酸残基被其它氨基酸残基取代。
在一个实施方案中,所述抗体是单克隆抗体;嵌合抗体;人源化抗体;完全人抗体;或单链抗体。一个实施方案,抗体为这些抗体之一的具有生物活性的片段。此类片段的实例包括化Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2和Fv片段。
在这些实施方案中,每个抗体可与一个或几个吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓基团连接。以上给出了吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓与细胞结合剂的优选比率。
所述抗体可为结构域抗体(DAB)。
在一个实施方案中,所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
用于本发明方法中的抗体包括在并入本文的WO 2005/082023中所描述的那些抗体。特别优选用于肿瘤相关抗原的那些抗体。本领域已知的那些抗原的实例包括但不限于在WO 2005/082023中列出的那些肿瘤相关抗原。参见,例如,第41-55页。
本发明的偶联物设计成通过其细胞表面抗原靶向肿瘤细胞。所述抗原通常是过表达或在异常时间表达的正常细胞表面抗原。理想地,靶抗原仅在增殖细胞(优选为肿瘤细胞)上表达,然而这在实践中很少观察到。因此,通常基于增殖组织和健康组织之间的差异表达来选择靶抗原。
已经生产出靶向特异性肿瘤相关抗原的抗体,包括:Cripto、CD30、CD19、CD33、糖蛋白NMB、CanAg、Her2(ErbB2/Neu)、CD56(NCAM)、CD22(Siglec2)、CD33(Siglec3)、CD79、CD138、PSCA、PSMA(前列腺特异性膜抗原)、BCMA、CD20、CD70、E-选择蛋白、EphB2、黑素转铁蛋白(Melanotransferin)、Muc16和TMEFF2。
肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)是本领域中已知的,并且可以制备用于利用本领域熟知的方法和信息来产生抗体。在试图发现用于癌症诊断和治疗的有效细胞靶标时,研究人员已经设法鉴定与一种或多种正常非癌细胞相比,在一种或多种特定类型的癌细胞的表面上特异性表达的跨膜或其它肿瘤相关多肽。通常,与在非癌细胞的表面上相比,此类肿瘤相关多肽更大量地在癌细胞的表面上表达。此类肿瘤相关细胞表面抗原多肽的鉴定,已经产生了通过基于抗体的治疗来特异性靶向癌细胞以便破坏的能力。
TAA的实例包括但不限于在下面列出的TAA(1)-(53)。为方便起见,下面列出了涉及所有在本领域中已知的这些抗原的信息并且包括名称、替代名称、Genbank登记号及主要参考文献,遵循国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)的核酸和蛋白质序列鉴定规则。对应TAA(1)-(53)的核酸和蛋白质序列在公共数据库如GenBank中可用。抗体靶向的肿瘤相关抗原包括相对于所引用的参考文献中鉴定的序列具有至少约70%、80%、85%、90%,或95%序列同一性,或表现出与具有在所引用的参考文献中找到的序列的TAA基本相同的生物性质或特征的所有氨基酸序列变体和同种型。例如,具有变体序列的TAA通常能够特异性地与抗体结合,所述抗体特异性地与具有所列相应序列的TAA结合。在本文具体引用的参考文献中的序列和公开明确地通过引用并入。
肿瘤相关抗原(1)-(53):
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型,Genbank登记号NM_001203)ten Dijke,P.等Science 264(5155):101-104(1994),Oncogene 14(11):1377-1382(1997));WO2004/063362(权利要求2);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);US2003/134790-A1(第38-39页);WO2002/102235(权利要求13;第296页);WO2003/055443(第91-92页);WO2002/99122(实施例2;第528-530页);WO2003/029421(权利要求6);WO2003/024392(权利要求2;图112);WO2002/98358(权利要求1;第183页);WO2002/54940(第100-101页);WO2002/59377(第349-350页);WO2002/30268(权利要求27;第376页);WO2001/48204(实施例;图4);NP_001194骨形态发生蛋白受体,IB型/pid=NP_001194.1。交叉引用:MIM:603248;NP_001194.1;AY065994
(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5,Genbank登记号NM_003486)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.255(2),283-288(1999),Nature 395(6699):288-291(1998),Gaugitsch,H.W.等(1992)J.Biol.Chem.267(16):11267-11273);WO2004/048938(实施例2);WO2004/032842(实施例IV);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);WO2003/016475(权利要求1);WO2002/78524(实施例2);WO2002/99074(权利要求19;第127-129页);WO2002/86443(权利要求27;第222、393页);WO2003/003906(权利要求10;第293页);WO2002/64798(权利要求33;第93-95页);WO2000/14228(权利要求5;第133-136页);US2003/224454(图3);WO2003/025138(权利要求12;第150页);NP_003477溶质载体家族7(阳离子氨基酸转运体,y+系统),成员5/pid=NP_003477.3-智人;交叉引用:MIM:600182;NP_003477.3;NM_015923;NM_003486_1
(3)STEAP1(六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原,Genbank登记号NM_012449);CancerRes.61(15),5857-5860(2001),Hubert,R.S.等(1999)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(25):14523-14528);WO2004/065577(权利要求6);WO2004/027049(图1L);EP1394274(实施例11);WO2004/016225(权利要求2);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);US2003/157089(实施例5);US2003/185830(实施例5);US2003/064397(图2);WO2002/89747(实施例5;第618-619页);WO2003/022995(实施例9;图13A,实施例53;第173页,实施例2;图2A);NP_036581六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原;交叉引用:MIM:604415;NP_036581.1;NM_012449_1
(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16,Genbank登记号AF361486);J.Biol.Chem.276(29):27371-27375(2001));WO2004/045553(权利要求14);WO2002/92836(权利要求6;图12);WO2002/83866(权利要求15;第116-121页);US2003/124140(实施例16);交叉引用:GI:34501467;AAK74120.3;AF361486_1
(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核细胞强化因子、间皮素,Genbank登记号NM_005823)Yamaguchi,N.等Biol.Chem.269(2),805-808(1994),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(20):11531-11536(1999),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.93(1):136-140(1996),J.Biol.Chem.270(37):21984-21990(1995));WO2003/101283(权利要求14);(WO2002/102235(权利要求13;第287-288页);WO2002/101075(权利要求4;第308-309页);WO2002/71928(第320-321页);WO94/10312(第52-57页);交叉引用:MIM:601051;NP_005814.2;NM_005823_1
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶质载体家族34(磷酸钠)、成员2、II型钠依赖性磷酸盐转运蛋白3b,Genbank登记号NM_006424)J.Biol.Chem.277(22):19665-19672(2002),Genomics 62(2):281-284(1999),Feild,J.A.等(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.258(3):578-582);WO2004/022778(权利要求2);EP1394274(实施例11);WO2002/102235(权利要求13;第326页);EP0875569(权利要求1;第17-19页);WO2001/57188(权利要求20;第329页);WO2004/032842(实施例IV);WO2001/75177(权利要求24;第139-140页);交叉引用:MIM:604217;NP_006415.1;NM_006424_1
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、脑信号蛋白(Semaphorin)5b Hlog、sema结构域、七个血小板反应蛋白重复序列(1型和类1型)、跨膜结构域(TM)和短胞质结构域,(脑信号蛋白)5B,Genbank登记号AB040878);Nagase T.等(2000)DNA Res.7(2):143-150);WO2004/000997(权利要求1);WO2003/003984(权利要求1);WO2002/06339(权利要求1;第50页);WO2001/88133(权利要求1;第41-43、48-58页);WO2003/054152(权利要求20);WO2003/101400(权利要求11);登记号:Q9P283;EMBL;AB040878;BAA95969.1.Genew;HGNC:10737
(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA2700050C12、RIKENcDNA 2700050C12基因,Genbank登记号AY358628);Ross等(2002)Cancer Res.62:2546-2553;US2003/129192(权利要求2);US2004/044180(权利要求12);US2004/044179(权利要求11);US2003/096961(权利要求11);US2003/232056(实施例5);WO2003/105758(权利要求12);US2003/206918(实施例5);EP1347046(权利要求1);WO2003/025148(权利要求20);交叉引用:GI:37182378;AAQ88991.1;AY358628_1
(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体,Genbank登记号AY275463);Nakamuta M.等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.177,34-39,1991;Ogawa Y.等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,248-255,1991;Arai H.等Jpn.Circ.J.56,1303-1307,1992;Arai H.等J.Biol.Chem.268,3463-3470,1993;Sakamoto A.,Yanagisawa M.等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,656-663,1991;Elshourbagy N.A.等J.Biol.Chem.268,3873-3879,1993;Haendler B.等J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.20,s1-S4,1992;Tsutsumi M.等Gene 228,43-49,1999;Strausberg R.L.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;Bourgeois C.等J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.82,3116-3123,1997;Okamoto Y.等Biol.Chem.272,21589-21596,1997;Verheij J.B.等Am.J.Med.Genet.108,223-225,2002;Hofstra R.M.W.等Eur.J.Hum.Genet.5,180-185,1997;Puffenberger E.G.等Cell 79,1257-1266,1994;Attie T.,等,Hum.Mol.Genet.4,2407-2409,1995;Auricchio A.等Hum.Mol.Genet.5:351-354,1996;Amiel J.等Hum.Mol.Genet.5,355-357,1996;Hofstra R.M.W.等Nat.Genet.12,445-447,1996;Svensson P.J.等Hum.Genet.103,145-148,1998;Fuchs S.等Mol.Med.7,115-124,2001;Pingault V.等(2002)Hum.Genet.111,198-206;WO2004/045516(权利要求1);WO2004/048938(实施例2);WO2004/040000(权利要求151);WO2003/087768(权利要求1);WO2003/016475(权利要求1);WO2003/016475(权利要求1);WO2002/61087(图1);WO2003/016494(图6);WO2003/025138(权利要求12;第144页);WO2001/98351(权利要求1;第124-125页);EP0522868(权利要求8;图2);WO2001/77172(权利要求1;第297-299页);US2003/109676;US6518404(图3);US5773223(权利要求1a;第31-34栏);WO2004/001004
(10)MSG783(RNF124、假拟蛋白FLJ20315,Genbank登记号NM_017763);WO2003/104275(权利要求1);WO2004/046342(实施例2);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);WO2003/083074(权利要求14;Page 61);WO2003/018621(权利要求1);WO2003/024392(权利要求2;Fig 93);WO2001/66689(实施例6);交叉引用:基因座ID:54894;NP_060233.2;NM_017763_1
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相关基因1、前列腺癌相关蛋白1、六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原2、六次跨膜的前列腺蛋白,Genbank登记号AF455138);Lab.Invest.82(11):1573-1582(2002));WO2003/087306;US2003/064397(权利要求1;图1);WO2002/72596(权利要求13;第54-55页);WO2001/72962(权利要求1;图4B);WO2003/104270(权利要求11);WO2003/104270(权利要求16);US2004/005598(权利要求22);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);US2003/060612(权利要求12;图10);WO2002/26822(权利要求23;图2);WO2002/16429(权利要求12;图10);交叉引用:GI:22655488;AAN04080.1;AF455138_1
(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬时型受体电位阳离子通道、亚家族M、成员4,Genbank登记号NM_017636);Xu,X.Z.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(19):10692-10697(2001),Cell109(3):397-407(2002),J.Biol.Chem.278(33):30813-30820(2003));US2003/143557(权利要求4);WO2000/40614(权利要求14;第100-103页);WO2002/10382(权利要求1;图9A);WO2003/042661(权利要求12);WO2002/30268(权利要求27;第391页);US2003/219806(权利要求4);WO2001/62794(权利要求14;图1A-D);交叉引用:MIM:606936;NP_060106.2;NM_017636_1
(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生生长因子,Genbank登记号NP_003203或NM_003212);Ciccodicola,A.等EMBO J.8(7):1987-1991(1989),Am.J.Hum.Genet.49(3):555-565(1991));US2003/224411(权利要求1);WO2003/083041(实施例1);WO2003/034984(权利要求12);WO2002/88170(权利要求2;第52-53页);WO2003/024392(权利要求2;图58);WO2002/16413(权利要求1;第94-95、105页);WO2002/22808(权利要求2;图1);US5854399(实施例2;第17-18栏);US5792616(图2);交叉引用:MIM:187395;NP_003203.1;NM_003212_1
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein Barrvirus)受体)或Hs.73792,Genbank登记号M26004);Fujisaku等(1989)J.Biol.Chem.264(4):2118-2125);Weis J.J.等J.Exp.Med.167,1047-1066,1988;Moore M.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.84,9194-9198,1987;Barel M.等Mol.Immunol.35,1025-1031,1998;Weis J.J.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.83,5639-5643,1986;Sinha S.K.等(1993)J.Immunol.150,5311-5320;WO2004/045520(实施例4);US2004/005538(实施例1);WO2003/062401(权利要求9);WO2004/045520(实施例4);WO91/02536(图9.1-9.9);WO2004/020595(权利要求1);登记号:P20023;Q13866;Q14212;EMBL;M26004;AAA35786.1.
(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相关蛋白β)、B29,Genbank登记号NM_000626或11038674);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(2003)100(7):4126-4131,Blood(2002)100(9):3068-3076,Muller等(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22(6):1621-1625);WO2004/016225(权利要求2、图140);WO2003/087768,US2004/101874(权利要求1、第102页);WO2003/062401(权利要求9);WO2002/78524(实施例2);US2002/150573(权利要求5、第15页);US5644033;WO2003/048202(权利要求1、第306和309页);WO 99/58658,US6534482(权利要求13、图17A/B);WO2000/55351(权利要求11、第1145-1146页);交叉引用:MIM:147245;NP_000617.1;NM_000626_1
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含SH2结构域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C,Genbank登记号NM_030764,AY358130);Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270(2003),Immunogenetics54(2):87-95(2002),Blood 99(8):2662-2669(2002),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(17):9772-9777(2001),Xu,M.J.等(2001)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.280(3):768-775;WO2004/016225(权利要求2);WO2003/077836;WO2001/38490(权利要求5;图18D-1-18D-2);WO2003/097803(权利要求12);WO2003/089624(权利要求25);交叉引用:MIM:606509;NP_110391.2;NM_030764_1
(17)HER2(ErbB2,Genbank登记号M11730);Coussens L.等Science(1985)230(4730):1132-1139);Yamamoto T.等Nature 319,230-234,1986;Semba K.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.82,6497-6501,1985;Swiercz J.M.等J.Cell Biol.165,869-880,2004;Kuhns J.J.等J.Biol.Chem.274,36422-36427,1999;Cho H.-S.等Nature 421,756-760,2003;Ehsani A.等(1993)Genomics 15,426-429;WO2004/048938(实施例2);WO2004/027049(图1I);WO2004/009622;WO2003/081210;WO2003/089904(权利要求9);WO2003/016475(权利要求1);US2003/118592;WO2003/008537(权利要求1);WO2003/055439(权利要求29;图1A-B);WO2003/025228(权利要求37;图5C);WO2002/22636(实施例13;第95-107页);WO2002/12341(权利要求68;图7);WO2002/13847(第71-74页);WO2002/14503(第114-117页);WO2001/53463(权利要求2;第41-46页);WO2001/41787(第15页);WO2000/44899(权利要求52;图7);WO2000/20579(权利要求3;图2);US5869445(权利要求3;第31-38栏);WO9630514(权利要求2;第56-61页);EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004/043361(权利要求7);WO2004/022709;WO2001/00244(实施例3;图4);登记号:P04626;EMBL;M11767;AAA35808.1.EMBL;M11761;AAA35808.1
(18)NCA(CEACAM6,Genbank登记号M18728);Barnett T.等Genomics 3,59-66,1988;Tawaragi Y.等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.150,89-96,1988;Strausberg R.L.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:16899-16903,2002;WO2004/063709;EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004/044178(实施例4);WO2004/031238;WO2003/042661(权利要求12);WO2002/78524(实施例2);WO2002/86443(权利要求27;第427页);WO2002/60317(权利要求2);登记号:P40199;Q14920;EMBL;M29541;AAA59915.1.EMBL;M18728
(19)MDP(DPEP1,Genbank登记号BC017023);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99(26):16899-16903(2002));WO2003/016475(权利要求1);WO2002/64798(权利要求33;第85-87页);JP05003790(图6-8);WO99/46284(图9);交叉引用:MIM:179780;AAH17023.1;BC017023_1
(20)IL20Rα(IL20Ra、ZCYTOR7,Genbank登记号AF184971);Clark H.F.等GenomeRes.13,2265-2270,2003;Mungall A.J.等Nature425,805-811,2003;Blumberg H.等Cell104,9-19,2001;Dumoutier L.等J.Immunol.167,3545-3549,2001;Parrish-Novak J.等J.Biol.Chem.277,47517-47523,2002;Pletnev S.等(2003)Biochemistry42:12617-12624;Sheikh F.等(2004)J.Immunol.172,2006-2010;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004/005320(实施例5);WO2003/029262(第74-75页);WO2003/002717(权利要求2;第63页);WO2002/22153(第45-47页);US2002/042366(第20-21页);WO2001/46261(第57-59页);WO2001/46232(第63-65页);WO98/37193(权利要求1;第55-59页);登记号:Q9UHF4;Q6UWA9;Q96SH8;EMBL;AF184971;AAF01320.1.
(21)Brevican(BCAN、BEHAB,Genbank登记号AF229053);Gary S.C.等Gene 256,139-147,2000;Clark H.F.等Genome Res.13,2265-2270,2003;Strausberg R.L.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;US2003/186372(权利要求11);US2003/186373(权利要求11);US2003/119131(权利要求1;图52);US2003/119122(权利要求1;图52);US2003/119126(权利要求1);US2003/119121(权利要求1;图52);US2003/119129(权利要求1);US2003/119130(权利要求1);US2003/119128(权利要求1;图52);US2003/119125(权利要求1);WO2003/016475(权利要求1);WO2002/02634(权利要求1)
(22)EphB2R(DRT、ERK、Hek5、EPHT3、Tyro5,Genbank登记号NM_004442);Chan,J.和Watt,V.M.,Oncogene 6(6),1057-1061(1991)Oncogene 10(5):897-905(1995),Annu.Rev.Neurosci.21:309-345(1998),Int.Rev.Cytol.196:177-244(2000));WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200053216(权利要求1;第41页);WO2004065576(权利要求1);WO2004020583(权利要求9);WO2003004529(第128-132页);WO200053216(权利要求1;第42页);交叉引用:MIM:600997;NP_004433.2;NM_004442_1
(23)ASLG659(B7h,Genbank登记号AX092328);US2004/0101899(权利要求2);WO2003104399(权利要求11);WO2004000221(图3);US2003/165504(权利要求1);US2003/124140(实施例2);US2003/065143(图60);WO2002/102235(权利要求13;第299页);US2003/091580(实施例2);WO2002/10187(权利要求6;图10);WO2001/94641(权利要求12;图7b);WO2002/02624(权利要求13;图1A-1B);US2002/034749(权利要求54;第45-46页);WO2002/06317(实施例2;第320-321页,权利要求34;第321-322页);WO2002/71928(第468-469页);WO2002/02587(实施例1;图1);WO2001/40269(实施例3;第190-192页);WO2000/36107(实施例2;第205-207页);WO2004/053079(权利要求12);WO2003/004989(权利要求1);WO2002/71928(第233-234、452-453页);WO 01/16318
(24)PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原前体,Genbank登记号AJ297436);Reiter R.E.等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.95,1735-1740,1998;Gu Z.等Oncogene 19,1288-1296,2000;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.(2000)275(3):783-788;WO2004/022709;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004/018553(权利要求17);WO2003/008537(权利要求1);WO2002/81646(权利要求1;第164页);WO2003/003906(权利要求10;第288页);WO2001/40309(实施例1;图17);US2001/055751(实施例1;图1b);WO2000/32752(权利要求18;图1);WO98/51805(权利要求17;第97页);WO98/51824(权利要求10;第94页);WO98/40403(权利要求2;图1B);登记号:O43653;EMBL;AF043498;AAC39607.1
(25)GEDA(Genbank登记号AY260763);AAP14954脂肪瘤HMGIC融合-配偶类蛋白/pid=AAP14954.1-智人(人);WO2003/054152(权利要求20);WO2003/000842(权利要求1);WO2003/023013(实施例3、权利要求20);US2003/194704(权利要求45);交叉引用:GI:30102449;AAP14954.1;AY260763_1
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化因子受体、BLyS受体3、BR3,Genbank登记号AF116456);BAFF受体/pid=NP_443177.1-智人:Thompson,J.S.等Science 293(5537),2108-2111(2001);WO2004/058309;WO2004/011611;WO2003/045422(实施例;第32-33页);WO2003/014294(权利要求35;图6B);WO2003/035846(权利要求70;第615-616页);WO2002/94852(第136-137栏);WO2002/38766(权利要求3;第133页);WO2002/24909(实施例3;图3);交叉引用:MIM:606269;NP_443177.1;NM_052945_1;AF132600
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同种型、BL-CAM、Lyb-8、Lyb8、SIGLEC-2、FLJ22814,Genbank登记号AK026467);Wilson等(1991)J.Exp.Med.173:137-146;WO2003/072036(权利要求1;图1);交叉引用:MIM:107266;NP_001762.1;NM_001771_1
(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α、免疫球蛋白相关α,一种B细胞特异性蛋白质,其与Igβ(CD79B)共价相互作用并与IgΜ分子在表面上形成复合物,转导设及B细胞分化的信号),pI:4.84,MW:25028TM:2[P]基因染色体:19q13.2,Genbank登记号NP_001774.10);WO2003/088808、US2003/0228319;WO2003/062401(权利要求9);US2002/150573(权利要求4、第13-14页);WO99/58658(权利要求13、图16);WO92/07574(图1);US5644033;Ha等(1992)J.Immunol.148(5):1526-1531;Müller等(1992)Eur.J.Immunol..22:1621-1625;Hashimoto等(1994)Immunogenetics 40(4):287-295;Preud’homme等(1992)Clin.Exp.Immunol.90(1):141-146;Yu等(1992)J.Immunol.148(2)633-637;Sakaguchi等(1988)EMBO J.7(11):3457-3464
(29)CXCR5(伯基特淋巴瘤(Burkitt's lymphoma)受体1,一种G蛋白偶联受体,其由CXCL13趋化因子活化,在淋巴细胞迁移和体液防御中发挥功能,在HIV-2感染以及可能在AIDS、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病的发展中起作用);372aa,pI:8.54MW:41959TM:7[P]基因染色体:11q23.3,Genbank登记号NP_001707.1);WO2004/040000;WO2004/015426;US2003/105292(实施例2);US6555339(实施例2);WO2002/61087(图1);WO2001/57188(权利要求20、第269页);WO2001/72830(第12-13页);WO2000/22129(实施例1、第152-153页、实施例2、第254-256页);WO99/28468(权利要求1、第38页);US5440021(实施例2、第49-52栏);WO94/28931(第56-58页);WO92/17497(权利要求7、图5);Dobner等(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22:2795-2799;Barella等(1995)Biochem.J.309:773-779
(30)HLA-DOB(MHC II类分子β亚基(Ia抗原),其结合肽并且将它们呈递给CD4+T淋巴细胞);273aa,pI:6.56,MW:30820.TM:1[P]基因染色体:6p21.3,Genbank登记号NP_002111.1);Tonnelle等(1985)EMBO J.4(11):2839-2847;Jonsson等(1989)Immunogenetics29(6):411-413;Beck等(1992)J.Mol.Biol.228:433-441;Strausberg等(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 99:16899-16903;Servenius等(1987)J.Biol.Chem.262:8759-8766;Beck等(1996)J.Mol.Biol.255:1-13;Naruse等(2002)Tissue Antigens 59:512-519;WO99/58658(权利要求13、图15);US6153408(第35-38栏);US5976551(第168-170栏);US6011146(第145-146栏);Kasahara等(1989)Immunogenetics30(1):66-68;Larhammar等(1985)J.Biol.Chem.260(26):14111-14119
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体门控离子通道5,一种由细胞外ATP门控的离子通道,可参与突触传递和神经发生,缺陷可促成特发性逼尿肌不稳定的病理生理);422aa),pI:7.63,MW:47206TM:1[P]基因染色体:17p13.3,Genbank登记号NP_002552.2);Le等(1997)FEBS Lett.418(1-2):195-199;WO2004/047749;WO2003/072035(权利要求10);Touchman等(2000)Genome Res.10:165-173;WO2002/22660(权利要求20);WO2003/093444(权利要求1);WO2003/087768(权利要求1);WO2003/029277(第82页)
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2);359aa,pI:8.66,MW:40225,TM:1[P]基因染色体:9p13.3,Genbank登记号NP_001773.1);WO2004042346(权利要求65);WO2003/026493(第51-52、57-58页);WO2000/75655(第105-106页);Von Hoegen等(1990)J.Immunol.144(12):4870-4877;Strausberg等(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA99:16899-16903
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105)、富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白,调节B-细胞活化和调亡,功能的损失与患有全身性红斑性狼疮患者的疾病活性增加相关);661aa,pI:6.20,MW:74147TM:1[P]基因染色体:5q12,Genbank登记号NP_005573.1);US2002/193567;WO97/07198(权利要求11、第39-42页);Miura等(1996)Genomics 38(3):299-304;Miura等(1998)Blood 92:2815-2822;WO2003/083047;WO97/44452(权利要求8、第57-61页);WO2000/12130(第24-26页)
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1,一种针对含有C2型Ig样和ITAM结构域的免疫球蛋白Fc结构域的假定受体,可在B-淋巴细胞分化中发挥作用);429aa,pI:5.28,MW:46925TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21-1q22,Genbank登记号NP_443170.1);WO2003/077836;WO2001/38490(权利要求6,图18E-1-18-E-2);Davis等(2001)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 98(17):9772-9777;WO2003/089624(权利要求8);EP1347046(权利要求1);WO2003/089624(权利要求7)
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关蛋白2,一种可在B细胞发育和淋巴瘤生成中起作用的假定免疫受体;在一些B细胞恶性肿瘤中通过易位导致基因调节异常);977aa,pI:6.88,MW:106468,TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21,Genbank登记号人:AF343662、AF343663、AF343664、AF343665、AF369794、AF397453、AK090423、AK090475、AL834187、AY358085;小鼠:AK089756、AY158090、AY506558;NP_112571.1;WO2003/024392(权利要求2、图97);Nakayama等(2000)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.277(1):124-127;WO2003/077836;WO2001/38490(权利要求3、图18B-1-18B-2)
(36)TENB2(TMEFF2、脑肿瘤抑癌蛋白(tomoregulin)、TPEF、HPP1、TR、推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖,与生长因子和卵泡抑制素(follistatin)的EGF/神经生长因子(heregulin)家族有关);374aa,NCBI登记号:AAD55776、AAF91397、AAG49451,NCBI RefSeq:NP_057276;NCBI基因:23671;OMIM:605734;SwissProt Q9UIK5;Genbank登记号AF179274、AY358907、CAF85723、CQ782436;WO2004/074320;JP2004113151;WO2003/042661;WO2003/009814;EP1295944(第69-70页);WO2002/30268(第329页);WO2001/90304;US2004/249130;US2004/022727;WO2004/063355;US2004/197325;US2003/232350;US2004/005563;US2003/124579;Horie等(2000)Genomics 67:146-152;Uchida等(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.266:593-602;Liang等(2000)Cancer Res.60:4907-12;Glynne-Jones等(2001)Int J Cancer.Oct 15;94(2):178-84.
(37)PMEL17(银同源物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);ME20;gp100)BC001414;BT007202;M32295;M77348;NM_006928;McGlinchey,R.P.等(2009)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.106(33),13731-13736;Kummer,M.P.等(2009)J.Biol.Chem.284(4),2296-2306;
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样结构域和两个卵泡抑素样结构域的跨膜蛋白1;脑肿瘤抑癌蛋白-1);H7365;C9orf2;C9ORF2;U19878;X83961;NM_080655;NM_003692;Harms,P.W.(2003)Genes Dev.17(21),2624-2629;Gery,S.等(2003)Oncogene 22(18):2723-2727;
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-ALPHA-1);U95847;BC014962;NM_145793NM_005264;Kim,M.H.等(2009)Mol.Cell.Biol.29(8),2264-2277;Treanor,J.J.等(1996)Nature 382(6586):80-83;
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67、RIG-E、SCA-2、TSA-1);NP_002337.1;NM_002346.2;de Nooij-van Dalen,A.G.等(2003)Int.J.Cancer 103(6),768-774;Zammit,D.J.等(2002)Mol.Cell.Biol.22(3):946-952;
(41)TMEM46(shisa同源物2(非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));SHISA2);NP_001007539.1;NM_001007538.1;Furushima,K.等(2007)Dev.Biol.306(2),480-492;Clark,H.F.等(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D、MEGT1);NP_067079.2;NM_021246.2;Mallya,M.等(2002)Genomics80(1):113-123;Ribas,G.等(1999)J.Immunol.163(1):278-287;
(43)LGR5(富含亮氨酸重复序列的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49、GPR67);NP_003658.1;NM_003667.2;Salanti,G.等(2009)Am.J.Epidemiol.170(5):537-545;Yamamoto,Y.等(2003)Hepatology37(3):528-533;
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);NP_066124.1;NM_020975.4;Tsukamoto,H.等(2009)Cancer Sci.100(10):1895-1901;Narita,N.等(2009)Oncogene 28(34):3058-3068;
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);NP_059997.3;NM_017527.3;Ishikawa,N.等(2007)Cancer Res.67(24):11601-11611;deNooij-van Dalen,A.G.等(2003)Int.J.Cancer 103(6):768-774;
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787);NP_006134.1;NM_006143.2;Montpetit,A.和Sinnett,D.(1999)Hum.Genet.105(1-2):162-164;O'Dowd,B.F.等(1996)FEBSLett.394(3):325-329;
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);NP_115940.2;NM_032551.4;Navenot,J.M.等(2009)Mol.Pharmacol.75(6):1300-1306;Hata,K.等(2009)Anticancer Res.29(2):617-623;
(48)ASPHD1(含天冬氨酸β羟化酶结构域的1;LOC253982);NP_859069.2;NM_181718.3;Gerhard,D.S.等(2004)Genome Res.14(10B):2121-2127;
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3);NP_000363.1;NM_000372.4;Bishop,D.T.等(2009)Nat.Genet.41(8):920-925;Nan,H.等(2009)Int.J.Cancer 125(4):909-917;
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);NP_001103373.1;NM_001109903.1;Clark,H.F.等(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;Scherer,S.E.等(2006)Nature 440(7082):346-351
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e);NP_078807.1;NM_024531.3;Ericsson,T.A.等(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.100(11):6759-6764;Takeda,S.等(2002)FEBS Lett.520(1-3):97-101.
(52)CD33,结合唾液酸的免疫球蛋白样凝集素(lectin)家族的成员,是67-kDa糖基化跨膜蛋白。除了定向骨髓单核细胞和红系祖细胞外,CD33还在大多数粒细胞和单核细胞性白血病细胞上表达。在最早的多能干细胞、成熟粒细胞、淋巴样细胞或非造血细胞上未见(Sabbath等.,(1985)J.Clin.Invest.75:756-56;Andrews等.,(1986)Blood68:1030-5)。CD33在其胞质尾上含有两个酪氨酸残基,每个酪氨酸残基之后是类似于在许多抑制性受体中所见的基于免疫受体酪氨酸的抑制基序(ITIM)的疏水性残基。
(53)CLL-1(CLEC12A、MICL和DCAL2),编码C型凝集素/C型凝集素样结构域(CTL/CTLD)超家族的成员。这个家族的成员共有常见的蛋白质折叠并且具有不同功能,如细胞粘附、细胞-细胞信号传导、糖蛋白翻转,及在炎症和免疫反应中的作用。这个基因编码的蛋白质是粒细胞和单核细胞功能的负调节因子。已经描述了这个基因的几种可选剪接的转录产物变体,但是这些变体中的一些的全长特性尚未确定。在染色体12p13上的天然杀伤基因复合区内这个基因与其它CTL/CTLD超家族成员紧密连接(Drickamer K(1999)Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.9(5):585–90;van Rhenen A等,(2007)Blood110(7):2659–66;Chen CH等(2006)Blood 107(4):1459–67;Marshall AS,等.(2006)Eur.J.Immunol.36(8):2159–69;Bakker AB等(2005)Cancer Res.64(22):8443–50;Marshall AS等(2004)J.Biol.Chem.279(15):14792–802)。已经证实CLL-1是II型跨膜受体,其包含单个C型凝集素样结构域(预计不会结合钙或糖)、茎区、跨膜结构域和含有ITIM基序的短胞质尾。
亲本抗体还可为包含白蛋白结合肽(ABP)序列的融合蛋白(Dennis等(2002)“Albumin Binding As A General Strategy For Improving The Pharmacokinetics OfProteins”J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043;WO 01/45746)。本发明的抗体包括具有以下教导的ABP序列的融合蛋白:(i)Dennis等(2002)J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043在表III和IV,第35038页;(ii)US 2004/0001827在[0076]处,及(iii)WO 01/45746在第12-13页,并且所有这些通过引用并入本文。
在一个实施方案中,已经产生了所述抗体以特异性靶向肿瘤相关抗原ανβ6。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的ADC包含抗HER2抗体。在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的ADC的抗HER2抗体包含人源化抗HER2抗体,例如,如US 5821337的表3中所述的huMAb4D5-1、huMAb4D5-2、huMAb4D5-3、huMAb4D5-4、huMAb4D5-5、huMAb4D5-6、huMAb4D5-7和huMAb4D5-8。那些抗体含有人骨架区与结合HER2的鼠抗体(4D5)的互补决定区。人源化抗体huMAb4D5-8也称为曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab),作为市售。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的ADC的抗HER2抗体包含人源化抗HER2抗体,例如,如US7862817中所述的人源化2C4。示例性人源化2C4抗体为帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab),作为市售。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的ADC的抗HER2抗体包含的人源化抗HER2抗体为7C2。
在一些实施方案中,半胱氨酸工程化THIOMABTM抗体具有根据Kabat编号在轻链的149-赖氨酸位点引入的半胱氨酸残基(LC K149C)。
在其它实施方案中,半胱氨酸工程化THIOMABTM抗体具有根据Kabat编号在轻链的205-缬氨酸位点引入的半胱氨酸残基(LC V205C)。
在其它实施方案中,半胱氨酸工程化THIOMABTM抗体具有在重链的118-丙氨酸位点(EU编号)引入的半胱氨酸残基(HC A118C)。该位点可选地按顺序编号为121或按Kabat编号为114。
在其它实施方案中,半胱氨酸工程化THIOMABTM抗体具有在重链的140-丙氨酸位点(EU编号)引入的半胱氨酸残基(HC A140C)。该位点可选地按顺序编号为143或按Kabat编号为136。
在其它实施方案中,半胱氨酸工程化THIOMABTM抗体具有在重链的239-丝氨酸位点(EU编号)引入的半胱氨酸残基(HC S239C)。该位点可选地按顺序编号为242或按Kabat编号为235。
可标记细胞结合剂,例如以协助检测或纯化在并入之前作为偶联物或作为偶联物的一部分的试剂。标记可为生物素标记。在另一个实施方案中,细胞结合剂可用放射性同位素标记。
R和R’
在一个实施方案中,R独立地选自经任选取代的C1-12烷基、C3-20杂环基和C5-20芳基。这些基团各自在下面取代基部分中有定义。
在一个实施方案中,R独立地为经任选取代的C1-12烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R独立地为经任选取代的C3-20杂环基。
在一个实施方案中,R独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R独立地为经任选取代的C1-12烷基。
以上关于R2的描述是涉及优选烷基和芳基以及任选取代基的特性和数量的各种实施方案。当其适用于R时对于R2提出的优选,在适当的时候,适用于所有其它基团R,例如在R6、R7、R8或R9为R时。
对R的优选也适用于R’。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,提供了具有取代基-NRR’的化合物。在一个实施方案中,R和R’连同与之连接的氮原子一起形成经任选取代的4-、5-、6-或7-元杂环。该环可含其它杂原子,例如N、O或S。
在一个实施方案中,所述杂环本身被基团R取代。在存在其它N杂原子时,该取代基可在该N杂原子上。
R”
R”为C3-12亚烷基,其链可被一个或多个杂原子,例如O、S、N(H)、NMe和/或芳环,例如苯或吡啶间断,所述环经任选取代。
在一个实施方案中,R”为C3-12亚烷基,其链可被一个或多个杂原子和/或芳环(例如苯或吡啶)间断。
在一个实施方案中,所述亚烷基可任选地被一个或多个选自O、S和NMe的杂原子和/或芳环间断,所述环经任选取代。
在一个实施方案中,所述芳环为C5-20亚芳基,其中亚芳基涉及通过从芳香族化合物的两个芳环原子上去除两个氨原子得到的二价部分,该部分具有5至20个环原子。
在一个实施方案中,R”为C3-12亚烷基,其链可被一个或多个杂原子例如O、S、N(H)、NMe和/或芳环,例如苯或吡啶间断,所述环经NH2任选取代。
在一个实施方案中,R”为C3-12亚烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R”选自C3、C5、C7、C9和C11亚烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R”选自C3、C5和C7亚烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R”选自C3和C5亚烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R”为C3亚烷基。
在一个实施方案中,R”为C5亚烷基。
以上列举的亚烷基可任选地被一个或多个杂原子和/或芳环(例如苯或吡啶)间断,该环经任选取代。
以上列举的亚烷基可任选地被一个或多个杂原子和/或芳环(例如苯或吡啶)间断。
以上列举的亚烷基可为未取代的直链脂族亚烷基。
X
在一个实施方案中,X选自O、S或N(H)。
优选地,X为O。
E
其中一个或两个C环被式E的环置换的化合物,具有基团R2,其与R1或R3中的任一个,连同与之连接的C环的碳原子一起形成经任选取代的苯环。经任选取代的苯环可视为与吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓的C环稠合。稠合苯环可称为D环。该稠环的结构如下所示:
其中D1、D2、D3和D4各自表示H或取代基。
在一个实施方案中,所述苯环未经取代。
在一个实施方案中,苯环任选地被选自OH、CN、R、OR、O-SO2-R、CO2R、COR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代中的一个、两个、三个或四个基团取代。
在一个实施方案中,苯环经单取代。该单取代基可为D1、D2、D3或D4中的任一个(其余为H)。在一个实施方案中,苯环在D2处经取代,并且D1、D3和D4各自为H。在一个实施方案中,苯环在D3处经取代,并且D1、D2和D4各自为H。
在一个实施方案中,R2与R1,连同与之连接的C环的碳原子一起形成经任选取代的苯环。
下面列出了对于V和W的优选。
F
在其中一个或两个C环被式F的环置换的化合物中:
在一个实施方案中,当T为NR、BH、SO或SO2时,U为CH2。
在一个实施方案中,当U为NR、O或S时,T为CH2或CO。
在一个实施方案中,T选自CH2和CO。
在一个实施方案中,U选自NR、O和S。
在一个实施方案中,Y为(CH2)n,其中n为1或2。
在一个实施方案中,化合物A-B的C环具有选自以下所示的那些的结构:
V和W
V和W各自选自(CH2)n、O、S、NR、CHR和CRR’,其中n为2、3或4,除了当R1和R2连同与之连接的C环的碳原子一起形成经任选取代的苯环时,V为C,并且当R3和R2连同与之连接的C环的碳原子一起形成经任选取代的苯环时,W为C。
在一个实施方案中,当V和W中的一个为C时,V和W中的另一个选自CH2和NR。
在一个实施方案中,当V和W中的一个为C时,V和W中的另一个为CH2。
优选的偶联化合物
本发明第二方面的方法由细胞结合剂与本发明中间体化合物之间的反应制备偶联化合物。细胞结合剂可为抗体。在本发明的第三方面中,提供了具有LC K149C、LC V205C、HC A140C或HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)的偶联物,其中下面的CBA表示如以上所定义的Ab。在这些中可优选LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)。
在一个实施方案中,所述偶联物为二聚体,其中每个PBD部分都具有C2亚甲基,即每个R2=CH2。优选所述细胞结合剂为抗体。
在另一个实施方案中,所述偶联物为二聚体,其中每个单体都具有C2芳基,即每个R2均为经任选取代的C5-20芳基,并且在每个PBD部分中的C2和C3之间存在双键。优选所述细胞结合剂为抗体。
C2亚烷基
在一个实施方案中,所述偶联物为化合物:
并且更优选地:
其中CBA为细胞结合剂,如抗体或环状或线性肽,并且n为0或1。Y、RL1和RL2如先前所定义的,并且RE和RE”各自独立地选自H或RD。
C2芳基
在一个实施方案中,所述偶联物为化合物:
并且更优选地:
其中CBA为细胞结合剂如抗体或环状或线性肽,Y、RL1和RL2如前所定义;Ar1和Ar2各自独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基,且n为0或1。Ar1和Ar2可相同或不同。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2各自独立地选自经任选取代的苯基、呋喃基、苯硫基和吡啶基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的苯基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的噻吩-2-基或噻吩-3-基。
在一个实施方案中,以上每个实施方案中的Ar1和Ar2为经任选取代的喹啉基或异喹啉基。
喹啉基或异喹啉基可通过任何可用环位置与PBD核结合。例如,喹啉基可为喹啉-2-基、喹啉-3-基、喹啉-4-基、喹啉-5-基、喹啉-6-基、喹啉-7-基和喹啉-8-基。这些中可优选喹啉-3-基和喹啉-6-基。异喹啉基可为异喹啉-1-基、异喹啉-3-基、异喹啉-4-基、异喹啉-5-基、异喹啉-6-基、异喹啉-7-基和异喹啉-8-基。这些中可优选异喹啉-3-基和异喹啉-6-基。
C2乙烯基
在一个实施方案中,所述偶联物为化合物:
并且更优选地:
其中其中CBA为细胞结合剂如抗体或环状或线性肽,Y、RL1和RL2如前所定义;RV1和RV2独立地选自H、甲基、乙基和苯基(该苯基特别是在4位可经氟任选取代)和C5-6杂环基,并且n为0或1。RV1和RV2可相同或不同。
在以上一些实施方案中,RV1和RV2独立地选自H、苯基和4-氟苯基。
对于以上每种化合物,在适当的情况下,以下优选可适用:
n为0;
n为1;
RE为H;
RE为RD,其中RD为经任选取代的烷基;
RE为RD,其中RD为甲基;
CBA为抗体,尤其是LC K149C、LC V205C、HC A140C或HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
CBA为环状肽;
RL1和RL2为H;
RL1和RL2为Me。
取代基
如本文中所用的术语“经任选取代”涉及可以是未取代的或可以是取代的母体基团。
除非另有说明,如本文中所用的术语“取代的”涉及携带一个或多个取代基的母体基团。本文中术语“取代基”在常规意义上使用并且是指与母体基团共价连接或者(如果适当的话)与其稠合的化学部分。各种取代基都是熟知的,并且它们的形成方法和引入到各种母体基团的方法也是熟知的。
在优选的实施方案中,本文中所描述的取代基(其包括任选的取代基)限于对细胞结合剂没有反应性的那些基团。在目前的情况下,与细胞结合剂的连接是通过细胞结合剂的接头基团(包括,例如,L1、L2和A)由PBD化合物的N10位置形成。位于PBD结构的其它部分的反应性官能团可能能够形成与细胞结合剂的另外的键(这可称为交联)。这些另外的键可能改变偶联物的转运和生物活性。因此,在一些实施方案中,另外的取代基限于缺乏反应性官能性的那些。
在一个实施方案中,所述取代基选自由以下组成的组:R、OR、SR、NRR’、NO2、卤代、CO2R、COR、CONH2、CONHR和CONRR’。
在一个实施方案中,所述取代基选自由以下组成的组:R、OR、SR、NRR’、NO2、CO2R、COR、CONH2、CONHR和CONRR’。
在一个实施方案中,所述取代基选自由以下组成的组:R、OR、SR、NRR’、NO2和卤代。
在一个实施方案中,所述取代基选自由以下组成的组:R、OR、SR、NRR’和NO2。
上面提及的任一个实施方案可应用于本文所描述的任何一种取代基。可替代地,所述取代基可选自下面列出的一种或多种基团。
下面更加详细地描述了取代基的实例。
C1-12烷基:如本文中所用的术语“C1-12烷基”涉及通过从具有1至12个碳原子的烃化合物的碳原子上去除氢原子得到的一价部分,其可为脂肪族或脂环族,并且可以是饱和的或不饱和的(例如部分不饱和的、完全不饱和的)。因此,术语“烷基”包括以下讨论的亚类烯基、炔基、环烷基等。
饱和烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基(C1)、乙基(C2)、丙基(C3)、丁基(C4)、戊基(C5)、己基(C6)和庚基(C7)。
饱和直链烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基(C1)、乙基(C2)、正丙基(C3)、正丁基(C4)、正戊基(戊基)(C5)、正己基(C6)和正庚基(C7)。
饱和支链烷基的实例包括异丙基(C3)、异丁基(C4)、仲丁基(C4)、叔丁基(C4)、异戊基(C5)和新戊基(C5)。
烷基可任选地被一个或多个选自O、N(H)和S的杂原子间断。此类基团可称为“杂烷基”。
C2-20杂烷基:如本文中所用的术语“C2-12杂烷基”涉及通过从具有2至12个碳原子和一个或多个选自O、N(H)和S(优选O和S)的杂原子的烃化合物的碳原子上去除氢原子所获得的一价部分。
杂烷基的实例包括但不限于包含一个或多个-(OCH2CH2)-型的乙二醇单元的那些。杂烷基的末端可为杂原子的初级形式,例如-OH、-SH或-NH2。在优选的实施方案中,末端为-CH3。
C2-12烯基:如本文中所用的术语“C2-12烯基”涉及具有一个或多个碳-碳双键的烷基。
不饱和烯基的实例包括但不限于乙烯基(ethenyl)(乙烯基(vinyl),-CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基(-CH=CH-CH3)、2-丙烯基(烯丙基,-CH-CH=CH2)、异丙烯基(1-甲基乙烯基,-C(CH3)=CH2)、丁烯基(C4)、戊烯基(C5)和己烯基(C6)。
C2-12炔基:如本文中所用的术语“C2-12炔基”涉及具有一个或多个碳-碳三键的烷基。
不饱和炔基的实例包括但不限于乙炔基(-C≡CH)和2-丙炔基(炔丙基,-CH2-C≡CH)。
C3-12环烷基:如本文中所用的术语“C3-12环烷基”涉及也是环基的烷基;即通过从环状烃(碳环)化合物的脂环族环原子上去除氢原子所得到的一价部分,该部分具有3至7个碳原子,包括3至7个环原子。
环烷基的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的那些:
饱和单环烃化合物:
环丙烷(C3)、环丁烷(C4)、环戊烷(C5)、环己烷(C6)、环庚烷(C7)、甲基环丙烷(C4)、二甲基环丙烷(C5)、甲基环丁烷(C5)、二甲基环丁烷(C6)、甲基环戊烷(C6)、二甲基环戊烷(C7)和甲基环己烷(C7);
不饱和单环烃化合物:
环丙烯(C3)、环丁烯(C4)、环戊烯(C5)、环己烯(C6)、甲基环丙烯(C4)、二甲基环丙烯(C5)、甲基环丁烯(C5)、二甲基环丁烯(C6)、甲基环戊烯(C6)、二甲基环戊烯(C7)和甲基环己烯(C7);和
饱和多环烃化合物:
降蒈烷(C7)、降蒎烷(C7)、降莰烷(C7)。
C3-20杂环基:如本文中所用的术语“C3-20杂环基”涉及通过从杂环化合物的环原子上去除氢原子所得到的一价部分,该部分具有3至20个环原子,其中1至10个是环杂原子。优选地,每个环具有3至7个环原子,其中1至4个是环杂原子。
关于这点,前缀(例如C3-20、C3-7、C5-6等)表示环原子数或者环原子数的范围,无论是碳原子还是杂原子。例如,如本文中所用的术语“C5-6杂环基”涉及具有5或6个环原子的杂环基。
单环杂环基的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的那些:
N1:吖丙啶(aziridine)(C3)、吖丁啶(azetidine)(C4)、吡咯烷(四氢吡咯)(C5)、吡咯啉(例如3-吡咯啉、2,5-二氨吡咯)(C5)、2H-吡咯或3H-吡咯(异吡咯、异唑(isoazole))(C5)、哌啶(C6)、二氢吡啶(C6)、四氢吡啶(C6)、氮杂卓(azepine)(C7);
O1:环氧乙烷(oxirane)(C3)、氧杂环丁烷(oxetane)(C4)、氧杂环戊烷(oxolane)(四氢呋喃)(C5)、氧杂环戊二烯(oxole)(二氢呋喃)(C5)、氧杂环己烷(oxane)(四氢吡喃)(C6)、二氢吡喃(C6)、吡喃(C6)、噁庚因(oxepin)(C7);
S1:环硫乙烷(thiirane)(C3)、硫杂环丁烷(thietane)(C4)、硫杂环戊烷(thiolane)(四氢噻吩)(C5)、硫杂环己烷(thiane)(四氢噻喃)(C6)、硫杂环庚烷(thiepane)(C7);
O2:二氧杂环戊烷(C5)、二噁烷(C6)和二氧杂环庚烷(C7);
O3:三噁烷(C6);
N2:咪唑烷(C5)、吡唑烷(二氮杂环戊烷(diazolidine))(C5)、咪唑啉(C5)、吡唑啉(二氢吡唑)(C5)、哌嗪(C6);
N1O1:四氢噁唑(C5)、二氢噁唑(C5)、四氢异噁唑(C5)、二氢异噁唑(C5)、吗啉(C6)、四氢噁嗪(C6)、二氢噁嗪(C6)、噁嗪(C6);
N1S1:噻唑啉(C5)、噻唑烷(C5)、硫代吗啉(C6);
N2O1:噁二嗪(C6);
O1S1:氧硫杂环戊二烯(oxathiole)(C5)和氧硫杂环己烷(噻噁烷,thioxane)(C6);和,
N1O1S1:噁噻嗪(oxathiazine)(C6)。
经取代的单环杂环基的实例包括衍生自呈环状形式的糖类,例如,呋喃糖(C5),如阿拉伯呋喃糖、来苏呋喃糖(lyxofuranose)、呋喃核糖和呋喃木糖,和吡喃糖(C6),如别吡喃糖(allopyranose),吡喃阿卓糖(altropyranose)、吡喃葡萄糖(glucopyranose)、吡喃甘露糖(mannopyranose)、吡喃古洛糖(gulopyranose)、吡喃艾杜糖(idopyranose)、吡喃半乳糖(galactopyranose)和吡喃塔罗糖(talopyranose)中的那些。
C5-20芳基:如本文中所用的术语“C5-20芳基”涉及通过从芳香族化合物的芳香族环原子上去除氢原子所得到的一价部分,该部分具有3至20个环原子。优选地,每个环具有5至7个环原子。
关于这点,前缀(例C3-20、C5-7、C5-6等)表示环原子数或者环原子数的范围,无论是碳原子还是杂原子。例如,如本文中所用的术语“C5-6芳基”涉及具有5或6个环原子的芳基。
环原子可全部是碳原子,如在“碳芳基”中一样。
碳芳基的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的那些:苯(即苯基)(C6)、萘(C10)、薁(C10)、蒽(C14)、菲(C14)、并四苯(C18)和芘(C16)。
包含其中至少一个是芳环的稠环的芳基的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的基团:二氢茚(例如2,3-二氢-1H-茚)(C9)、茚(C9)、异茚(C9)、四氢萘(1,2,3,4-四氢化萘(C10)、苊(C12)、芴(C13)、非那烯(C13)、醋菲(C15)和醋蒽(C16)。
可选地,环原子可包括一个或多个杂原子,如在“杂芳基”中一样。单环杂芳基的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的那些:
N1:吡咯(唑)(C5)、吡啶(吖嗪)(C6);
O1:呋喃(氧杂环戊二烯)(C5);
S1:噻吩(硫杂环戊二烯)(C5);
N1O1:噁唑(C5)、异噁唑(C5)、异噁嗪(isoxazine)(C6);
N2O1:噁二唑(呋咱)(C5);
N3O1:噁三唑(C5);
N1S1:噻唑(C5)、异噻唑(C5);
N2:咪唑(1,3-二唑)(C5)、吡唑(1,2-二唑)(C5)、哒嗪(1,2-二嗪)(C6)、嘧啶(1,3-二嗪)(C6)(例如,胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)、吡嗪(1,4-二嗪)(C6);
N3:三唑(C5)、三嗪(C6);和,
N4:四唑(C5)。
包含稠环的杂芳基的实例包括但不限于:
衍生自以下的C9(具有2个稠环):苯并呋喃(O1)、异苯并呋喃(O1)、吲哚(N1)、异吲哚(N1)、中氮茚(N1)、吲哚啉(N1)、异吲哚啉(N1)、嘌呤(N4)(例如腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤)、苯并咪唑(N2)、吲唑(N2)、苯并噁唑(N1O1)、苯并异噁唑(N1O1)、苯并二氧杂环戊烯(O2)、苯并呋咱(N2O1)、苯并三唑(N3)、苯并硫代呋喃(S1)、苯并噻唑(N1S1)、苯并噻二唑(N2S);
衍生自以下的C10(具有2个稠环):色烯(O1)、异色烯(O1)、色满(O1)、异色满(O1)、苯并二噁烷(O2))、喹啉(N1)、异喹啉(N1)、喹嗪(N1)、苯并噁嗪(N1O1)、苯并二嗪(N2)、吡啶并吡啶(N2)、喹喔啉(N2)、喹唑啉(N2)、噌啉(N2)、酞嗪(N2)、萘啶(N2)、蝶啶(N4);
衍生自苯并二氮杂卓(N2)的C11(具有2个稠环);
衍生自以下的C13(具有3个稠环):咔唑(N1)、二苯呋喃(O1)、二苯并噻吩(S1)、咔啉(N2)、呸啶(perimidine)(N2)、吡啶并吲哚(N2);和,
衍生自以下的C14(具有3个稠环):吖啶(acridine)(N1)、呫吨(xanthene)(O1)、噻吨(thioxanthene)(S1)、氧杂蒽烯(oxanthrene)(O2)、吩恶噻(phenoxathiin)(O1S1)、吩嗪(phenazine)(N2)、吩噁嗪(phenoxazine)(N1O1)、吩噻嗪(phenothiazine)(N1S1)、噻蒽(thianthrene)(S2)、菲啶(phenanthridine)(N1)、菲咯啉(phenanthroline)(N2)、吩嗪(phenazine)(N2)。
上述基团,无论单独还是作为另一取代基的一部分,本身可任选地被一个或多个基团取代,所述基团选自它们自身和以下所列另外的取代基。
卤代:-F、-Cl、-Br和–I。
羟基:-OH。
醚:-OR,其中R为醚取代基,例如C1-7烷基(也称为C1-7烷氧基,如下讨论)、C3-20杂环基(也称为C3-20杂环氧基)或C5-20芳基(也称为C5-20芳氧基),优选C1-7烷基。
烷氧基:-OR,其中R为烷基,例如C1-7烷基。C1-7烷氧基的实例包括但不限于-OMe(甲氧基)、-OEt(乙氧基)、-O(nPr)(正丙氧基)、-O(iPr)(异丙氧基)、-O(nBu)(正丁氧基)、-O(sBu)(仲丁氧基)、-O(iBu)(异丁氧基)和-O(tBu)(叔丁氧基)。
缩醛:-CH(OR1)(OR2),其中R1和R2独立地为缩醛取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基,或者在“环状”缩醛基团的情况下,R1和R2连同与之连接的两个氧原子和与之连接的碳原子一起形成具有4至8个环原子的杂环。缩醛基团的实例包括但不限于-CH(OMe)2、-CH(OEt)2和-CH(OMe)(OEt)。
半缩醛:-CH(OH)(OR1),其中R1为半缩醛取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。半缩醛基团的实例包括但不限于-CH(OH)(OMe)和-CH(OH)(OEt)。
缩酮:-CR(OR1)(OR2),其中R1和R2如对缩醛的定义,并且R是除氢以外的缩酮取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。缩酮基团的实例包括但不限于-C(Me)(OMe)2、-C(Me)(OEt)2、-C(Me)(OMe)(OEt)、-C(Et)(OMe)2、-C(Et)(OEt)2和-C(Et)(OMe)(OEt)。
半缩酮:-CR(OH)(OR1),其中R1如对半缩醛的定义,且R是除氢以外的半缩酮取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。半缩醛基团的实例包括但不限于-C(Me)(OH)(OMe)、-C(Et)(OH)(OMe)、-C(Me)(OH)(OEt)和-C(Et)(OH)(OEt)。
氧代(酮基、-酮):=O。
硫酮(硫代酮):=S。
亚氨基(亚胺):=NR,其中R为亚氨基取代基,例如氢、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选氢或C1-7烷基。酯基的实例包括但不限于=NH、=NMe、=NEt和=NPh。
甲酰基(甲醛、羧醛):-C(=O)H。
酰基(酮基):-C(=O)R,其中R为酰基取代基,例如C1-7烷基(也称为C1-7烷基酰基或C1-7烷酰基)、C3-20杂环基(也称为C3-20杂环基酰基)或C5-20芳基(也称C5-20芳基酰基),优选C1-7烷基。酰基的实例包括但不限于-C(=O)CH3(乙酰基)、-C(=O)CH2CH3(丙酰基),-C(=O)C(CH3)3(叔丁酰基)和-C(=O)Ph(苯甲酰基,苯基酮)。
羧基(羧酸):-C(=O)OH。
硫代羧基(硫代羧酸):-C(=S)SH。
硫醇羧基(硫醇羧酸):-C(=O)SH。
硫酮代羧基(硫酮代羧酸):-C(=S)OH。
亚胺酸:-C(=NH)OH。
异羟肟酸:-C(=NOH)OH。
酯(羧酸酯、羧酸的酯、氧基羰基):-C(=O)OR,其中R为酯取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。酯基的实例包括但不限于-C(=O)OCH3、-C(=O)OCH2CH3、-C(=O)OC(CH3)3和-C(=O)OPh。
酰氧基(反酯):-OC(=O)R,其中R是酰氧基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。酰氧基的实例包括但不限于-OC(=O)CH3(乙酰氧基)、-OC(=O)CH2CH3、-OC(=O)C(CH3)3、-OC(=O)Ph和-OC(=O)CH2Ph。
氧基碳酰氧基:-OC(=O)OR,其中R为酯取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。酯基的实例包括但不限于-OC(=O)OCH3、-OC(=O)OCH2CH3、-OC(=O)OC(CH3)3和-OC(=O)OPh。
氨基:-NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,例如氨、C1-7烷基(也称C1-7烷基氨基或二-C1-7烷基氨基)、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选H或C1-7烷基,或者,在“环状”氨基的情况下,R1和R2连同与之连接的氮原子一起形成具有4至8个环原子的杂环。氨基可为伯氨基(-NH2)、仲氨基(-NHR1)或叔氨基(-NHR1R2),并且呈阳离子形式时,可为季氨基(-+NR1R2R3)。氨基的实例包括但不限于-NH2、-NHCH3、-NHC(CH3)2、-N(CH3)2、-N(CH2CH3)2和-NHPh。环状氨基的实例包括但不限于吖丙啶基(aziridino)、吖丁啶基(azetidino)、吡咯烷基(pyrrolidino)、哌啶基(piperidino)、哌嗪基(piperazino)、吗啉基(morpholino)和硫代吗啉基(thiomorpholino)。
酰胺基(氨基甲酰基、氨甲酰基、氨基羰基、羧酰胺):-C(=O)NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。酰胺基的实例包括但不限于-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NHCH3、-C(=O)N(CH3)2、-C(=O)NHCH2CH3和-C(=O)N(CH2CH3)2,以及这样的酰胺基,其中R1和R2连同与之连接的氮原子一起形成杂环结构,例如哌啶基羰基、吗啉代羰基、硫代吗啉代羰基和哌嗪基羰基。
硫代酰胺基(硫代氨甲酰基):-C(=S)NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。酰胺基的实例包括但不限于-C(=S)NH2、-C(=S)NHCH3、-C(=S)N(CH3)2和-C(=S)NHCH2CH3。
酰基酰胺基(酰基氨基):-NR1C(=O)R2,其中R1为酰胺取代基,例如氢、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选氢或C1-7烷基,且R2为酰基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选氢或C1-7烷基。酰基酰胺基的实例包括但不限于-NHC(=O)CH3、-NHC(=O)CH2CH3和-NHC(=O)Ph。R1和R2可一起形成环状结构,例如琥珀酰亚胺基、马来酰亚胺基和邻苯二甲酰亚胺基:
氨基羰氧基:-OC(=O)NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。氨基羰氧基的实例包括但不限于-OC(=O)NH2、-OC(=O)NHMe、-OC(=O)NMe2和-OC(=O)NEt2。
脲基(ureido):-N(R1)CONR2R3,其中R2和R3独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义,并且R1为脲基取代基,例如,氢、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选氢或C1-7烷基。脲基的实例包括但不限于,-NHCONH2、-NHCONHMe、-NHCONHEt、-NHCONMe2、-NHCONEt2、-NMeCONH2、-NMeCONHMe、-NMeCONHEt、-NMeCONMe2和-NMeCONEt2。
胍基(Guanidino):-NH-C(=NH)NH2。
四唑基:具有四个氮原子和一个碳原子的五元芳环,
亚氨基:=NR,其中R为亚氨基取代基,例如氢、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选H或C1-7烷基。亚氨基的实例包括但不限于=NH、=NMe和=NEt。
脒(脒基):-C(=NR)NR2,其中每个R均为脒取代基,例如氢、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选H或C1-7烷基。脒基团的实例包括但不限于-C(=NH)NH2、-C(=NH)NMe2和-C(=NMe)NMe2。
硝基:-NO2。
亚硝基:-NO。
叠氮基:-N3。
氰基(腈、甲腈):-CN。
异氰基:-NC。
氰酰基:-OCN。
异氰酰基:-NCO。
氰硫基(硫氰酰基):-SCN。
异硫氰基(异硫氰酰基):-NCS。
硫氢基(硫醇、巯基):-SH。
硫醚(硫化物):-SR,其中R为硫醚取代基,例如C1-7烷基(也称C1-7烷硫基)、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。C1-7烷硫基的实例包括但不限于-SCH3和-SCH2CH3。
二硫化物:-SS-R,其中R为二硫化物取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基(本文中也称为C1-7烷基二硫化物)。C1-7烷基二硫化物基团的实例包括但不限于-SSCH3和-SSCH2CH3。
锍化物(亚磺酰基、亚砜):-S(=O)R,其中R为锍化物取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。锍化物基团的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)CH3和-S(=O)CH2CH3。
砜(磺酰基):-S(=O)2R,其中R为砜取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基,包括例如氟化或全氟化C1-7烷基。砜基团的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)2CH3(甲烷磺酰基、甲磺酰基)、-S(=O)2CF3(三氟甲磺酰基)、-S(=O)2CH2CH3(乙磺酰基)、-S(=O)2C4F9(九氟丁磺酰基)、-S(=O)2CH2CF3(三氟乙磺酰基)、-S(=O)2CH2CH2NH2(牛磺酰基)、-S(=O)2Ph(苯基磺酰基、苯磺酰基)、4-甲基苯基磺酰基(甲苯磺酰基)、4-氯苯基磺酰基(氯苯磺酰基)、4-溴苯基磺酰基(对溴苯磺酰基)、4-硝基苯基(硝苯磺酰基)、2-萘磺酸酯(萘磺酰基)和5-二甲氨基-萘-1-基磺酸酯(丹磺酰基)。
亚磺酸(亚磺基):-S(=O)OH、-SO2H。
磺酸(磺基):-S(=O)2OH、-SO3H。
亚磺酸酯(亚磺酸的酯):-S(=O)OR,其中R为亚磺酸酯取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。亚磺酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)OCH3(甲氧基亚磺酰基;亚磺酸甲酯)和-S(=O)OCH2CH3(乙氧基亚磺酰基;亚磺酸乙酯)。
磺酸酯(磺酸的酯):-S(=O)2OR,其中R为磺酸酯取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。磺酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)2OCH3(甲氧基磺酰基;磺酸甲酯)和-S(=O)2OCH2CH3(乙氧基磺酰基;磺酸乙酯)。
亚磺酰氧基:-OS(=O)R,其中R为亚磺酰氧基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。亚磺酰氧基的实例包括但不限于-OS(=O)CH3和-OS(=O)CH2CH3。
磺酰氧基:-OS(=O)2R,其中R为磺酰氧基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。磺酰氧基的实例包括但不限于-OS(=O)2CH3(甲磺酸酯)和-OS(=O)2CH2CH3(乙磺酸酯)。
硫酸酯:-OS(=O)2OR,其中R为硫酸酯取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。硫酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-OS(=O)2OCH3和-SO(=O)2OCH2CH3。
氨亚磺酰基(氨基亚磺酰基;亚磺酸酰胺;亚磺酰胺):-S(=O)NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。氨亚磺酰基团的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)NH2、-S(=O)NH(CH3)、-S(=O)N(CH3)2、-S(=O)NH(CH2CH3)、-S(=O)N(CH2CH3)2和-S(=O)NHPh。
氨磺酰基(氨亚磺酰基、磺酸酰胺、磺酰胺):-S(=O)2NR1R2,其中R1和R2独立地为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。氨磺酰基的实例包括但不限于-S(=O)2NH2、-S(=O)2NH(CH3)、-S(=O)2N(CH3)2、-S(=O)2NH(CH2CH3)、-S(=O)2N(CH2CH3)2和-S(=O)2NHPh。
磺氨基:-NR1S(=O)2OH,其中R1为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义。磺氨基的实例包括但不限于-NHS(=O)2OH和-N(CH3)S(=O)2OH。
磺酰氨基:-NR1S(=O)2R,其中R1为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义,并且R为磺酰氨基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。磺酰氨基的实例包括但不限于-NHS(=O)2CH3和-N(CH3)S(=O)2C6H5。
亚磺酰氨基(sulfinamino):-NR1S(=O)R,其中R1为氨基取代基,如对氨基的定义,并且R为亚磺酰氨基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基。亚磺酰氨基的实例包括但不限于-NHS(=O)CH3和-N(CH3)S(=O)C6H5。
膦基(膦):-PR2,其中R为膦基取代基,例如-H、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。膦基的实例包括但不限于-PH2、-P(CH3)2、-P(CH2CH3)2、-P(t-Bu)2和-P(Ph)2。
磷基:-P(=O)2。
氧膦基(氧化膦):-P(=O)R2,其中R为氧膦基取代基,例如C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。氧膦基的实例包括但不限于-P(=O)(CH3)2、-P(=O)(CH2CH3)2、-P(=O)(t-Bu)2和-P(=O)(Ph)2。
膦酸(膦酰基):-P(=O)(OH)2。
膦酸酯(膦酰酯):-P(=O)(OR)2,其中R为膦酸酯取代基,例如-H、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。膦酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-P(=O)(OCH3)2、-P(=O)(OCH2CH3)2、-P(=O)(O-t-Bu)2和-P(=O)(OPh)2。
磷酸(膦酰氧基):-OP(=O)(OH)2。
磷酸酯(膦酰氧基酯):-OP(=O)(OR)2,其中R为磷酸酯取代基,例如-H、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。磷酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-OP(=O)(OCH3)2、-OP(=O)(OCH2CH3)2、-OP(=O)(O-t-Bu)2和-OP(=O)(OPh)2。
亚磷酸:-OP(OH)2。
亚磷酸酯:-OP(OR)2,其中R为亚磷酸酯取代基,例如-H、C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。亚磷酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-OP(OCH3)2、-OP(OCH2CH3)2、-OP(O-t-Bu)2和-OP(OPh)2。
亚磷酰胺:-OP(OR1)-NR2 2,其中R1和R2为亚磷酰胺取代基,例如-H、(任选取代的)C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。亚磷酰胺基团的实例包括但不限于-OP(OCH2CH3)-N(CH3)2、-OP(OCH2CH3)-N(i-Pr)2和-OP(OCH2CH2CN)-N(i-Pr)2。
氨基磷酸酯:-OP(=O)(OR1)-NR2 2,其中R1和R2为氨基磷酸酯取代基,例如-H、(任选取代的)C1-7烷基、C3-20杂环基或C5-20芳基,优选-H、C1-7烷基或C5-20芳基。氨基磷酸酯基团的实例包括但不限于-OP(=O)(OCH2CH3)-N(CH3)2、-OP(=O)(OCH2CH3)-N(i-Pr)2和-OP(=O)(OCH2CH2CN)-N(i-Pr)2。
亚烷基
C3-12亚烷基:如本文中所用的术语“C3-12亚烷基”涉及通过从具有3至12个碳原子(除非另有说明)的烃化合物的同一碳原子上去除两个氢原子或者从两个不同碳原子各去除一个氢原子所得到的双齿合物部分,其可为脂肪族或脂环族,并且可以是饱和的、部分不饱和的或完全不饱和的。因此,术语“亚烷基”包括如下讨论的亚类亚烯基、亚炔基、亚环烷基等。
直链饱和C3-12亚烷基的实例包括但不限于-(CH2)n-,其中n为3至12的整数,例如-CH2CH2CH2-(亚丙基)、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-(亚丁基)、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-(亚戊基)和-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-(亚庚基)。
支链饱和C3-12亚烷基的实例包括但不限于-CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH3)CH2-和-CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2-。
直链部分不饱和C3-12亚烷基(C3-12亚烯基和亚炔基)的实例包括但不限于-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH=CH-、-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-、-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-和-CH2-C≡C-CH2-。
支链部分不饱和C3-12亚烷基(C3-12亚烯基和亚炔基)的实例包括但不限于-C(CH3)=CH-、-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-和-C≡C-CH(CH3)-。
脂环族饱和C3-12亚烷基(C3-12亚环烷基)的实例包括但不限于亚环戊基(例如亚环戊-1,3-基)和亚环己基(例如亚环己-1,4-基)。
脂环族部分不饱和C3-12亚烷基(C3-12亚环烷基)的实例包括但不限于亚环戊烯基(例如4-亚环戊烯-1,3-基)、亚环己烯基(例如2-亚环己烯-1,4-基;3-亚环己烯-1,2-基;2,5-亚环己二烯-1,4-基)。
包括其它形式
除非另有说明,在上述中包括的是这些取代基的公知离子、盐、溶剂化物和受保护的形式。例如,提及羧酸(-COOH),也包括其阴离子(羧酸根)形式(-COO-)、其盐或溶剂化物以及常规的受保护形式。类似地,提及氨基,包括氨基的质子化形式(-N+HR1R2)、盐或溶剂化物(例如,盐酸盐)以及氨基的常规受保护形式。类似地,提及羟基,也包括其阴离子形式(-O-)、盐或溶剂化物以及常规的受保护形式。
盐
可方便地或令人希望地制备、纯化和/或处理所述药物接头化合物的相应盐,例如药学上可接受的盐。药学上可接受盐的实例在Berge等,J.Pharm.Sci.,66,1-19(1977)中有讨论。
例如,如果化合物为阴离子型,或者具有可能为阴离子型的官能团(例如,-COOH可为-COO-),则可与合适的阳离子形成盐。合适的无机阳离子的实例包括但不限于碱金属离子(如Na+和K+)、碱土金属阳离子(如Ca2+和Mg2+)和其它阳离子(如Al+3)。合适的有机阳离子的实例包括但不限于铵离子(即NH4 +)和经取代的铵离子(例如,NH3R+、NH2R2 +、NHR3 +、NR4 +)。一些合适的经取代的铵离子的实例是衍生自以下的那些:乙胺、二乙胺、二环己胺、三乙胺、丁胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪、苄胺、苯基苄胺、胆碱、葡甲胺和缓血酸胺,以及氨基酸如赖氨酸和精氨酸。常见的季铵离子的实例是N(CH3)4 +。
如果化合物为阳离子型,或者具有可为阳离子型的官能团(例如-NH2可为-NH3 +),则可与合适的阴离子形成盐。合适的无机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下无机酸的那些:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸和亚磷酸。
合适的有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下有机酸的那些:2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、依地酸、乙二磺酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、羟基马来酸、羟基萘羧酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、粘液酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、帕莫酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、苯磺酸、丙酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、对氨基苯磺酸(sulfanilic)、酒石酸、甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸和戊酸。合适的聚合有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下聚合酸的那些:丹宁酸、羧甲基纤维素。
溶剂化物
可方便地或令人希望地制备、纯化和/或处理药物接头化合物的相应溶剂化物。术语“溶剂化物”在本文中在常规意义上用于指溶质(例如,活性化合物、活性化合物的盐)与溶剂的复合物。如果溶剂是水,溶剂化物可方便地称为水合物,例如一水合物、二水合物、三水合物等。
本发明包括这样的化合物,其中溶剂跨过下面说明的PBD部分的亚胺键添加,其中该溶剂为水或醇(RAOH,其中RA为C1-4烷基):
这些形式可以称为PBD的甲醇胺和甲醇胺醚形式(如以上涉及R10的部分中所描述的)。这些等式的平衡依赖于化合物存在的条件以及该部分本身的属性。
这些特定化合物可以例如通过冻干法分离为固体形式。
异构体
本发明的某些化合物可能存在一种或多种特定的几何异构、光学异构、对映异构、非对映异构、差向异构、阻转异构、立体异构、互变异构、构象异构或端基异构形式,包括但不限于顺式-和反式-形式;E-和Z-形式;c-、t-和r-形式;内-和外-形式;R-、S-和内消旋-形式;D-和L-形式;d-和l-形式;(+)和(-)形式;酮、烯醇和烯醇化物形式;顺(syn-)和反(anti-)形式;向斜-和背斜-形式;α-和β-形式;轴向和赤道形式;船、椅、扭曲、封套和半椅形式;及其组合,下文统称为“异构体”(或“异构形式”)。
术语“手性”是指具有镜像配偶体的非重叠性能的分子,而术语“非手性”是指与它们的镜像配偶体可重叠的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同的化学结构,但原子或基团在空间上的排列不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”是指具有两个或更多个手性中心且分子不是彼此镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,例如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体的混合物可在高分辨率分析操作(如电泳和色谱)下分离。
“对映异构体”是指彼此为非重叠镜像的化合物的两种立体异构体。
本文使用的立体化学定义和常规通常遵循S.P.Parker编辑,McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York;及Eliel,E.和Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork,1994。本发明的化合物可含有非对称或手性中心,并且因此可呈不同的立体异构形式存在。预期本发明化合物的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体及其混合物(如外消旋混合物),形成本发明的一部分。许多有机化合物呈旋光形式存在,即它们具有旋转平面偏振光的平面的能力。在描述旋光化合物时,使用前缀D和L或R和S表示分子绕其手性中心的绝对构型。采用前缀d和l或(+)和(-)指示化合物的平面偏振光的旋转符号,(-)或l意指化合物为左旋。具有前缀(+)或d的化合物为右旋。对于给定的化学结构,除了它们是彼此的镜像外,这些立体异构体是相同的。具体的立体异构体还可称为对映异构体,且此类异构体的混合物经常称为对映异构体混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋物,其可在化学反应或过程中没有立体选择性或立体特异性时出现。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋物”是指两种对映异构体物质的等摩尔混合物,缺乏旋光性。
需要注意的是,除了下面针对互变异构形式的讨论外,特别地从本文所用的术语“异构体”中排除在外的是结构(或构造)异构体(即在原子之间的连接上,而不仅仅是原子在空间上的位置上不同的异构体)。例如,提及甲氧基-OCH3时,不应解释为提及其结构异构体,羟甲基-CH2OH。类似地,提及邻-氯苯基时,不应解释为提及其结构异构体,间-氯苯基。然而,提及一类结构时完全可包括属于该类的结构异构形式(例如,C1-7烷基包括正丙基和异丙基;丁基包括正-、异-、仲-与叔-丁基;甲氧基苯基包括邻-、间-和对-甲氧基苯基)。
上述排除不涉及互变异构形式,例如酮-、烯醇-与烯醇化物-形式,例如在以下互变异构对中一样:酮/烯醇(下面有说明)、亚胺/烯胺、酰胺/亚氨基醇、脒(amidine)/脒、亚硝基/肟、硫酮/烯硫醇、N-亚硝基/羟基偶氮和硝基/酸式硝基。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指不同能量的结构异构体,它们可经由较低的能量势垒相互转化。例如,质子互变异构体(也称为质子转移互变异构体)包括经由质子迁移的相互转化,如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。化合价互变异构体包括通过一些价电子重组的相互转化。
需要注意的是,在术语“异构体”中特别包括具有一个或多个同位素取代的化合物。例如,H可呈任何同位素形式,包括1H、2H(D)和3H(T);C可呈任何同位素形式,包括12C、13C和14C;O可呈任何同位素形式,包括16O和18O;等等。
可掺入到本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,例如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl和125I。本发明各种同位素标记的化合物,例如向其中掺入了放射性同位素(如3H、13C和14C)的那些。此类同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术,如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT),包括药物或底物组织分布测定,或在对患者的放射性治疗中。涉及分布、代谢和排泄(ADME),本发明氘标记或取代的治疗性化合物可具有改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药代动力学)性质。用较重的同位素如氘取代可产生某些由更高代谢稳定性产生的治疗优势,例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求减少。18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。本发明同位素标记的化合物及其前药通常可通过进行在下面所描述的方案或实施例以及制备中所公开的操作,通过用易于取得的同位素标记的试剂代替非同位素标记的试剂来制备。进一步地,用较重的同位素,尤其是氘(即,2H或D)取代可产生由更高的代谢稳定性引起的某些治疗优势,例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求减少或治疗指数改善。应该理解的是,在这种情况下将氘视为取代基。此类较重的同位素(特别是氘)的浓度,可由同位素富集因子限定。在本发明的化合物中,并未具体指定为特定同位素的任何原子意为代表该原子的任何稳定的同位素。
除非另有说明,否则提及特定化合物,包括所有此类异构形式,包括其(完全或部分)外消旋混合物及其它混合物。此类异构形式的制备(例如不对称合成)和分离(例如分步结晶和色谱方式)的方法是本领域已知的或者易于通过以已知方式调整本文所教导的方法或已知方法而获得。
式I的示例性药物接头化合物包括:
生物活性
体外细胞增殖测定
通常,抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的细胞毒性或细胞抑制活性通过以下测量:在细胞培养基中使具有受体蛋白质(例如HER2)的哺乳动物细胞暴露于ADC的抗体;培养细胞约6小时至约5天的时间;并测量细胞活力。基于细胞的体外测定用于测量本发明ADC的活力(增殖)、细胞毒性和调亡诱导(半胱天冬酶激活)。
抗体-药物偶联物的体外效力可以通过细胞增殖测定来测量。发光细胞活力检测是市售的(Promega Corp.,Madison,WI),基于鞘翅目荧光素酶的重组表达的均相测定方法(美国专利第5583024、5674713和5700670号)。这种细胞增殖测定基于对存在的ATP(一种代谢活性细胞的指示物)的定量来确定培养物中活细胞的数量(Crouch等(1993)J.Immunol.Meth.160:81-88;US 6602677)。测定在96孔板中进行,使其易于自动化高通量筛选(HTS)(Cree等(1995)AntiCancer Drugs 6:398-404)。均相测定操作涉及将单一试剂(试剂)直接添加至在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞中。不需要细胞洗涂、去除培养基及多个移液步骤。在添加试剂并混合后10分钟内在384孔形式中,该系统检测出低至15个细胞/孔。细胞可用ADC连续处理,或者可对其进行处理并与ADC分离。通常,短暂处理(即3个小时)的细胞显示与连续处理的细胞相同的效力。
均一的“添加-混合-测量”形式导致细胞溶解并产生与存在的ATP的量成正比的发光信号。ATP的量直接与培养物中存在的细胞数量成正比。测定产生“辉光型”发光信号,其由荧光素酶反应产生,根据细胞类型和所使用的培养基,其具有通常大于五小时的半衰期。活细胞以相对发光单位(RLU)来反映。底物(甲虫荧光素)通过重组萤火虫荧光素酶氧化脱羧,伴随ATP转化为AMP并产生光子。
体内功效
本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的体内功效可以通过在小鼠中的肿瘤异种移植研究来测量。例如,本发明的抗-HER2ADC的体内功效可以通过高表达HER2转基因外植体小鼠模型来测量。同种异体移植物从对疗法没有反应或反应较差的Fo5mmtv转基因小鼠增殖。在某些剂量水平(mg/kg)和PBD药物暴露(μg/m2)下用ADC治疗受试者一次;并使用安慰剂缓冲液对照(媒介物),并且监测两周或更长时间以测量至肿瘤体积倍增、细胞杀伤对数值(log cell kill)和肿瘤收缩的时间。
用途
本文描述的偶联物可用于在靶位置提供PBD化合物。
所述靶位置优选为增殖细胞群。抗体是针对存在于增殖细胞群中的抗原的抗体。
在一个实施方案中,与存在于增殖细胞群(例如肿瘤细胞群)中的抗原的量相比,该抗原在非增殖细胞群中不存在或以更低的水平存在。
接头可被靶位置存在的酶裂解。
靶位置可为体外、体内或活体外。
本文描述的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)化合物包括具有用于抗癌活性的实用性的那些。尤其是,该化合物包括偶联的抗体,即通过接头共价连接到PBD药物部分(即毒素)。当药物未偶联至抗体时,PBD药物具有细胞毒性作用。PBD药物部分的生物活性因而通过与抗体的偶联受到调节。本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)选择性地将有效剂量的细胞毒性剂递送至肿瘤组织,由此可实现更高的选择性,即更低的有效剂量。
因此,本文描述了用于治疗的偶联化合物。
本文还描述了用于治疗增殖疾病的偶联化合物。本文还描述了偶联化合物在生产用于治疗增殖疾病的药剂中的用途。
本领域的普通技术人员能够很容易地确定候选偶联物是否能够治疗任何特定细胞类型的增殖病状。例如,可方便地用于评估由特定化合物提供的活性的测定在下面的实施例中有描述。
术语“增殖疾病”涉及无论是在体外或体内,不希望的过多或异常细胞不必要或失控的细胞增殖,如肿瘤或增殖生长。
增殖病状的实例包括但不限于良性、恶性前和恶性细胞增殖,包括但不限于赘生物和肿瘤(例如组织细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、骨瘤)、癌症(例如肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃肠癌、肠癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌,睾丸癌、肝癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、卡波西肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、黑素瘤)、白血病、银屑病、骨疾病、纤维性增殖疾病(例如结缔组织的)及动脉粥样硬化。特别令人感兴趣的癌症包括但不限于白血病和卵巢癌。
可治疗任何类型的细胞,包括但不限于肺、胃肠(包括例如肠、结肠)、乳腺(乳房)、卵巢、前列腺、肝(肝脏)、肾(肾脏)、膀胱、胰腺、脑和皮肤。
在一个实施方案中,治疗是针对胰腺癌。
在一个实施方案中,治疗是针对在细胞表面上具有ανβ6整联蛋白的肿瘤。
考虑到本文描述的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)可用于治疗各种疾病或病症,例如特征在于肿瘤抗原过表达的疾病或病症。示例性疾患或过度增殖病症包括良性或恶性肿瘤;白血病、血液恶性肿瘤和淋巴性恶性肿瘤。其它包括神经元疾病、神经胶质疾病、星形胶质细胞疾病、下丘脑疾病、腺体疾病、巨噬细胞疾病、上皮疾病、间质疾病、囊胚腔疾病、炎性疾病、血管生成疾病和免疫学疾病(包括自身免疫病症)。
通常,待治疗的疾病或病症是过度增殖疾病,如癌症。本文中,待治疗的癌症的实例治疗包括但不限于癌瘤(carcinoma)、淋巴瘤、胚细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病或淋巴性恶性肿瘤。此类癌症更具体的实例包括鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌)、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺部腺癌和肺部鳞癌)、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌(gastric cancer)或胃部癌(stomach cancer)(包括胃肠癌)、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝细胞瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌或肾脏癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌、肛口癌、阴茎癌以及头颈癌。
可使用ADC化合物治疗的自身免疫性性疾病包括风湿病学病症(例如,类风湿性关节炎、干燥综合征(syndrome)、硬皮病、狼疮(如SLE和狼疮性肾炎)、多肌炎/皮肌炎、冷球蛋白血症、抗磷脂抗体综合征和牛皮癖关节炎)、骨关节炎、自身免疫性胃肠和肝脏病症(例如,炎症性肠病(例如溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病(Crohn's disease))、自身免疫性胃炎和恶性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬变、原发性硬化性胆管炎和乳糜泻)、脉管炎(例如,ANCA相关脉管炎,包括丘-施二氏血管炎(Churg-Strauss vasculitis)、韦格纳肉芽肿(Wegener's granulomatosis)和多动脉炎)、自身免疫性神经病症(例如,多发性硬化、眼阵挛-肌阵挛综合征、重症肌无力、视神经脊髓炎、帕金森氏病(Parkinson’sdisease)、阿尔茨海默氏症(Alzheimer’s disease)和自身免疫性多神经病)、肾脏疾病(例如,肾小球肾炎、古德帕斯丘综合征(Goodpasture’s syndrome)和柏格尔病(Berger’sdisease))、自身免疫性皮肤病(例如,银屑病、荨麻疹、麻疹、寻常型天疱疮、大疱性类天疱疮和皮肤红斑狼疮)、血液学病症病(例如,血小板减少性紫癜、血栓形成血小板减少性紫癜、输血后紫癜和自身免疫性溶血性贫血)、动脉粥样硬化、葡萄膜炎、自身免疫性听力疾病(例如,内耳疾病和听力丧失)、贝塞特氏病(Behcet's disease)、雷诺氏综合征(Raynaud'ssyndrome)、器官移植和自身免疫性内分泌失调(例如,糖尿病相关的自身免疫性疾病,如胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(IDDM)、爱迪生氏病(Addison’s disease)和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(例如格雷夫斯病(Graves’disease)和甲状腺炎))。更优选的此类疾病包括,例如,类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、ANCA相关脉管炎、狼疮、多发性硬化、干燥综合征、格雷夫斯病、IDDM、恶性贫血、甲状腺炎和肾小球肾炎。
治疗方法
本文描述的偶联物可在治疗方法中使用。还提供了一种治疗方法,其包括向需要治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的本文描述的偶联化合物。术语“治疗有效量”是足以显示对患者有益的量。此类益处可以是至少缓解至少一种症状。实际施用的量及施用速率和时程将取决于所治疗的疾病的性质和严重程度。治疗处方(例如对剂量的决定)属于全科医生和其它医生的责任范围。
化合物可单独施用或与其它治疗组合,同时施用或顺序施用,这取决于待治疗的病状。治疗和疗法的实例包括但不限于化学疗法(施用活性剂,包括药物如化疗剂);手术;和放射疗法。
“化疗剂”是用于治疗癌症的化学化合物,与作用机制无关。化疗剂的类别包括但不限于:烷化剂、抗代谢药、纺锤体毒植物生物碱、细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗体、光敏剂和激酶抑制剂。化疗剂包括用于“靶向治疗”和常规化学疗法的化合物。
化疗剂的实例包括:厄洛替尼(erlotinib)(Genentech/OSIPharm.)、多西他赛(docetaxel)(Sanofi-Aventis)、5-FU(氟尿嘧啶、5-氟尿嘧啶、CAS编号51-21-8)、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)(Lilly)、PD-0325901(CAS编号391210-10-9,Pfizer)、顺铂(顺-二胺、二氯铂(II),CAS编号15663-27-1)、卡铂(CAS编号41575-94-4)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(Bristol-Myers SquibbOncology,Princeton,N.J.)、曲妥珠单抗(Genentech)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)(4-甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,6,8-五氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-2,7,9-三烯-9-羧酰胺,CAS编号85622-93-1,Schering Plough)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基乙胺,)和多柔比星(doxorubicin)Akti-1/2、HPPD及雷帕霉素(rapamycin)。
化疗剂的更多实例包括:奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)(Sanofi)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)(Millennium Pharm.)、舒尼替尼(sutent)(SU11248,Pfizer)、来曲唑(letrozole)(Novartis)、甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate)(Novartis)、XL-518(Mek抑制剂,Exelixis,WO2007/044515)、ARRY-886(Mek抑制剂,AZD6244,Array BioPharma,Astra Zeneca)、SF-1126(PI3K抑制剂,Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、BEZ-235(PI3K抑制剂,Novartis)、XL-147(PI3K抑制剂,Exelixis)、PTK787/ZK 222584(Novadis)、氟维司群(fulvestrant)(AstraZeneca)、甲酰四氢叶酸(亚叶酸)、雷帕霉素(西罗莫司(sirolimus),Wyeth)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(GSK572016,Glaxo SmithKline)、洛那法尼(lonafarnib)(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,Schering Plough)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)(BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)(AstraZeneca)、伊立替康(irinotecan)(CPT-11,Pfizer)、替吡法尼(tipifarnib)(ZARNESTRATM,Johnson&Johnson)、ABRAXANETM(不含克列莫佛(Cremophor)、紫杉醇的白蛋白工程化纳米颗粒制剂(American PharmaceuticalPartners,Schaumberg,Il)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)(rINN,ZD6474,AstraZeneca)、苯丁酸氮芥(chloranmbucil)、AG1478、AG1571(SU 5271;Sugen)、替西罗莫司(temsirolimus)(Wyeth)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)(GlaxoSmithKline)、坎磷酰胺(canfosfamide)(Telik)、噻替派(thiotepa)和环磷酰胺磺酸烷基酯类如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶类如苯佐替派(benzodopa)、卡波酿(carboquone)、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替派(uredopa);乙烯亚胺类和甲基蜜胺类(methylamelamines),包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三亚乙基蜜胺、三亚乙基磷酰胺、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺和三羟甲基密胺;多聚乙酰(尤其是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(camptothecin)(包括合成类似物拓扑替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);海绵他汀(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);隐藻素类(cryptophycins)(特别是隐藻素1和隐藻素8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);多卡米星(duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物,KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵抑制素;氮芥类,如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、氯代磷酰胺、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、氧化氮芥盐酸盐、美法仑(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);亚硝基脲类(nitrosoureas)如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲霉素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素类,如烯二炔类(enediyne)抗生素(例如加利车霉素(calicheamicin),加利车霉素γ1I和加利车霉素ωI1(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.(1994)33:183-186);达内霉素(dynemicin),包括达内霉素A;二膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates),如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯波霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)生色团和相关色素蛋白烯二炔类抗生素生色团)、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysins)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、氨茴霉素(authramycin)、偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycins)、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡柔比星(carabicin)、洋红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycinis)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、吗啉代多柔比星(morpholino-doxorubicin)、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、2-吡咯啉-多柔比星(2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin)和脱氧多柔比星(deoxydoxorubicin))、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素类(mitomycins)如丝裂霉素C、霉酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、诺拉霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycins)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、紫菜霉素(porfiromycin)、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑霉素(streptonigrin)、链佐星(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢物类,如甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-疏基嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物,如环胞苷(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮杂尿苷(azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素类,如卡鲁睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolonepropionate)、环硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺类,如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,如亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷、氨基乙酰丙酸;恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);依氟鸟氨酸(elfornithine);依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃博霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸嫁;羟基脲;香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidainine);美登木素生物碱(maytansinoids),如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素(ansamitocins);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌达醇(mopidanmol);尼曲吖啶(nitraerine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);蛋氨氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼曰酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);多糖复合物(JHS天然产物,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);利索新(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯(trichothecenes)(尤其是T-2毒素、韦拉库林A(verracurin A)、杆孢菌素A(roridin A)及蛇形菌(anguidine));乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露醇氮芥(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(arabinoside)(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide);噻替派;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物,如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨诺肖灵(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依达曲沙;道诺霉素(daunomycin);氨基蝶呤;卡培他滨(capecitabine)(Roche);伊班膦酸盐(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);类维生素A,如维甲酸;及上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
在“化疗剂”的定义中还包括:(i)起作用以调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用的抗激素剂,如抗雌激素和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬(包括柠檬酸他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、盐酸雷洛昔芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)和(柠檬酸托瑞米芬(toremifine));(ii)抑制芳香酶的芳香酶抑制剂,其调节肾上腺中的雌激素产生,例如,4(5)-咪唑、氨鲁米特、(醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate))、(依西美坦(exemestane);Pfizer)、福美坦(formestanie)、法屈唑(fadrozole)、(伏罗唑(vorozole))、(来曲唑;Novartis)和(阿那曲唑;AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素类,如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)和戈舍瑞林(goserelin);以及曲沙他滨(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊环核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)蛋白激酶抑制剂,如MEK抑制剂(WO 2007/044515);(v)脂质激酶抑制剂;(vi)反义寡核苷酸,尤其是抑制牵涉异常细胞增殖的信号通路中的基因表达的那些,例如,PKC-α、Raf和H-Ras,如oblimersen(Genta Inc.);(vii)核酶,如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗,如基因治疗疫苗,例如和rIL-2;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂,如rmRH;(ix)抗血管生成剂,如贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)(Genentech);及上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
在“化疗剂”的定义中还包括治疗性抗体,如阿仑珠单抗(alemtuzumab)(Campath)、贝伐单抗(Genentech)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)(Imclone)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)(Amgen)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)(Genentech/Biogen Idec)、帕妥珠单抗(OMNITARGTM,2C4,Genentech)、曲妥珠单抗(Genentech)、托西莫单抗(tositumomab)(Bexxar,Corixia)和抗体药物偶联物,吉妥珠单抗奥唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(Wyeth)。
具有与本发明的偶联物组合作为化疗剂的治疗潜力的人源化单克隆抗体包括:阿仑珠单抗、阿泊珠单抗(apolizumab)、阿塞珠单抗(aselizumab)、那他珠单抗(atlizumab)、巴匹珠单抗(bapineuzumab)、贝伐单抗、莫-比伐单抗(bivatuzumab mertansine)、莫-坎妥珠单抗(cantuzumab mertansine)、西利珠单抗(cedelizumab)、赛妥珠单抗(certolizumabpegol)、cidfusituzumab、cidtuzumab、达利珠单抗(daclizumab)、依库珠单抗(eculizumab)、依法利珠单抗(efalizumab)、依帕珠单抗(epratuzumab)、厄利珠单抗(erlizumab)、非维珠单抗(felvizumab)、芳妥珠单抗(fontolizumab)、吉妥珠单抗奥唑米星、伊珠单抗(inotuzumab)奥唑米星、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、拉贝珠单抗(labetuzumab)、林妥珠单抗(lintuzumab)、马妥珠单抗(matuzumab)、美泊珠单抗(mepolizumab)、莫维珠单抗(motavizumab)、motovizumab、那他珠单抗(natalizumab)、尼妥珠单抗(nimotuzumab)、nolovizumab、numavizumab、奥瑞珠单抗(ocrelizumab)、奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)、帕利珠单抗(palivizumab)、帕考珠单抗(pascolizumab)、pecfusituzumab、pectuzumab、帕妥珠单抗、培克珠单抗(pexelizumab)、ralivizumab、兰尼单抗(ranibizumab)、reslivizumab、瑞利珠单抗(reslizumab)、resyvizumab、罗维珠单抗(rovelizumab)、鲁利单抗(ruplizumab)、西罗珠单抗(sibrotuzumab)、西利珠单抗(siplizumab)、松妥珠单抗(sontuzumab)、他珠单抗(tacatuzumab tetraxetan)、他度珠单抗(tadocizumab)、他利珠单抗(talizumab)、替非珠单抗(tefibazumab)、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)、托利珠单抗(toralizumab)、曲妥珠单抗、西莫白介素单抗(tucotuzumab celmoleukin)、tucusituzumab、umavizumab、乌珠单抗(urtoxazumab)和维西珠单抗(visilizumab)。
本文描述的以及如本文所述进行使用的药物组合物除了所述活性成分(即偶联化合物)之外,还可包含药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体、缓冲剂、稳定剂或本领域技术人员众所周知的其它材料。此类材料应无毒并且不应干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其它材料的确切性质将取决于施用途径,所述施用途径可以是口服或通过注射(例如皮肤、皮下或静脉内)。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可呈片剂、胶囊、粉末或液体形式。片剂可包含固体载体或佐剂。液体药物组合物通常包含液体载体,如水、石油、动物或植物油、矿物油或合成油。可包括生理盐水溶液、右旋糖或其它糖类溶液或二醇类(如乙二醇、丙二醇或聚乙二醇)。胶囊可包含固体载体如明胶。
对于静脉、皮肤或皮下注射,或在患病部位的注射,所述活性成分将呈肠胃外可接受的水溶液的形式,该水溶液是无热原的并且具有合适的pH、等渗性和稳定性。本领域相关技术人员完全能够使用,例如等渗媒介物如氯化钠注射液、林格氏注射液(Ringer'sInjection)、乳酸化林格氏注射液制备合适的溶液。根据需要可包括防腐剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂和/或其它添加剂。
配制剂
虽然可以单独使用(如施用)所述偶联化合物,但常常优选使其作为组合物或配制剂呈现。
在一个实施方案中,所述组合物是包含如本文所描述的偶联化合物及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物(例如配制剂、制剂、药剂)。
在一个实施方案中,所述组合物是包含至少一种如本文所描述的偶联化合物连同一种或多种本领域技术人员熟知的其它药学上可接受的成分的药物组合物,这些成分包括但不限于药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂、佐剂、填充剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂(例如湿润剂)、掩蔽剂、着色剂、调味剂和甜味剂。
在一个实施方案中,组合物还包含其它活性剂,例如,其它治疗性或预防性试剂。
合适的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等可在标准药物文本中找到。参见,例如,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives,第2版(编辑M.Ash和I.Ash),2001(Synapse InformationResources,Inc.,Endicott,New York,USA),Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第20版,Lippincott出版,Williams&Wilkins,2000;及Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,第2版,1994。
本文还描述了制备药物组合物的方法,其包括混合至少一种如本文所定义的[11C]-放射标记的偶联物或偶联物样化合物连同一种或多种本领域技术人员熟知的其它药学上可接受的成分,例如载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等。如果配制成离散单位(例如片剂等),每个单位含有预定量(剂量)的活性化合物。
如本文中所用的术语“药学上可接受的”涉及在合理的医疗判断范围内适于接触所讨论的受试者(如人)的组织使用,而没有过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其它问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比率相称的化合物、成分、材料、组合物、剂型等。每种载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等还必须在与配制剂的其它成分相容的意义上是“可接受的”。
配制剂可通过制药领域中已知的任何方法来制备。此类方法包括使活性化合物与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体缔合的步骤。通常,配制剂通过使活性化合物与载体(例如液体载体、细分的固体载体等)均匀并紧密地缔合,然后在必要时使产品成型而制备。
可制备配制剂以提供快速或缓慢释放;即时、延时、定时或持续释放;或其组合。
适合胃肠外施用(例如通过注射)的配制剂,包括水性或非水性的、等渗、无热原、无菌的液体(例如溶液、混悬液),其中活性成分是溶解的、悬浮的或以其它方式提供的(例如在脂质体或其它微粒中)。此类液体可另外含有其它药学上可接受的成分,如使制剂与预期接受者的血液(或其它有关体液)等渗的抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、抑菌剂、助悬剂、增稠剂及溶质。赋形剂的实例包括,例如水、醇类、多元醇类、甘油、植物油等。用于此类配制剂中的合适等渗载体的实例包括氯化钠注射液、林格氏溶液或乳酸化林格氏注射液。通常,液体中活性成分的浓度为约1ng/ml至约10μg/ml,例如约10ng/ml至约1μg/ml。配制剂可于单位剂量或多剂量的密封容器,例如安瓿和小瓶中呈现,并且可存储在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下,仅需在使用之前立即添加无菌液体载体,例如注射用水。临时注射溶液剂和混悬剂可由无菌粉剂、颗粒剂和片剂制备。
剂量
本领域技术人员将理解,偶联化合物及包含所述偶联化合物的组合物的适当剂量在患者之间可以变化。确定最佳剂量通常将涉及治疗益处的水平与任何风险或有害副作用的平衡。所选剂量水平将取决于各种因素,包括但不限于特定化合物的活性、施用途径、施用时间、化合物的排泄速率、治疗持续时间、组合使用的其它药物、化合物和/或材料、病状的严重程度及患者的种族、性别、年龄、体重、病情、健康状况和既往病史。虽然通常选择剂量以达到作用部位的局部浓度,在不引起实质有害的或有毒的副作用的情况下产生希望的效果,但是化合物的量和施用途径最终将由医生、兽医或临床医师来判断。
在整个治疗过程中施用可以一个剂量,连续地或间断地(例如,以适当间隔的分剂量)实现。确定最有效的施用方式和剂量的方法对于本领域的技术人员是熟知的并将随用于治疗的配制剂、治疗目的、治疗的靶细胞及治疗的受试者而变化。可以进行单次或多次施用,而剂量水平和模式由治疗医生、兽医或临床医师选择。
一般而言,活性化合物的合适剂量在每天受试者的每千克体重约100ng至约25mg的范围内(更典型地约1μg至约10mg)。在活性化合物为盐、酯、酰胺、前药等时,施用的量基于母体化合物计算并且因此要使用的实际重量会成比例地增加。
在一个实施方案中,根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用所述活性化合物:约100mg,每天3次。
在一个实施方案中,根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用所述活性化合物:约150mg,每天2次。
在一个实施方案中,根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用所述活性化合物:约200mg,每天2次。
然而在一个实施方案中,根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用所述偶联化合物:约50或约75mg,每天3或4次。
在一个实施方案中,根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用所述偶联化合物:约100或约125mg,每天2次。
以上描述的剂量可适用于偶联物(包括PBD部分和与抗体的接头)或所提供的PBD化合物的有效量,例如在接头裂解后可释放的化合物的量。
对于疾病的预防或治疗,本发明的ADC的适当剂量将取决于如以上所定义的待治疗的疾病类型、疾病严重程度和病程、施用分子是为了预防性还是治疗性的目的、先前疗法、患者临床病史和对抗体的反应及主治医师的判断。所述分子适当地一次性或通过一系列治疗而施用给患者。根据疾病的类型和严重程度,约1μg/kg至15mg/kg(例如0.1-20mg/kg)的分子为向患者施用的最初候选剂量,无论例如通过一次或多次单独施用,还是通过连续输注。典型日剂量可能范围为约化1μg/kg至100mg/kg或更高,这取决于以上所提及的因素。要施用给患者的ADC的示例性剂量在约0.1至约10mg/kg患者体重的范围内。对于几天或更长时间重复施用,根据病状,维持治疗直至发生对疾病症状的所需抑制。示例性给药方案包括施用约4mg/kg的初始负载剂量,之后每周、每两周或每三周施用额外剂量的ADC的过程。其它剂量方案也可用。这种治疗的进展容易通过常规技术和测定来监测。
治疗
在治疗病状的上下文中如本文中所用的术语“治疗”通常涉及治疗和疗法,无论是人还是动物(例如在兽医应用中),其中实现了一些所需治疗效果,例如,抑制病状进展,并且包括进展速率的减缓、进展速率的停止、病状的消退、病状的改善及病状的治愈。还包括作为预防措施(即预防、防止)的治疗。
如本文中所用的术语“治疗有效量”涉及活性化合物,或包含活性化合物的材料、组合物或剂型的量,在根据所需治疗方案施用时,其有效地产生一些所需治疗效果,与合理的利益/风险比率相称。
类似地,如本文中所用的术语“预防有效量”涉及活性化合物,或包含活性化合物的材料、组合物或剂型的量,在根据所需治疗方案施用时,其有效地产生一些所需预防效果,与合理的利益/风险比率相称。
抗体药物偶联物的制备
本发明的第二方面涉及一种制备偶联物的方法,其包括使细胞结合剂与本发明的药物接头化合物,如式I化合物反应的步骤。
抗体药物偶联物可采用本领域技术人员已知的有机化学反应、条件和试剂,通过几种途径来制备,包括:(1)使抗体的亲核基团与二价接头试剂反应,以经由共价键形成抗体-接头中间体Ab-L,接着与活化药物部分试剂反应;及(2)使药物部分试剂与接头试剂反应,以经由共价键形成药物-接头试剂D-L,接着与抗体的亲核基团反应。根据本发明,偶联方法(2)可与各种抗体和接头一起采用以制备本文描述的抗体-药物偶联物。
抗体上的亲核基团包括但不限于侧链巯基,例如半胱氨酸。巯基是亲核性的并且能够与接头部分上的亲电子基团(如本发明所述的那些)反应形成共价键。某些抗体具有可还原的链间二硫键,即半胱氨酸桥。通过用还原剂如DTT(Cleland试剂,二硫苏糖醇)或TCEP(三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐处理可使得抗体变得对于与接头试剂的偶联有反应性;Getz等(1999)Anal.Biochem.第273:73-80卷;Soltec Ventures,Beverly,MA)。理论上,每个半胱氨酸二硫桥将因此形成两个反应性巯基亲核体。另外的亲核基团可以通过赖氨酸与2-亚氨基硫杂环戊烷(Traut试剂)反应导致胺转化为巯基而引入至抗体中。
合成
式VIII的二聚体中间体的一种可能合成途径如下所示:
在以上方案中,RL表示:
一般而言,关于它们的N10-C11键,非对称二聚体可通过用一个当量的市售(或容易制备)的氯甲酸酯试剂处理式IV的二氨基化合物从而打破分子的对称性来制备。然后可以独立地将剩余游离胺官能团化以引入连接基团前体(RL)。进行另外的官能团操作以闭合PBD B-环,去除保护基团,获得靶分子。
式IV的化合物通常是通过使适当官能化的C-环片段(I)偶合至含有式II的二聚体核的A-环来制备的。C-环片段可由已知的氨基甲酸酯保护的4-氧代脯氨酸甲酯结构嵌段来制备。可以采用在Wittig或Horner-Emmons条件下的烯化作用,以提供内-或外-不饱和烯烃。C-环和A-环片段可以使用A-环片段的酰基氯衍生物,在三乙胺存在下在标准条件下偶合,以产生式III的分子。在这个阶段也可通过引入不同的C-环来打破对称性。可以使用处于乙酸或甲酸中的锌将类型III的化合物还原,而不影响内或外C-环的不饱和性,以得到式IV的分子。
可选地,可使合适的4-羟基吡咯烷结构嵌段偶合到式II的二聚体核中。可以使所述羟基氧化为酮,然后转化为烯醇三氟甲磺酸酯。可以使用铃木偶合(Suzuki coupling)来引入前C2取代基(pro C2substituent)(例如芳基、烯基等)。然后可以使硝基还原为胺,一个胺受保护,使另一个游离以携带接头基团。
类型VI的非对称氨基甲酸酯可以通过用一个当量的市售(或容易制备)的氯甲酸酯在吡啶或三乙胺存在下处理类型IV的二胺来制备。可选择氯甲酸酯以提供适当的基于氨基甲酸酯的氮保护基团(ProtN),其与在前接头基团(RL)中使用的那些是正交的。RL氨基甲酸酯可通过将剩余氨基转化为异氰酸酯并且用RL醇将其猝灭来引入。可选地,RL醇可以转化为氯甲酸酯或功能等效物(氟甲酸酯、对硝基碳酸酯、五氟碳酸酯或羟基苯并三唑碳酸酯)。最后,可以将剩余的氨基转化为反应性对硝基氨基甲酸酯、五氟氨基甲酸酯或羟基苯并三唑氨基甲酸酯,它们可以经RL醇置换以得到式VI的分子。
式VII的分子可由式VI的分子通过用例如乙酸水溶液去除甲硅烷基保护基来制备。用戴斯-马丁过碘烷(Dess-Martin periodinane)(或可选地TPAP/NMO、PDC或在Swern条件下)进行氧化得到闭环产物。
式V的偶联物可由式VII的分子通过去除基于氨基甲酸酯的氮保护基团来制备。
化合物II
式II化合物的合成在WO 2006/111759中有描述并且Gregson等(J.Med.Chem.2001,44,1161-1174)也有描述。如本文所描述的化合物(II)的制备特别地通过引用并入本文。
还可参考已知的合成PBD二聚体的方法,包括在Antonow,D.和Thurston,D.E.,Chem.Rev.2011 111(4),2815-2864中综述的那些方法。
其它相关的公开可在WO 2010/091150中找到。在WO2010/091150中描述的中间体化合物也可应用于上述方法中。
例如,在第[164]段中示出的二聚体化合物(15)可用作上述方案I中的化合物III。这种及其它修改对于本领域技术人员而言将显而易见。
实施例
通用信息
通过薄层色谱法(TLC)使用Merck Kieselgel 60F254硅胶,在铝板上用荧光指示剂监测反应进展。除非另有规定,否则用紫外光(UV light)或碘蒸气实现TLC的可视化。快速色谱法使用用于快速色谱法的VWR硅胶进行。萃取和色谱溶剂是从Fisher Scientific,U.K.购买的并且使用无需进一步纯化。除非另有规定,否则所有精细化学品均购自Sigma-Aldrich或TCI Europe。
在Bruker 400分光计上获得1H和13C NMR波谱。偶合常数按赫兹(Hz)引用。四甲基硅烷低场处化学位移按百万分之(ppm)记录。将自旋多重态描述为s(单峰)、bs(宽单峰)、d(双峰)、t(三重峰)、q(四重峰)、p(五重峰)和m(多重峰)。
分析LC/MS条件如下:正离子模式电喷雾质谱法使用ShimadzuLCMS-2020进行。所用流动相为溶剂A(具有0.1%甲酸的H2O)和溶剂B(具有0.1%甲酸的CH3CN)。常规3分钟运行的梯度:初始组合物5%B保持0.25分钟,然后在2分钟内从5%B增加到100%B。组合物在100%B保持0.50分钟,然后在0.05分钟内恢复到5%B并且保持0.05分钟。梯度运行的总持续时间为3.0分钟。15分钟运行的梯度:初始组合物5%B保持1分钟,然后在10分钟内从5%B增加到100%B。组合物在100%B保持2分钟,然后在0.1分钟内恢复到5%B并且保持2.9分钟。梯度运行的总持续时间为15.0分钟。流速为0.8mL/分子和0.6mL/分钟(对于15分钟运行而言)。在214和254nm下检测。柱:WatersAcquityBEH Shield RP18 1.7μm 2.1x 50mm,50℃下装备有Waters AcquityBEH Shield RP18VanGuard前置柱,130A,1.7μm,2.1mm x 5mm(常规3分钟运行);和3μm NX-C18LC柱100x2mm(15分钟运行)。
实施例1
(a)(R)-2-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙-1-醇(3)
在0℃氩气气氛下边搅拌边将(R)-2-巯基丙-1-醇1(0.4g,4.35mmol,1.0个当量)于无水DCM(14mL)中的溶液滴加到硫代次氯酸3-硝基吡啶-2-基酯(3-nitropyridin-2-ylhypochlorothioite)2(1.0g,5.22mmol,1.2个当量)于无水DCM(40mL)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物3小时。减压蒸发反应混合物以产生黄色胶。使胶重新溶于水中并且用氢氧化铵溶液(pH12)使溶液碱化,用DCM(4×50mL)萃取并且用饱和盐水(100mL)洗涤合并的萃取液,干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发以产生橙色油/固体混合物。通过快速柱色谱法[梯度洗脱DCM/MeOH0%至1%]纯化产生呈黄色半固体的产物(0.745g,70%)。分析数据:RT 1.41分钟;MS(ES+)m/z(相对强度)247([M+H]+.,100)。
(b)(2-((S)-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基-5-((((R)-2-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)氨基)苯氧基)戊基)氧基)-4-甲氧基苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(5)
在室温下在氩气气氛下将三乙胺(0.25g,0.34mL,2.5mmol,2.2个当量)添加到单-boc保护的二苯胺4(106g,1.11mmol,1.0个当量)和三光气(0.12g,0.4mmol,0.36个当量)于无水THF(15mL)中的搅拌溶液中。加热反应混合物至40℃并且在5分钟后用甲醇处理样品并通过LCMS作为氨基甲酸甲酯分析。
将(R)-2-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙-1-醇3(0.334g,1.36mmol,1.5个当量)和三乙胺(0.17g,0.23mL,1.67mmol,1.5个当量)于无水THF(15mL)中的溶液滴加到新制备的异氰酸酯中。在40℃下加热反应混合物4小时,然后在室温下搅拌18小时。过滤反应混合物以去除三乙胺盐酸盐并蒸发滤液至干以得到粗产物。通过快速柱色谱法[55%正己烷/45%]纯化产生呈黄色泡沫的所需产物(0.44g,32%)。分析数据:RT 2.42分钟;MS(ES+)m/z(相对强度)1225([M+H]+.,70),1247([M+Na]+.,100)。
(c)(2-((S)-2-(羟甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(羟甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基-5-((((R)-2-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)氨基)苯氧基)戊基)氧基)-4-甲氧基苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(6)
将乙酸/H2O(3/1,16mL)添加到双-甲硅烷基醚5(0.41g,0.33mmol,1.0个当量)于THF(4mL)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌所得溶液6.5小时。用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液使反应混合物碱化至pH8。用乙酸乙酯(4×100mL)萃取混合物并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(2×200mL)、水(200mL)、饱和盐水(200mL)洗涤合并的萃取液,干燥(MgSO4)并减压蒸发。通过快速柱色谱法[EtOAc]纯化产生呈黄色泡沫的产物(0.235g,71%)。分析数据:RT 1.8分钟;MS(ES+)m/z(相对强度)997([M+H]+.,100)。
(d)(11S,11aS)-11-羟基-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-11-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-10-(((R)-2-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)-5-氧代-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-8-基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧代-2,3,11,11a-四氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-10(5H)-羧酸叔丁酯(7)
在-40℃下在氩气气氛下将无水DMSO(79mg,72μL,1.01mmol,4.4个当量)于无水DCM(5mL)中的溶液滴加到草酰氯(2.0M于DCM中,276μL,0.55mmol,2.4个当量)于无水DCM(5mL)中的溶液中。在-40℃下搅拌溶液15分钟。滴加二醇6(0.23g,0.23mmol,1.0个当量)于无水DCM(10mL)中的溶液并且在-40℃下搅拌所得混合物45分钟。这段时间期间使温度达到-25℃。将温度降至-40℃并滴加三乙胺(0.23g,0.32mL,2.3mmol,10个当量)。5分钟后使温度达到室温。再30分钟后用DCM(50mL)稀释反应混合物并用1M柠檬酸溶液(2×100mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200mL)、水(200mL)、盐水(200mL)萃取,干燥(MgSO4)并减压蒸发以产生黄色泡沫。通过快速柱色谱法[氯仿/甲醇0%至2%以0.5%递增]纯化产生呈白色泡沫的产物(0.085g,37%)。分析数据:RT1.69分钟;MS(ES+)m/z(相对强度)993([M+H]+.,60)。
实施例2
(a)(R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙-1-醇(10)
在0℃下(冰/丙酮)在氩气气氛下将硫酰氯(2.35mL于DCM中的1.0M溶液,2.35mmol)滴加到5-硝基吡啶-2-硫醇9(334mg,2.14mmol)于无水DCM(7.5mL)中的搅拌悬浮液中。反应混合物从黄色悬浮液变成黄色溶液并使其升温至室温,然后搅拌2小时,此后通过在真空中蒸发去除溶剂以提供黄色固体。使固体重新溶于DCM(15mL)中并且在0℃下在氩气气氛下用(R)-2-巯基丙-1-醇(213mg,2.31mmol)于无水DCM(7.5mL)中的溶液逐滴处理。使反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌20小时,此后通过LC/MS分析揭示在保留时间1.41分钟的大量产物形成(ES+)m/z247([M+H]+,约100%相对强度)。通过过滤去除沉淀并且在真空中蒸发滤液以产生橙色固体,用H2O(20mL)处理所述固体并用氢氧化铵溶液碱化。用DCM(3×25mL)萃取混合物并用H2O(20mL)、盐水(20mL)洗涤合并的萃取液,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并在真空中蒸发以产生粗产物。通过快速色谱法(以1%递增的梯度洗脱:100%DCM至98:2v/vDCM/MeOH)纯化产物呈油的二硫化物10(111mg,21%产量)。
(b)(R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)氯甲酸丙酯(11)
将三光气(48mg,0.16mmol)添加到(R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙-1-醇10(111mg,0.45mmol)和吡啶(34μL,33.5mg,0.42mmol)于无水DCM(5mL)中的搅拌溶液中。使反应混合物在氩气气氛下搅拌45分钟,之后通过在真空中蒸发去除溶剂以提供呈黄色薄膜的粗氯甲酸酯11。使产物进入下一步骤,无需纯化或分析。
(c)(2-((S)-2-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基-5-((((R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)氨基)苯氧基)戊基)氧基)-4-甲氧基苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(12)
在室温下将11(约139mg,0.45mmol)于无水DCM(5mL)中的溶液滴加到苯胺4(430mg,约0.45mmol)和吡啶(40μL,39mg,0.49mmol)于无水DCM(12mL)中的搅拌溶液中。使反应混合物在氩气气氛下搅拌2.5小时,此时通过LC/MS分析揭示在保留时间2.42分钟的大量产物形成(ES+)m/z 1226([M+H]+,约20%相对强度)、1248([M+Na]+,约60%相对强度)。用DCM(20mL)稀释混合物并用SiO2处理并且通过在真空中蒸发去除溶剂。所得残留物通过快速色谱法进行纯化(以10%递增的梯度洗脱:80:20v/v己烷/EtOAc至70:30v/v己烷/EtOAc)产生呈黄色泡沫的纯氨基甲酸酯12(419mg,76%产量)。
(d)(2-((S)-2-(羟甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-5-((5-(4-((S)-2-(羟甲基)-4-亚甲基吡咯烷-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基-5-((((R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)氨基)苯氧基)戊基)氧基)-4-甲氧基苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(13)
将冰乙酸(24mL)添加到TBS保护的化合物12(419mg,0.34mmol)于THF(8mL)和H2O(8mL)中的搅拌溶液中。使反应混合物搅拌16小时,此时通过LC/MS分析揭示反应完成,在保留时间1.82分钟观察到所需产物(ES+)m/z 997([M+H]+.,约100%相对强度)、1019([M+Na]+.,约45%相对强度)。将反应混合物滴加到NaHCO3的冷藏(0-5℃)饱和溶液(400mL)中。使中性溶液升温至室温并用EtOAc(4×100mL)萃取,用H2O(80mL)、盐水(100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并在真空中蒸发以产生粗产物。通过快速色谱法(以1%递增的梯度洗脱:100%DCM至98:2v/v DCM/MeOH)纯化产生呈淡黄色泡沫的二醇13(341mg,100%产量)。
(e)(11S,11aS)-11-羟基-8-((5-(((11S,11aS)-11-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-10-(((R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基)-5-氧代-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-8-基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧代-2,3,11,11a-四氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-10(5H)-羧酸叔丁酯(14)
在-45℃下(干冰/CH3CN)在氩气气氛下将无水DMSO(107μL,188mg,1.50mmol)于无水DCM(7.5mL)中的溶液滴加到草酰氯(410μL于DCM中的2.0M溶液,0.82mmol)于无水DCM(7.5mL)中的搅拌溶液中。在-45℃下搅拌15分钟后,用二醇13(341mg,0.34mmol)于无水DCM(15mL)中的溶液逐滴处理反应混合物。在-45℃下再搅拌1小时后,用TEA(476μL,342mg,3.42mmol)于无水DCM(7.5mL)中的溶液逐滴处理反应混合物。使反应混合物在1.5小时内升温至室温并用DCM(50mL)稀释,然后用饱和NH4Cl(15mL)、饱和NaHCO3(15mL)、盐水(15mL)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并在真空中蒸发以产生粗产物。通过快速色谱法(以0.4%递增的梯度洗脱:100%DCM至98.4:1.6v/vDCM/MeOH)纯化产生呈淡黄色泡沫的环化化合物14(227mg,67%产量):LC/MS 14保留时间1.69分钟(ES+)m/z 993([M+H]+.,约80%相对强度)、1015([M+Na]+.,约20%相对强度)。
(f)(R)-2-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)丙氧基(11S,11aS)-11-羟基-7-甲氧基-8-((5-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧代-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-8-基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-亚甲基-5-氧代-2,3,11,11a-四氢-1H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯并二氮杂卓-10(5H)-羧酸酯(15)
在0℃下(冰/丙酮)将95:5v/v TFA/H2O溶液(4mL)添加到Boc/THP保护的化合物14(216mg,0.22mmol)的粗样品中。在0℃下搅拌30分钟后,正如通过LC/MS所判断,认为反应完全,所需产物峰值在保留时间1.60分钟(ES+)m/z 875([M+H]+.,约100%相对强度)。保持反应混合物冷却并滴加到NaHCO3的冷藏饱和水溶液(100mL)中。用DCM(3×30mL)萃取混合物并用盐水(50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并在真空中蒸发以提供粗产物。通过快速色谱法(以0.4%递增的梯度洗脱:100%CHCl3至98.4:1.6v/v CHCl3/MeOH)纯化产生呈黄色泡沫的15(127mg,66%产量):LC/MS(15分钟运行),保留时间6.18分钟(ES+)m/z 875([M+H]+.,约100%相对强度);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.21(s,1H),8.30(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.69(d,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.62(d,1H,J=8.9Hz),7.49(s,1H),7.25(s,1H),6.79(s,1H),6.74(s,1H),5.58(dd,1H,J=4.4,9.8Hz),5.22–5.10(m,4H),4.43(d,1H,J=3.7Hz),4.33–4.25(m,4H),4.15–3.98(m,5H),3.95–3.80(m,7H),3.68–3.59(m,1H),3.20–3.07(m,2H),2.99–2.87(m,2H),2.76–2.68(m,2H),1.99–1.83(m,4H),1.72–1.57(m,2H),1.19(d,3H,J=6.6Hz)。
实施例3
(a)于冰浴中将三光气(210mg,0.71mmol)于无水THF(30.0mL)中的溶液滴加到化合物4(1.5g,1.57mmol)和Et3N(475mg,4.69mmol)于无水THF(5.0mL)中的溶液中。在20℃下在N2下将其搅拌1.0小时。用MeOH处理反应混合物的样品并通过LCMS分析并且发现氨基甲酸甲酯。然后将化合物16(401mg,1.73mmol)和Et3N(436mg,4.31mmol)于THF(5.0mL)中的溶液添加到新制备的异氰酸酯中。在40℃下搅拌混合物1.5小时并添加额外的三光气(93mg,0.31mmol)。30分钟后反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤以去除三乙胺盐酸盐并用EtOAc(3x200mL)萃取滤液。在Na2SO4上干燥合并的有机层,浓缩并通过快速柱色谱法(PE:EtOAc=1:1)纯化以产生呈黄色油的所需产物17(810mg产量:43%)。LCMS:(10-80,AB,1.5分钟),RT=1.20min,m/z=1212.3[M+1]+。
(b)将HOAc和H2O的混合物(3/1)(12.0mL)添加到化合物17(810mg,0.67mmol)于THF(4.5mL)中的溶液中。在20℃下搅拌溶液18.0小时。用饱和NaHCO3溶液将反应混合物的pH调至pH=8.0。用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取混合物并用饱和NaHCO3溶液(100mL)、水(100mL)、盐水(100mL)洗涤合并的萃取液,在MgSO4上干燥并减压浓缩。通过快速色谱法(DCM:MeOH=15:1)纯化残留物以产生呈黄色固体的所需产物18(410mg,62.3%)。LCMS:(10-80,AB,1.5分钟),RT=0.867分钟,m/z=983.2[M+1]+。
(c)向化合物18(130mg,0.13mmol)于DCM(20.0mL)中的溶液添加DMP(224mg,0.53mmol)。在20℃下搅拌混合物2.0小时。LCMS显示约57%的所需产物。过滤混合物,用水(2×15mL)洗涤滤液,在上MgSO4干燥并浓缩。通过pre-TLC(DCM:MeOH=20:1)对其纯化以产生呈黄色固体的所需产物19(70mg,54%)。LCMS:(10-80,AB,1.5分钟),RT=0.811分钟,m/z=1002.2[M+23]+。
(d)在0℃下将TFA(3.0mL)滴加到化合物19(100mg,0.1mmol)中并且在0℃下搅拌混合物20分钟。在0℃下将混合物添加到饱和NaHCO3溶液中并用DCM(3×100mL)萃取。在Na2SO4上干燥有机层,浓缩并通过pre-TLC(DCM:MeOH=16:1)纯化以产生呈白色固体的所需产物20(70mg,产量:80%)。LCMS:(10-80,AB,1.5分钟),RT=0.715分钟,m/z=861.2[M+1]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.16(s,1H),8.25-8.23(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.63-7.62(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.56-7.54(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.42(s,1H),7.18(s,1H),6.71(s,1H),6.64(s,1H),5.51-5.49(d,J=10Hz,1H),5.23(s,1H),5.14-5.08(m,3H),4.33-4.0(m,9H),3.98-3.85(m,9H),3.10-2.64(m,7H),1.85-1.84(m,6H)。
实施例4
(a)在20℃下将三光气(72.29mg,0.243mmol)添加到化合物21(150mg,0.609mmol)和吡啶(45.76mg,0.577mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的搅拌溶液中。在20℃下搅拌反应混合物40分钟。去除溶剂并且残留物直接用于下一步骤中。
(b)在20℃下将化合物22(168mg,0.545mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液滴加到化合物4(400mg,0.419mmol)和吡啶(43mg,0.545mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液中。在20℃下搅拌反应混合物2小时。去除溶剂并通过pre-TLC(PE:EtOAc=3:2)纯化残留物以产生呈黄色固体的所需产物23(160mg,31%)。LCMS:(5-95,AB,1.5分钟),1.199分钟,m/z=1225.4(M+1)。
(c)在20℃下向化合物23(160mg,0.13mmol)于THF/H2O(3mL/3mL)中的溶液添加HOAc(5mL)。在20℃下搅拌反应混合物16小时。用EtOAc(20mL)稀释反应混合物,用水(2×10mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(2×10mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤。将其干燥并浓缩以产生粗产物,通过pre-TLC(DCM:MeOH=15:1)纯化粗产物以产生呈黄色泡沫的所需产物24(110mg,85%)。
(d)在0℃下向化合物24(110mg,0.11mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液添加DMP(187mg,0.441mmol)。在20℃下搅拌反应混合物2小时后,用NaHCO3/Na2SO3饱和溶液(5mL/5mL)将其猝灭并用DCM(3×10mL)萃取。用NaHCO3/Na2SO3溶液(5mL/5mL)、盐水(10mL)洗涤合并的有机层,干燥并浓缩。通过pre-TLC(DCM:MeOH=15:1)纯化残留物以产生呈黄色泡沫的所需产物25(65mg,59%)。LCMS:(5-95,AB,1.5分钟),0.772分钟,m/z=1015.4(M+23)。
(e)在0℃下将冷TFA(10mL)添加到化合物25(65mg,0.065mmol)中。在0℃下搅拌反应混合物30分钟后,将其滴加到0℃的冷却饱和NaHCO3水溶液(20mL)中并用DCM(4×20mL)萃取。用盐水(30mL)洗涤合并的有机层,干燥并浓缩以产生粗产物,通过pre-TLC(DCM:MeOH=15:1)纯化粗产物以产生呈黄色泡沫的纯净的所需产物26(32mg,55.88%)。LCMS:(5-95,AB,1.5分钟),0.877分钟,m/z=875.4(M+1);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.19(s,1H),8.32(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.47(s,1H),6.77(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),5.57(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.19–5.13(m,4H),4.40–4.20(m,4H),4.15–3.90(m,14H),3.61(m,1H),3.47(s,1H),3.20–2.63(m,4H),1.89(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.71–1.50(m,4H),1.25-1.21(m,3H)。
用于偶联的半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)的还原/氧化
在含有2mM EDTA的50mM Tris(pH7.5)中,用约20-40倍过量的TCEP(三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐或DTT(二硫苏糖醇)将在CHO细胞中表达的全长、半胱氨酸工程化单克隆抗体(半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)-Junutula等,2008b Nature Biotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornan等(2009)Blood 114(13):2721-2729;US 7521541;US 7723485;WO2009/052249,Shen等(2012)Nature Biotech.,30(2):184-191;Junutula等(2008)Jour ofImmun.Methods 332:41-52)在37℃下还原3小时或者在室温下还原过夜。(Getz等(1999)Anal.Biochem.273卷:73-80;Soltec Ventures,Beverly,MA)。将还原的半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)稀释并且装载至处于10mM乙酸钠(pH 5)中的HiTrap柱上,并且用含有0.3M氯化钠的PBS洗脱。可选地,通过添加1/20体积的10%乙酸来酸化抗体,用10mM琥珀酸盐(pH 5)稀释,装载到柱上,然后用10个柱体积的琥珀酸盐缓冲液洗涤。用50mM Tris(pH7.5)、2mM EDTA对柱进行洗脱。
将洗脱的半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM)用15倍摩尔过量的DHAA(脱氢抗坏血酸)或200nM硫酸铜(CuSO4)水溶液处理。链间二硫键的氧化在约三小时或更长时间内完成。环境空气氧化也有效。将再氧化的抗体透析到20mM琥珀酸钠(pH 5)、150mM NaCl、2mMEDTA中,并在-20℃冷冻保存。
半胱氨酸工程化抗体与化合物偶联以制备抗体-药物偶联物
在50mM Tris(pH 8)中,使脱封闭、再氧化的硫代-抗体(半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM))与6-8倍摩尔过量的上述化合物(来自浓度为20mM的DMSO原液)反应,直到通过反应混合物的LC-MS分析确定反应完全(16-24小时)。
然后,在用20mM琥珀酸钠(pH 5)稀释之后,将粗抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)施加到阳离子交换柱上。用至少10个柱体积的20mM琥珀酸钠(pH 5)洗涤该柱,并且用PBS洗脱抗体。使用凝胶过滤柱,将抗体药物偶联物配制到具有240mM蔗糖的20mM His/乙酸盐(pH 5)中。通过UV光谱法对抗体-药物偶联物进行表征以确定蛋白质浓度,使用分析SEC(尺寸排阻色谱法)进行聚集分析并且在用赖氨酸C肽链内切酶处理之前和之后进行LC-MS。
使用Shodex KW802.5柱,于具有0.25mM氯化钾和15%IPA的0.2M磷酸钾pH6.2中以0.75ml/min的流速进行尺寸排阻色谱法。通过在280nm下的洗脱峰面积吸光度的积分来确定偶联物的聚集状态。
使用Agilent QTOF 6520ESI仪器来进行LC-MS分析。例如,在37℃下,在Tris(pH7.5)中使用1:500w/w蛋白内切酶Lys C(Promega)处理使用这种化学方法生成的抗体-药物偶联物30分钟。将所得裂解片段装载到加热至80℃的1000A、8um PLRP-S柱上,并且用在5分钟内由30%B变成40%B的梯度进行洗脱。流动相A是具有0.05%TFA的H2O且流动相B是具有0.04%TFA的乙腈。流速为0.5ml/min。在电喷雾离子化和MS分析之前,通过在280nm下的紫外吸收检测来监测蛋白质洗脱。通常实现了未偶联的Fc片段、残余的未偶联Fab和药物化Fab的色谱分辨(Chromatographic resolution)。使用Mass HunterTM软件(AgilentTechnologies)将获得的m/z光谱去卷积,以计算抗体片段的质量。
以下体外测定在Phillips等(2008)Cancer Res.68(22):9280-9290中也有描述。
体外细胞增殖测定
ADC的功效通过细胞增殖测定,采用以下方案来测量(CellTiterLuminescent Cell Viability Assay,Promega Corp.Technical Bulletin TB288;Mendoza等(2002)Cancer Res.62:5485-5488)。所有细胞系都得自美国典型培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection):
1.将在培养基中含有约104个细胞(例如,KPL-4,人乳腺癌细胞系,Kurebayashi等(1999)Brit.Jour.Cancer 79(5-6):707-717)、SKBR-3或MCF7)的100μl细胞培养物等分试样沉积在96孔不透明壁的板中的每个孔中。
2.制备含有培养基但不含细胞的对照孔。
3.将ADC添加到实验孔中并孵育3-5天。
4.将板平衡至室温约30分钟。
5.添加体积等于存在于每个孔中的细胞培养基的体积的CellTiter-Glo试剂。
6.将内容物在定轨振荡器上混合2分钟以诱导细胞溶解。
7.在室温下将板孵育10分钟以稳定发光信号。
8.在图表中记录发光并报告为RLU=相对发光单位。
在96-孔板中以1000-2000个/孔或2000-3000个/孔,接种某些细胞,50uL/孔。在一天或两天后,按50μL体积添加ADC至最终浓度为9000、3000、1000、333、111、37、12.4、4.1或1.4ng/mL,“无ADC”的对照孔只接收培养基。条件为一式两份或三份在3-5天后,添加100μL/孔的Cell TiterGlo II(基于荧光素酶的测定;由ATP水平测量的增殖)并使用光度计来测定细胞计数。将数据绘制为每组重复的发光平均值,带有标准差误差条。该方案是CellTiter Glo发光细胞活力测定(Promega)的修改:
1.板1000个细胞/孔,在50μL/孔的FBS/谷氨酰胺培养基中。允许细胞附着过夜。
2.从18μg/ml的工作浓度开始,按照顺序于培养基中1:3连续稀释ADC(这导致最终浓度为9μg/ml)。将50μL稀释的ADC添加到50μL已经在孔中的细胞和培养基中。
3.孵育72-96小时(标准品为72小时,但是在细胞达到85-95%融合率时,观察到0ug/mL就停止试验)。
4.添加100μL/孔的Promega Cell Titer Glo试剂,振荡3分钟并在光度计上读数。
结果
针对SK-BR-3(Levenson等(1997)Cancer Res.57(15):3071-3078)细胞测试抗体-药物偶联物,硫代人源化抗Her2 7C2HC A118C-8(101)、硫代人源化抗CD33 15G15.3HCA118C-8(103)、硫代人源化抗Her2 7C2LC K149C-15(105)、硫代人源化抗CD33 15G15.3LCK149C-15(106),以在五天的研究中测量体外细胞活力。SK-BR-3细胞是表达HER2+的。101和105两者针对这些细胞是有活性的,而103和106两者实际上无活性。
针对EOL1和HL-60(Levenson等(1997)Cancer Res.57(15):3071-3078)细胞测试相同的四种偶联物,以在五天的研究中测量体外细胞活力。EOL1和HL-60细胞是表达CD33的。103和106两者针对这些细胞是有活性的,而101和105两者实际上无活性。
CNJ | IC50(μg/mL)EOL1 | IC50(μg/mL)HL-60 |
103 | 0.7 | 6.3 |
101 | 28.9 | 196 |
106 | 2.8 | 18.6 |
105 | 44.8 | 271 |
组合时,偶联物101、103、105和106显示出靶向细胞杀伤。
还针对SK-BR-3(Levenson等(1997)Cancer Res.57(15):3071-3078)细胞测试了抗体-药物偶联物,硫代人源化抗Her2 7C2LC K149C-15(105)、硫代人源化抗Her2 7C2LCK149C-15(117)、硫代抗Her2 7C2LC K149C-20(127)和硫代抗Her2 7C2LC K149C-26(128),以在五天的研究中测量体外细胞活力。SK-BR-3细胞是表达HER2+的。
CNJ | IC50(ng/mL)SK-BR-3 |
105 | 1.4 |
117 | 2.0 |
127 | 20.0 |
128 | 2.5 |
在转基因外植体小鼠中的肿瘤生长抑制、体外功效
在适当的体内模型中测试本发明的偶联物并证实是有活性的。在Phillips等(2008)Cancer Res.68(22):9280-9290中描述了适当的体内测定。
缩写
Ac 乙酰基
Acm 乙酰胺基甲基
Alloc 烯丙氧基羰基
Boc 二碳酸二叔丁酯
t-Bu 叔丁基
Bzl 苄基,其中Bzl-OMe为甲氧基苄基且Bzl-Me为甲基苯
Cbz或Z 苄氧基-羰基,其中Z-Cl和Z-Br分别是氯-和漠苄氧基羰基
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
Dnp 二硝基苯基
DTT 二硫苏糖醇
Fmoc 9H-芴-9-基甲氧羰基
imp N-10亚胺保护基团:3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙酸酯-Val-Ala-PAB
MC-OSu 马来酰亚胺己酰基-O-N-琥珀酰亚胺
Moc 甲氧基羰基
MP 马来酰亚胺基丙酰胺
Mtr 4-甲氧基-2,3,6-三甲基苯磺酰基
PAB 对-氨基苄氧基羰基
PEG 乙烯氧基
PNZ 氨基甲酸对硝基苄酯
Psec 2-(苯磺酰基)乙氧基羰基
TBDMS 叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基
TBDPS 叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基
Teoc 2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基羰基
Tos 甲苯磺酰基
Troc 2,2,2-三氯乙氧基碳酰氯
Trt 三苯甲基
Xan 呫吨基
序列表
<110> 健泰科生物技术公司
<120> 吡咯并苯并二氮杂䓬及其抗体二硫化物偶联物
<130> 065435-9247-WO00
<140> 新PCT国际专利申请
<141> 2015-09-17
<150> US 62/051,387
<151> 2014-09-17
<160> 5
<170> PatentIn 3.3版
<210> 1
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 合成肽(图1a, LC K149C)
<400> 1
Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Cys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
1 5 10
<210> 2
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 合成肽(图1b, LC V205C)
<400> 2
Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Cys Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn
1 5 10
<210> 3
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 合成肽(图1c, HC A140C)
<400> 3
Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu
1 5 10
<210> 4
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 合成肽(图1d, HC S239C)
<400> 4
Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Cys Val Phe Leu Phe Pro
1 5 10
<210> 5
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> 合成肽
<400> 5
Asn Ala Val Pro Asn Leu Arg Gly Asp Leu Gln Val Leu Ala Gln Lys
1 5 10 15
Val Ala Arg Thr Cys
20
Claims (45)
1.一种式I的化合物:
其中虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
R2独立地选自H、OH、=O、=CH2、CN、R、OR、=CH-RD、=C(RD)2、O-SO2-R、CO2R和COR,并且还任选地选自卤代或二卤代;
其中RD独立地选自R、CO2R、COR、CHO、CO2H和卤代;
R6和R9独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代;
R7独立地选自H、R、OH、OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、Me3Sn和卤代;
Y选自单键和式A1或A2的基团:
其中N示出了所述基团与PBD部分的N10结合的位置;
RL1和RL2独立地选自H和甲基,或连同与之结合的碳原子一起形成环丙烯基团;
Q独立地选自O、S和NH;
R11为H或R或,其中Q为O、SO3M,其中M为金属阳离子;
R和R’独立地选自经任选取代的C1-12烷基、C3-20杂环基和C5-20芳基,并且任选地涉及基团NRR’,R和R’连同与之连接的氮原子一起形成经任选取代的4-、5-、6-或7-元杂环;
其中R12、R16、R19和R17分别如同对于R2、R6、R9和R7所定义的;
其中R”为C3-12亚烷基,其链可被一个或多个杂原子,例如O、S、N(H)、NMe和/或芳环,例如苯或吡啶间断,所述环经任选取代;并且
X和X’独立地选自O、S和N(H)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其具有式II:
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其具有式III:
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中RL1和RL2均为H。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中RL1和RL2均为甲基。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中RL1和RL2中的一个为H而另一个为甲基。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y为单键。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y为:
9.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y为:
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9和R19为H。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6和R16为H。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物,其中R7和R17为OR7A,其中R7A为经任选取代的C1-4烷基。
13.根据权利要求12所述的化合物,其中R7A为Me。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的化合物,其中X为O。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的化合物,其中R11为H。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的化合物,其中在每个单体单元中C2和C3之间存在双键。
17.根据权利要求16所述的化合物,其中R2和R12独立地选自H和R。
18.根据权利要求17所述的化合物,其中R2和R12独立地为R。
19.根据权利要求18所述的化合物,其中R2和R12独立地为经任选取代的C5-20芳基。
20.根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2和R12独立地选自=O、=CH2、=CH-RD和=C(RD)2。
21.根据权利要求20所述的化合物,其中R2和R12为=CH2。
22.根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物,其中R”为C3亚烷基或C5亚烷基。
23.一种制备式A的偶联物的方法:
其中虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
CBA表示细胞结合剂;
所述方法是通过使根据权利要求1-22中任一项所述的化合物与细胞结合剂反应,其中基团Y、RL1、RL2、R2、R6、R7、R9、Q、R11、X、X’、R”、R12、R16、R19如同在权利要求1-22中任一项所定义的。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述细胞结合剂为抗体或其活性片段。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗体片段是肿瘤相关抗原的抗体或抗体片段。
26.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗体片段是与选自(1)-(53)的一种或多种肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体结合的抗体:
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型);
(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5);
(3)STEAP1(六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原);
(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16);
(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核细胞强化因子、间皮素);
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶质载体家族34(磷酸钠)、成员2、II型钠依赖性磷酸盐转运蛋白3b);
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、脑信号蛋白5b Hlog、sema结构域、七个血小板反应蛋白重复序列(1型和类1型)、跨膜结构域(TM)和短胞质结构域,(脑信号蛋白)5B);
(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12、RIKEN cDNA2700050C12基因);
(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体);
(10)MSG783(RNF124、假拟蛋白FLJ20315);
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相关基因1、前列腺癌相关蛋白1、六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原2、六次跨膜的前列腺蛋白);
(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬时型受体电位阳离子通道、亚家族M、成员4);
(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生生长因子);
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒受体)或Hs 73792);
(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相关β)、B29);
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含SH2结构域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C);
(17)HER2;
(18)NCA;
(19)MDP;
(20)IL20Rα;
(21)短蛋白聚糖;
(22)EphB2R;
(23)ASLG659;
(24)PSCA;
(25)GEDA;
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化因子受体、BLyS受体3、BR3);
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同种型);
(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α、免疫球蛋白相关α);
(29)CXCR5(伯基特淋巴瘤受体1);
(30)HLA-DOB((MHC II类分子β亚基(Ia抗原));
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体-门控离子通道5);
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2);
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105)、富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白);
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1);
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关2);和
(36)TENB2(推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖)
(37)PMEL17(银同源物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样结构域和两个卵泡抑素样结构域的跨膜蛋白1;脑肿瘤抑癌蛋白-1);
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-ALPHA-1);
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67、RIG-E、SCA-2、TSA-1);
(41)TMEM46(shisa同源物2(非洲爪蟾);SHISA2);
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D、MEGT1);
(43)LGR5(富含亮氨酸重复序列的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49、GPR67);
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787);
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);
(48)ASPHD1(含天冬氨酸β羟化酶结构域的1;LOC253982);
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3);
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e);
(52)CD33;和
(53)CLL-1。
27.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗体片段是半胱氨酸工程化抗体。
28.根据权利要求24或权利要求27所述的方法,其中Ab是抗HER2 4D5、抗CD22、抗CD33、抗Napi3b、抗HER2 7C2或抗CLL-1抗体。
29.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中药物(D)向抗体(Ab)的载药量(p)为1至约8的整数。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中p为1、2、3或4。
31.一种式A1的偶联物:
其中虚线指示在C1和C2之间或C2和C3之间任选存在双键;
Ab表示选自由以下组成的组的半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM):
(a)LC K149C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
(b)HC A140C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
(c)LC V205C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);和
(d)HC S239C半胱氨酸工程化抗体突变体(THIOMABTM);
其中基团Y、RL1、RL2、R2、R6、R7、R9、Q、R11、X、X’、R”、R12、R16、R19如同在权利要求1-22中任一项所定义的。
32.根据权利要求31所述的偶联物,其中所述抗体突变体是肿瘤相关抗原的抗体。
33.根据权利要求32所述的偶联物,其中所述抗体突变体是与选自(1)-(53)的一种或多种肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体结合的抗体:
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型);
(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5);
(3)STEAP1(六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原);
(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16);
(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核细胞强化因子、间皮素);
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶质载体家族34(磷酸钠)、成员2、II型钠依赖性磷酸盐转运蛋白3b);
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、脑信号蛋白5b Hlog、sema结构域、七个血小板反应蛋白重复序列(1型和类1型)、跨膜结构域(TM)和短胞质结构域,(脑信号蛋白)5B);
(8)PSCAhlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12、RIKENcDNA2700050C12基因);
(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体);
(10)MSG783(RNF124、假拟蛋白FLJ20315);
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相关基因1、前列腺癌相关蛋白1、六次跨膜的前列腺上皮抗原2、六次跨膜的前列腺蛋白);
(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬时型受体电位阳离子通道、亚家族M、成员4);
(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生生长因子);
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒受体)或Hs 73792);
(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相关β)、B29);
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含SH2结构域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C);
(17)HER2;
(18)NCA;
(19)MDP;
(20)IL20Rα;
(21)短蛋白聚糖;
(22)EphB2R;
(23)ASLG659;
(24)PSCA;
(25)GEDA;
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化因子受体、BLyS受体3、BR3);
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同种型);
(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α、免疫球蛋白相关α);
(29)CXCR5(伯基特淋巴瘤受体1);
(30)HLA-DOB((MHC II类分子β亚基(Ia抗原));
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体-门控离子通道5);
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2);
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105)、富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白);
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1);
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关2);和
(36)TENB2(推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖)
(37)PMEL17(银同源物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样结构域和两个卵泡抑素样结构域的跨膜蛋白1;脑肿瘤抑癌蛋白-1);
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-ALPHA-1);
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67、RIG-E、SCA-2、TSA-1);
(41)TMEM46(shisa同源物2(非洲爪蟾);SHISA2);
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D、MEGT1);
(43)LGR5(富含亮氨酸重复序列的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49、GPR67);
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787);
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);
(48)ASPHD1(含天冬氨酸β-羟化酶结构域的1;LOC253982);
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3);
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e);
(52)CD33;和
(53)CLL-1。
34.根据权利要求33或权利要求34所述的偶联物,其中所述抗体突变体是为抗HER24D5、抗CD22、抗CD33、抗Napi3b、抗HER27C2或抗CLL-1抗体的抗体。
35.根据权利要求31所述的偶联物,其中药物(D)向抗体(Ab)的载药量(p)为1至约8的整数。
36.根据权利要求35所述的偶联物,其中p为1、2、3或4。
37.一种组合物,其包含根据权利要求31-36中任一项所述的抗体-药物偶联化合物的混合物,其中所述抗体-药物偶联化合物的混合物中每个抗体的平均载药量为约2至约5。
38.根据权利要求31-36中任一项所述的偶联物或根据权利要求37所述的组合物,其用于治疗。
39.根据权利要求31-36中任一项所述的偶联物或根据权利要求37所述的组合物,其用于治疗受试者中的增殖疾病。
40.根据权利要求39所述的偶联物或组合物,其中所述疾病为癌症。
41.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求31-36中任一项所述的偶联物或根据权利要求37所述的组合物,及药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体或赋形剂。
42.根据权利要求41所述的药物组合物,其还包含治疗有效量的化疗剂。
43.根据权利要求31-36中任一项所述的偶联物或根据权利要求37所述的组合物在制备用于治疗受试者中的增殖疾病的药剂中的用途。
44.一种治疗癌症的方法,其包括向患者施用权利要求43所述的药物组合物。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中化疗剂与所述偶联物或组合物组合施用给所述患者。
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PE20170905A1 (es) | 2017-07-12 |
MX2017003523A (es) | 2017-11-08 |
EP3235820A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
IL250819A0 (en) | 2017-04-30 |
WO2016044560A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
BR112017005393A2 (pt) | 2017-12-05 |
EP3194400A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
EA201790359A1 (ru) | 2017-08-31 |
CA2959689A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
US20180362644A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
JP2017533887A (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
KR20170067771A (ko) | 2017-06-16 |
PH12017500518A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 |
SG11201702079UA (en) | 2017-04-27 |
US20160074527A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
MA40575A (fr) | 2016-03-24 |
AU2015317653A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
CR20170099A (es) | 2017-07-19 |
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