CN107063169A - A kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling - Google Patents
A kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107063169A CN107063169A CN201710457950.0A CN201710457950A CN107063169A CN 107063169 A CN107063169 A CN 107063169A CN 201710457950 A CN201710457950 A CN 201710457950A CN 107063169 A CN107063169 A CN 107063169A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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Abstract
A kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling, the present invention relates to a kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling.The present invention is to solve the dimensional stability that existing method can not intuitively reflect material, measurement accuracy is low, poor operability, and can not reflect specimen size with environmental change overall process the problem of.The present invention measures cylindrical sample change in size during cold cycling in the temperature amplitude of setting using double-pole thermal dilatometer, obtains the unit length deformation quantity cycle-index curve of test sample, curve is fitted using exponential function.It is 10 to find slope absolute value on curve‑6Point, the unit length deformation quantity corresponding to it is the conditional variant limit.Testing time of the invention is short, and precision is high.The present invention can full-size change of the quantitatively characterizing sample under the conditions of cold cycling, the dimensional stability of reaction material directly perceived can also be compared to different materials dimensional stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling.
Background technology
The dimensional stability of metal and metal-base composites under no-load condition refers under working environment not
The ability of sample resistance permanent deformation when being acted on by external force.Dimensional stability has important meaning to the precision for keeping precision instrument
Justice.
The evaluation method of dimensional stability has X-ray measurement macroscopic residual stress, using " referring under current no-load condition
Shape " sample for a long time detection length change over time, annulus opening method measurement remnant stress etc..
X ray test macroscopic residual stress needs elastic properties of materials isotropism, and surface stress is plane stress state, real
The condition of these in border can not be fully met.And this method can not directly represent the variable quantity of specimen size, different materials measurement knot
Fruit is also difficult to compare.
The dimensional stability of material can intuitively be reflected by detecting that length is changed over time for a long time using " finger-type " sample.But should
Method test period length (is needed more than 1 year), and measurement accuracy is relatively low, the difference pole of relatively more different size stabilization techniques
For difficulty, operability is poor.
Annulus opening method compares grand in material by the instant size changing amount after accurate measurement standard ring specimen opening
The height of residual stress level is seen, this method preferably simulates actual parts situation, and measurement accuracy is also higher.But belong to destruction
Property test, measurement result can not reflect overall process of the specimen size with environmental change.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve the dimensional stability that existing method can not intuitively reflect material, measurement accuracy is low, operable
Property is poor, and can not reflect specimen size with environmental change overall process the problem of, and it is cold to provide a kind of quantitative assessment metal material
The method of size changing amount under thermal cycle conditions.
The method of size changing amount is according to the following steps under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling of the present invention
Carry out：
First, metal material to be evaluated is prepared into test sample, and measures sample initial length L0；
2nd, the scope for setting cold cycling temperature is actually needed according to metal material to be evaluated as Tlower~Tupper, use
Double-pole thermal dilatometer measures the size of sample after each cold cycling, obtains specimen size variable quantity-time graph and sample
Temperature-time curve；
3rd, read and surveyed after each cold cycling by specimen size variable quantity-time graph and specimen temperature-time graph
Have a try sample when temperature is 20 DEG C compared to original dimension unit length deformation quantity, obtain material unit length deformation quantity-follow
Ring frequency curve；
4th, the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve are fitted using exponential function, obtained
Unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve；
5th, tangent line is made to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve, when tangent slope absolute value reaches
10-6When corresponding unit length deformation quantity be the conditional variant limit, the obtained conditional variant limit is as quantitative assessment metal
The index of the final deformation quantity size of material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the present invention can be obtained using the dimensional stability under double-pole thermal dilatometer measurement sample cold cycling in 2 days
Test result, short with the testing time, precision is high, can react the advantage of change in size overall process.Measurement the data obtained is carried out
Processing, the final deformation amount of sample is weighed with the conditional variant limit has reliable, the characteristics of handling simple；It is convenient more different
The dimensional stability difference of material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is specimen size variable quantity-time graph in embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is sample temperature-time curve in embodiment one；
Fig. 3 is material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve in embodiment one；Wherein m points are tangent slope
Absolute value reaches 10-6The corresponding conditional variant limit, n points are that tangent slope absolute value reaches 10-6Point of contact.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：Size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling of present embodiment
Method be to carry out according to the following steps：
First, metal material to be evaluated is prepared into test sample, and measures sample initial length L0；
2nd, the scope for setting cold cycling temperature is actually needed according to metal material to be evaluated as Tlower~Tupper, use
Double-pole thermal dilatometer measures the size of sample after each cold cycling, obtains specimen size variable quantity-time graph and sample
Temperature-time curve；
3rd, read and surveyed after each cold cycling by specimen size variable quantity-time graph and specimen temperature-time graph
Have a try sample when temperature is 20 DEG C compared to original dimension unit length deformation quantity, obtain material unit length deformation quantity-follow
Ring frequency curve；
4th, the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve are fitted using exponential function, obtained
Unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve；
5th, tangent line is made to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve, when tangent slope absolute value reaches
10-6When corresponding unit length deformation quantity be the conditional variant limit, the obtained conditional variant limit is as quantitative assessment metal
The index of the final deformation quantity size of material.
The unit of adjacent cold cycling twice is long during the measurement error of consideration instrument, cold cycling in present embodiment
The difference for spending deformation quantity is less than 10-6When, obvious change does not occur for the size of sample.Therefore we define：By once cold and hot
Afterwards, if the difference of the unit length deformation quantity of adjacent cold cycling twice is less than 10-6, then it is assumed that specimen size has tended towards stability.
Corresponding unit length deformation quantity △ L/L0, as the conditional variant limit of sample, the final deformation amount to evaluate sample
Size.
Metal and metal-base composites are influenceed during cold cycling by temperature alternating, and its size can gradually become
Change, and as the increase of cycle-index, the change in size of sample can be gradually reduced, final size tends towards stability.Specimen size becomes
The change in size occurred when stablizing is significant for the dimensional stability for evaluating material.Different materials cold cycling
During there is different deformation rules, some sizes are difficult to stable material, test complete when, still with continuing to become
The tendency of shape, the dimensional stability for only evaluating different materials to circulate the unit length deformation quantity after certain number of times is inaccurate
's.While two kinds of materials of deflection identical, its size reaches that it is also different to stablize the required time.
Needed before being measured in present embodiment step 2 using double-pole thermal dilatometer using differential method to test
Sample is modified；Respectively against test sample and test standard specimen i.e. on two push rods of double-pole thermal dilatometer, make test
Sample is tested with test standard specimen under identical environment, with the test data of test test for nominal samples data correction test sample, is eliminated
The error that thermal expansion in sample holder and push rod test process is brought.
Double-pole thermal dilatometer described in present embodiment step 2 is the thermal dilatometer with double-pole, one of top
Bar is responsible for testing the information of standard specimen, and another push rod is responsible for the information of collecting test sample.Equipment Range of measuring temp is -180
~500 DEG C, heating and cooling velocity are adjustable in the range of 0.1~99K/min.Sample holder and push rod are silica material
Matter, both thermal coefficient of expansions are low and difference is less than ± 1%.The material of displacement transducer is invar alloy, and resolution ratio is reachable
0.125nm, can fully ensure that the repeatability and accuracy in test process；SiO2Standard specimen measures difference twice at the same temperature
No more than 10-7, measuring accuracy is up to 10-8.Equipment is furnished with thermostatic circulation bath, displacement transducer system is in steady temperature
Under environment, it is ensured that the precision of test.The external vavuum pump of equipment, vacuum-pumping.Helium is used during experiment as purge gass, helium
Thermal conductivity is high, it is ensured that stove body temperature is uniform.
Present embodiment is by sample after each cold cycling in specimen size variable quantity-time graph under the conditions of cold cycling
Size at 20 DEG C, with initial samples length L0Compare, obtain sample after the circulation of different number of times alternating temperature-changings, its unit
Deformation of length amount；The unit length deformation quantity passes through formulaCalculated, L in formula0To be tested at 20 DEG C
The size of initial point test sample, LiFor size of the test sample after being circulated through i times when measuring for 20 DEG C.
The maximum deformation quantity that present embodiment can reach in step 2 under the conditions of cold cycling and the conditional variant limit
It is identical.When the conditional variant limit is small, the good stability of the dimension of test sample.
Embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike embodiment one：It is to be evaluated described in step one
Metal material is metal or metal-base composites.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike embodiment one or two：Treated described in step one
Evaluation metal material is the aluminium alloy of T6 states 2024.It is other identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three：Institute in step one
Test sample is stated for cylinder or cuboid；The depth of parallelism is more than 0.025 μm between two end faces of the test sample, and end face is coarse
Degree is better than Ra0.4；The length of the test sample is that minimum length is 25mm, and end face diameter is 3mm~10mm when being cylinder.
It is other identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four：Institute in step 2
The heating rate stated during cold cycling is 5K/min, and rate of temperature fall is 5K/min；Test is tried before each cold cycling
Sample carries out cold cycling again after insulation 25min under conditions of 20 DEG C, and when temperature reaches TlowerOr TupperInsulation is needed during temperature
Enter the change of trip temperature after 5min again.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to five：Institute in step 2
State cold cycling temperature range Tlower~Tupper, described -180 DEG C≤Tlower~Tupper≤500℃.Other and specific embodiment party
One of formula one to five is identical.
Embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to six：Institute in step 2
State the data using double-pole thermal dilatometer measurement cold cycling 5~30 times.Other phases one of with embodiment one to six
Together.
Embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to seven：Institute in step 4
State to be fitted the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve using exponential function and refer to use origin
Software carries out nonlinear fitting to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve, and fit equation is
Origin softwares can provide undetermined coefficient a, b, c value automatically, whereinFor unit deformation of length amount, n is the secondary of cold cycling
Number.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
By test result as can be seen that for metal and metal-base composites, unit length deformation quantity △ L/L0With
The increase of cold cycling number of times is monotonically changed, and rate of change slows down gradually.△L/L0It is approximate between cycle-index to meet index
Functional relation.Therefore available form isExponential function to unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve
It is fitted.
Embodiment nine：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to eight：In step 5 when
Tangent slope absolute value reaches 10-6When corresponding unit length deformation quantity be the conditional variant limit, its conditional variant limit is
When tangent slope absolute value reaches 10-6When pass through b × 10-6+ c calculates what is obtained.One of other and embodiment one to eight
It is identical.
Embodiment ten：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to nine：Institute in step 5
The scope for stating conditional variant limit absolute value is 1 × 10-6~1 × 10-3.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by following examples：
Embodiment one：The method of size changing amount is by following step under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling
It is rapid to carry out：
First, the aluminium alloy of T6 states 2024 is prepared into test sample；
2nd, the scope for setting cold cycling temperature is actually needed as T according to the aluminium alloy of T6 states 2024lower~Tupper, use
The data of double-pole thermal dilatometer measurement cold cycling n times, obtain specimen size variable quantity-time graph and specimen temperature-when
Half interval contour；The TlowerFor -30 DEG C, TupperFor 70 DEG C；
3rd, cylinder before and after specimen size variable quantity-time graph and temperature-time curve reading single cold cycling is passed through
The variable quantity of shape test sample size when temperature is 20 DEG C, obtains material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve；
4th, the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve are fitted using exponential function, obtained
Material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve；
5th, tangent line is made to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve, when tangent slope reaches for absolute value
10-6When corresponding unit length deformation quantity be the conditional variant limit, the obtained conditional variant limit is as quantitative assessment metal
The index of the final deformation amount size of material.
In embodiment test sample, specimen length L are used as from cylinder0Δ L/L should be met0The need for accuracy of detection, push away
The minimum length for recommending sample should be 25mm ± 0.1mm, a diameter of 3mm~10mm.Sample should be axially uniform, upper and lower ends face (with
Contact surface between push rod) require to be parallel to each other, and the depth of parallelism between sample axis, both ends of the surface is more than 0.025 μm.This
Outside, surface roughness is better than Ra0.4.
Heating rate described in step 2 during cold cycling is 5K/min, and rate of temperature fall is 5K/min；Each
Test sample is subjected to cold cycling again after insulation 25min under conditions of 20 DEG C before cold cycling, and when temperature reaches -30 DEG C
Or the change for entering trip temperature after 5min again need to be incubated during 70 DEG C of temperature.
The data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve are carried out using exponential function described in step 4
Fitting refers to carry out nonlinear fitting, fitting side to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve using origin softwares
Cheng WeiIt is 2.77 × 10 that origin softwares, which can provide undetermined coefficient a automatically,-5, b be 1.96, c for-
2.73×10-5Value, whereinFor unit deformation of length amount, n is the number of times of cold cycling, and the unit of size distortion amount is 10-5.Data are read from Fig. 3 through b × 10-6+ c is calculated, and it is -2.72 × 10 to obtain the conditional variant limit-5。
The size of sample after each cold cycling at 20 DEG C can be read with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with initial samples length L0Phase
Compare, obtain sample after the circulation of different number of times alternating temperature-changings, its unit length deformation quantity；The unit length deformation quantity passes through
FormulaCalculated, L in formula0To test the size of initial point test sample, L at 20 DEG CiFor through i circulation
Afterwards test sample 20 DEG C measure when size.
The dimensional stability measured using double-pole thermal dilatometer under sample cold cycling can obtain test knot in 2 days
Really, short with the testing time, precision is high, can react the advantage of change in size overall process.Measurement the data obtained is handled, used
The conditional variant limit has reliable, the characteristics of handling simple to weigh the final deformation amount of sample；Conveniently compare different materials
Dimensional stability difference.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of size changing amount under the conditions of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling, it is characterised in that quantitative assessment gold
The method for belonging to size changing amount under material cold-heat cycling condition is to carry out according to the following steps：
First, metal material to be evaluated is prepared into test sample, and measures sample initial length L0；
2nd, the scope for setting cold cycling temperature is actually needed according to metal material to be evaluated as Tlower~Tupper, using Double Tops
Bar thermal dilatometer measures the size of sample after each cold cycling, obtain specimen size variable quantity-time graph and specimen temperature-
Time graph；
3rd, read to test after each cold cycling by specimen size variable quantity-time graph and specimen temperature-time graph and try
Sample when temperature is 20 DEG C compared to original dimension unit length deformation quantity, obtain material unit length deformation quantity-circulation time
Number curve；
4th, the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve are fitted using exponential function, obtain unit
Deformation of length amount-cycle-index matched curve；
5th, tangent line is made to material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index matched curve, when tangent slope absolute value reaches 10-6When
Corresponding unit length deformation quantity is the conditional variant limit, and the obtained conditional variant limit is as quantitative assessment metal material
The index of final deformation quantity size.
2. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that metal material to be evaluated described in step one is metal or metal-base composites.
3. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that metal material to be evaluated described in step one is the aluminium alloy of T6 states 2024.
4. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that test sample described in step one is cylinder or cuboid；The depth of parallelism between two end faces of the test sample
More than 0.025 μm, surface roughness is better than Ra0.4；The length of the test sample is that minimum length is 25mm, when being cylinder
End face diameter is 3mm~10mm.
5. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that the heating rate described in step 2 during cold cycling is 5K/min, rate of temperature fall is 5K/min；Every
Test sample is subjected to cold cycling again after insulation 25min under conditions of 20 DEG C before secondary cold cycling, and when temperature reaches
TlowerOr TupperThe change for entering trip temperature after 5min again need to be incubated during temperature.
6. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that the T of cold cycling temperature range described in step 2lower~Tupper, described -180 DEG C≤Tlower~Tupper≤500
℃。
7. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that the data of cold cycling 5~30 times are measured described in step 2 using double-pole thermal dilatometer.
8. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that being entered described in step 4 using exponential function to the data in material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve
Row fitting refers to carry out material unit length deformation quantity-cycle-index curve nonlinear fitting, fitting using origin softwares
Equation isOrigin softwares can provide undetermined coefficient a, b, c value automatically, whereinIt is long for unit
Deformation quantity is spent, n is the number of times of cold cycling.
9. the method for size changing amount under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that when tangent slope absolute value reaches 10 in step 5-6When corresponding unit length deformation quantity be conditional variant pole
Limit, its conditional variant limit is when tangent slope absolute value reaches 10-6When pass through b × 10-6+ c calculates what is obtained.
10. size changing amount method under the conditions of a kind of quantitative assessment metal material cold cycling according to claim 9, its
The scope for being characterised by the absolute value of the conditional variant limit described in step 5 is 1 × 10-6~1 × 10-3。
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| CN114111674A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Measuring method for identifying size change of 8Cr4Mo4V steel bearing material |
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| CN114111674A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Measuring method for identifying size change of 8Cr4Mo4V steel bearing material |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |