CN106980051B - A kind of intermittence tandem type fault electric arc recognition methods - Google Patents
A kind of intermittence tandem type fault electric arc recognition methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106980051B CN106980051B CN201610025843.6A CN201610025843A CN106980051B CN 106980051 B CN106980051 B CN 106980051B CN 201610025843 A CN201610025843 A CN 201610025843A CN 106980051 B CN106980051 B CN 106980051B
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of linear load intermittence tandem type fault electric arc recognition methods.Method includes the following steps: 1) carry out the experiment of tandem type fault electric arc, the line current signal under three kinds of acquisition load normal work, intermittent defect electric arc, closing operation electric arc states；2) comentropy under three kinds of states after the wavelet package reconstruction of current signal is sought；3) K mean cluster is carried out to comentropy, distinguishes running current signal and arc signal；4) it asks every kind to be supported on adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative maximum value ratio when the intermittent electric arc of generation and closing operation electric arc, and sets adjacent two periods derivative maximum value fractional threshold, distinguish intermittent defect electric arc and closing operation electric arc；5) intermittent tandem type fault electric arc criterion is established.Compared with prior art, energy reliable diagnosis intermittence tandem type fault electric arc of the present invention, and early warning can be made to stable tandem type fault electric arc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fault electric arc guard method, especially one kind to be related to intermittent AC series type fault electric arc identification
Method.
Background technique
Fault electric arc is divided into parallel connection type fault electric arc and tandem type fault electric arc.Parallel connection type fault electric arc is mainly by electric leakage event
Barrier causes；Tandem type fault electric arc mainly by the virtually connecting of power circuit, cable material insulation ag(e)ing, wiring be lack of standardization, device matter
Unqualified and external force damage etc. is measured to cause.Parallel connection type fault electric arc can be diagnosed by earth leakage protective device；Due to tandem type failure electricity
The current amplitude of arc is less than or equal to load normal current, within the scope of breaker rated current, therefore will not be by traditional
Protective device detects, and the check frequency of conventional protection devices makes tandem type fault electric arc become the main of initiation electrical fire
Reason.According to statistics, 33% or so of the total fire damage in China is accounted for by the fire damage that electric fault causes.It can be seen that series connection
Effective identification of type fault electric arc has become the critical issue for improving power supply reliability, preventing electrical fire from occurring.
Underwriters Laboratories have formulated UL1699 " fault electric arc tripper safety standard " in 1999.It is domestic right
Relatively late, China has issued the standard GB14287.4- of electric fire monitoring system in 2014 for the research work of fault electric arc
2014, wherein the identification problem to fault electric arc has done related definition.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have done a large amount of research work: 1. foundation for the identification problem for stablizing fault electric arc
The physical effects such as arc sound, arc light for generating diagnose fault electric arc when electric arc occurs；2. arc voltage is believed when occurring according to electric arc
Number mutation and arc current zero stop phenomenon diagnose fault electric arc；3. using wavelet transformation, short time discrete Fourier transform etc. and mind
Combined through network or support vector machines, according to break down electric arc when, it is the variation of arc voltage or arc current signal spectrum, each
The variation diagnostic fault electric arc of subharmonic.1. method is not suitable for the detection to fault electric arc in the case of generation Location-Unknown.When
When Location-Unknown occurs for electric arc method 2. in the mutation of voltage can not detect, the use of a large amount of device for high-power power electronic has made
Zero stops the detection foundation that cannot function as electric arc generation.Although 3. method can identify fault electric arc to a certain extent, do not have
Consider the difference problem of operation electric arc and fault electric arc.
Inventor has found under study for action, is usually associated with before tandem type steady state fault electric arc occurs intermittent unstable
Tandem type fault electric arc, the intermittent defect arc duration is close with operation electric arc, is usually no more than 5 periods.Therefore, have
The differentiation operation electric arc and intermittent defect electric arc of effect, and by intermittent defect electric arc as the pre- of steady state fault electric arc will occur
Police will be of great significance.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the problems, such as operation electric arc and the intermittent tandem type fault electric arc arcing time it is all shorter be not easily distinguishable, this
Invention provides one kind and determines whether electric arc based on wavelet packet comentropy and K mean cluster algorithm, by seeking adjacent two periods electricity
The method for flowing signal derivative maximum value fractional threshold identification operation electric arc and intermittent tandem type fault electric arc, which is characterized in that
Specific step is as follows:
1) based on the AC220V tandem type fault electric arc experiment porch voluntarily developed, carry out resistive load, resistance sense
The tandem type fault electric arc simulated experiment of load and the experiment of contactor closing operation electric arc.Fault electric arc experiment main circuit include according to
The AC power source of secondary connection, breaker, arc generator, load.Closing operation electric arc experiment main circuit includes AC power source, connects
Tentaculum, breaker, load.Load mainly includes 800W light bulb, 1600W light bulb, 2.2KW zero load threephase asynchronous.
2) 4 layers of WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION are carried out to 5 periodic current signal each before and after arcing, seeks after four layers of wavelet packet decomposition 16
The information entropy of frequency range.
3) K mean cluster is carried out to information entropy when operating normally, intermittent defect electric arc, closing operation electric arc occurs
Analysis.
4) normal current signal and arc current signal are identified by K mean cluster result.
5) derivation processing is carried out to the current signal in K mean cluster result, asks operation electric arc and intermittent defect electric arc
The threshold value of adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value ratio, and as operation electric arc and the conditions for diagnostics of indirect arc.
6) intermittent defect electric arc diagnosis criterion is established.
It is provided by the invention to be based on wavelet packet comentropy, K mean cluster and adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value ratio
The intermittent tandem type fault electric arc recognition methods that maximum threshold combines solves operation electric arc and intermittent tandem type electricity
The erroneous judgement problem of arc improves the accuracy of intermittent tandem type fault electric arc identification, and can be to the stabilization failure that will occur
Electric arc makes early warning, which has general applicability to the intermittent defect electric arc diagnosis of linear load.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fault electric arc experimental circuit of the invention；
Fig. 2 is closing operation electric arc experimental circuit of the invention；
Fig. 3 is LabWIEW data acquisition program block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is 4 × 200W light bulb running current waveform of the invention；
Fig. 5 is 8 × 200W light bulb running current waveform diagram of the invention；
Fig. 6 is 2.2KW threephase asynchronous running current waveform diagram of the invention；
Fig. 7 is 4 × 200W light bulb closing operation arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Fig. 8 is 8 × 200W light bulb closing operation arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Fig. 9 is 2.2KW threephase asynchronous closing operation arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Figure 10 is the present invention 4 × 200W light bulb intermittence tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure；
Figure 11 is 8 × 200W light bulb intermittence tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Figure 12 is 2.2KW threephase asynchronous intermittence tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure of the present invention；
Figure 13 is 4 × 200W light bulb tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Figure 14 is 8 × 200W light bulb tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Figure 15 is 2.2KW asynchronous motor tandem type fault electric arc current waveform figure of the invention；
Figure 16 is when closing operation electric arc occurs, intermittent tandem type fault electric arc occurs, after four layers of wavelet packet decomposition respectively
Band information entropy situation；
Figure 17 is that two rows of lights of the present invention work normally, closing operation electric arc occurs, intermittent tandem type fault electric arc occurs
When, each band information entropy situation after four layers of wavelet packet decomposition；
Figure 18 is that 2.2KW zero load motor of the present invention works normally, closing operation electric arc occurs, intermittent tandem type event occurs
When hindering electric arc, each band information entropy situation after four layers of wavelet packet decomposition；
When Figure 19 is that Several Typical Load of the present invention works normally, closing operation electric arc occurs, wavelet packet comentropy cluster result；
Figure 20 is that Several Typical Load of the present invention works normally, closing operation electric arc occurs, intermittent tandem type failure electricity occurs
When arc, wavelet packet comentropy cluster result；
Figure 21 is the detection criteria that intermittent tandem type fault electric arc occurs for resistive, resistance inductive load of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
(1), experimental circuit designs
1. main circuit
The present invention has developed fault electric arc imitative experimental appliance according to UL1699 standard.Fault electric arc simulated experiment main circuit
As shown in Figure 1.Main circuit is made of AC power source, breaker, arc generator, load.Arc generator by stationary electrode and
Traveling electrode composition.Stationary electrode is cylindricality copper rod, and traveling electrode is taper copper rod.Well connecing for two electrodes is realized first
Then touching is moved in translation electrode by stepper motor and separates with stationary electrode, mobile when arc generator occurs to stablize electric arc
Electrode stops.The current signal acquired in real time is sent by signal conditioning circuit to data and is adopted by current transformer, voltage transformer
Truck.
It is as shown in Figure 2 to operate electric arc main circuit.Main circuit is made of AC power source, contactor, breaker, load.Wherein
Using main noddle on contactor when closing a floodgate the electric arc that generates as operation electric arc, and by signal conditioning circuit acquisition arc current and
Arc voltage is finally sent to data collecting card.
Load includes 800W light bulb, 1600W light bulb, 2.2KW zero load threephase asynchronous.
2. data acquisition software designs
The present invention acquires data upload to one equipped with LabVIEW2013 professional version with the data collecting card that NI company produces
Display storage is carried out in the PC machine of software.Data acquisition LabVIEW software program is shown in Fig. 3.Wherein 1 is current signal time sequence
Column, 2 voltage signal time serieses.By this program, it can be achieved that electric current, the acquisition of voltage signal and waveform are shown.
(2), specific experiment scheme
Specific experiment scheme is as shown in table 1:
1 experimental program of table
| Test group | Loadtype | Operating voltage/V | Operating current/A |
| 1 | Light bulb 200W*4 | 220 | 3.6 |
| 2 | Light bulb 200W*8 | 220 | 7.2 |
| 3 | Three-phase motor 2KW (zero load) | 380 | 5.0 |
(3), intermittent tandem type fault electric arc, operation electric arc criterion
1. testing current signal acquisition
Fig. 4-Figure 15 is the experiment current signal of LabVIEW acquisition.Fig. 4-Fig. 6 is shown in experimentation to be adopted by data
800W light bulb that truck acquires in real time, 1600W light bulb, current signal when 2.2KW zero load motor operates normally.Fig. 7-Fig. 9 is
Current signal of the Several Typical Load when closing operation electric arc occurs.Figure 10-12 is that intermittent defect electric arc is occurring for Several Typical Load
When current signal.Figure 13-Figure 15 is current signal when fault electric arc occurs to stablize for Several Typical Load.It can be sent out by Fig. 4-Figure 15
It is existing, it operates electric arc and the jitterbug arc duration is all shorter, within 5 periods；It is supported on generation and stablizes failure
Intermittent tandem type fault electric arc all has occurred before electric arc, therefore, event can be stablized using jitterbug electric arc as generation
Hinder the pre-warning signal of electric arc.
2. four layers of wavelet packet decomposed and reconstituted to seek each band information entropy
Each 5 are operated normally after closing operation electric arc, intermittent defect electric arc, arc occurs to experiment load current signal
The current signal in period carries out four layers of sym5 wavelet packet decomposition, and seeks each band information entropy.
Wavelet packet analysis is a kind of higher signal analysis method of time frequency resolution, overcomes wavelet analysis in low-frequency range
Between poor, poor in the high-band frequency resolution ratio disadvantage of resolution ratio.If signal is y (t), then recurrence formula is as follows:
H (k) is high-pass filter group, and g (k) is low-pass filter group.{yn(t) } it is referred to as Orthogonal Wavelet Packet, is original signal
Whole decomposition results of all frequency ranges on various scales.Enable k=n-2j, thenFor signal for scale j in frequency range
Decomposition result on k.
Comentropy formula used in the present invention is
M=1 in formula (2), 2 ..., 16 be the band number of reconstruction signal, x (ti) be current signal time series, n be adopt
Number of samples.
Inventor is operating normally to every kind of Several Typical Load, intermittent defect electric arc occurs, occurring under closing operation electric arc
Each 10 groups of data carry out the calculating of wavelet packet comentropy, and wherein 800W light bulb, 1600W light bulb, 2.2KW zero load motor are normally being transported
Wavelet packet comentropy such as Figure 16-of 5 periodic current signals when row, generation intermittent defect electric arc, generation closing operation electric arc
Shown in Figure 18.By calculating comentropy as it can be seen that being supported on normal operation, the intermittent arc fault of generation, generation closing operation electricity
Information entropy is changed when arc, i.e., the amplitude and energy of each band current signal are varied.
3. wavelet packet comentropy K mean cluster is analyzed
Inventor is supported on normal operation to 800W light bulb, 1600W light bulb, every kind of motor of 2.2KW zero load, intermittence occurs
Comentropy in the case of fault electric arc, three kinds of closing operation electric arc of generation carries out K mean cluster analysis.Analyze result such as Figure 19-
Shown in Figure 20, wherein horizontal axis is sample number, and the longitudinal axis is classification results.It appears from figure 19 that K mean cluster can be realized to arc signal
With the classification of normal operation signal, discrimination is up to 97%；As shown in Figure 20, K mean cluster cannot achieve to intermittent operation electricity
The classification of arc and closing operation electric arc.
4. the adjacent two periods derivative maximum value ratio calculation of current signal time series
It cannot achieve for solution wavelet packet comentropy K mean cluster and intermittent operation electric arc and closing operation electric arc divided
Class problem, the present invention take in experimental program Several Typical Load 5 groups each when closing operation electric arc, intermittent jitterbug electric arc occurs
Current signal analyzes every group of signal 10 cycle time sequence, and seeks adjacent two periods derivative maximum value ratio, as a result sees
Table 2.
2 10 periodic current signal time sequence derivative value maximum value ratio of table
5. asking intermittent tandem type fault electric arc and closing operation electric arc threshold value
By table 2 it is found that the adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value maximum value ratio of intermittent tandem type fault electric arc very
It is small, maximum value 1.46；The adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value maximum value ratio of closing operation electric arc is larger, and minimum value is
84.06.Therefore, adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value maximum value ratio can be used as intermittent tandem type fault electric arc and close a floodgate
Operate electric arc diagnostic criteria, if that is, adjacent two periods arc current signal derivative value maximum value ratio less than 3, for intermittence
Tandem type fault electric arc；Adjacent two periods arc current signal derivative value maximum value ratio is then operation electric arc if more than 80.
6. intermittent tandem type fault electric arc criterion is established
The present invention establishes intermittent tandem type fault electric arc criterion, as shown in Figure 21 according to above-mentioned 1-5 item.That is root first
Four layers of wavelet packet decomposition are carried out according to current signal time series and seek comentropy, and K mean value then is carried out to 16 band information entropy
Whether clustering, diagnosis occur electric arc, then seek adjacent two periods derivative maximum value ratio to arc current signal, pass through
Whether threshold decision occurs intermittent arc fault, finally, if intermittent arc fault occurs, electric arc early warning of breaking down letter
Number, it is ready for diagnosis tandem type fault electric arc.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any load passes through wavelet packet comentropy and K mean cluster and adjacent two period
Within derivative value maximum value ratio identification intermittent defect electric arc and operation electric arc all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. one kind determines whether electric arc based on wavelet packet comentropy and K mean cluster algorithm, by asking adjacent two periodic current to believe
The method of number derivative maximum value ratio identification closing operation electric arc and intermittent tandem type fault electric arc, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
1) current signal time series is obtained；
2) tetra- layers of wavelet packet sym5 decomposition, reconstruct are carried out to current signal, seeks each band information entropy；
3) K mean cluster analysis is carried out to wavelet packet comentropy, is divided into two class of arc current signal and normal operating current signal,
If arc current signal, then follow the steps 4), if normal operating current signal, then return step 1)；
4) to adjacent 10 period arc current signal time sequence derivation, and adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative maximum value ratio is sought
Value is determined as closing operation electric arc if ratio maximum value is greater than closing operation electric arc threshold value, if ratio maximum value is less than interval
Property fault electric arc threshold value, then be determined as intermittent defect electric arc, and issue failure electric arc pre-warning signal.
2. according to claim 1 determine whether electric arc based on wavelet packet comentropy and K mean cluster algorithm, by seeking phase
The method of adjacent two periodic current signal derivative maximum value ratios identification closing operation electric arc and intermittent tandem type fault electric arc,
It is characterized in that, the step 2) specifically:
Using sym5 as wavelet packet basis, to normal operating current, closing operation arc current, intermittent defect arc current each 5 weeks
Phase signal carries out four layers of wavelet packet and decomposes, reconstructs, and seeks information entropy to each frequency range reconstruction signal, and comentropy passes through following public affairs
Formula calculates:
M=1 in formula, 2 ..., 16 be the band number of reconstruction signal, x (ti) be current signal time series, n is sampled point
Number.
3. according to claim 2 determine whether electric arc based on wavelet packet comentropy and K mean cluster algorithm, by seeking phase
The method of adjacent two periodic current signal derivative maximum value ratios identification closing operation electric arc and intermittent tandem type fault electric arc,
It being characterized in that, the adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value maximum value fractional threshold of closing operation electric arc is 80 in the step 4),
The adjacent two periodic currents signal derivative value maximum value fractional threshold of intermittent defect electric arc is 3.
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| CN110456234B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fault arc detection method, device and system |
| CN112183628B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-01-17 | 浙江常有电气有限公司 | Alternating current arc fault detection method and system based on multiple linear time-frequency transformations |
| CN112415350B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-12-20 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Online detection method and device for series arc fault |
| CN114966281B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-05-26 | 中铁电气化局集团有限公司 | Lightning arrester characteristic live tester |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090168277A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Sriram Changali | Series arc fault current interrupter apparatus |
| CN201805222U (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-04-20 | 沈阳工业大学 | Series fault arc detection device adopting wavelet entropy |
| CN103278711A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 福州大学 | Method for early detecting and identifying short-circuit faults and series arc faults |
| CN103915818A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-09 | 河北工业大学 | Series connection fault electric arc detecting method and special device thereof |
| CN104360205A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 河北工业大学 | Cascaded arc fault detection method and special device for cascaded arc fault detection method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090168277A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Sriram Changali | Series arc fault current interrupter apparatus |
| CN201805222U (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-04-20 | 沈阳工业大学 | Series fault arc detection device adopting wavelet entropy |
| CN103278711A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 福州大学 | Method for early detecting and identifying short-circuit faults and series arc faults |
| CN103915818A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-09 | 河北工业大学 | Series connection fault electric arc detecting method and special device thereof |
| CN104360205A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 河北工业大学 | Cascaded arc fault detection method and special device for cascaded arc fault detection method |
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