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CN106916362B - Halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106916362B
CN106916362B CN201510988552.2A CN201510988552A CN106916362B CN 106916362 B CN106916362 B CN 106916362B CN 201510988552 A CN201510988552 A CN 201510988552A CN 106916362 B CN106916362 B CN 106916362B
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flame
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polyolefin resin
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CN106916362A (en
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赵国栋
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Guangzhou Yinyuan New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
    • C08L23/0853—Ethene vinyl acetate copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/22—Halogen free composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin and a preparation method thereof, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyolefin resin, 20-100 parts of halogen-free composite flame retardant, 1-20 parts of flame-retardant synergist, 0.1-10 parts of compatilizer and 1-10 parts of processing aid; the polyolefin resin is composed of 0-50% of polyethylene resin and 50-100% of ethylene copolymer; the halogen-free composite flame retardant consists of 15-85% of hypophosphite flame retardant, 12-85% of melamine polyphosphate and 0-3% of triazine charring agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the components, extruding and molding at the temperature of 120-180 ℃, wherein the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin can be applied to the insulating outer layer of the wire and the cable. The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin has the advantages of good flame retardant ratio and ideal flame-retardant effect, the flame-retardant synergist improves the flame-retardant performance synergistically, and the polyolefin resin has good insulating property.

Description

Halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of halogen-free flame retardant plastics in the technical field, in particular to halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When a fire disaster happens, a large amount of smoke and toxic corrosive hydrogen halide gas are generated in the flame retardant process of the halogen-containing flame retardant material, so that secondary harm is caused. Therefore, with the increase of environmental protection awareness, halogen-free flame retardant products are more and more popular with researchers and consumers.
Currently, the main research directions of halogen-free flame retardants are roughly divided into inorganic phosphorus flame retardants such as red phosphorus, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid or polymetaphosphoric acid, and organic phosphorus flame retardants such as phosphate, phosphonate, phosphine oxide, etc. Inorganic phosphorus flame retardants represented by red phosphorus are prone to generate highly toxic gases or cause secondary explosion under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and their application range is greatly limited. The presence of ammonium polyphosphate causes deterioration of electrical properties, and also deterioration of flame retardancy with time.
The Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) is a high-efficiency flame retardant which is developed recently, and the IFR is a flame retardant taking C, N, P as a core component and generally comprises three parts: the carbon-containing multifunctional group substance is used as a carbon forming agent, inorganic acid or salt of in-situ formed acid is used as an acid source, and the nitrogen-containing multi-carbon compound is used as a gas source. The flame retardant mechanism is as follows: when heated, the carbon forming agent is dehydrated into carbon under the action of an acid source, and a fluffy carbon layer with a porous closed structure is formed under the action of gas decomposed by the gas source, and the carbon layer can weaken heat transfer between the polymer and the heat source and prevent gas diffusion.
The acid former and the compound flame retardant of the nitrogen-containing compound can also meet better flame-retardant requirements, for example, patent 103429655A discloses a flame-retardant resin taking polyolefin and styrene elastomer as base materials, and aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate are compounded to meet the flame-retardant requirement of VW-1. For another example, patent 103113649a discloses a flame-retardant polyolefin polymer, which is prepared by compounding hypophosphite flame retardant and ammonium salt to prepare high flame-retardant V0 resin, and patent 103265752a discloses a flame-retardant resin which is prepared by using polyethylene and ethylene copolymer as base materials, and the flame-retardant polymer prepared by compounding the phosphorus-nitrogen polymer flame retardant, boric acid compounds and synergistic additives can reach the V0 level. Wherein the phosphorus-nitrogen polymer is a composition of melamine or phosphate.
It can be seen that much work is done in the industry, but a good flame retardant resin is not provided for the application of the ethylene polymer and the resin taking the polyethylene polymer as the base material in the wire and cable and pipe industries. This patent is through reasonable optimal ratio to minimum addition obtains optimal fire behaviour.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin with flame-retardant synergistic effect.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following components in parts by weight: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyolefin resin, 20-100 parts of halogen-free composite flame retardant, 1-20 parts of flame-retardant synergist, 0.1-10 parts of compatilizer and 1-10 parts of processing aid;
the polyolefin resin is composed of 0-50% of polyethylene resin and 50-100% of ethylene copolymer;
the halogen-free composite flame retardant consists of 15-85% of hypophosphite flame retardant, 12-85% of melamine polyphosphate and 0-3% of triazine charring agent;
the flame retardant synergist is metal oxide;
the processing aid comprises a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a lubricant.
Preferably, the hypophosphorous acid-based flame retardant is one or more of aluminum hypophosphite, magnesium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, iron hypophosphite, aluminum diethylphosphinate, magnesium diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, calcium diethylphosphinate, iron diethylphosphinate, aluminum dimethylphosphinate, magnesium dimethylphosphinate, zinc dimethylphosphinate, calcium dimethylphosphinate, iron dimethylphosphinate, aluminum dipropylphosphinate, aluminum dibutylphosphinate, aluminum dipentylphosphinate, aluminum methylethylphosphinate, aluminum methylpropylphosphinate, aluminum methylbutylphosphinate, aluminum ethylpropylphosphinate, and aluminum ethylbutylphosphinate.
Preferably, the triazine-based char-forming agent is hydroxyalkylaminediamine triazine.
Preferably, the metal oxide is one or more of antimony trioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, manganese dioxide and ferric oxide.
Preferably, the compatibilizer is a maleic anhydride graft polymer or a maleic anhydride graft copolymer.
Preferably, the compatibilizer is one or more of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer, and ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer.
Preferably, the type of the coupling agent is one or two or more of silanes, titanates, and stearic acids.
Preferably, the processing aid consists of 5-20% of coupling agent, 5-20% of antioxidant, 5-30% of lubricant, 0-20% of colorant and 0-20% of carbon black.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide the above method for preparing halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin, which is characterized in that the components are uniformly mixed and extruded at 120-180 ℃.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the non-flame-retardant polyolefin resin on the insulating outer layer of the wire and the cable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin is adopted, and the proportion of the halogen-free composite flame retardant is adjusted to form a protective layer with ideal flame-retardant effect;
2. the inorganic metal oxide is adopted to improve the flame retardance synergistically, and meanwhile, the inorganic metal oxide can well keep the flame retardant material to have good resistivity and insulativity;
3. the invention adopts polyolefin resin as a matrix, adds the compatilizer to improve the adhesive force of the flame-retardant material on a conductor, and simultaneously improves the dispersion uniformity of the flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist in a system.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyolefin resin, 20-100 parts of halogen-free composite flame retardant, 1-20 parts of flame-retardant synergist, 0.1-10 parts of compatilizer and 1-10 parts of processing aid;
the polyolefin resin is composed of 0-50% of polyethylene resin and 50-100% of ethylene copolymer;
the halogen-free composite flame retardant consists of 15-85% of hypophosphite flame retardant, 12-85% of melamine polyphosphate and 0-3% of triazine charring agent;
the proportioning composition of the halogen-free composite flame retardant plays a decisive role in the flame retardance of the halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin.
The flame retardant synergist is metal oxide; the particle size of the metal oxide is preferably 0.2 to 10 μm;
on one hand, the flame retardant synergist can improve the flame retardant property of the halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin in a synergistic manner, and simultaneously keep good resistivity and insulating property.
The processing aid comprises a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a lubricant.
The coupling agent is mainly used for promoting the crosslinking and curing of the polyolefin resin.
In the following examples, the triazine charring agent is hydroxyalkylaminediamine triazine.
Example 1:
a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of polyethylene, 90 parts of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), 50 parts of flame retardant, 10 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of EVA-g-MAH (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), 0.2 part of titanate, 2 parts of carbon black, 1 part of antioxidant 1010 and 3 parts of PE (polyethylene) wax.
The preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 10kg of polyethylene, 90kg of EVA, 50kg of flame retardant, 10kg of zinc oxide, 2kg of EVA-g-MAH, 0.2kg of titanate, 2kg of carbon black, 1kg of antioxidant 1010 and 3kg of PE wax, and granulating and packaging by adopting a double screw.
Wherein, the flame retardant component information is as follows:
example 1 a: 90% of aluminum hypophosphite, 7% of melamine polyphosphate and 3% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 b: 83% of aluminum hypophosphite, 12% of melamine polyphosphate and 5% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 c: 85% of aluminum hypophosphite, 12% of melamine polyphosphate and 3% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 d: 63% of aluminum hypophosphite, 35% of melamine polyphosphate and 2% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 e: 64% of aluminum hypophosphite, 35% of melamine polyphosphate and 1% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 f: 64.5 percent of aluminum hypophosphite, 35 percent of melamine polyphosphate and 0.5 percent of triazine charring agent;
example 1 g: 50% of magnesium diethylphosphinate, 47% of melamine polyphosphate and 3% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 h: 30% of dibutyl aluminum hypophosphite, 68% of melamine polyphosphate and 2% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 i: 15% of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 20% of aluminum hypophosphite, 62% of melamine polyphosphate and 3% of triazine charring agent;
example 1 j: 75% of zinc diethylphosphinate and 25% of melamine polyphosphate;
example 1 k: 15% of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite and 85% of melamine polyphosphate;
example 1 l: 100% of aluminum hypophosphite;
example 1 m: 100% of melamine polyphosphate;
example 1 n: 100 percent of triazine charring agent.
The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin is extruded, an extruder is adopted to coat the flame-retardant material on a conductor, such as a wire and a cable, the cooling and the sizing are carried out, and an electron accelerator is adopted to carry out irradiation crosslinking. The performance measurements after irradiation are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of flame retardant composition on product Properties
Examples Tensile strength MPa Elongation at break% Volume resistivity omega Flame retardancy1)
1a 10.9 385 2×1014 NG
1b 11.3 445 1×1014 All-tubing
1c 11.4 460 2×1014 VW-1
1d 11.2 440 2×1014 VW-1
1e 11.0 405 2×1014 VW-1
1f 11.5 470 2×1014 VW-1
1g 11.2 410 4×1014 VW-1
1h 11.5 450 4×1014 VW-1
1i 10.1 385 3×1014 VW-1
1j 10.6 395 4×1014 VW-1
1k 10.6 390 4×1014 VW-1
1l 10.7 395 2×1014 NG
1m 12.3 450 6×1014 NG
1n 11.0 420 8×1013 NG
I) The method comprises the following steps The flame retardancy test was carried out according to UL224 Standard.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1a and examples 1b-i, the flame retardancy of the final product is greatly reduced when the phosphate content as the acid source in the flame retardant system exceeds 85%, which may be caused by too much acid forming agent and too little gas source and char forming agent content, so that the wrapping layer cannot form an effective flame retardant barrier layer during the combustion process. As is clear from comparison of examples 1b-i with examples 1j-k, the flame retardancy of the system is not greatly affected by the absence of the triazine-based char-forming agent; as can be seen from the comparison between example 1b and example 1c, the flame retardant performance of the system is slightly reduced when the amount of the triazine carbon forming agent is more than 3%; as can be seen from the comparison of examples 1c-f, the triazine based char-forming agent is used in an amount within the range of 1-3% for flame retardancy. From the results of the flame retardancy tests of examples 1l to n, it is found that the flame retardant resin system has poor flame retardancy when the phosphate melamine polyphosphate and the triazine charring agent are used alone.
Example 2:
a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following components in parts by weight:
25 parts of polyethylene, 75 parts of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), 50 parts of flame retardant, 10 parts of flame retardant synergist, 0.1 part of EVA-g-MAH (ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride), 1.5 parts of titanate, 5 parts of carbon black, 1 part of antioxidant 1010 and 1.5 parts of PE (polyethylene) wax.
The preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following steps: 25kg of polyethylene, 75kg of EVA, 50kg of flame retardant, 10kg of flame retardant synergist, 0.1kg of EVA-g-MAH, 1.5kg of titanate, 5kg of carbon black, 1kg of antioxidant 1010 and 1.5kg of PE wax are uniformly mixed, and are granulated and packaged by adopting a double screw. Wherein, the flame retardant synergist is respectively selected from hydroxide or metal oxide, as shown in Table 2.
In this example, a blank control was set, i.e., no flame retardant synergist was added.
Wherein the flame retardant consists of: 63% of aluminum hypophosphite, 35% of melamine polyphosphate and 2% of triazine charring agent.
The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin is extruded, an extruder is adopted to coat the flame-retardant material on the conductor, the conductor is cooled and shaped, and an electron accelerator is adopted to carry out irradiation crosslinking. After irradiation, performance detection is carried out, and the composition information and the performance detection result of the flame-retardant synergist are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of flame retardant synergists on product Properties
Figure BSA0000125005990000071
Note I): the grain diameter of the flame-retardant synergist is less than 20 mu m.
As can be seen from the comparison between examples 2a-h and the blank control, the flame retardant synergist has a great synergistic effect in enhancing the flame retardancy of the flame retardant material, and particularly, the volume resistivity of the flame retardant material is not reduced after the flame retardant synergist is added, and good resistivity and insulation are maintained.
As can be seen from the comparison of the performance results of examples 2a-e with comparative examples 2f-h, the metal oxide can better improve the flame retardancy of the halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin compared to the hydroxide. The metal oxide is used as a flame-retardant synergist, so that the volume resistivity of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin can be effectively improved, and the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin has better insulativity; moreover, compared with the condition that hydroxide is decomposed into oxide and water at high temperature, the metal oxide is stable at high temperature, and the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin coating layer can be ensured to have better integrity at high temperature.
Example 3:
a halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of polyethylene, 50 parts of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), 50 parts of flame retardant, 10 parts of zinc oxide, 3 parts of compatilizer, 0.1 part of titanate, 2 parts of carbon black, 0.5 part of antioxidant 1010 and 5 parts of PE (polyethylene) wax.
The preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin comprises the following steps: 50kg of polyethylene, 50kg of EVA, 50kg of flame retardant, 10kg of zinc oxide, 3kg of compatilizer, 0.1kg of titanate, 2kg of carbon black, 0.5kg of antioxidant 1010 and 5kg of PE wax are uniformly mixed, and granulation and packaging are carried out by adopting a double screw.
Wherein the flame retardant consists of: 85% of aluminum hypophosphite, 12% of melamine polyphosphate and 3% of triazine charring agent.
The composition information of the compatibilizer is as follows:
example 3 a: maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, referred to as PE-g-MAH;
example 3 b: maleic anhydride grafted ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer;
example 3 c: maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymers;
example 3 d: ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymers;
this example also provided a blank, i.e., no compatibilizer was added.
The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin is used for extruding wires and cables, an extruder is used for coating the flame-retardant material on the conductor, the conductor is cooled and shaped, and an electron accelerator is used for irradiation crosslinking. The performance test was performed after irradiation, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of compatibilizers on product Properties
Figure BSA0000125005990000091
From the comparison of examples 3a-d with the blank, it is clear that the type of compatibilizer has a greater effect on the tensile strength. The compatilizer can effectively promote the dispersibility and uniformity of the flame-retardant synergist and the insoluble processing aid in a system, and synergistically improve the flame-retardant property of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin. As can be seen from the comparison between examples 3a-d, the halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin resin has desirable flame retardancy, volume resistivity and mechanical properties when the compatibilizer is a maleic anhydride graft copolymer.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyolefin resin, 20-100 parts of halogen-free composite flame retardant, 1-20 parts of flame-retardant synergist, 0.1-10 parts of compatilizer and 1-10 parts of processing aid; the polyolefin resin is composed of 0-50% of polyethylene resin and 50-100% of ethylene copolymer; the halogen-free composite flame retardant consists of 63-85% of hypophosphite flame retardant, melamine polyphosphate complemented to 100% and 1-3% of triazine charring agent; the flame retardant synergist is metal oxide; the processing aid comprises a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a lubricant; the hypophosphite flame retardant is aluminum hypophosphite; the triazine charring agent is hydroxyalkylaminodiamine triazine; the compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; the metal oxide is antimony trioxide.
2. The halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin according to claim 1, wherein the type of the coupling agent is one or two or more of silanes, titanates, and stearic acids.
3. The method for preparing the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin as described in any one of claims 1-2, wherein the components are uniformly mixed and extruded at 180 ℃ at 120 ℃.
4. Use of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin resin according to any of claims 1-2 for the outer layer of wire and cable insulation.
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