CN106788419A - A kind of high performance adjustable wide band radio-frequency oscilator system - Google Patents
A kind of high performance adjustable wide band radio-frequency oscilator system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于射频电路技术领域，具体是涉及一种高性能可调谐宽带射频振荡器系统，其特征在于主要包括依次连接的四晶体负反馈互补振荡器、第二混频器、四分频器、鉴相器、环路滤波器、压控振荡器和数字分频器，所述数字分频器分别连接鉴相器和分频控制器；所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器由恒流源和两条并联的支路构成，每个支路由依次连接的镜像恒流源、分流电路、两个并联的晶振电路以及第一混频器构成。本发明不但可以实现输出频率动态可调，而且还同时具有高频率稳定度、低相位噪声的特点，其具有很强的实用性。
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency circuits, and in particular relates to a high-performance tunable broadband radio frequency oscillator system, which is characterized in that it mainly includes a sequentially connected four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator, a second mixer, a frequency divider by four, A phase detector, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator and a digital frequency divider, the digital frequency divider is respectively connected to the phase detector and the frequency division controller; the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator is composed of a constant current source and Two parallel branches are formed, and each branch is composed of a mirror image constant current source, a shunt circuit, two parallel crystal oscillator circuits and a first mixer connected in sequence. The invention not only can realize the dynamic adjustment of the output frequency, but also has the characteristics of high frequency stability and low phase noise, and has strong practicability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于射频电路技术领域，具体是涉及一种高性能可调谐宽带射频振荡器系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency circuits, and in particular relates to a high-performance tunable broadband radio frequency oscillator system.
背景技术Background technique
目前市面上的射频振荡器系统，大致可以分为以下两大类。The RF oscillator systems currently on the market can be roughly divided into the following two categories.
一类是固定频率的射频振荡器系统，这一类振荡器系统具有频率稳定度高、相位噪声较低的优点，但缺陷是只能产生固定频率的载波，无法满足现代通信中对载波系统频率可调的要求，例如无法满足宽带扫频系统的载波要求。One is the fixed frequency radio frequency oscillator system. This type of oscillator system has the advantages of high frequency stability and low phase noise, but the disadvantage is that it can only generate a fixed frequency carrier, which cannot meet the requirements of the carrier system frequency in modern communications. Tunable requirements, such as the inability to meet the carrier requirements of wideband frequency sweep systems.
另一类是频率可调的射频振荡器系统，它可以在规定的带宽范围内产生动态可调的射频载波；但这一类射频振荡器通常采用倍频技术，将基准频率上升到射频载波频段。因此，这一类振荡器的绝对频率偏差数值被放大了N倍，随着射载波频率的升高，振荡器的频率偏差会越来越大，相位噪声也会越来越高，从而严重影响振荡器的性能。The other is a frequency-adjustable RF oscillator system, which can generate a dynamically adjustable RF carrier within a specified bandwidth; but this type of RF oscillator usually uses frequency doubling technology to increase the reference frequency to the RF carrier frequency band . Therefore, the absolute frequency deviation value of this type of oscillator is magnified by N times. With the increase of the radio carrier frequency, the frequency deviation of the oscillator will become larger and larger, and the phase noise will become higher and higher, which will seriously affect oscillator performance.
因此，如何开发出一种可以实现输出频率动态可调、同时具有高频率稳定度、低相位噪声指标的射频振荡器系统，是目前本领域的技术人员需要解决的一个问题。Therefore, how to develop a radio frequency oscillator system that can realize dynamic adjustment of output frequency, high frequency stability, and low phase noise index is a problem that those skilled in the art need to solve.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种高性能可调谐宽带射频振荡器系统；该系统不但可以实现输出频率动态可调，而且还同时具有高频率稳定度、低相位噪声的特点。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-performance tunable broadband radio frequency oscillator system; the system can not only realize the dynamic adjustment of the output frequency, but also has the characteristics of high frequency stability and low phase noise.
为了达到上述目的，本发明一种高性能可调谐宽带射频振荡器系统，主要包括依次连接的四晶体负反馈互补振荡器、第二混频器、四分频器、鉴相器、环路滤波器、压控振荡器和数字分频器，所述数字分频器分别连接鉴相器和分频控制器；所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器由恒流源和两条并联的支路构成，每个支路由依次连接的镜像恒流源、分流电路、两个并联的晶振电路以及第一混频器构成。In order to achieve the above object, a high-performance tunable broadband radio frequency oscillator system of the present invention mainly includes a four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator, a second mixer, a four-frequency divider, a phase detector, and a loop filter connected in sequence. device, a voltage-controlled oscillator and a digital frequency divider, the digital frequency divider is respectively connected to the phase detector and the frequency division controller; the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator is composed of a constant current source and two parallel branches , each branch is composed of a mirror image constant current source, a shunt circuit, two parallel crystal oscillator circuits and a first mixer connected in sequence.
优选地，所述第一混频器与第二混频器之间设有第一带通滤波器。Preferably, a first bandpass filter is provided between the first mixer and the second mixer.
优选地，所述第二混频器与四分频器之间设有第二带通滤波器。Preferably, a second bandpass filter is provided between the second mixer and the frequency divider by four.
优选地，所述四分频器与鉴相器之间设有第三滤波器。Preferably, a third filter is provided between the four-frequency divider and the phase detector.
所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器由恒流源和两条并联的支路构成，每个支路由依次连接的镜像恒流源、分流电路、两个并联的晶振电路以及第一混频器构成。所述两个并联的晶振电路组成一个高度关联的双晶体互补振荡电路，两晶振电路的分支电流之和等于镜像恒流源电路所产生的标准静态电流。The four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator is composed of a constant current source and two parallel branches, and each branch is composed of a mirrored constant current source, a shunt circuit, two parallel crystal oscillator circuits and a first mixer connected in sequence . The two parallel crystal oscillator circuits form a highly correlated double crystal complementary oscillator circuit, and the sum of the branch currents of the two crystal oscillator circuits is equal to the standard static current generated by the mirror constant current source circuit.
所述第二混频器，主要用于将四晶体负反馈互补振荡器的两支路输出信号进行混频，混频后将产生合频信号以及众多的傅立叶级数混频信号。The second mixer is mainly used for mixing the output signals of the two branches of the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator, and will generate a combined frequency signal and a large number of Fourier series mixed signals after the frequency mixing.
所述四分频器，主要作用在于把合频信号降低为基准信号。The main function of the four-frequency divider is to reduce the combined frequency signal to a reference signal.
所述第一带通滤波器、第二带通滤波器和第三带通滤波器，其作用是滤除其他的频率分量，以得到纯净的频率。The functions of the first band-pass filter, the second band-pass filter and the third band-pass filter are to filter out other frequency components to obtain pure frequencies.
所述鉴相器主要用于鉴别基准频率信号与压控振荡器分频后信号的相位差异，从而得到两者的差分信号，用作下一步处理。The phase detector is mainly used to identify the phase difference between the reference frequency signal and the frequency-divided signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator, so as to obtain a differential signal between the two, which is used for the next step of processing.
所述环路滤波器主要用于滤除鉴相器输出的混合信号中的高频成分，只保留直流信号，并将其提供给压控振荡器，作为VCO的振荡控制电压。The loop filter is mainly used to filter out the high-frequency components in the mixed signal output by the phase detector, and only keep the DC signal, and provide it to the voltage-controlled oscillator as the oscillation control voltage of the VCO.
压控振荡器(VCO)是系统的信号输出源，它是一个输出频率受控的振荡源，以环路滤波器得到的直流电压作为控制信号，产生振荡频率，输出射频载波。The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the signal output source of the system. It is an oscillation source with controlled output frequency. The DC voltage obtained by the loop filter is used as the control signal to generate the oscillation frequency and output the RF carrier.
所述数字分频器是一个分频系数N可变的分频器，主要作用在于将压控振荡器的高频输出信号降为低频，然后输入鉴相器，使之与基准信号进行鉴相。The digital frequency divider is a frequency divider with a variable frequency division coefficient N, and its main function is to reduce the high-frequency output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator to a low frequency, and then input it into the phase detector to make phase discrimination with the reference signal .
所述分频控制器主要用于产生数字分频器的分频系数N。The frequency division controller is mainly used to generate the frequency division coefficient N of the digital frequency divider.
本发明不但可以实现输出频率动态可调，而且还同时具有高频率稳定度、低相位噪声的特点，其具有很强的实用性。The invention not only can realize the dynamic adjustment of the output frequency, but also has the characteristics of high frequency stability and low phase noise, and has strong practicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本系统的整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system;
图2为四晶体负反馈互补振荡器的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator.
其中，1为四晶体负反馈互补振荡器，11为镜像恒流源，121、122为晶振电路，13为分流电路，14为恒流源，21为第一混频器，22为第二混频器，31为第一带通滤波器，32为第二带通滤波器，33为第三带通滤波器，4为四分频器，5为鉴相器，6为环路滤波器，7为压控振荡器，8为数字分频器，9为分频控制器。Among them, 1 is a four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator, 11 is a mirror constant current source, 121 and 122 are crystal oscillator circuits, 13 is a shunt circuit, 14 is a constant current source, 21 is the first mixer, and 22 is the second mixer. Frequency converter, 31 is the first band-pass filter, 32 is the second band-pass filter, 33 is the third band-pass filter, 4 is a four-frequency divider, 5 is a phase detector, 6 is a loop filter, 7 is a voltage-controlled oscillator, 8 is a digital frequency divider, and 9 is a frequency division controller.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
参照图1，本发明实施例一种高性能可调谐宽带射频振荡器系统，主要包括依次连接的四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1、第二混频器22、四分频器4、鉴相器5、环路滤波器6、压控振荡器7和数字分频器8，所述数字分频器8分别连接鉴相器5和分频控制器9；所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1由恒流源14和两条并联的支路构成，每个支路由依次连接的镜像恒流源11、分流电路13、两个并联的晶振电路121、晶振电路122以及第一混频器21构成。Referring to Fig. 1, a high-performance tunable broadband radio frequency oscillator system according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1, a second mixer 22, a four-frequency divider 4, and a phase detector connected in sequence 5. Loop filter 6, voltage controlled oscillator 7 and digital frequency divider 8, said digital frequency divider 8 is respectively connected to phase detector 5 and frequency division controller 9; said four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1 It consists of a constant current source 14 and two parallel branches, each branch is composed of a mirrored constant current source 11, a shunt circuit 13, two parallel crystal oscillator circuits 121, a crystal oscillator circuit 122 and a first mixer 21 connected in sequence .
所述第一混频器21与第二混频器22之间设有第一带通滤波器31，第二混频器22与四分频器4之间设有第二带通滤波器32。所述四分频器4与鉴相器5之间设有第三滤波器33。A first band-pass filter 31 is provided between the first mixer 21 and the second mixer 22, and a second band-pass filter 32 is provided between the second mixer 22 and the quarter frequency divider 4 . A third filter 33 is provided between the four frequency divider 4 and the phase detector 5 .
所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1由恒流源14和两条并联的支路构成，每个支路由依次连接的镜像恒流源11、分流电路13、两个并联的晶振电路121、晶振电路122以及第一混频器21构成。所述两个并联的晶振电路121和晶振电路122组成一个高度关联的双晶体互补振荡电路，晶振电路121和晶振电路122的分支电流之和等于镜像恒流源电路11所产生的标准静态电流。由于标准静态电流恒定不变，当晶振电路121的电流增大，晶振电路122的电流则减小；反之，当晶振电路121的电流减小，晶振电路122的电流则增大。The four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1 is composed of a constant current source 14 and two parallel branches, each branch is connected in turn by a mirrored constant current source 11, a shunt circuit 13, two parallel crystal oscillator circuits 121, and a crystal oscillator The circuit 122 and the first mixer 21 constitute. The two parallel crystal oscillator circuits 121 and 122 form a highly correlated double crystal complementary oscillator circuit, and the sum of the branch currents of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 and the crystal oscillator circuit 122 is equal to the standard quiescent current generated by the mirror constant current source circuit 11. Since the standard quiescent current remains constant, when the current of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 increases, the current of the crystal oscillator circuit 122 decreases; conversely, when the current of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 decreases, the current of the crystal oscillator circuit 122 increases.
由于静态电流是影响晶振性能的外界因素，假设在某种外界干扰的影响下，晶振电路121的电流增大，从而引起该电路晶振的振荡频率增加，那么与此同时，晶振电路122的静态电流一定会等幅度减小，从而引起晶振电路122的晶振的振荡频率下降，又因为晶振电路121和晶振电路122完全对称，所以晶振电路122的晶振减小的频率刚好等于晶振电路121的晶振增加的频率，从而实现了两个晶振的输出频率完全互补，也就是说两个晶振的输出合频信号的数值保持恒定，从而大大提高了双晶振输出频率的稳定度。四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1的每个支路可以说是一个双晶体互补振荡器；由于双晶体互补振荡器实现了输出信号频率偏差的相互抵销，因此大幅提高了输出信号的质量和性能，为整个系统提供了高稳定的参考信号源。Since the quiescent current is an external factor affecting the performance of the crystal oscillator, assuming that under the influence of some external disturbance, the current of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 increases, thereby causing the oscillation frequency of the circuit crystal oscillator to increase, then at the same time, the quiescent current of the crystal oscillator circuit 122 It will definitely decrease in equal amplitude, thereby causing the oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator of the crystal oscillator circuit 122 to decrease, and because the crystal oscillator circuit 121 and the crystal oscillator circuit 122 are completely symmetrical, the frequency at which the crystal oscillator of the crystal oscillator circuit 122 decreases is just equal to the increase of the crystal oscillator of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 Frequency, so that the output frequencies of the two crystal oscillators are completely complementary, that is to say, the value of the output combined frequency signal of the two crystal oscillators remains constant, thereby greatly improving the stability of the output frequency of the dual crystal oscillators. Each branch of the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1 can be said to be a dual-crystal complementary oscillator; since the dual-crystal complementary oscillator realizes the mutual cancellation of the frequency deviation of the output signal, the quality and performance of the output signal are greatly improved , providing a highly stable reference signal source for the entire system.
双晶体互补振荡器输出的振荡信号经过第一混频器21以后，可得到2倍频率的振荡信号2f0，也就是晶振电路121和晶振电路122的晶振频率合频信号，然后此信号经过第一带通滤波器31滤除杂波，就得到了频率为2f0的高稳定输出信号。After the oscillating signal output by the dual-crystal complementary oscillator passes through the first mixer 21, an oscillating signal 2f 0 with twice the frequency can be obtained, that is, the combined frequency signal of the crystal oscillator frequency of the crystal oscillator circuit 121 and the crystal oscillator circuit 122, and then this signal passes through the second The one-pass filter 31 filters out the clutter, and a highly stable output signal with a frequency of 2f 0 is obtained.
所述四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1的另一支路的原理与上段所述支路的原理完全相同。根据“平均值消除误差”原理，如果将这两路双晶体互补振荡器的电路的输出信号再次进行合频，将得到频率为4f0的合频信号，如果将4f0的合频信号进行求平均计算，将得到频率为f0的平均值信号。因为经过了平均处理，所以该平均值信号f0的误差将进一步减小，信号的质量将进一步提高。经测试，与普通晶振电路相比较，四晶体互补振荡器的频率稳定度提高了5倍以上，10KHz频偏的相位噪声降低了9dB左右。The principle of the other branch of the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1 is exactly the same as that of the branch described in the above paragraph. According to the principle of "mean value elimination error", if the output signals of the two dual-crystal complementary oscillator circuits are combined again, a combined frequency signal with a frequency of 4f 0 will be obtained. If the combined frequency signal of 4f 0 is calculated Average calculation, will get the average signal of frequency f 0 . Because of the average processing, the error of the average signal f 0 will be further reduced, and the quality of the signal will be further improved. After testing, compared with the ordinary crystal oscillator circuit, the frequency stability of the four-crystal complementary oscillator is increased by more than 5 times, and the phase noise of the 10KHz frequency deviation is reduced by about 9dB.
所述第二混频器22，主要用于将四晶体负反馈互补振荡器1的两支路输出信号进行混频，混频后将产生合频信号以及众多的傅立叶级数混频信号。The second mixer 22 is mainly used for mixing the output signals of the two branches of the four-crystal negative feedback complementary oscillator 1 , and will generate combined frequency signals and numerous Fourier series mixed signals after frequency mixing.
所述四分频器4，主要作用在于把合频信号降低为基准信号f0。The main function of the frequency divider 4 is to reduce the combined frequency signal to the reference signal f 0 .
所述第一带通滤波器31、第二带通滤波器32和第三带通滤波器33，其作用是滤除其他的频率分量，以得到纯净的频率。The function of the first band-pass filter 31 , the second band-pass filter 32 and the third band-pass filter 33 is to filter out other frequency components to obtain pure frequencies.
所述鉴相器5主要用于鉴别基准频率信号与压控振荡器7分频后信号的相位差异，从而得到两者的差分信号，用作下一步处理。The phase detector 5 is mainly used to identify the phase difference between the reference frequency signal and the signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator divided by 7, so as to obtain a differential signal between the two, which is used for the next step of processing.
所述环路滤波器6主要用于滤除鉴相器输出的混合信号中的高频成分，只保留直流信号，并将其提供给压控振荡器7，作为VCO的振荡控制电压。The loop filter 6 is mainly used to filter out the high-frequency components in the mixed signal output by the phase detector, and only keep the DC signal, and provide it to the voltage-controlled oscillator 7 as the oscillation control voltage of the VCO.
压控振荡器(VCO)是系统的信号输出源，它是一个输出频率受控的振荡源，以环路滤波器得到的直流电压作为控制信号，产生振荡频率，输出射频载波。The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the signal output source of the system. It is an oscillation source with controlled output frequency. The DC voltage obtained by the loop filter is used as the control signal to generate the oscillation frequency and output the RF carrier.
所述数字分频器8是一个分频系数N可变的分频器，主要作用在于将压控振荡器7的高频输出信号降为低频，然后输入鉴相器5，使之与基准信号进行鉴相。The digital frequency divider 8 is a variable frequency divider with a frequency division coefficient N, and its main function is to reduce the high-frequency output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator 7 to a low frequency, and then input the phase detector 5 to make it consistent with the reference signal Conduct phase identification.
所述分频控制器9主要用于产生数字分频器的分频系数N。经过分析可知：鉴相器5、数字分频器8、环路滤波器6、压控振荡器7，这四个器件共同组成了一个“高频倍频器”，本质上是将第三带通滤波器33输出的基准频率信号f0进行N倍倍频，得到f＝N*f0的高频振荡器输出信号，从而实现高频段的射频载波输出。由于分频控制器9可以改变分频系数N的数值，所以实现了输出频率f的动态可调。目前采用数字程控分频器芯片，分频系数N可达到2048以上，因此可以实现宽带范围内的动态频率可调。The frequency division controller 9 is mainly used to generate the frequency division coefficient N of the digital frequency divider. After analysis, it can be seen that: phase detector 5, digital frequency divider 8, loop filter 6, and voltage-controlled oscillator 7, these four devices together form a "high-frequency frequency multiplier", which essentially combines the third band The reference frequency signal f 0 output by the pass filter 33 is multiplied by N times to obtain a high-frequency oscillator output signal of f=N*f 0 , thereby realizing the output of a high-frequency radio frequency carrier. Since the frequency division controller 9 can change the value of the frequency division coefficient N, the dynamic adjustment of the output frequency f is realized. At present, the digital program-controlled frequency divider chip is used, and the frequency division coefficient N can reach more than 2048, so the dynamic frequency adjustment within the broadband range can be realized.
本实施例的射频振荡器实现了非常高的性能，与同类振荡器相比较，频率稳定度提高5倍以上，相位噪声降低9db左右(10KHz频偏处)。此外，本实施例设计的振荡器可以实现宽带范围内的频率可调。The radio frequency oscillator of this embodiment achieves very high performance. Compared with similar oscillators, the frequency stability is increased by more than 5 times, and the phase noise is reduced by about 9db (at a frequency offset of 10KHz). In addition, the oscillator designed in this embodiment can realize adjustable frequency within a wide range.
本发明不但可以实现输出频率动态可调，而且还同时具有高频率稳定度、低相位噪声的特点，其具有很强的实用性。The invention not only can realize the dynamic adjustment of the output frequency, but also has the characteristics of high frequency stability and low phase noise, and has strong practicability.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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