CN106750303B - 一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚及其制备方法,属于高分子合成技术领域。其是在惰性气体保护下,以双酚单体、二卤代单体为聚合原料,以碱性物质为成盐剂,以甲苯为带水剂,加入到非质子极性有机溶剂中;然后升温至145~150℃回流3~8h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至160~175℃继续反应8~20h;待反应液冷却稀释后倒入到蒸馏水中析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品;粗产品再经过无水乙醇和蒸馏水煮沸;最后将产物过滤、烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜聚合物,所述的双酚单体为本发明首次发明的N‑甲基‑4,4‑(4‑羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体与其他双酚单体的混合物。实验表明,本发明制备的含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚具有较高的玻璃化转变温度,满足其作为工程塑料和分离膜材料对树脂的耐温要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子合成技术领域,具体涉及一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚及其制备方法,及其所用原料的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶的制备。
背景技术
聚芳醚材料因其优异的耐热性,良好的化学稳定性及优异的机械性能,被认为是综合性能优良的特种工程塑料。尤其是聚醚砜类、酚酞型聚芳醚酮类树脂因其可溶,在高分子涂料、高分子膜领域应用广泛。当前发展的膜分离技术中的重要组件为分离膜。分离膜使用的高分子树脂大都为聚芳醚材料,包括聚醚砜类、可溶性聚芳醚酮类。随着分离膜技术的发展,人们要求材料有更高的要求。如要求膜材料本身具备一定的亲水性,具备荷电性质等。尤其在制备纳滤膜和反渗透膜时要求材料的基底层与分离层具有较好的界面结合性质。常规的聚醚砜类、可溶性聚芳醚酮类树脂在这些方面需要进一步提高性能。本发明从分子结构设计角度出发,设计并制备了含有哌啶基团的双酚单体,并依据此单体制备出含哌啶官能团的聚芳醚。由于哌啶基团容易官能化,转变为季铵基团后带正电荷,因此在制备聚酰胺为分离层的反渗透膜和纳滤膜时,以此高分子为基底层可提高膜的亲水性和界面结合性能。因此,此类含哌啶基团的聚芳醚材料在膜技术领域有广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明从分子结构设计角度出发,设计合成了含甲基哌啶结构的双酚单体(N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶),并由该单体开发出了含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚。
1、本发明制备的含甲基哌啶结构的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体的结构式与制备反应式如下所示:
方法1:是以摩尔比为1:1~10的N-甲基哌啶酮和苯酚为原料,以摩尔用量为N-甲基哌啶酮1~10倍的强酸为反应介质,在18~20℃下搅拌制得N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶粗产品,然后出料于冰水中,调节溶液的pH=7~8,过滤得到白色固体,烘干,再经甲苯重结晶制备得到含甲基哌啶结构的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体,产率大于80%;此反应的强酸可以为浓硫酸(质量分数75%)、三氟甲磺酸、三氟乙酸等。
方法2:以摩尔用量1:5~100的N-甲基哌啶酮和苯酚为原料,以N-甲基哌啶酮质量0.5~10倍的强酸型阳离子交换树脂为反应介质和催化剂,以强酸型阳离子交换树脂质量0.01~0.1倍的β-巯基丙酸为助催化剂,将上述物质混合后,在惰性气体环境、40~120℃下反应4h~48h;反应后在惰性气体环境下滤掉强酸型阳离子交换树脂,滤液减压除掉过量的苯酚,残余物用甲苯重结晶,得到含甲基哌啶结构的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体,产率>95%。
2、本发明所述含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的结构式与制备反应式如下所示:
0<a≤1,0≤b<1,且a+b=1,X为F或Cl,M为Na或K;n为正整数,表示聚合度;
其是在惰性气体保护下,以双酚单体、二卤代单体为聚合原料,以碱性物质为催化剂,以甲苯为带水剂,加入到非质子极性有机溶剂中;然后升温至145~150℃回流3~8h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至160~175℃继续反应8~20h;待反应液冷却稀释后倒入到蒸馏水中析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品;粗产品再经过无水乙醇和蒸馏水煮沸;最后将产物过滤、烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜聚合物,产率>95%。
所述的双酚单体为N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体与其他双酚单体的混合物,双酚单体混合物中N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶的摩尔百分比为X%,且0%<X%≤100%;所述的其他双酚单体为双酚A、双酚S、六氟双酚A、联苯二酚、对苯二酚、二羟基二苯醚或二羟基二苯酮。
所述的二卤代单体为4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4’-二氟二苯酮、4,4’-二氟三苯二酮、4,4’-二氟二苯砜或4,4’-(4-氟苯砜基)联苯。
所述的碱性物质为无水碳酸钠或无水碳酸钾。
所述的非质子极性有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜或二苯砜;
所述二卤代单体与双酚单体的摩尔用量比为1:0.98~1.02;
所述二卤代单体与催化剂的摩尔用量比为1:1.01~3;
所述的甲苯的体积用量为所述非质子极性有机溶剂体积的30%~90%;
所述的非质子极性有机溶剂的用量为使反应液的固含量为10wt%~30wt%。
附图说明
图1:实施例1、实施例2制备的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶的1HNMR谱图;
从1HNMR谱图可以看出聚合物结构与核磁信号有很好的对应关系,证明纯净的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶被制备出来。
图2:实施例3制备的含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜的1H NMR谱图;
从图中可以从1HNMR谱图可以看出聚合物结构与核磁信号有很好的对应关系,表明甲基哌啶结构的聚砜被成功制备。
图3:实施例3制备的含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜的DSC图;
从图3可以看出含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜的玻璃化转变温度为209℃。
图4:实施例6制备的含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚酮的DSC图;
从图4可以看出含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚酮玻璃化转变温度为175℃。
通过图3和图4,可以表明本发明制备的含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚具有较高的玻璃化转变温度,满足其作为工程塑料和分离膜材料对树脂的耐温要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1:硫酸法制备含N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶
N-甲基哌啶酮和苯酚的按照1:1.1的摩尔比例投料,称取N-甲基哌啶酮0.1mol(11.3g),苯酚0.11mol(10.3g),20℃下机械搅拌30min。保持温度在20℃,滴加浓硫酸(质量分数70%,11.7mol/L)30mL(0.345mol),继续搅拌48h,然后出料于1000mL冰水中。用10wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液调节溶液的pH值到7,过滤得到白色固体,烘干,甲苯重结晶后得到N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体,产率90%。
实施例2:强酸型阳离子交换树脂法制备N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶
称取N-甲基哌啶酮0.01mol(1.13g),苯酚0.1mol(9.4g),强酸型阳离子交换树脂(D072)1.13g,β-巯基丙酸0.02g。将上述物质混合,在惰性气体环境、100℃下反应12h;反应后在惰性气体环境下滤掉D072,滤液减压除掉过量的苯酚,残余物用甲苯重结晶,得到N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体,产率>98%。
实施例3:含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜的制备
根据如上反应方程式,制备a=1,b=0的聚砜共聚物,在装有磁力搅拌器、通氮管、分水器和冷凝管的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入4,4’-二氯二苯砜(0.01mmol),N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶(0.01mmol)和无水碳酸钠(0.012mmol),用17mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解,加入10mL甲苯作带水剂,先通氮除氧10min,升温至145~150℃回流4h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至170℃继续反应10h(溶液粘度明显增大),停止反应。待反应液冷却,用5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺将反应液稀释,倒入500mL蒸馏水中,析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品。粗产品经过100mL无水乙醇、100mL蒸馏水各煮5遍,每遍30min。产物经过滤、烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜聚合物,产率98%。
图2给出了含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜的1H NMR谱图,从图中可以看出聚合物的结构和核磁信号有较好的对应关系,证明我们得到了目标产物。
实施例4:含甲基哌啶基团的聚醚砜的制备
根据如上反应方程式,制备a=b=0.5的聚醚砜共聚物,在装有磁力搅拌器、通氮管、分水器和冷凝管的100mL三颈烧瓶中,加入4,4’-二氯二苯砜(0.01mmol),N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶(0.005mmol),4,4’-二羟基二苯砜(0.005mmol)和无水碳酸钠(0.012mmol),用17mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解,加入10mL甲苯作带水剂,先通氮除氧10min,升温至145~150℃回流4h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至170℃继续反应10h(溶液粘度明显增大),停止反应。待反应液冷却,用5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺将反应液稀释,倒入500mL蒸馏水中,析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品。粗产品经过100mL无水乙醇、100蒸馏水各煮5遍,每遍30min。产品经过滤,烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚醚砜产率98%。
实施例5:含甲基哌啶基团的联苯聚醚砜的制备
根据如上反应方程式,制备a=b=0.5的联苯聚醚砜共聚物:在装有磁力搅拌器、通氮管、分水器和冷凝管的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入4,4’-二氯二苯砜(0.01mmol),N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶(0.005mmol),联苯二酚(0.005mmol)和碳酸钠(0.012mmol),用17mLN,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解,加入10mL甲苯作带水剂,先通氮除氧10min,升温至145~150℃回流4h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至170℃继续反应10h(溶液粘度明显增大),停止反应。待反应液冷却,用5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺将反应液稀释,倒入500mL蒸馏水中,析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品。粗产品经过100mL无水乙醇、100蒸馏水各煮5遍,每遍30min。产品经过滤,烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的联苯聚醚砜,产率98%。
实施例6:含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚酮的制备
根据如上反应方程式,制备a=b=0.5的聚芳醚酮共聚物:在装有磁力搅拌器、通氮管、分水器和冷凝管的100mL三颈烧瓶中加入4,4’-二氟二苯酮(0.01mmol),N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶(0.005mmol),双酚A(0.005mmol)和碳酸钠(0.012mmol),用17mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解,加入10mL甲苯作带水剂,先通氮除氧10min,升温至148℃回流4h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至170℃继续反应10h(溶液粘度明显增大),停止反应。待反应液冷却,用5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺将反应液稀释,倒入500mL蒸馏水中,析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品。粗产品经过100mL无水乙醇、100蒸馏水各煮5遍,每遍30min。产品经过滤,烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚酮,产率98%。
Claims (10)
1.一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚,其结构式如下所示:
其中,0<a≤1,0≤b<1,且a+b=1,n为正整数,表示聚合度;
-1Ar-的结构式如下之一所示,
-2Ar-的结构式如下之一所示,
2.权利要求1所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:是在惰性气体保护下,以双酚单体、二卤代单体为聚合原料,以碱性物质为催化剂,以甲苯为带水剂,加入到非质子极性有机溶剂中;然后升温至145~150℃回流3~8h,蒸出甲苯,再升温至160~175℃继续反应8~20h;待反应液冷却稀释后倒入到蒸馏水中析出沉淀,过滤得到粗产品;粗产品再经过无水乙醇和蒸馏水煮沸;最后将产物过滤、烘干得到含甲基哌啶基团的聚砜聚合物;所述的双酚单体为结构式如下所示的N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体与其他双酚单体的混合物,双酚单体混合物中N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶的摩尔百分比为X%,且0%<X%≤100%;所述的其他双酚单体为双酚A、双酚S、六氟双酚A、联苯二酚、对苯二酚、二羟基二苯醚或二羟基二苯酮;所述的二卤代单体为4,4’-二氯二苯砜、4,4’-二氟二苯酮、4,4’-二氟三苯二酮、4,4’-二氟二苯砜或4,4’-(4-氟苯砜基)联苯;
3.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的碱性物质为无水碳酸钠或无水碳酸钾。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的非质子极性有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜或二苯砜。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二卤代单体与双酚单体的摩尔用量比为1:0.98~1.02;所述二卤代单体与催化剂的摩尔用量比为1:1.01~3。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的甲苯的体积用量为所述非质子极性有机溶剂体积的30%~90%。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的聚芳醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的非质子极性有机溶剂的用量为使反应液的固含量为10wt%~30wt%。
8.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团双酚单体的制备,其特征在于:N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体是以摩尔比为1:1~10的N-甲基哌啶酮和苯酚为原料,以摩尔用量为N-甲基哌啶酮1~10倍的强酸为反应介质,在18~20℃下搅拌制得N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶粗产品,然后出料于冰水中,调节溶液的pH=7~8,过滤得到白色固体,烘干,再经甲苯重结晶制备得到;强酸为浓硫酸、三氟甲磺酸或三氟乙酸。
9.如权利要求2所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的双酚单体制备方法,其特征在于:N-甲基-4,4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶双酚单体是以摩尔用量1:5~100的N-甲基哌啶酮和苯酚为原料,以N-甲基哌啶酮质量0.5~10倍的强酸型阳离子交换树脂为反应介质和催化剂,以强酸型阳离子交换树脂质量0.01~0.1倍的β-巯基丙酸为助催化剂,将上述物质混合后,在惰性气体环境、40~120℃下反应4h~48h;反应后在惰性气体环境下滤掉强酸型阳离子交换树脂,滤液减压除掉过量的苯酚,残余物用甲苯重结晶后制备得到。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种含甲基哌啶基团的双酚单体制备方法,其特征在于:强酸型阳离子交换树脂为苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂D072。
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