CN106731364B

CN106731364B - Water bath type condensation dust remover for oil sludge pyrolysis treatment and dust removing method

Info

Publication number: CN106731364B
Application number: CN201710129753.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任杰; 张弘韬; 王修文; 石征国
Original assignee: Panjin Ningtai Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Panjin Ningtai Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-03-07
Filing date: 2017-03-07
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-07
Also published as: CN106731364A

Abstract

The invention provides a water bath type condensation dust remover system and a method with high automation degree, good purification effect and condensation effect, which consists of four units, including an impulse type dust removal unit, a spraying dust removal demisting unit, a blockage removal mechanism unit and a PLC control system unit, fundamentally solves the problems of poor dust removal effect of the dust remover on fine particle dust and blockage removal of the dust, and ensures the production safety of the oil-containing sludge pyrolysis treatment under the conditions of negative pressure, high temperature and oxygen isolation.

Description

Water bath type condensation dust remover for oil sludge pyrolysis treatment and dust removing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil sludge pyrolysis treatment, relates to condensing and dedusting equipment for oil sludge pyrolysis treatment and a dedusting method thereof, and particularly relates to a water bath type condensing deduster and a dedusting method for oil sludge pyrolysis treatment.

Background

The content of petroleum substances in oily sludge such as tank bottom sludge, scum, waste clay, crude oil falling to the ground and the like generated in the production, refining, gathering and transporting treatment processes of oil fields is high (the content of crude oil is generally more than 10 percent, and the majority can reach 20 to 30 percent), so that the method has very important oil gas recycling value. The pyrolysis technology is more and more emphasized by people, and the resource utilization of the oily sludge is a fundamental mode of future disposal. The pyrolysis technology is based on the thermal instability of organic matters in the oily sludge, heavy components in crude oil are converted into light components by thermal decomposition through heat energy under the condition of negative pressure oxygen isolation, and then the light components are evaporated from the oily sludge in a gaseous form, so that the separation of the crude oil and the silt is realized. The pyrolysis gas produced in this process forms three phase materials after cooling: the gas phase is mainly methane and carbon dioxide; the liquid phase mainly comprises normal-temperature fuel oil and water; the solid phase is inorganic mineral and carbon residue. The methane generated by the pyrolysis gas is noncondensable hydrocarbon gas, the methane is purified and then injected back into a gas system for secondary combustion and energy recycling, the normal-temperature fuel oil can be used as fuel oil or commodity oil after being dehydrated, the carbon content of inorganic minerals and carbon residue in the pyrolysis residue is high, and the inorganic minerals and the carbon residue have good burning decarbonization and energy recovery value after being dried.

The pyrolysis gas generated by the oil sludge pyrolysis process has the characteristics of three highs: firstly, the temperature is high, about 450 ℃; secondly, the hydrocarbon component content is high, the hydrocarbon component content is as high as 90 percent, and the methane content is 30 to 50 percent; thirdly, the concentration of the collected dust is high, and the concentration is generally 15000 to 100000 mg/m due to different components of the oily sludge³。

Pyrolysis gas generated in the oil sludge pyrolysis process is treated by adopting a cyclone dust collector for dust removal, the dust removal efficiency is 40% -60% in practical application, and the residual fine particles enter a condenser along with the pyrolysis gas to cause condensation and frequent blockage. The bag-type dust collector is adopted instead, the material of the bag can only resist the temperature of 280-320 ℃ at most, and the bag is easy to block and is extremely unsafe. At present, an impulse type dust remover is generally adopted for removing dust in the working environment with high temperature and high humidity of industrial and mining enterprises, and the method has a good purification effect, but still has the following problems: under the action of the internal pressure of the dust-containing air mass, part of dust in the dust-containing air mass directly escapes without contacting with water, and high-density slurry is formed due to high dust concentration of water-sealed liquid to block a sewage discharge port, so that the vacuum degree of equipment is reduced, shutdown and production stop are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water bath type condensation dust remover system and a water bath type condensation dust remover method which have the advantages of high automation degree, good purification effect and condensation effect, fundamentally solve the problems that the dust remover has poor dust removal effect on fine particle dust and removes dust blockage, and ensure the production safety of the oil-containing sludge pyrolysis treatment under the conditions of negative pressure, high temperature and oxygen isolation.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a water bath type condensation dust remover for pyrolysis treatment of oil sludge comprises four units, including a swashing type dust removing unit, a spraying type dust removing and demisting unit, a blocking removing mechanism unit and a PLC control system unit, wherein the swashing type dust removing unit is a main body of the water bath type condensation dust remover, the swashing type dust removing unit comprises a dust remover shell, an air inlet pipe, an upper cover shell, a purified air outlet, an outer pipe and a lower cover shell, the upper part of the dust remover shell is in flange connection with the upper cover shell, the upper part of the upper cover shell is in flange connection with the purified air outlet, the lower part of the dust remover shell is in flange connection with the lower cover shell, the air inlet pipe at the middle lower part of the dust remover shell extends into the interior of the dust remover shell from outside to inside horizontally, the air inlet pipe is provided with a horn mouth facing downwards along the axial direction of the dust remover shell, the horn mouth outlet extends into the water seal liquid level below 20 mm-30 mm, and the spraying type dust removing and demisting unit is positioned at the upper part of the air inlet pipe of the main body inner cavity of the water bath type condensation dust remover, the blockage removing mechanism unit is positioned at the lower part of an air inlet pipe of a main body inner cavity of the water bath type condensation dust remover and is connected with a flange at the lower part of the impulse type dust removing unit, and the PLC control system controls the blockage removing mechanism unit.

The spraying, dedusting and demisting unit comprises a dedusting filter disc and a shower head condenser assembly, the dedusting filter disc is positioned on the upper portion of an air inlet pipe of a main inner cavity of the water bath type condensation deduster, the dedusting filter disc is provided with a sieve mesh structure and is provided with a plurality of holes, the shower head condenser assembly is positioned on 300-400 mm of the upper portion of the dedusting filter disc, and the shower head condenser assembly is connected with a plug-in flange of a deduster shell and can be periodically taken out for overhaul.

The sprinkler condenser assembly comprises a demisting breather pipe, a sprinkler shell, a sprinkler flange, a water inlet pipe, a sprinkler inner cavity and a sprinkler water nozzle.

The PLC control system unit comprises a floating ball liquid level meter, an online negative pressure meter, an online density thermometer and a PLC controller, wherein the floating ball liquid level meter is positioned at a specified height above a water seal at the lower part in the dust remover shell, the online negative pressure meter is arranged on an air inlet pipe outside the dust remover shell, and the online density thermometer is positioned inside the upper cover shell.

Unblock mechanism unit includes the outer tube, wash pneumatic switch, the washing terminals, the water seal overflow pipe, pneumatic stroke mechanism, manual control mechanism, arrange the thick liquid pipe, unblock mechanism unit and swashing formula dust removal unit lower part flange joint, unblock mechanism unit outer tube upper portion is the circular cone type and seals, the lower part is equipped with the through-hole, water seal overflow pipe upper portion is opened, the lower part is equipped with two sets of pistons, it is coaxial to be located the outer tube inner chamber, it sets up the perpendicular to outer tube to arrange the thick liquid pipe level, two sets of pistons of water seal overflow pipe are located about arranging the thick liquid pipe import, be equipped with pneumatic stroke mechanism and manual control mechanism at water seal overflow pipe lower extreme, wash pneumatic switch, the washing terminals sets up respectively at inlet tube and lower cover casing inboardly, the washing terminals is towards outer tube lower through-hole direction.

A water bath type condensation dust removal method for oil sludge pyrolysis treatment is characterized in that negative pressure pyrolysis gas is pumped by a vacuum pump at a purified gas outlet to form inlet gas of an inlet pipe, and is discharged from the purified gas outlet through an impulse type dust removal unit to form a pyrolysis gas air passage; the water bath type condensation dust remover changes condensed water into a water channel of sewage through the entering of the condensed water through the dust removal purification and heat absorption condensation of pyrolysis gas; and the pneumatic travel mechanism is controlled to play a role in unblocking through the double safety monitoring warning signals, so that the water seal overflow is always smooth and the vacuum degree in the whole system is ensured.

The floating ball liquid level meter and the online negative pressure meter send out double safety monitoring warning signals, and once the safety monitoring warning signals exceed safety warning parameters, the floating ball liquid level meter and the online negative pressure meter are immediately linked with the pneumatic stroke mechanism to seal the overflow pipe to move downwards, so that pressure relief, flushing and blockage removal are realized.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. through three dust removal modes, the dust removal rate is higher; the first dust-containing gas is subjected to first impulse type water bath purification when passing through a horn mouth and forming a micro channel with a cone at the top of the outer tube; the second water sprayed by the shower head falls on the dedusting filter disc, and a large amount of water splash and foam are splashed in the process to contact with dust-containing gas; thirdly, the water sprayed by the shower head collides with the rising gas again like raining to absorb the dust with weak particles, so that the purpose of absorbing 99.99 percent of dust for three times is achieved;

2. the shower head condenser plays roles of spraying, demisting, dewatering and condensing; the spray water used by the spray dedusting and demisting unit is condensed, and the shower head condenser assembly is a small condenser which exchanges heat when pyrolysis gas passes through the shower head condenser assembly, water vapor in the water vapor forms water drops due to temperature reduction, cooling water falls along with spraying, and the pyrolysis gas temperature is reduced, so that the effect of condensing and purifying the pyrolysis gas is realized through double effects;

3. the slurry discharge pipeline is automatically unblocked, so that the operation safety of an upstream pyrolysis machine is greatly improved; the invention relates to a matching device of a pyrolysis treatment process of oily sludge, which utilizes the thermal instability of organic matters in the sludge, and the organic matters are cracked according to the proportion of carbon and hydrogen under the conditions of negative pressure, oxygen isolation and high temperature to form a solid phase (solid residue) and a gas phase (pyrolysis gas) with higher utilization value, wherein the gas phase contains combustible and explosive methane components, once the bell mouth of the gas coming from the pyrolysis gas increases the concentration of water-sealed mud content due to settled dust or has a dust accumulation outlet in a dust-containing gas mass, the vacuum in a pyrolysis machine is reduced, the trend of positive pressure is formed, and serious production safety hazards exist. The invention designs that a floating ball liquid level meter in a dust remover shell and an online negative pressure meter arranged on an air inlet pipe outside the dust remover shell are provided with double safety monitoring warning signals, once the device is out of range, a pneumatic stroke mechanism is started immediately, a water seal overflow pipe descends to directly empty a blockage, and a flushing nozzle starts jet flushing until a safety state is recovered.

4. Utilize condensation dust removal integration form, simple structure, occupation space is little, and it is convenient to overhaul, realizes operation automatic control, has solved the poor problem of traditional dust remover dust removal effect, and reliable operation is stable efficient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shower head condenser assembly.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the deblocking mechanism unit.

1 dust removal filter disc, 2 dust remover casings, 3 upper cover casings, 4 online density thermometers, 5 purified gas exports, 6 gondola water faucet condenser assemblies, 7 wash pneumatic switch, 8 outer tubes, 9 washing spray heads, 10 water seal overflow pipes, 11 row's thick liquid pipes, 12 pneumatic travel mechanism, 13 manual control mechanism, 14PLC controller, 15 lower cover casings, 16 floater level gauges, 17 online negative pressure gauges, 18 intake pipe, A pyrolysis gas, B purified gas, C comdenstion water, D sewage, 601 defogging breather pipe, 602 gondola water faucet casings, 603 gondola water faucet flanges, 604 inlet tube, 605 gondola water faucet inner chamber, 606 gondola water faucet water jet.

Detailed Description

A water bath type condensation dust remover comprises four units, including an impulse type dust removing unit, a spraying dust removing and demisting unit, a blockage removing mechanism unit and a PLC control system unit.

Swashing formula dust removal unit includes dust remover casing 2, intake pipe 18, upper cover casing 3, purification gas export 5, outer tube 8, lower cover casing 15 etc, 2 upper portions of dust remover casing and 3 flange connections of upper cover casing, the upper portion and the 5 flange connections of purification gas export of

upper cover casing

3, 2 lower parts of dust remover casing and 15 flange connections of lower cover casing, intake pipe 18 is equipped with along 2 axial of dust remover casing, the horn mouth down, and the horn mouth export stretches into 20mm ~ 30mm under the water seal liquid level that swashing formula dust removal unit was equipped with.

The spraying, dedusting and demisting unit comprises a dedusting filter disc 1, a shower head condenser assembly 6 and the like, wherein the dedusting filter disc 1 is positioned at the upper part of an air inlet pipe of a main body inner cavity of the water bath type condensation deduster, the shower head condenser assembly 6 is positioned at 300-400 mm of the upper part of the dedusting filter disc 1, and the shower head condenser assembly 6 is connected with a deduster shell 2 through a plug-in flange;

the shower head condenser assembly 6 comprises a demisting breather pipe 601, a shower head shell 602, a shower head flange 603, a water inlet pipe 604, a shower head inner cavity 605 and a shower head water nozzle 606.

The PLC control system unit comprises a floating ball liquid level meter 16, an online negative pressure meter 17, an online density thermometer 4, a PLC controller 14 and the like, wherein the floating ball liquid level meter 16 is positioned at a specified height above a water seal at the lower part in the dust remover shell 2, the online negative pressure meter 17 is arranged on an air inlet pipe 18 outside the dust remover shell 2, and the online density thermometer 4 is positioned inside the upper cover shell 3.

The unblocking mechanism unit comprises an outer pipe 8, a flushing pneumatic switch 7, a flushing nozzle 9, a water seal overflow pipe 10, a pneumatic travel mechanism 12, a manual control mechanism 13, a slurry discharge pipe 11 and the like, the unblocking mechanism unit is connected with a flange at the lower part of the impulse type dust removal unit, the upper part of the outer pipe of the unblocking mechanism unit is closed in a conical shape, a through hole is formed in the lower part of the outer pipe, the upper part of the water seal overflow pipe 10 is opened, two groups of pistons are arranged at the lower part of the water seal overflow pipe 10, the slurry discharge pipe 11 is horizontally arranged to be perpendicular to the outer pipe 8, the two groups of pistons of the water seal overflow pipe 10 are positioned above and below an inlet of the slurry discharge pipe 11, the pneumatic travel mechanism 12 and the manual control mechanism 13 are arranged at the lower end of the water seal overflow pipe 10, the flushing pneumatic switch 7 and the flushing nozzle 9 are respectively arranged at the inner sides of a water inlet pipe 604 and a lower cover shell 15, and the flushing nozzle 9 faces the direction of the through hole below the outer pipe.

The air passage is as follows: pyrolysis gas enters the annular space of the cone at the top of the outer pipe from the gas inlet pipe and directly rushes into the water seal liquid surface through the bell mouth to form the impact type water bath dust removal purification on the pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas upwards enters the dust removal filter disc to contact with a large amount of splashed water splash and foam for secondary dust removal purification; the pyrolysis gas is subjected to collision contact and absorption of weak particle dust again through water sprayed by the shower head, so that dust is removed and purified for three times, and the purified pyrolysis gas becomes purified gas and is discharged out of a purified gas outlet.

The water channel is: the comdenstion water passes through the inlet tube of gondola water faucet condenser assembly, gets into the gondola water faucet inner chamber, flows out again through the gondola water faucet water spout, flows the process of whereabouts and the dust contact of pyrolysis gas, plays the dust removal effect, again through dust removal filter disc dust removal purification, falls into in the lower cover casing, forms the water seal, because water seal liquid increases and forms mud with the dust that purifies, through outer tube bottom hole passageway, upwards gets into in the water seal overflow pipe through the water seal overflow pipe upper opening, forms sewage and discharges through the mud pipe.

The blockage removing function is as follows: the floating ball liquid level meter in the dust remover shell and the online negative pressure meter arranged on the air inlet pipe outside the dust remover shell are provided with double safety monitoring warning signals, and once the safety monitoring warning signals exceed safety warning parameters, the floating ball liquid level meter is immediately linked with the pneumatic stroke mechanism to seal the water overflow pipe to descend, so that pressure relief, flushing and blockage removal are realized.

In the water bath type condensation dust remover, the bell mouth of the air inlet pipe and the cone at the top of the outer pipe correspond to form the annular channel to reduce the flow cross section area so as to increase the impact force of the pyrolysis gas.

In the water bath type condensation dust remover, the water seal overflow pipe in the outer pipe is in a straight cylinder shape, and the height of the water seal overflow pipe, namely the applicable water surface height of the water seal, can be finely adjusted by a manual control mechanism.

In the water bath type condensation dust remover, the density meter is used for monitoring the condensation dust removal effect;

in the water bath type condensation dust remover, the pyrolysis gas is generated by processing oil sludge by the pyrolysis host;

in the water bath type condensation dust remover, the condensed water used by the shower head condenser assembly is provided by condensation refrigeration equipment.

In order to better purify sulfides in the pyrolysis gas, the water bath type condensation dust remover can add corresponding agents into the condensed water to perform a neutralization reaction.

Claims

1. A water bath type condensation dust remover for pyrolysis treatment of oil sludge is characterized by comprising four units, including a swashing type dust removal unit, a spraying type dust removal demisting unit, a blockage removal mechanism unit and a PLC control system unit, wherein the swashing type dust removal unit is a main body of the water bath type condensation dust remover, the swashing type dust removal unit comprises a dust remover shell, an air inlet pipe, an upper cover shell, a purified gas outlet, an outer pipe and a lower cover shell, the upper part of the dust remover shell is in flange connection with the upper cover shell, the upper part of the upper cover shell is in flange connection with the purified gas outlet, the lower part of the dust remover shell is in flange connection with the lower cover shell, the air inlet pipe at the middle lower part of the dust remover shell extends into the interior of the dust remover shell from outside to inside along the axial direction of the dust remover shell, a horn mouth with a downward opening is arranged, and the outlet extends into a water seal 20-30 mm below a liquid level which the swashing type dust removal unit is arranged, the spraying, dust removing and demisting unit is positioned on the upper part of an air inlet pipe of a main cavity of the water bath type condensation dust remover, the deblocking mechanism unit is positioned on the lower part of the air inlet pipe of the main cavity of the water bath type condensation dust remover and is connected with a flange on the lower part of the swashing type dust removing unit, the PLC control system controls the deblocking mechanism unit, the deblocking mechanism unit comprises an outer pipe, a flushing pneumatic switch, a flushing nozzle, a water seal overflow pipe, a pneumatic stroke mechanism, a manual control mechanism and a slurry discharge pipe, the deblocking mechanism unit is connected with a flange on the lower part of the swashing type dust removing unit, the upper part of the outer pipe of the deblocking mechanism unit is closed in a conical shape, the lower part of the outer pipe of the deblocking mechanism unit is provided with a through hole, the upper part of the water seal overflow pipe is opened, the lower parts of the water seal overflow pipe are provided with two groups of pistons, the pistons are positioned in the inner cavity of the outer pipe and are coaxial, the slurry discharge pipe is horizontally arranged perpendicular to the outer pipe, the two groups of the water seal overflow pipe are positioned above and below the inlet of the slurry discharge pipe, the pneumatic stroke mechanism and the manual control mechanism are arranged at the lower end of the water seal overflow pipe, the flushing pneumatic switch and the flushing nozzle are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the water inlet pipe and the lower cover shell, and the flushing nozzle faces the direction of the lower through hole of the outer pipe.

2. The water bath type condensation dust remover for the pyrolysis treatment of oil sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying, dedusting and demisting unit comprises a dedusting filter disc and a shower head condenser assembly, the dedusting filter disc is positioned on the upper part of an air inlet pipe of a main body inner cavity of the water bath type condensation dust remover, the dedusting filter disc is of a sieve pore structure and is provided with a plurality of pores, the shower head condenser assembly is positioned on the upper part of the dedusting filter disc by 300-400 mm, and the shower head condenser assembly is connected with a plug-in flange of a dust remover shell.

3. The water bath type condensation dust remover for pyrolytic treatment of oil sludge of claim 2, wherein the shower head condenser assembly comprises a demisting vent pipe, a shower head shell, a shower head flange, a water inlet pipe, a shower head inner cavity and a shower head water nozzle.

4. The water bath type condensation dust remover for pyrolytic treatment of oil sludge according to claim 3, wherein the PLC control system unit comprises a float level meter, an online negative pressure meter, an online density thermometer and a PLC controller, the float level meter is positioned at a specified height above a water seal at the lower part in the shell of the dust remover, the online negative pressure meter is arranged on an air inlet pipe outside the shell of the dust remover, and the online density thermometer is positioned inside the shell of the upper cover.

5. A water bath type condensation dust removal method for carrying out oil sludge pyrolysis treatment by using the dust remover as claimed in claim 4, wherein negative pressure pyrolysis gas is sucked by a vacuum pump at a purified gas outlet to form inlet gas of an inlet pipe, and the inlet gas is discharged from the purified gas outlet through an impact dust removal unit to form a pyrolysis gas air flue; the water bath type condensation dust remover changes condensed water into a water channel of sewage through the entering of the condensed water through the dust removal purification and heat absorption condensation of pyrolysis gas; and the pneumatic travel mechanism is controlled to play a role in unblocking through the double safety monitoring warning signals, so that the water seal overflow is always smooth and the vacuum degree in the whole system is ensured.

6. The water bath type condensation and dust removal method for the pyrolysis treatment of the oil sludge as claimed in claim 5, wherein the float level meter and the online negative pressure meter send out double safety monitoring alarm signals, and once the safety alarm parameters are exceeded, the pneumatic stroke mechanism is immediately linked to water seal overflow pipes to descend, so that the pressure relief, the flushing and the blockage removal are realized.