CN106675833A - 一种柔和型生物质洗车液的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柔和型生物质洗车液的制备方法，属于汽车清洗护理用品技术领域。本发明利用乳脂在酸性环境下水解生成高级脂肪酸，再在还原性草酸的作用下还原成高级脂肪酸醇，将其和葡萄糖在高温下反应生成甘油和烷基葡萄糖苷，鸡肝提取液中的氮、硫、磷等元素和甘油协同作用，在车身表面形成一层化学保护膜，保护车身并起到上光作用，而蛋黄中的卵凝脂和烷基葡萄糖苷作为表面活性剂，去污力强、泡沫丰富、细腻且稳定，最后茶叶提取液中的茶皂素和茶多酚又具有抗氧化作用，提高洗车液的贮存稳定性，本发明制得的洗车液协同效应明显，无毒、低刺激，生物降解迅速彻底，对车身无任何腐蚀，具有极佳的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔和型生物质洗车液的制备方法，属于汽车清洗护理用品技术领域。
背景技术
汽车养护业在我国是一个方兴未艾的产业，起于20世纪90年代，随着轿车越来越多的进入到私人家庭，汽车养护业开始被有车族所熟知，“七分养，三分修，以养代修”的爱车新理念逐步被广大有车族所接受，特别是近几年，伴随着我国汽车工业的发展、相关政策的调整与完善，以及汽车保有量的迅速增加，汽车养护品市场发展迅猛，市场前景十分看好。
洗车液类常规产品目前有三种：浓缩洗车液、洗车液伴侣、洗车液（水蜡型）。洗车液类产品除了有较强的去污力外，要求对汽车有机涂料无影响。洗车用水排污大，易污染水源，要求无磷配方。浓缩洗车液为表面活性剂、有机碱、有机溶剂组成，添加少量硅油增加手感，洗车液要求有较好的去污力同时，要有适宜的起泡性和消泡性，起泡性提高产品的去污力、洗车的可视性，消泡性保证省水，易冲洗；洗车液伴侣是蜡的乳化液产品，上光为主，增加洗车液的驱水性，减少反复擦拭对车漆的损伤，适合电脑洗车用。洗车液伴侣的储存条件很关键，要在0℃以上储存，严禁受冻。蜡液被冻后容易破乳分层，影响使用性能。洗车液（水蜡型）是洗车、上蜡一步完成，特别适合DIY客户，泡沫适中，易擦拭，光泽、手感好。
目前市售的汽车清洁产品清洗效果参差不齐，有些不仅达不到需要的清洗效果，更重要的是长期使用可能会损伤汽车，出现腐蚀性损坏等，严重时还会影响驾驶安全。而且大部分清洗剂在使用过程中，需要大量水冲洗，冲洗后的污水对于水资源造成了极大的浪费。因此，随着技术的进步和人们环保意识的提高，发明一种新型、高效、专业、环保的清洗剂是本领域亟需解决的一个重要问题。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是：针对目前常见的洗车液多使用化学类表面活性剂，起泡性和去污能力差，上光性能低，长期使用会对车身产生腐蚀的缺陷，提供了一种从牛奶中提取乳脂，将其和葡萄糖在还原性草酸的作用下合成含有甘油的天然表面活性剂，再配以生物质成膜浓缩液和茶叶提取液制得洗车液的方法，本发明利用乳脂在酸性环境下水解生成高级脂肪酸，再在还原性草酸的作用下还原成高级脂肪酸醇，将其和葡萄糖在高温下反应生成甘油和烷基葡萄糖苷，鸡肝提取液中的氮、硫、磷等元素和甘油协同作用，在车身表面形成一层化学保护膜，保护车身并起到上光作用，而蛋黄中的卵凝脂和烷基葡萄糖苷作为表面活性剂，去污力强、泡沫丰富、细腻且稳定，最后茶叶提取液中的茶皂素和茶多酚又具有抗氧化作用，提高洗车液的贮存稳定性，本发明制得的洗车液协同效应明显，无毒、低刺激，生物降解迅速彻底，对车身无任何腐蚀，具有极佳的应用前景。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
（1）取2～3kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至80～82℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在4～6℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；
（2）将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至80～85℃，保温处理15～20min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量3～5%的草酸，继续加热升温至85～95℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应2～3h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，备用；
（3）按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在30～35℃下静置密封发酵9～12天；
（4）待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在70～80℃下搅拌反应15～20min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以3000～4000r/min转速离心处理15～20min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，备用；
（5）取100～200g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎20～30min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和300～500mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.3～0.5g纤维素酶和0.4～0.6g果胶酶，在40～45℃下保温酶解3～5h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在70～80℃下醇沉2～4h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；
（6）按重量份数计，称取20～30份步骤（2）备用的含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、5～10份上述茶叶提取物、15～25份步骤（4）备用的浓缩液和40～50份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合1～2h后出料装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
本发明的应用方法：将本发明制备的柔和型生物质洗车液与水按质量比1:25～1:30混合，搅拌3～5min，制得混合液，再将混合液用喷液机均匀喷淋到车身、轮毂、轮胎，使用6～8MPa的洗车机进行高压冲洗，洗车液在喷洗过的部位静置2～3min后，擦干即可。经检测，与使用传统的洗车液相比，其用水量降低45～50%，洗车时间减少45～52%，且汽车表面无痕迹、无腐蚀，并且减少污水排放45%以上。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明制备的柔和型生物质洗车液为中性，对皮肤无刺激，对车身涂层无腐蚀，对环境无污染；
（2）本发明制得的柔和型生物质洗车液能有效去除车体表面静电，有效防止灰尘的沉积，并且工艺操作简单安全，对环境友好，生物降解性能优良。
具体实施方式
取2～3kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至80～82℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在4～6℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至80～85℃，保温处理15～20min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量3～5%的草酸，继续加热升温至85～95℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应2～3h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在30～35℃下静置密封发酵9～12天；待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在70～80℃下搅拌反应15～20min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以3000～4000r/min转速离心处理15～20min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，取100～200g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎20～30min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和300～500mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.3～0.5g纤维素酶和0.4～0.6g果胶酶，在40～45℃下保温酶解3～5h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在70～80℃下醇沉2～4h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；按重量份数计，称取20～30份含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、5～10份上述茶叶提取物、15～25份浓缩液和40～50份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合1～2h后出料装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
实例1
取2kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至80℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在4℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至80℃，保温处理15min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量3%的草酸，继续加热升温至85℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应2h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在30℃下静置密封发酵9天；待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在70℃下搅拌反应15min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以3000r/min转速离心处理15min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，取100g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎20min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和300mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.3g纤维素酶和0.4g果胶酶，在40℃下保温酶解3h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在70℃下醇沉2h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；按重量份数计，称取20份含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、5份上述茶叶提取物、15份浓缩液和40份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合1h后出料装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
将本发明制备的柔和型生物质洗车液与水按质量比1:25混合，搅拌3min，制得混合液，再将混合液用喷液机均匀喷淋到车身、轮毂、轮胎，使用6MPa的洗车机进行高压冲洗，洗车液在喷洗过的部位静置2min后，擦干即可。经检测，与使用传统的洗车液相比，其用水量降低45%，洗车时间减少45%，且汽车表面无痕迹、无腐蚀，并且减少污水排放46%。
实例2
取2kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至82℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在6℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至85℃，保温处理20min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量5%的草酸，继续加热升温至95℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应3h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在35℃下静置密封发酵12天；待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在80℃下搅拌反应20min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以4000r/min转速离心处理20min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，取200g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎30min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和500mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.5g纤维素酶和0.6g果胶酶，在45℃下保温酶解5h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在80℃下醇沉4h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；按重量份数计，称取30份含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、10份上述茶叶提取物、25份浓缩液和50份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合2h后出料装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
将本发明制备的柔和型生物质洗车液与水按质量比1:30混合，搅拌5min，制得混合液，再将混合液用喷液机均匀喷淋到车身、轮毂、轮胎，使用8MPa的洗车机进行高压冲洗，洗车液在喷洗过的部位静置3min后，擦干即可。经检测，与使用传统的洗车液相比，其用水量降低50%，洗车时间减少52%，且汽车表面无痕迹、无腐蚀，并且减少污水排放47%。
实例3
取3kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至81℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在5℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至83℃，保温处理18min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量4%的草酸，继续加热升温至90℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应3h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在33℃下静置密封发酵11天；待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在75℃下搅拌反应18min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以3500r/min转速离心处理18min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，取150g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎25min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和400mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.4g纤维素酶和0.5g果胶酶，在43℃下保温酶解4h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在75℃下醇沉3h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；按重量份数计，称取25份含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、8份上述茶叶提取物、20份浓缩液和45份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合2h后出料装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
将本发明制备的柔和型生物质洗车液与水按质量比1:28混合，搅拌4min，制得混合液，再将混合液用喷液机均匀喷淋到车身、轮毂、轮胎，使用7MPa的洗车机进行高压冲洗，洗车液在喷洗过的部位静置3min后，擦干即可。经检测，与使用传统的洗车液相比，其用水量降低48%，洗车时间减少49%，且汽车表面无痕迹、无腐蚀，并且减少污水排放46%。
Claims (1)
1.一种柔和型生物质洗车液的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）取2～3kg新鲜水牛奶倒入锅中煮沸后静置冷却至80～82℃，立刻将热牛奶倒入在4～6℃下预冷过的碗中，热牛奶碰到冷碗壁，牛奶中的脂肪颗粒上浮，在碗面形成致密的奶皮，用消毒后的镊子夹出奶皮并放入带有温度计和搅拌器的三口烧瓶中；
（2）将上述三口烧瓶放入水浴锅中，加热升温至80～85℃，保温处理15～20min使奶皮融化并蒸发去除奶皮中的水分，再向烧瓶中加入奶皮等质量的葡萄糖和葡萄糖质量3～5%的草酸，继续加热升温至85～95℃，启动搅拌器，保温搅拌反应2～3h，待反应结束后过滤收集滤液，即得含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂，备用；
（3）按质量比为1:1:1将鸡蛋黄、鸡肝和质量分数为7%氯化钠溶液混合后放入组织匀浆机中粉碎成浆，将得到的混合浆液装入发酵罐中，向罐中加入鸡肝质量10%的沼气液，搅拌均匀后在30～35℃下静置密封发酵9～12天；
（4）待上述发酵结束后，按质量比为10:1将发酵物和质量分数为30%双氧水混合，在70～80℃下搅拌反应15～20min，反应结束后将反应物用离心机以3000～4000r/min转速离心处理15～20min，分离得到上清液并转入旋转蒸发仪旋蒸浓缩至其原体积的1/5，得到浓缩液，备用；
（5）取100～200g新鲜茶叶，用气流粉碎机粉碎20～30min后得到茶叶碎片，将茶叶碎片和300～500mL蒸馏水混合后装入酶解罐，向罐中加入0.3～0.5g纤维素酶和0.4～0.6g果胶酶，在40～45℃下保温酶解3～5h，过滤得到酶解液，按质量比为4:1将无水乙醇和酶解液混合后在70～80℃下醇沉2～4h，过滤得到沉淀，干燥后即得茶叶提取物；
（6）按重量份数计，称取20～30份步骤（2）备用的含有甘油的自制天然表面活性剂、5～10份上述茶叶提取物、15～25份步骤（4）备用的浓缩液和40～50份去离子水混合后放入胶体磨中，研磨混合1～2h后出料，装瓶，即得柔和型生物质洗车液。
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