CN106633305A - 一种高透气率复合透气膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高透气率复合透气膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106633305A CN106633305A CN201611194212.3A CN201611194212A CN106633305A CN 106633305 A CN106633305 A CN 106633305A CN 201611194212 A CN201611194212 A CN 201611194212A CN 106633305 A CN106633305 A CN 106633305A
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- parts
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- resin
- high air
- air penetrability
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- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明属于新材料和塑料加工领域,公开了一种高透气率复合透气膜的组成及其制备方法,所述高透气率复合透气膜由以下组成:聚烯烃树脂、超微细无机粉体、界面改性剂、无机粉体分散剂、加工润滑剂组成的母料,和聚烯烃树脂、加工流变剂、分散剂、防老剂组成的加工流变母料,与任选的聚烯烃树脂、共聚烯烃树脂中的至少一种混合后,通过三层复合共挤设备制备得到一种高透气率复合透气膜;本发明制备的复合透气膜具有气体透过率高、表面亲水、不产生静电、抗穿刺性好、拉伸强度高等优点;本发明采用三层共挤制备工艺不仅提高复合透气膜的生产线速度,具有生产率高、单位产品能耗低的优点,还使得制备的复合透气膜具有强度高、缺陷少、无刺激的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域,公开了一种高透气率复合透气膜的原料组成及其制备方法和由该原料制备的高透气率复合透气膜。
背景技术
常规的塑料薄膜是不透气的,通过单向或双向拉伸超微细无机粉体改性后的塑料薄膜形成无数互通的微孔(每平方米约有1010个孔径在0.1μm~5μm的微孔),从而对空气和水蒸汽具有良好的透过性,但因液体存在表面张力而对液体具有阻隔性,这种薄膜被称为透气微孔膜,简称透气膜。其原理是,超微细无机粉体改性的塑料薄膜在适当的外力拉伸作用下,聚合物基体与刚性无机粉体界面剥离,聚合物延展形成孔径在0.1μm~5μm的相互贯穿的微孔,聚合物由于蠕变和松弛而不能恢复初始状态,形成永久性的微孔。透气膜广泛应用在日常生活、医疗、特种工业防护、农业生产、工业包装领域中,仅2015年上述领域对透气膜的需求量就超过35万吨。
现有的配方工艺生产的透气膜缺陷较多,比如:拉伸强度≤8MPa,不抗穿刺;有大量孔径≥30μm的微孔导致液体能渗透过;平均水汽透过率≤120000g/㎡•24h,制成的一次性用品在使用时让人感觉闷热;选用的无机粉体处理不当,致使透气膜表面有粉体脱落刺激皮肤等。发明人针对当前透气膜的不足,特别是在使用中水汽透过率不高的问题,提供一种全新的高透气率复合透气膜的原料方案和生产制备方案。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种高透气率复合透气膜的原料。高透气率复合透气膜至少由两层以上构成,其A层和B层采用的原料如下:
A层原料为按份数比包括以下组分:
超微细无机粉体母料: 55-75份;
加工流变母料: 3-8份;
聚烯烃树脂: 55-85份;
共聚烯烃树脂: 2-5份;
B层原料为按份数比包括以下组分:
超微细无机粉体母料: 75-90份;
加工流变母料: 0.5-1份;
聚烯烃树脂: 15-35份;
共聚烯烃树脂: 35-45份。
具体的,上述A层和B层原料中的超微细无机粉体母料为按份数比包括以下组分,并由以下组分搅拌均匀后经过双螺杆挤出机或密炼机混炼后挤出造粒得到:
聚烯烃树脂: 12-22份;
超微细无机粉体: 90-100份;
界面改性剂: 5-10份;
无机粉体分散剂: 3-8份;
加工润滑剂: 3-5份;
优选的,组成超微细无机粉体母料的聚烯烃树脂为熔指在5~10的低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、熔指在16~20的线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、按重量比计LDPE树脂和LLDPE树脂1:1混合所得中的任意一种;超微细无机粉体为粒径大小在2μm ~5μm之间的碳酸钙粉、硫酸钡粉、滑石粉、按重量比计碳酸钙和硫酸钡1︰1混合所得、按重量比计碳酸钙和滑石粉1︰1混合所得中的至少一种;界面改性剂为马来酸酐接枝乙烯/α烯烃共聚物(POE-g-MAH)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA-g-MAH)中的至少一种;无机粉体分散剂为按重量比计异丙醇铝和硬脂酸1:1混合所得、乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸中的至少一种;加工润滑剂为低分子量聚乙烯、石蜡、白油中的至少一种。
具体的,上述A层和B层原料中的加工流变母料为按份数比包括以下组分,并由以下组分混合均匀后经过双螺杆挤出机混炼后挤出造粒得到:
聚烯烃树脂: 80-90份;
加工流变剂: 8-12份;
分散剂: 5-8份;
防老剂: 0.5-1份
优选的,组成加工流变母料的聚烯烃树脂为熔指在2~2.5的低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、熔指在1.5~4的线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、按重量比计LDPE树脂和LLDPE树脂1:0.5混合所得中的任意一种;加工流变剂为分子量在1万~3万的有机硅树脂、含氟聚合物、二甲基硅油、低分子聚酰胺树脂中的至少一种;分散剂为乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基胺聚氧乙烯醚、杜邦Entira SD100添加剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、硬脂酸单酐酯中的至少一种;防老剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯、N,N’-双[β- (3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰]肼、2,4-二(十二烷基硫甲基)-6-甲基苯酚中的至少一种。
具体的,一种高透气率复合透气膜选用的聚烯烃树脂为熔指在1.0-2.0之间的低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、熔指在1.8-4.5之间的线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、熔指小于2的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中的至少一种。
具体的,一种高透气率复合透气膜选用的共聚烯烃树脂为VA含量在8%-20%且熔指在1~6之间的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)树脂。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种高透气率复合透气膜的加工工艺方法。一种高透气率复合透气膜的工艺流程为“原料→干燥投料→三层挤出→吹胀冷却→折叠牵引→冷拉伸→退火及表面处理→成品”,具体工艺参数如下:
a、将上述A层或B层原料在塑料混合机中充分干燥和混合均匀,干燥温度在70℃-80℃,干燥时间至少30min;
b、A层和B层原料通过三层共挤吹膜设备在加工温度145℃-165℃,吹胀比2.5~2.8,牵引比5.8~6.2下吹出厚度为80μm-150μm的膜胚;
c、加热膜胚到65℃-85℃,再通过单向或双向冷拉伸,控制冷拉伸比为1.8-4.5,将冷拉伸得到的薄膜在65℃~85℃下恒温3~5min退火处理,并用电晕进行表面亲水抗静电处理,收卷后包装即得高透气率复合透气膜。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是由上述高透气率复合透气膜原料和加工工艺制备得到的高透气率复合透气膜。
具体的,上述高透气率复合透气膜为“A|B|A”的三层复合结构,厚度为15μm~45μm,水气透过率为12000g/㎡•24h~15000 g/㎡•24h,空气透气率为3500cm3/(cm2·KPa·24h)~5500cm3/(cm2·KPa·24h),80℃热收缩率≤3%,25℃耐水静压为30mmHg~38mmHg,拉伸强度为9.5MPa~12MPa,透气微孔平均数量为1010个/m2~1012个/m2,透气微孔孔径为0.01μm~15μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明高透气率复合透气膜的透气性高、安全卫生,长时间接触人体不会刺激皮肤,拉伸强度高、耐穿刺,在日常生活、医疗、特种工业防护、农业生产、工业包装领域具有更舒适的实际使用效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来对本发明作进一步阐述。
实施例1
①按照如下配方组分按比例投入110L密炼机中混炼24min后,再经长径比24:1的Φ210/Φ190单螺杆挤出,经磨面热切造粒,空气冷却后得到超微细无机粉体母料:
LDPE 1F7B树脂: 15份;
D97=4.6μm的超微细碳酸钙粉体: 95份;
能之光E625改性剂: 6份;
KH550分散剂: 5份;
燕山石化LP1000: 4份;
密炼温度 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 机头温度 | 主机转速 | 切粒转速 |
148℃ | 135℃ | 145℃ | 150℃ | 155℃ | 150℃ | 258r/min | 125r/min |
②按照如下配方组分投入200L高速搅拌机中搅拌5min后,再经长径比44:1的Φ72同向双螺杆挤出机挤出,拉条经水冷却后切粒,再经沸腾床80℃干燥5min得到加工流变母料:
燕山石化LD362树脂: 90份;
EVONIK Tegopren 5885: 8份;
单硬脂酸甘油酯: 5份;
抗氧剂1010: 0.5份
1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 5区温度 | 6区温度 | 7区温度 | 8区温度 | 9区温度 | 10区温度 | 机头温度 | 主机转速 |
145℃ | 165℃ | 170℃ | 175℃ | 175℃ | 170℃ | 165℃ | 165℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 165℃ | 230r/min |
③按照如下配方组分投入SZG-350双锥回转真空干燥机中干燥混合30min,调节真空度为0.02MPa,得到高透气复合透气膜的外层(A层)原料:
超微细无机粉体母料: 60份;
加工流变母料: 6份;
LDPE LD100AC树脂: 55份;
EVA YG1001树脂: 2份;
④按照如下配方组分投入SZG-350双锥回转真空干燥机中干燥混合30min,调节真空度为0.02MPa,得到高透气复合透气膜的内芯层(B层)原料:
超微细无机粉体母料: 80份;
加工流变母料: 0.5份;
LDPE 2426H树脂: 15份;
EVA 18J3树脂: 35份。
⑤将外层(A层)原料和内芯层(B层)原料分别用真空吸料机吸入三层共挤挤出机组的A、B挤出机的料斗中,进行三层共挤吹膜得到厚度为60μm的膜胚;
外层挤出机(A挤出机)参数如下:
长径比 | 直径 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 熔体泵温度 | 机颈温度 | 主机转速 |
30:1 | Φ90 | 145℃ | 150℃ | 155℃ | 155℃ | 160℃ | 155℃ | 35r/min |
内芯层挤出机(B挤出机)参数如下:
长径比 | 直径 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 5区温度 | 熔体泵温度 | 机颈温度 | 主机转速 |
36:1 | Φ65 | 135℃ | 155℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 22r/min |
吹膜参数如下:
模芯直径 | 1段温度 | 2段温度 | 3段温度 | 吹胀比 | 牵引比 | 膜胚厚度 | 冷却风量 |
Φ600 | 165℃ | 160℃ | 150℃ | 2.65 | 5.9 | 60μm | 62% |
⑥将膜胚通过牵引辊引入红外加热拉伸区,拉伸取向,制得具有微孔的薄膜,再加热退火处理,包装得到高透气率复合透气膜:
拉伸温度 | 拉伸比 | 退火温度 | 退火时间 |
72℃ | 1.9 | 80℃ | 5min |
本实施例所得高透气率复合透气膜性能如下:结构为“A|B|A”的三层复合结构,厚度为35μm,水气透过率为12300g/㎡•24h,空气透气率为3700cm3/(cm2·KPa·24h),热收缩率1.2%,25℃耐水静压为35mmHg,拉伸强度为10.8MPa,显微镜测量透气微孔平均数量为2.7×1011个/m2,显微镜测量透气微孔最大孔径为8.6μm。
实施例2
①按照如下配方组分按比例投入90L密炼机中混炼23min后,再经长径比26:1的Φ160/Φ145单螺杆挤出,经磨面热切造粒,空气冷却后得到超微细无机粉体母料:
LLDPE 7144树脂: 16份;
D97=2.5μm的滑石粉: 92份;
能之光N408改性剂: 8份;
异丙醇铝和硬脂酸1:1混合: 5份;
75#石蜡: 3份;
密炼温度 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 机头温度 | 主机转速 | 切粒转速 |
142℃ | 130℃ | 135℃ | 135℃ | 135℃ | 140℃ | 230r/min | 110r/min |
②按照如下配方组分投入200L高速搅拌机中搅拌5min后,再经长径比40:1的Φ65同向双螺杆挤出机挤出,拉条经水冷却后切粒,再经沸腾床80℃干燥5min得到加工流变母料:
7042树脂: 85份;
Lanpoly 2800: 10份;
Entira SD100: 8份;
抗氧剂1024: 0.6份
1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 5区温度 | 6区温度 | 7区温度 | 8区温度 | 9区温度 | 10区温度 | 机头温度 | 主机转速 |
145℃ | 165℃ | 170℃ | 180℃ | 175℃ | 170℃ | 170℃ | 165℃ | 165℃ | 160℃ | 165℃ | 200r/min |
③按照如下配方组分投入SZG-350双锥回转真空干燥机中干燥混合30min,调节真空度为0.02MPa,得到高透气复合透气膜的外层(A层)原料:
超微细无机粉体母料: 70份;
加工流变母料: 5份;
7001树脂: 60份;
EVA 18J3树脂: 2份;
④按照如下配方组分投入SZG-350双锥回转真空干燥机中干燥混合30min,调节真空度为0.02MPa,得到高透气复合透气膜的内芯层(B层)原料:
超微细无机粉体母料: 90份;
加工流变母料: 0.5份;
7042树脂: 15份;
EVA 2520树脂: 42份。
⑤将外层(A层)原料和内芯层(B层)原料分别用真空吸料机吸入双机挤出三层共挤挤出机组的A、B挤出机的料斗中,进行三层共挤吹膜得到厚度为80μm的膜胚;
外层挤出机(A挤出机)参数如下:
长径比 | 直径 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 熔体泵温度 | 机颈温度 | 主机转速 |
30:1 | Φ90 | 150℃ | 155℃ | 155℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 155℃ | 45r/min |
内芯层挤出机(B挤出机)参数如下:
长径比 | 直径 | 1区温度 | 2区温度 | 3区温度 | 4区温度 | 5区温度 | 熔体泵温度 | 机颈温度 | 主机转速 |
36:1 | Φ65 | 135℃ | 155℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 160℃ | 28r/min |
吹膜参数如下:
模芯直径 | 1段温度 | 2段温度 | 3段温度 | 吹胀比 | 牵引比 | 膜胚厚度 | 冷却风量 |
Φ600 | 165℃ | 160℃ | 155℃ | 2.55 | 6.0 | 80μm | 85% |
⑥将膜胚通过牵引辊引入红外加热拉伸区,拉伸取向,制得具有微孔的薄膜,再加热退火处理,包装得到高透气率复合透气膜:
拉伸温度 | 拉伸比 | 退火温度 | 退火时间 |
75℃ | 2.8 | 82℃ | 5min |
本实施例所得高透气率复合透气膜性能如下:结构为“A|B|A”的三层复合结构,厚度为30μm,水气透过率为14700g/㎡•24h,空气透气率为3900cm3/(cm2·KPa·24h),热收缩率1.5%,25℃耐水静压为30mmHg,拉伸强度为11.2MPa,显微镜测量透气微孔平均数量为7.2×1010个/m2,显微镜测量透气微孔最大孔径为11.8μm。
上述实施例中所用的三层共挤设备为德国W@H VAREXⅡ3型机组上减少合并一台外层挤出机,增加内层挤出机长径比为36:1后得到;但是实际制备时,并不局限于该型号、该类型的设备,其他类似结构的三层共挤吹膜设备和三层共挤流延设备同样适用于本发明。
现将实施例1和实施例2制备得到的高透气率复合透气膜和现有的透气膜进行透气性能的比较,见下表1:
表1
从上表1可以看出,本发明复合透气膜在透气率、针孔缺陷、拉伸强度、光泽度、抗液体静压、热收缩率等几个方面都明显优于现有的透气膜。所以,本发明方法制备的高透气率复合透气膜,在日常生活、医疗、特种工业防护、农业生产、工业包装领域具有更舒适的使用效果。
Claims (9)
1.一种高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:
a、一种高透气率复合透气膜由三层构成,其A层(表面层)和B层(芯层)采用的原料组成如下:
A层用原料为按份数比包括以下组分:
超微细无机粉体母料: 55-75份;
加工流变母料: 3-8份;
聚烯烃树脂: 55-85份;
共聚烯烃树脂: 2-5份
B层用原料为按份数比包括以下组分:
超微细无机粉体母料: 75-90份;
加工流变母料: 0.5-1份;
聚烯烃树脂: 15-35份;
共聚烯烃树脂: 35-45份
b、A层和B层原料分别混合均匀后在140℃-170℃的加工温度下,通过三层共挤工艺设备制备得到厚度在50μm-150μm的膜胚;
c、将膜胚加热到65℃-95℃的温度区间内,再通过单向或双向拉伸后得到厚度在15μm-30μm、水汽透过率≥12000g/㎡•24h的高透气率复合透气膜,拉伸比在1.8-4.5的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤a中,所述的超微细无机粉体母料为按份数比包括以下组分:
聚烯烃树脂: 12-22份;
超微细无机粉体: 90-100份;
界面改性剂: 5-10份;
无机粉体分散剂: 3-8份;
加工润滑剂: 3-5份;
并由上述组分经过双螺杆或密炼机混炼后挤出造粒得到。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤a中,组成超微细无机粉体母料的聚烯烃树脂为低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、按重量比计LDPE树脂和LLDPE树脂1:0.5至1:2混合所得中的任意一种;超微细无机粉体为粒径大小在2μm ~5μm之间的碳酸钙粉、硫酸钡粉、滑石粉、玻璃微珠、按重量比计碳酸钙和硫酸钡1︰1混合所得、按重量比计碳酸钙和滑石粉1︰1混合所得中的至少一种;界面改性剂为马来酸酐接枝乙烯/α烯烃共聚物(POE-g-MAH)、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA-g-MAH)中的至少一种;无机粉体分散剂为按重量比计异丙醇铝和硬脂酸1:1混合所得、乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸中的至少一种;加工润滑剂为低分子量聚乙烯、石蜡、白油中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤a中,所述的加工流变母料为按份数比包括以下组分:
聚烯烃树脂: 80-90份;
加工流变剂: 8-12份;
分散剂: 5-8份;
防老剂: 0.5-1份
并由上述组分经过双螺杆混炼后挤出造粒得到。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤a中,组成加工流变母料的聚烯烃树脂为低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、按重量比计LDPE树脂和LLDPE树脂1:0.5混合所得中的任意一种;加工流变剂为高分子聚硅氧烷、含氟聚合物、二甲基硅油、低分子聚酰胺树脂中的至少一种;分散剂为乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基胺聚氧乙烯醚、杜邦Entira SD100添加剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、硬脂酸单酐酯中的至少一种;防老剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯、N,N’-双[β- (3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰]肼、2,4-二(十二烷基硫甲基)-6-甲基苯酚中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤a中,所述的聚烯烃树脂为熔指在1.0-2.0之间的低密度聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)、熔指在1.8-4.5之间的线性低密度聚乙烯树脂(LLDPE)、熔指低于2的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中的至少一种,所述的共聚烯烃树脂为VA含量在8%-20%且熔指低于10的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)树脂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高透气率复合透气膜,其特征在于:步骤b中,所述三层共挤工艺为三层共挤吹塑薄膜工艺或三层共挤流延薄膜工艺;其中A层为表面层,B层为芯层,高透气率复合透气膜为“A|B|A”的复合结构。
8.由权利要求1~7任一项所述的高透气率复合透气膜的制备方法得到的透气膜专用料。
9.由权利要求1~8任一项所述的高透气率复合透气膜的制备方法得到的水汽透过率≥12000g/㎡•24h的透气膜产品。
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