CN106565785B - 一种具有抗hbv/hiv活性的核苷氨基磷酸酯类化合物及其盐和用途 - Google Patents
一种具有抗hbv/hiv活性的核苷氨基磷酸酯类化合物及其盐和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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Abstract
本发明涉及一组具有抗HBV/HIV活性的非环核苷算磷酰胺类化合物及其异构体、药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或结晶和其药物组合物及用途;本发明涉及的新型非环核苷氨基磷酸酯,在氨基磷酸酯部分,氨基酸为D‑氨基酸。在前药中引入D‑氨基酸酯,以期得到具有更高的化学稳定性、更高的脂溶性和更高抑制病毒活性的新的非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物。这种创造性的设计提高了药物的抗病毒活性,改善了药物的溶解性以及药代动力学特征,提高了在组织细胞和血浆中的浓度比,进而可以提高药物的疗效、安全性和耐受性,具有非常好的临床应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工领域,涉及一种非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物、其药物组合物、制备方法及用途。
背景技术
从1981年发现首例艾滋病(AIDS)病例来,至今30多年间,艾滋病迅速在全球范围内蔓延扩散。该疾患已经成为全球的健康危机,也是全球所面临的重大挑战之一;其严重危害社会进步和经济增长。据报道,目前,全球大约6000多万人被HIV感染,其中3000万人死于艾滋病以及由艾滋病引发的相关疾病。
目前已成功地研制出了一系列抗逆转录酶抑制剂(核苷类,NRTI和非核苷类,NNRTI)、蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)、整合酶抑制剂(INSTI)和进入抑制剂(CCRs inhibitors orfusion inhibitors)的艾滋病药物,如逆转录酶抑制剂 (AZT,DDC,DDI,D4T, 3TC,Nevirapine, Delavirdine ,Efavinavir ,Amprenavir)。鸡尾酒疗法(HAART)是这几类药联合使用,客观上延长了艾滋病患者的生命和提高了他们的生活质量,但长期用鸡尾酒疗法治疗HIV感染,容易产生耐药性,同时又有严重的毒副作用,如骨髓抑制和健忘以及导致耐药病毒株的出现,因此开发低毒,高效,并对临床的各种耐药株敏感的艾滋病药物仍然是热点。
乙型病毒性肝炎,简称乙肝(Hepatitis B),是有乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis BVirus)引起的以肝脏急、慢性病变为主的可以引起全身多器官损害的一种传染性疾病。乙肝感染成世界性流行,不同地区HBV感染的流行强度差异很大,其中亚太地区、非洲及阿拉伯半岛、北美洲北部和南美洲东部分为主要流行区域,尤其以儿童和青壮年为主。乙型肝炎是一种损害肝脏的病毒感染,可造成急性或慢性疾病,一直严重危害人类健康,至今仍是世界性的医学难题。据世界卫生组织统计,自从1963年发现乙肝病毒(HBV)以来,乙型病毒性肝炎全球约20亿人曾感染过乙肝病毒,其中3.5亿人为慢性乙肝病毒感染者,每年约有68.6万人死于乙肝所致的并发症,包括肝衰竭、肝硬化和肝癌。我国是乙肝高发国家之一。据乙型肝炎流行病调查结果显示,我国约有7-8亿人感染过乙肝病毒,现有乙肝病毒携带者约1.4亿人,全国现有慢性肝炎病人约3000万人。每年死于慢性乙肝相关疾病的患者高达30万。据乙肝年报告的发病率数据仍显示有显著上升到趋势。每年乙肝感染者用于支付的医疗费用高达500亿人民币。因此,乙型肝炎不仅严重影响现代人的身体健康,而且给社会、家庭带来了沉重的经济负担,是我国乃至全世界医药界共同关注的重要课题。
目前治疗乙型肝炎的主要药物为干扰素和核苷类化合物。α-干扰素(IFN)主要通过两个途径来控制乙肝病毒复制:1、直接抑制细胞内的病毒复制,2、激活体内的T细胞,对感染体内的乙肝病毒产生破坏作用。但是,由于IFN的治疗效率较低、副作用强和成本高,因此,临床应用受到限制。核苷类化合物是近年来抗乙肝病毒药物研究的主要领域。核苷类抗病毒药物是病毒DNA聚合酶或逆转录酶的抑制剂,其能够通过和HBV病毒的天然底物dNTP竞争HBV病毒的结合位点,终止病毒DNA链的合成,最终抑制病毒复制。
与环状核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂相比,非环核苷化合物替诺福韦(TFV)在防止病毒耐药性问题上具有明显优势,体外研究显示具有抗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)活性。
由于含有磷酸基团的化合物在生理pH条件下通常带负电荷而极性太强不易通过生物膜,因此该类药物口服生物利用度差、组织分布系数低和具有一定的肾毒性。因此,在开发该类药物时,通常运用前药原理将磷酸基团的负电荷掩蔽,消除该类药物的不足。
替诺福韦双吡呋酯是替诺福韦(PMPA)的双酯前药,其富马酸盐(tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate,TDF)已被美国食品药品管说理局(FDA)批准用于治疗HIV 和HBV感染。研究表明TDF的化学性质不稳定,在血浆中极其容易被水解酶水解,导致TFV(PMPA) 在血浆中的浓度很高,因此到达作用部位的药物浓度低。当高剂量使用TDF时,血浆中高浓度的TFV是产生肾毒性的因素之一(Pieter A.,Pharma. Research.1997, 14(4), 492 - 496) ;(Taeg H. Drugs of the Future 2004,29(2), 163 - 177)。替诺福韦艾拉酚胺(TAF)是吉利德科学开发的另一个替诺福韦的酯类前体药物,具有广谱抗病毒作用,可抑制HIV-1、HIV-2的逆转录酶及HBV聚合酶,从而抑制病毒复制。替诺福韦前药口服后水解为替诺福韦(TFV),替诺福韦被细胞激酶磷酸化成具有药理活性的代谢产物替诺福韦二磷酸(TFV-DP),后者与5'-三磷酸脱氧腺苷酸竞争,参与病毒DNA的合成,进入病毒DNA后由于缺乏3'-羟基而导致DNA延长受阻,从而抑制病毒的复制。
替诺福韦的前药,本身没有抗病毒活性,只有当它进入体内游离出原药后才能发挥疗效。由于部分药物在吸收进入血液前即被水解,释放出的原药替诺福韦由于膜透过性差,会迅速被排出体外而难以在感染部分保持足够的浓度,致使其人体生物利用度较低。因此,对替诺福韦进行进一步的研究和改造具有重要价值。
在替诺福韦前药研究中,专利(CN1810816)报道了在分子中磷酸基的一个羟基上引入脂溶性烷氧乙基长链,使分子结构中磷酸基团的一个羟基被酯化、另一个仍处于游离状态,得到替诺福韦的磷酸长链烷氧乙/丙基单酯衍生物,该脂溶性长链的引入既改善了化合物的药代动力学性质又保留了抗病毒活性。临床前的数据表明,该类化合物有很高的活性和抗耐药性,同时其毒性也很低,不会抑制肝脏内代谢这些药物的酶系。
专利CN1810816中化合物的通式结构式为:
其中,x=0-8, y=l-20.
专利CN101977610报道了药物CMX157,它也是替诺福韦的前药。CMX157的结构式如下:
对HIV病毒无论野生型还是各种突变耐药型,CMX157都显示出了很高的活性、很低的毒性, 而且与上市的治疗HIV的药物联合使用时都有良好的协同作用。同时,CMX157有着很好的HBV活性,二期试验结果显示,病人用25mg的CMX157,14天后体内乙肝病毒降低了99%,它的临床效果相当于用300mg的TDF,而且毒副作用比TDF小很多。
在专利CN102786549 和 CN103224530 中,为了进一步提高CMX157类化合物的脂溶性,与TAF同样的策略,在前药中也引入了L-氨基酸酯,以便提高药物的活性和生物利用度。结果表明,与TAF类似,其脂溶性和活性都得到了提高。
尽管上述前药具有良好的抗病毒活性和药代动力学属性,但是对替诺福韦加以改造以进一步提高其稳定性和脂溶性及抑制病毒的活性,进而提高人体的生物利用度同时降低其毒副作用,开发具有我国独立知识产权并用于治疗艾滋病和乙肝的药物仍然具有重要的价值。由于D-氨基酸酯在体内和血液中比L-氨基酸酯更稳定,我们希望通过在前药中引入D-氨基酸酯而得到新型的替诺福韦的前药,增加其在体内和血液中的稳定性,从而在感染部分(肝脏),与L-氨基酸酯的前药相比,D-氨基酸酯前药的活性成分会增加许多倍。
发明内容
本发明的目的是对替诺福韦及其衍生结构作进一步的改进,在前药中引入D-氨基酸酯,以期得到具有更高的化学稳定性、更高的脂溶性和更高抑制病毒活性的新的非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物,即具有抑制HIV-1/HBV病复制活性的非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物及其盐。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种具有抗HBV/HIV活性的核苷氨基磷酸酯类化合物,具体是非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物或其异构体、药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或结晶,具有通式a,a1,a2和b,b1,b2,结构为
其 中:
(1) R1选自烷基、取代烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基;取代烷基的取代基独立选自一个或多个烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、氰基、 羧基、酯基、酰胺基、氨基、羟基; 烷基选自异丙基、正丙基、甲基、乙基、异丁基、新戊基、正丁基、环己基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基;
(2) R2独立选自烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基;R2优先选自氢、甲基或异丙基;
(3) R3独立地选自非取代或取代的C6-10芳基或杂芳基、烷氧基烷基,其中芳基选自苯基或4-环丙基苯基、烷氧基烷基[-CH2(CH2)mCH2OCH2(CH2)nCH3, 其中,m=0-3, n= 8-18];
(4) R4独立地选自氢或R5;
(5) R5独立地选自氨基酸酰基、C2-18烷基或烯基羧酸酰基、芳基羧酸酰基、C2-18烷氧羰基酰基;氨基酸是L-氨基酸、D-氨基酸、或非天然氨基酸;其中L-或D-氨基酸为甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸。
进一步地,R1为异丙基、乙基、异丁基、新戊基;R2为甲基;R3为苯基或4-环丙基苯基、烷氧基烷基[-CH2(CH2)mCH2OCH2(CH2)nCH3, 其中,m=0-3, n=8-18];R4选自氢或R5;R5独立地选自L-或D-氨基酸为甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸。
进一步地,R1为异丙基、乙基、异丁基、新戊基;R2为甲基;R3为苯基或4-环丙基苯基、烷氧基烷基[-CH2(CH2)mCH2OCH2(CH2)nCH3, 其中,m=0-3, n=8-18];R4选自氢或R5;R5独立地选自C2-18烷基或烯基羧酸酰基、C2-18烷氧羰基酰基。
具体地,所述化合物包括以下结构:
该化合物与腺嘌呤氨基部分形成的盐包括富马酸盐、半富马酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐和其他药学可用盐。
该化合物与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合制备成药物制剂以及纳米制剂,以适合于经口或胃肠外给药;给药方法包括经口、皮内、静脉内、皮下、肌内、腹膜内和鼻内途径;制剂施用途径包括输注或推注,通过经上皮或皮肤粘膜吸收的途径施用;给药包括全身的或局部的;经口施用制剂包括固体或液体剂型,包括片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、粒剂、粉剂、糖浆、乳剂和混悬剂;制剂可通过本领域已知的方法制备,且包含药物制剂领域常规使用的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂,纳米制剂。
本发明的化合物作为医药组合物的应用,且该医药组合物包含或不包含另外的治疗剂和增强剂。
进一步地,医药组合物中另外的治疗剂独立的选自以下组成的群: HIV逆转录酶核苷抑制剂、HIV逆转录酶核苷酸抑制剂、HIV逆转录酶非核苷抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、HIV整合酶抑制剂和CCR5抑制剂、HBV衣壳抑制剂(capsid inhibitor)、cccDNA形成抑制剂、cccDNA表观遗传修饰剂或乙肝RNAi药物;增强剂包括可比西他(Cobicistat)和利托那韦。
本发明的非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物或其异构体、药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或结晶和包括医学上可接受的赋形剂、纳米制剂和医药组合物,在制备或者作为治疗、辅助治疗和预防感染人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV的药物中的用途。
本发明的非环核苷酸磷酰胺类化合物或其异构体、药学可接受的盐、溶剂合物或结晶和包括医学上可接受的赋形剂、纳米制剂和医药组合物,在制备或者作为治疗、辅助治疗和预防感染乙肝和乙肝病毒HBV的药物中的用途。
术语定义
本发明使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义,即便如此,本发明仍然希望在此对这些术语和短语作更详尽的说明和解释,提及的术语和短语如有与公知含义不一致的,以本发明所表述的含义为准。
本发明中所用的药学上可接受的盐,具体地可列举本发明化合物与酸形成的盐,所述的酸选自盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸等。
本发明中所用的术语"溶剂合物"是指本发明化合物的通过与溶剂分子配位形成固态或液态的配合物的形式,溶剂合物中常见的例子是水合物。
本发明中所用的术语"结晶"是指本发明所述的化合物形成的各种固体形态,包括晶型和无定形。
本发明中所用的术语"卤素"或"卤代"是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
本发明中所用的术语"烷基"是指饱和的直链或支链一价烃基,具有1-6个碳原子(即C1-6烷基),包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、2-甲基丁基、正己基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、3, 3-二甲基丁基、2, 2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、 1,3-二甲基丁基、2, 3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,2-二甲基丙基等.
本发明中所用的术语"芳基"是指苯基、连苯基和萘基;取代苯基、连苯基和萘基。取代苯基、连苯基和萘基可以有一个或多个卤素、烷基、环烷基(如环丙烷和环丁烷等)、酯基、氰基、氨基、酰胺基、磺胺基、烯基、烷基酯基、烷基羧基取代基。
具体实施方式
实施例1
反应式
(1)、化合物2的制备
在一个三口瓶中加入PMPA(20g,70mmol)、无水乙腈(180ml)、三乙胺(19.6ml,140mmol)、DMAP(8.52g,70mmol)和亚磷酸三苯酯(32.42g,104mmol),反应混合物加热至80℃,在此温度下继续搅拌60小时至反应完全,蒸馏除去大部分溶解,加入乙酸乙酯(100ml)和水(80ml),水相用乙酸乙酯(2 × 100ml)洗涤,水溶液倒入一个反应瓶,用浓盐酸(12M,4.2ml)调至pH 3左右,在室温搅拌下加入100毫克晶种,然后慢慢加入浓盐酸(12M,1.4ml)调至pH 2。室温搅拌1小时,然后逐渐冷却至10℃左右,搅拌过夜,收集白色固体,并用20ml(pH 1.5)冷的盐酸溶液洗涤,干燥得20.4g,收率81%。1HNMR (400 MHz, D2O): δ 1.30 (d,J= 6.1 Hz, 3H), 3.59 (dd, J = 14.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J= 14.0, 9.0 Hz,1H), 4.1 (m, 1H), 4.3 (dd, J= 14.8, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.6 (dd, J= 14.8, 2 Hz, 1H),6.76 (d, J= 7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (t, J= 7 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (t, J= 7 Hz, 2H), 8.27 (s,1H), 8.34 (s, 1H)。
(2)化合物3的制备
方法一。
D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐1的制备与文献报道的L-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐的方法相同,1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ 1.30 (d, 3H), 1.31 (d, 3H), 1.52 (d, 3H), 4.02-4.07 (m, 1H), 5.08-5.15 (m, 1H).
反应瓶中加入D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐1(10g,59.7mmol)和二氯甲烷(100ml),搅拌下加入无水碳酸氢钾(14.5g,145mmol),室温下搅拌过夜,混合物过滤,滤饼用无水二氯甲烷(100ml)洗涤,滤液用新活化的4Å分子筛干燥至水<0.05%,溶液冷却至-25°C备用。
反应瓶中加入亚硫酰氯(7.2g,60.2mmol)和乙腈(100ml),加热至60℃,搅拌下30分钟内分批加入化合物2(10g,27.5mmol),随后反应混合物在70℃继续搅拌3小时至反应完全。反应完毕,温度调至40℃以下,减压下蒸去溶剂至干,冷却至室温,加入二氯甲烷(300ml)。在-25℃下,所得溶液慢慢地加到上一步制得的D-丙氨酸异丙酯溶液中,滴加过程中,控制反应液的温度小于-10℃,滴加完毕,在-10℃下搅拌1小时。用湿的pH试纸检查反应液,当pH<4时,反应液用三乙胺调至pH4-7,升至室温,加入饱和磷酸二氢钠溶液(60ml),剧烈搅拌,分出有机层,依次用饱和磷酸二氢钾溶液(60ml)洗涤,饱和碳酸氢钠(2× 50ml),水(50ml),饱和食盐水(100ml)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤蒸去溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚,0-20%;然后乙醇:二氯甲烷,0-8%),得化合物3(6.8g,收率52%)。1HNMR(400 MHz, CDC13): δ 1.21 - 1.34 (m, 12H), 3.60 - 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.86 - 4.23(m, 5H), 4.31 - 4.43 (m, 1H), 4.82 - 5.10 (m, 1H), 6.01 (br s, 3H), 7.17 -7.35 (m, 5H), 7.97 - 8.02 (m, 1H), 8.31 - 8.35 (m, 1H)。
方法二。
反应瓶中加入D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐1(9.4g,55mmol)、化合物2(10g,27.5mmol),三苯基膦(14.4g,55mmol)、二硫二吡啶(13.4g,35.7mmol)和吡啶(200ml),在氮气保护下,反应混合物慢慢加热至60°C,10分钟后,加入三乙胺(23ml,167ml),加毕,继续在80°C搅拌过夜。减压蒸去溶剂后,加入二氯甲烷(500ml)和水(150ml),有机层用饱和食盐水(100ml)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤蒸去溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚,0-20%;然后乙醇:二氯甲烷,0-8%),得化合物3(6.15g,收率47%)。1HNMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.21 –1.38 (m, 12H), 3.60 – 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.86 – 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.29 – 4.46 (m, 1H),4.85 – 5.12 (m, 1H), 6.01 (br s, 3H), 7.18 – 7.54 (m, 5H), 7.97-8.03 (m, 1H),8.32-8.37 (m, 1H);MS-ESI: 477.3 (M+1)+。
(3)化合物3的分离
方法一
非对映异构体3(715mg, 1.5mmol)可以用HPLC(ChiralpakID)拆分,用乙醇和正己烷,UV254检测,收集两个峰的组份,浓缩,分别得到化合物I-1-a1 (第一个峰,301mg,42%)和I-1-a2(第二个峰,293mg,41%)。1HNMR (400MHz, CDCl3): 化合物I-1-a1, δ 1.23 –1.38 (m, 12H), 3.73 (s, 1H), 3.86 – 4.23 (m, 4H), 4.29 – 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.87 –5.11 (m, 1H), 6.02 (br s, 3H), 7.18 – 7.55 (m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s,1H);化合物I-1-a2, δ 1.21 – 1.35 (m, 12H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.87 – 4.25 (m, 4H),4.29 – 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.85 – 5.11 (m, 1H), 6.01 (br s, 3H), 7.19 – 7.55 (m,5H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H)。
方法二
步骤1 在一个反应瓶中加入化合物3(7.15g,15mmol)、L-酒石酸(2.25g,15mmol)和乙腈(40ml),混合物在70 - 80℃加热溶解,冷却,过滤收集固体得到化合物3的L-酒石酸络合物(9-[(R)-2-[[(R,S)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)L-酒石酸盐7.0g(74.5%)。
步骤2 反应瓶中加入(9-[(R)-2-[[(R,S)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)L-酒石酸盐7.1g、水(60ml)和乙腈(6ml),混合物在60 - 65℃加热,冷却,过滤收集固体得到化合物3.5g,含95%(9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)L-酒石酸盐和(9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)L-酒石酸盐。
步骤3在反应瓶中加入步骤2中所得的固体混合物、二氯甲烷(10ml)和水(10ml),用氨水调节pH 8 – 9,分出有机层,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,减压蒸去二氯甲烷,残余物加入水(10ml),在55 - 60℃加热溶解,冷却,过滤收集固体得到化合物I-1-a1(2.4g), 9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤, 纯度99.5%,氢谱同上。
方法三
反应瓶中加入化合物3(9-[(R)-2-[[(R,S)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)(2.5g,5.25mmol,1eq)和乙腈(15ml),在45 - 55℃下,减压蒸去10ml乙腈,混合物冷却至室温,加入化合物I-1-a1的晶种(20mg),在室温下搅拌1小时,加入苯酚(50mg,0.525mmol,0.1eq)和DBU(80mg,0.525mmol,0.1eq),在室温下继续搅拌24小时,混合物冷却至0℃,继续搅拌20小时,过滤,收集固体,用冷的乙酸乙酯和乙腈的混合溶液(1 : 1, 8ml)洗涤,干燥,得白色固体产物I-1-a1 (1.7g,68%),9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤,纯度99.6%,氢谱同上。
同样的方法制备I-2-a1, 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), δ1.21 – 1.51 (m, 16H), 1.78-1.88 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 1H), 3.83 – 4.23 (m, 4H),4.27 – 4.43 (m, 1H), 4.84 – 5.13 (m, 1H), 6.00 (br s, 3H), 7.20 – 7.45 (m,4H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 517.4 (M+1)+。
同样的方法制备I-1-b2, 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3),δ 1.21 – 1.35 (m, 12H), 3.67 (s, 1H), 3.85 – 4.24 (m, 4H), 4.30 – 4.42 (m,1H), 4.88 – 5.10 (m, 1H), 6.02 (br s, 3H), 7.10 – 7.56 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H),8.32 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 477.4 (M+1)+。
实施例2
反应式
在反应瓶中加入(9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)I-1-a1 (120mg,0.25mmol),三乙胺(70ul,0.5mmol)和四氢呋喃(5ml),在氮气保护和0℃下,滴加辛酰氯(122mg,0.75mmol),加毕,在室温下继续搅拌过夜,反应液减压浓缩,残余物用硅胶柱分离(乙酸乙酯/己烷,0-60%)得产物II-1-a1(77mg,51%)。1HNMR(400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.23 – 1.51 (m, 22H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 3.76 (s,1H), 3.84 – 4.21 (m, 4H), 4.27 – 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.85 – 5.10 (m, 1H), 7.19 –7.57(m, 5H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 603.4 (M+1)+。
同样的方法合成如下化合物:
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.23 –1.51 (m, 26H), 2.35 (t, 2H), 3.75 (s, 1H), 3.82 – 4.23 (m, 4H), 4.28 – 4.47(m, 1H), 4.85 – 5.12 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.55(m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 631.2 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.23 –1.51 (m, 30H), 2.38 (t, 2H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 3.82 – 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.28 – 4.48(m, 1H), 4.83 – 5.11 (m, 1H), 7.20 – 7.58(m, 5H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 8.56(s, 1H);MS-ESI: 659.2 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.21 –1.56 (m, 34H), 2.35 (t, 2H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.28 – 4.49(m, 1H), 4.82 – 5.13 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.57(m, 5H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.55(s, 1H);MS-ESI: 687.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.18 –1.55 (m, 38H), 2.37 (t, 2H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 4.26 (m, 4H), 4.29 – 4.47(m, 1H), 4.83 – 5.14 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.58(m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.54(s, 1H);MS-ESI: 715.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.20 –1.57 (m, 42H), 2.34 (t, 2H), 3.75 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 4.27 (m, 4H), 4.29 – 4.48(m, 1H), 4.81 – 5.15 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.59(m, 5H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 8.52(s, 1H);MS-ESI: 743.6 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.20– 1.56 (m, 22H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 3.68 (s, 1H), 3.86 – 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.31 – 4.43(m, 1H), 4.87 – 5.11 (m, 1H), 7.11 – 7.57 (m, 5H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s,1H); MS-ESI: 603.3 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.20 –1.55 (m, 26H), 2.35 (t, 2H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.85 – 4.24 (m, 4H), 4.30 – 4.43(m, 1H), 4.85 – 5.10 (m, 1H), 7.10 – 7.58 (m, 5H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s,1H); MS-ESI: 631.3 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.21 –1.57 (m, 30H), 2.34 (t, 2H), 3.65 (s, 1H), 3.86 – 4.26 (m, 4H), 4.31 – 4.44(m, 1H), 4.86 – 5.19 (m, 1H), 7.11 – 7.58 (m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s,1H); MS-ESI: 659.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.92 (t, 3H), 1.19 –1.58 (m, 34H), 2.36 (t, 2H), 3.67 (s, 1H), 3.85 – 4.26 (m, 4H), 4.30 – 4.45(m, 1H), 4.84 – 5.19 (m, 1H), 7.12 – 7.56 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s,1H); MS-ESI: 687.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.89 (t, 3H),1.20 – 1.57 (m, 38H), 2.34 (t, 2H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.84 – 4.26 (m, 4H), 4.31 –4.46 (m, 1H), 4.84 – 5.20 (m, 1H), 7.10 – 7.57 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 8.52(s, 1H); MS-ESI: 715.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 0.90 (t, 3H),1.18 – 1.58 (m, 42H), 2.35 (t, 2H), 3.69 (s, 1H), 3.85 – 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.30 –4.44 (m, 1H), 4.85 – 5.19 (m, 1H), 7.10 – 7.59 (m, 5H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.53(s, 1H); MS-ESI: 743.5 (M+1)+。
实施例3
在反应瓶中加入(9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤)I-1-a1 (120mg,0.25mmol),N-甲基咪唑(41ul,0.5mmol)和二氯甲烷(5ml),在氮气保护和0°C下,滴加氯甲酸己酯(135mg,0.75mmol),加毕,在室温下继续搅拌过夜,反应液减压浓缩,残余物用硅胶柱分离(乙酸乙酯/己烷,0-50%)得产物III-1-a1(96mg,62%)。1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.15 – 1.59 (m, 20H), 3.78(s, 1H), 3.82 – 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.27 – 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.84 – 5.11 (m, 1H), 7.16– 7.59 (m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 605.4 (M+1)+。
同样的方法合成如下化合物:
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.92 (t, 3H), 1.16– 1.61 (m, 24H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.28– 4.49(m, 1H), 4.83 –5.13 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.56 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 633.3(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.91 (t, 3H),1.17 – 1.60 (m, 28H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 3.82 – 4.23 (m, 6H), 4.29 – 4.47 (m, 1H),4.82 – 5.12 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.57 (m, 5H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H);MS-ESI:661.3 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.16 –1.62 (m, 32H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 3.83 – 4.24 (m, 6H), 4.28 – 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.83 –5.11 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.58 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 689.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.17 –1.63 (m, 36H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 4.24 (m, 6H), 4.27 – 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.82 –5.10 (m, 1H), 7.19 – 7.59 (m, 5H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 717.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.15 –1.62 (m, 36H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 3.82 – 4.23 (m, 6H), 4.29 – 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.81 –5.11 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.59 (m, 5H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 745.5(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.15– 1.57 (m, 20H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.28 – 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.83– 5.10 (m, 1H), 7.16 – 7.56 (m, 5H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 605.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.15– 1.58 (m, 24H), 3.65 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 4.23 (m, 6H), 4.30 – 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.81– 5.10 (m, 1H), 7.15 – 7.55 (m, 5H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 633.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.17 –1.59 (m, 24H), 3.67 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 4.25 (m, 6H), 4.29– 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.80 –5.12 (m, 1H), 7.15 – 7.58 (m, 5H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 661.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.16 –1.58 (m, 24H), 3.65 (s, 1H), 3.81 – 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.29– 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.81 –5.12 (m, 1H), 7.14 – 7.58 (m, 5H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 689.5(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.87 (t, 3H), 1.15– 1.59 (m, 24H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.80 – 4.21 (m, 6H), 4.28– 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.80– 5.12 (m, 1H), 7.16 – 7.60 (m, 5H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 717.4(M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.16 –1.59 (m, 24H), 3.69 (s, 1H), 3.78 – 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.28– 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.82 –5.15 (m, 1H), 7.16 – 7.61 (m, 5H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H);MS-ESI: 745.5(M+1)+。
实施例4
异丙基((((R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)(3-(十六烷氧基)丙氧基)磷酰基)-D-丙氨酸(V-17-a)
方法一
在干燥的反应瓶中加入PMPA(202mg,0.76mmol),D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐(230mg,1.38mmol),十六烷氧基丙醇(685mg,2.28mmol)和无水吡啶(2ml),在氮气保护下,三乙胺(1.3ml,9.2mmol)滴加到反应液中,混合物在50℃反应10分钟,加入三苯基膦(1.4g,5.35mmol)、二硫二吡啶(1.18g,5.35mmol)的吡啶(3ml)溶液,反应混合物在80°C反应过夜。浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析(先用0-20%乙酸乙酯/石油醚洗脱,然后用0-8%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱),得到目标化合物V-17-a (161mg,收率31%)。1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t,3H), 1.19-1.35 (m, 38H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.50 (m,4H), 3.60-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.80-4.10 (m, 5H), 4.20-4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.35-4.39 (dd,1H), 4.93-5.01 (m, 1H), 8.18 and 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 683.8 (M+1)+。
将所得的V-17-a进一步用硅胶柱层析(4-8%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱)得到V-17-a1 和V-17-a2。V-17-a1:1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.22-1.35 (m, 38H),1.49-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.82 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.47 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.70 (m, 1H),3.82-3.99 (m, 5H), 4.20-4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.35-4.39 (dd, 1H), 4.95-5.01 (m, 1H),8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 683.8 (M+1)+。V-17-a2:1HNMR (400MHz,CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.19-1.35 (m, 38H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.88 (m,2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.47 (t, 2H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.97 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.35-4.39 (dd, 1H),4.97-5.01 (m, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 683.8 (M+1)+。
方法二
步骤1
在反应瓶中加入PMPA (2.88g, 10mmol)、1-溴-3-十六烷氧丙烷(3.64g,10mmol)、三乙胺(1.67ml,12mmol)和无水DMF (30ml),反应混合物在80℃反应6小时,反应完成后减压蒸去溶剂,残余物加入200毫升二氯甲烷/甲醇(1:1)混合溶剂,室温搅拌10分钟,充分溶解后,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析得白色固体(R)-9-(2-((十六烷氧丙基)磷酸甲氧)丙基)腺嘌呤4.0g(收率71%)。1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.17(d, 3H), 1.19-1.37 (m, 26H), 1.48-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.87 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t,2H), 3.48 (t, 2H), 3.57-3.65 (dd, 1H), 3.76-3.82 (dd, 1H), 3.90-3.97 (dd,2H), 3.99-4.08 (m, 1H), 4.23-4.29 (dd, 1H), 4.44-4.48 (dd, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H),8.39 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 570.4 (M+1)+。
步骤2
在干燥的反应瓶中加入(R)-9-(2-((十六烷氧丙基)磷酸甲氧)丙基)腺嘌呤(570mg,1.0mmol),D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐(230mg,1.38mmol)和无水吡啶(6ml),在氮气保护下,三乙胺(1.3ml,9.2mmol)滴加到反应液中,混合物在50℃反应10分钟,加入三苯基膦(0.79g,3.0mmol)、二硫二吡啶(0.66g,3.0mmol)的吡啶(2ml)溶液,反应混合物在80°C反应过夜。浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析(先用0-20%乙酸乙酯/石油醚洗脱,然后用0-8%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱),得到目标化合物V-17-a (355mg,收率52%),氢谱与方法一相同。
或步骤2’
在干燥的反应瓶中加入(R)-9-(2-((十六烷氧丙基)磷酸甲氧)丙基)腺嘌呤(570mg,1.0mmol)和无水乙腈(10ml),氮气保护下,升温至50℃,滴加二氯亚砜(73ul,1mmol),滴加完毕后,反应混合物在80℃反应2小时;减压蒸去溶剂,残余物加入无水二氯甲烷(10ml)溶解,冷却至-78℃,加入D-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐(252mg,1.5mmol),慢慢将三乙胺(0.71ml,5.0mmol)滴加到反应液中,加毕,慢慢升到室温,继续搅拌过夜,加入100毫升二氯甲烷后,用10%磷酸二氢钾溶液洗涤,分出有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥后,浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析(用0-8%甲醇/二氯甲烷洗脱),得到目标化合物V-17-a (430mg,收率63%),氢谱与方法一相同。
同样的方法合成如下化合物:
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.17-1.35 (m, 32H), 1.38 (t, 3H), 1.50-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.86 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.52(m, 4H), 3.60-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.80-4.22 (m, 7H), 4.33-4.38 (dd, 1H), 4.91-5.00(m, 1H), 8.17 and 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21and 8.22 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 669.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.82-0.97 (m, 9H),1.16-1.34 (m, 32H), 1.50-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.89 (m, 3H), 3.35-3.51 (m, 4H),3.65-4.25 (m, 8H), 4.32-4.36 (dd, 1H), 4.90-5.02 (m, 1H), 8.16 and 8.18 (s,1H), 8.22and 8.23 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 697.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.80-0.98 (m, 12H),1.17-1.39 (m, 32H), 1.48-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.88 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.56 (m, 4H),3.62-4.26 (m, 8H), 4.33-4.38 (dd, 1H), 4.92-5.03 (m, 1H), 8.16 and 8.19 (s,1H), 8.22 and 8.23 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 611.4 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.17-1.37 (m, 30H), 1.52-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.89 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.59-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.81-4.12 (m, 5H), 4.19-4.24 (dd, 1H), 4.33-4.37 (dd, 1H),4.95-5.03 (m, 1H), 8.17 and 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 627.5 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.16-1.34 (m, 34H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.80-4.10 (m, 5H), 4.20-4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.35-4.39 (dd, 1H),4.93-5.01 (m, 1H), 8.18 and 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 683.8 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.89 (t, 3H), 1.17-1.36 (m, 36H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.89 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.60-4.10 (m, 6H), 4.22-4.28 (dd, 1H), 4.37-4.42 (dd, 1H), 4.93-5.04 (m, 1H), 8.16and 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 669.5 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.16-1.35 (m, 40H), 1.50-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.91(m, 2H), 3.34-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.63-4.12 (m, 6H), 4.21-4.28 (dd, 1H), 4.36-4.43 (dd, 1H), 4.95-5.03 (m, 1H), 8.17and 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.20 and 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 697.5 (M+1)+。
1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.87 (t, 3H), 1.18-1.36(m, 42H), 1.52-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.90(m, 2H), 3.33-3.53 (m, 4H), 3.63-4.14(m, 6H), 4.20-4.27 (dd, 1H), 4.35-4.44 (dd, 1H), 4.98-5.05 (m, 1H), 8.17 and8.19 (s, 1H), 8.21 and 8.22 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 711.6 (M+1)+。
实施例5
9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤富马酸(FI-1-a1)
将等当量的9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤(I-1-a1)和富马酸溶于热的乙腈中,回流搅拌2小时,室温冷却析出晶体,过滤收集析出的固体,用乙醚洗涤白色的固体,干燥得9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤富马酸(FI-1-a1)。1HNMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ1.08-1.1.21 (m, 12H), 3.73-4.21 (m, 6H), 4.29 – 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.77 – 4.98 (m,1H), 6.62 (s, 2H), 7.10 – 7.35 (m, 5H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H); MS-ESI:477.4 (M+1)+。
异丙基((((R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)(3-(十六烷氧基)丙氧基)磷酰基)-D-丙氨酸富马酸盐(FV-17-a)
将等当量的异丙基((((R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)(3-(十六烷氧基)丙氧基)磷酰基)-D-丙氨酸(V-17-a)和富马酸溶于热的乙腈中,回流搅拌2小时,室温冷却析出晶体,过滤收集析出的固体,用乙醚洗涤白色的固体,干燥得异丙基((((R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)(3-(十六烷氧基)丙氧基)磷酰基)-D-丙氨酸富马酸盐(FV-17-a)。1HNMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 0.88 (t, 3H), 1.18-1.36(m, 38H), 1.51-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.89 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.53 (m, 4H), 3.63-4.12(m, 6H), 4.19-4.23 (dd, 1H), 4.33-4.38 (dd, 1H), 4.92-5.00 (m, 1H), 6.60 (s,2H), 8.17 and 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H); MS-ESI: 683.7 (M+1)+。
类似化合物的富马酸盐可以用同样的方法来制备;盐酸盐、硫酸盐等其它相应的盐可以用类似的方法制备。
抗HBV活性试验
以GepG2.2.15细胞(SELLS, PNAS,1987 and SELLS, JV, 1988)为乙型肝炎病毒载体,测定化合物抑制乙型肝炎病毒进行DNA复制的能力。
测试方法:GepG2.2.15细胞种96孔培养板,贴壁培养36小时后,分别加入8个不同浓度的化合物(起始浓度ΙμΜ,依次3倍稀释,共8个浓度)及阳性对照药,同时设阴性(DMSO)对照孔。加药96小时后分别更换含相同浓度化合物的培养液继续培养72小时。收集GepG2.2.15细胞裂解液,以点杂交方法检测细胞内HBV DNA复制程度,计算EC50及作用选择性指数(SI)。
点杂交方法:加入200uL细胞裂解液裂解细胞30分钟。细胞培养板2000rpm离心10分钟,取160uL上清到新板,加入160uL 2M NaOH处理30分钟。将培养板中样品用 转膜器转至尼龙膜。以每孔220uL SSC变性液和320uL中和液清洗尼龙膜上样品点后, 紫外光照射1分钟后用杂交液预处理1小时。加入1OmL含有地高辛探针的杂交液,60℃处理过夜。洗膜后,以马来酸缓冲液浸泡,依次加封闭液封闭和地高辛抗体处理各1小时。洗膜后,加(PD显色液,放入显色夹,用X光片显色。X光片灰度扫描后,以灰度值计算半数有效浓度(EC50 )。阳性对照药为GS7340(TAF)。
MTT方法:向细胞培养板每孔中加入MTT(0. 5mg/mL)200uL继续孵育4h,弃上清,每孔加150uL DMSO,酶标仪(波长570nm)测定各孔的OD值,根据公式计算细胞的存活率计算半数毒性浓度(CC50)。抗HBV活性结果如下面的表1所示。
表1:抗HBV活性试验结果
化合物 | EC<sub>50</sub>(nM) | CC<sub>50</sub>(uM) | SI | 化合物 | EC<sub>50</sub>(nM) | CC<sub>50</sub>(uM) | SI |
I-1-a1 | 1.3 | 83.7 | 64385 | III-6-a1 | 5.8 | 69.4 | 11966 |
I-1-a2 | 7.2 | 108.3 | 15042 | III-4-b2 | 13.6 | 88.4 | 6500 |
I-2-a1 | 4.3 | 126.6 | 29442 | III-6-b2 | 8.9 | 91.1 | 10236 |
II-1-a1 | 3.7 | 69.1 | 18676 | V-1-a | 9.4 | 105.7 | 11245 |
II-2-a1 | 5.4 | 62.6 | 11593 | V-9-a | 10.3 | 96.2 | 9340 |
II-3-a1 | 10.8 | 77.0 | 7130 | V-13-a | 6.8 | 73.8 | 10853 |
II-4-a1 | 8.1 | 73.9 | 9123 | V-17-a | 2.2 | 81.8 | 37182 |
II-5-a1 | 2.8 | 89.9 | 32107 | V-17-a1 | 0.6 | 77.8 | 129667 |
II-6-a1 | 11.7 | 94.2 | 8051 | V-17-a2 | 4.1 | 102.2 | 24927 |
II-1-b2 | 7.5 | 68.4 | 9120 | V-18-a | 4.3 | 62.4 | 14512 |
II-2-b2 | 6.4 | 51.7 | 8078 | V-19-a | 3.8 | 77.9 | 20500 |
II-3-b2 | 12.5 | 78.4 | 6272 | V-20-a | 7.3 | 68.0 | 8193 |
II-4-b2 | 16.8 | 101.3 | 6030 | V-21-a | 6.0 | 49.2 | 8200 |
II-5-b2 | 6.6 | 65 | 9848 | V-25-a | 8.8 | 78.7 | 8943 |
II-6-b2 | 22.3 | 135 | 6054 | COP130<sup>*</sup> | 9.6 | 62.1 | 6469 |
III-1-a1 | 9.6 | 75.1 | 7823 | CMX157 | 13.6 | 58.3 | 4287 |
III-4-a1 | 11.8 | 83.8 | 7102 | TAF | 7.2 | 45.7 | 6347 |
*COP130 按照文献CN102786549A的方法制备。
从表1可以看出,与参照化合物TAF、CMX157和COP130相比,本发明化合物都显示出相似甚至更好的抗HBV的活性,作用选择指数(SI)与参照物相比有很大提高。特别是化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1和V-17-a1显示出极强的抗HBV的活性,化合物I-1-a1抗HBV活性比阳性对照药高5-10倍,SI值是阳性对照药的10-15倍;而V-17-a1抗HBV活性比阳性对照药高12-22倍,SI值是阳性对照药的20-30倍(SI值越大说明化合物安全窗越高)。
抗HIV活性试验
将293T细胞按每孔6 x 1O4的密度加到96孔板上,用DMSO溶解待测化合物,并配制8个不同的浓度,于感染前15分钟加入细胞培养液中,DMSO溶剂作空白对照,再加入0.5ml病毒液(根据p24浓度将病毒原液稀释至0.1-0.5ng p24/ml)。感染后48小时,去除上清液,每孔中加入50ul细胞裂解液(Promega)裂解细胞,再将细胞裂解产物加入至30ul荧光素酶底物中(Promega),用FB15荧光检测器(Sirius)仪器测定细胞荧光素酶的相对活性,以DMSO作对照,计算化合物对野生型HIV-I复制的半数抑制浓度(EC50,见表2)。
将对数生长期的293T细胞按8000-10000个/孔的细胞密度接种至96孔板中,每孔1OOul,37oC,5% C02培养箱中培养24h后,加入待测化合物,并以DMSO为空白对照(终浓度为0.1%),37oC,5% C02培养箱中继续培养44小时。向每孔中加入20ul MTS/PMS现配的混合液,37oC,5% C02培养箱中继续培养4h后显色。在酶联检测仪上,波长490nm和650nm处检测各孔的光吸收值(OD),在Victor3 V1420多标记记数器(Perkin Elmer)中检测板的突光,应用Microsoft Excel和 XLfit4.1软件求出CC50值(见表2)。
表2:抗HIV活性试验结果
化合物 | EC<sub>50</sub>(nM) | CC<sub>50</sub>(uM) | SI | 化合物 | EC<sub>50</sub>(nM) | CC<sub>50</sub>(uM) | SI |
I-1-a1 | 2.1 | 98.3 | 46810 | III-6-a1 | 5.1 | 72.3 | 14176 |
I-1-a2 | 10.5 | 111.0 | 10571 | III-4-b2 | 11.1 | 93.7 | 8441 |
I-2-a1 | 3.3 | 122.9 | 37242 | III-6-b2 | 6.2 | 95.6 | 15419 |
II-1-a1 | 4.3 | 77.5 | 18023 | V-1-a | 12.5 | 102.2 | 8176 |
II-2-a1 | 7.2 | 68.3 | 9486 | V-9-a | 9.9 | 91.2 | 9212 |
II-3-a1 | 13.5 | 83.7 | 6200 | V-13-a | 7.7 | 70.8 | 9195 |
II-4-a1 | 7.1 | 74.2 | 10451 | V-17-a | 1.9 | 103.1 | 54263 |
II-5-a1 | 2.6 | 95.8 | 36846 | V-17-a1 | 1.2 | 101.2 | 84333 |
II-6-a1 | 7.8 | 89.4 | 11462 | V-17-a2 | 3.1 | 108.6 | 35032 |
II-1-b2 | 6.8 | 71.6 | 10529 | V-18-a | 3.6 | 74.6 | 20722 |
II-2-b2 | 7.9 | 63.7 | 8063 | V-19-a | 3.4 | 83.4 | 24529 |
II-3-b2 | 13.8 | 77.0 | 5580 | V-20-a | 9.2 | 75.8 | 8239 |
II-4-b2 | 15.2 | 105.8 | 6960 | V-21-a | 5.2 | 66.3 | 12750 |
II-5-b2 | 7.3 | 63.5 | 6899 | V-25-a | 7.5 | 83.4 | 11120 |
II-6-b2 | 20.1 | 129.7 | 6453 | COP130<sup>*</sup> | 11.3 | 57.9 | 5124 |
III-1-a1 | 8.4 | 72.1 | 8583 | CMX157 | 15.1 | 63.6 | 4212 |
III-4-a1 | 12.6 | 87.4 | 6936 | TAF | 9.8 | 53.2 | 5429 |
*COP130 按照文献CN102786549A的方法制备。
对于抗HIV的活性,从表2可以看出,与参照化合物TAF、CMX157和COP130相比,本发明化合物也都显示出相似甚至更好的活性,作用选择指数(SI)与参照物相比也有很大提高。特别是化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1和V-17-a1显示出极强的抗HIV的活性,化合物V-17-a1抗HIV活性比阳性对照药高8-12倍,SI值是阳性对照药的15-20倍,有一个非常大的安全窗口。
化合物稳定性试验
将化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1、V-17-a1、CMX157、COP130、TDF和TAF按等当量的替诺福韦浓度加入人的全血中,在37℃处置1小时,加入Fi CO 11-Paque泛影钠溶液,分出血浆、PBMC,用甲醇提取,HPLC检测,结果显示化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1和V-17-a1在血浆中分别有95%、97%、90%和97%的原药浓度,高于CMX157、COP130和TAF在血浆中55%、73%、78%的原药浓度,而在血浆中检测不到TDF。说明化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1、V-17-a1在血浆中表现了较高的稳定性,并且在血浆中PMPA的浓度很低。进一步的实验证明化合物I-1-a1、I-2-a1、II-5a1、V-17-a1及其类似物作为新型的抗病毒化合物可以有效的降低TDF所引起的肾毒性和骨毒性。
替诺福韦前药在体内经历两类代谢途径:(1)酶对替诺福韦前药进行水解,最终生成PMPA,再进一步磷酸化生成TNFDP,而TNFDP是抗HIV和HBV的有效活性成分。(2) 替诺福韦前药最终在体内大部分以PMPA的形式排出体外,有少量的是以氧化代谢产物的形式排出体外。根据替诺福韦前药的代谢机理和药物分子设计的基本原理,本专利设计和合成的化合物可有效的增加药物的稳定度,降低药物在血浆的分解,延长作用时间,以及改善药物的生物利用度,从而进一步降低肾毒性和骨毒性。另一方面,由于在血浆中分解很少,在组织细胞和肝细胞中药物的浓度增加,可以使用更低的剂量得到更优秀的临床效果。
替诺福韦前药的水解酶主要是蛋白酶组织蛋白酶A(lysosomal proteasecathepsin A (CatA))和羧酸酯酶-1。因为这两个酶的作用部位是氨基酸酯,本专利将D-氨基酸酯引入到新设计的替诺福韦前药中,影响了酶和氨基酸的作用,从而改善药物在血浆中的稳定性,提高药物在肝脏部位有效活性成分TNFDP的浓度。因此本发明化合物可成为一类更有效的新型的抗病毒药物,尤其用于治疗HBV、 HIV病毒引起的感染性疾病。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述,本领域技术人员将会理解:根据已经公开的所有教导,可以对那些细节进行各种修改和替换,这些改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的全部范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有抗HBV/HIV活性的核苷氨基磷酸酯类化合物,其特征在于,其反应式:
在反应瓶中加入9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤I-1-a1,三乙胺和四氢呋喃,在氮气保护和0℃下,滴加辛酰氯,加毕,在室温下继续搅拌过夜,反应液减压浓缩,残余物用硅胶柱分离得产物II-1-a1。
2.一种具有抗HBV/HIV活性的核苷氨基磷酸酯类化合物,其特征在于,其反应式:反应式:
在反应瓶中加入9-[(R)-2-[[(R)-[[(R)-1(异丙氧)乙基]氨基] 苯氧磷酰基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌呤I-1-a1,N-甲基咪唑和二氯甲烷,在氮气保护和0°C下,滴加氯甲酸己酯,加毕,在室温下继续搅拌过夜,反应液减压浓缩,残余物用硅胶柱分离得产物III-1-a1。
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