CN106558301B - Low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer - Google Patents
Low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106558301B CN106558301B CN201611018768.7A CN201611018768A CN106558301B CN 106558301 B CN106558301 B CN 106558301B CN 201611018768 A CN201611018768 A CN 201611018768A CN 106558301 B CN106558301 B CN 106558301B
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer which comprises a radiation shell, four active driving units and a middle mass block, wherein the radiation shell is formed by alternately connecting four sections of bending beams and four sections of straight beams, the cross section of the middle mass block is square and is positioned in the center of the radiation shell, four active drivers are respectively arranged between the four sections of straight beams and the middle mass block, and the distance between the middle mass block and the corresponding straight beam is smaller than the length of the active drivers. The invention forms heart-shaped directivity or super-directivity by utilizing the asymmetry of the shell structure, and forms low-frequency high-power radiation by utilizing the low-frequency effect and the amplification effect of the shell bending vibration. The method can be applied to the fields of low-frequency active sonar, remote communication, ground sound propagation research, marine geological research and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy converter, in particular to a low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer.
Background
At present, the monitoring of marine environment mainly depends on sound waves, the absorption loss of low-frequency sound waves in seawater is small, the propagation distance is long, and the method is widely applied to marine environment monitoring. Therefore, the low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer is a core component of a low-frequency underwater acoustic system, and becomes a focus of attention of marine acoustic researchers at home and abroad. In addition, the directional transducer can remarkably improve the acting distance, the signal-to-noise ratio and the interference, and simultaneously, the directional transducer can directionally transmit information, so that the reliability and the confidentiality of communication are improved. Therefore, the research on the low-frequency directional transducer has important research significance for underwater communication, submarine battle and the like.
When the size of a transmitter or receiver is comparable to the wavelength of sound waves in the medium in which it is located, the sound pressure in the sound field has a distribution that varies with the orientation, thus forming directivity. Therefore, in a high frequency background, directional transducers are generally easier to implement. However, in a low frequency background, it is often difficult to create directivity due to the small size of the transducer compared to the wavelength.
Butler et al developed a directional type IV flextensional transducer. The flextensional transducer is driven by two groups of piezoelectric stacks respectively, and when two groups of excitations are adjusted to reach a proper phase, the radiation surface of the transducer radiates while being fixed, and the transducer is in a heart-shaped directivity.
Another way to achieve low frequency directivity is to use a baffle. The K.P.B.Moosad utilizes a baffle made of a sound reflecting material to realize a directional IV-type flextensional transducer.
Low frequency transducer directivity is typically achieved by a special excitation regime. The quadrilateral flextensional transducer can realize directional acoustic emission only through convex-concave change of a shell structure without a special excitation mode. Meanwhile, the bent shell has a lever effect, so that high-power emission can be realized, and the quadrilateral flextensional transducer can realize low-frequency high-power directional emission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-frequency directional underwater transducer for realizing low-frequency cardioid directivity or super directivity.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: including radiation housing, four active drive units and middle quality piece, radiation housing four sections bending beam and four sections straight beam are connected in turn and are formed, the cross sectional shape of middle quality piece is square and is located the center of radiation housing, and four active driver set up respectively between four sections straight beam and middle quality piece, and the distance between middle quality piece and the straight beam that corresponds is less than active driver's length.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the radiation shell is a three-concave one-convex radiation shell or a three-convex one-concave shell.
2. The active driver is a piezoelectric crystal stack, the piezoelectric crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, N is not less than 2 even numbers, the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces are polarized along the thickness direction, and an electrode plate is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
3. The active driver comprises two transition blocks and a round bar made of rare earth giant magnetostrictive materials and arranged between the two transition blocks, permanent magnet sheets are arranged at the contact positions of the round bar and the corresponding transition blocks, coil frameworks are further arranged on the two transition blocks, and coils are wound on the coil frameworks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the asymmetry of the shell instead of the change of the excitation mode to form the directivity, which is a novel method for forming the low-frequency directivity, namely the invention utilizes the asymmetry of the shell structure to form the heart-shaped directivity or the super directivity, and utilizes the low-frequency effect and the amplification effect of the bending vibration of the shell to form the low-frequency high-power radiation. The invention can be applied to the fields of low-frequency active sonar, remote communication, ground sound propagation research, marine geological research and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a schematic diagram of a quadrilateral flextensional transducer with a radiating case in the form of a tri-concave-convex bending beam according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a schematic of a quadrilateral flextensional transducer in the form of a tri-concave-convex bending beam for a radiating case of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a schematic diagram of a quadrilateral flextensional transducer with a radiating case in the form of a tri-convex-concave curved beam in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a schematic of a quadrilateral flextensional transducer in the form of a three convex-one concave curved beam for a radiating case of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrode connection of the driving element made of piezoelectric ceramics according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a driving element using a rare earth super magnetostrictive rod as the driving element according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the radiation housing of the present invention using a three-concave-one-convex curved housing or a three-convex-one-concave curved housing to achieve directional emission;
the meaning of each symbol in the drawings is: the piezoelectric ceramic resonator comprises a 1-three-concave-one-convex radiation shell, a 2-piezoelectric drive unit, a 3-central mass block, a 4-three-convex-one-concave radiation shell, a 5-coil framework, a 6-transition block, a 7-permanent magnet sheet and an 8-rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod 9-coil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 and 2, the radiation housing in this embodiment is formed by alternately connecting three concave-convex curved beams and four straight beams, and is made of an aluminum alloy material.
The driving unit in this embodiment is a piezoelectric crystal stack, as shown in fig. 5, the piezoelectric crystal stack 2 is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, where N is an even number greater than or equal to 2, the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces are polarized in the thickness direction, an electrode piece is disposed between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces to weld a lead, and the electrode piece is made of red copper material. The piezoelectric ceramic plates are connected in parallel. The piezoelectric ceramic plates and the metal sheets are bonded one by epoxy resin to form driving elements, and the number of the driving elements is four in the embodiment. The length of the piezoelectric crystal stack 2 is larger than the distance between the middle mass block 3 and the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam, the radiation shell 1 is deformed in advance, the driving unit 2 is fixed between the straight beam and the middle mass block 3 by utilizing the pressure generated by increasing the distance between the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam and the middle mass block 3, and the piezoelectric crystal stack 2 is rigidly connected with the inner wall of the straight beam and the middle mass block 3.
When the transducer works, an alternating current load is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic driving element 2, the piezoelectric ceramic has a piezoelectric effect, so that the piezoelectric ceramic stack 2 generates longitudinal stretching vibration, and the bending vibration of the radiation shell 1 is excited through mechanical coupling with the radiation shell 1. The directional emission of the transducer is achieved by the structural asymmetry of the radiation housing 1.
The drive unit in this embodiment may also be replaced by a round rod made of a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material. As shown in fig. 6, a set of excitation coils 9 is wound around the periphery of the round bar, and the excitation coils 9 are enclosed in a closed magnetic circuit made of a high-permeability material. The sum of the lengths of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive round rod 8 and the two transition blocks is larger than the distance between the central mass block 3 and the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam. The round bar is fixed between the inner wall of the straight beam and the central mass block 3 by increasing the pressure generated by the distance between the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam and the central mass block 3, and the round bar 8 is rigidly connected with the inner wall of the straight beam and the central mass block 3.
The middle mass block in the embodiment is a cuboid processed from aluminum alloy.
The radiation housing 1 and the intermediate mass block 3 in this embodiment may be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, glass fiber, or carbon fiber, in addition to aluminum alloy.
The low-frequency directional flextensional transducer in the embodiment can adopt an overflow type structure besides adopting a cover plate for sealing.
Example two: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the radiation housing 4 is formed by alternately connecting three convex-one concave curved beams and four straight beams. Is made of aluminum alloy material.
The rest of the present example is the same as example 1.
In summary, the present invention substantially includes a radiation housing, an active driver, and an intermediate mass. The radiation shell is formed by alternately connecting three concave-convex or three convex-concave curved beams and four straight beams. The number of the active drivers is four, and the active drivers are respectively fixed by the middle mass block and the corresponding straight beam. The middle mass block is a cuboid and is positioned in the center of the radiation shell, and the distance between one side surface of the middle mass block and the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam is smaller than the length of the single active driver. The invention forms heart-shaped directivity or super-directivity by utilizing the asymmetry of the shell structure, and forms low-frequency high-power radiation by utilizing the low-frequency effect and the amplification effect of the shell bending vibration. The driver is arranged in the radiation shell, is positioned between the straight beam and the middle mass block and is rigidly connected with the straight beam and the middle mass block: the radiation shell is deformed in advance, and the driver is fixed between the inner wall of the straight beam and the middle mass block by utilizing pressure generated by increasing the distance between the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam and the middle mass block.
Furthermore, the active driver is a piezoelectric crystal stack, the piezoelectric crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces are polarized in the thickness direction, and an electrode piece is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces. The length of the piezoelectric crystal stack is larger than the distance between the middle mass block and the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam.
Furthermore, the active driver is a round bar made of rare earth giant magnetostrictive material, a group of excitation coils are wound on the periphery of the round bar, and the excitation coils are enclosed in a closed magnetic circuit made of high-permeability material. The length of the round bar is larger than the distance between the middle mass block and the inner wall of the corresponding straight beam.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, the upper and lower radiation surfaces vibrate in opposite phases to form dipole directivity, and the left and right radiation surfaces vibrate in the same phase to form monopole directivity or in-phase '8' -shaped directivity, so that the result of the cooperation of the four radiation surfaces is cardioid directivity or superdirectivity.
Claims (1)
1. The low-frequency directional underwater transducer is characterized in that: the radiation device comprises a radiation shell, four active driving units and a middle mass block, wherein the radiation shell is formed by alternately connecting four sections of bending beams and four sections of straight beams, the cross section of the middle mass block is square and is positioned at the center of the radiation shell, four active drivers are respectively arranged between the four sections of straight beams and the middle mass block, and the distance between the middle mass block and the corresponding straight beam is less than the length of the active drivers;
the radiation shell is a three-concave one-convex radiation shell or a three-convex one-concave radiation shell;
the active driver is a piezoelectric crystal stack, the piezoelectric crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, N is an even number not less than 2, the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces are polarized along the thickness direction, and an electrode plate is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces;
the active driver comprises two transition blocks and a round bar made of rare earth giant magnetostrictive materials and arranged between the two transition blocks, permanent magnet sheets are arranged at the contact positions of the round bar and the corresponding transition blocks, coil frameworks are further arranged on the two transition blocks, and coils are wound on the coil frameworks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611018768.7A CN106558301B (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | Low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611018768.7A CN106558301B (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | Low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106558301A CN106558301A (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| CN106558301B true CN106558301B (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201611018768.7A Active CN106558301B (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | Low-frequency directional underwater acoustic transducer |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107452365B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-09-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Directional quadrilateral flextensional transducer |
| CN107403616B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-08-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Low-frequency frame driving type quadrilateral flextensional transducer |
| CN108777831B (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-10-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Conformal driving quadrilateral flextensional transducer |
| CN110058246B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2024-05-31 | 苏州静声泰科技有限公司 | Miniaturized low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4864548A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-09-05 | Image Acoustics, Inc. | Flextensional transducer |
| JP5954181B2 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2016-07-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | Oscillator and electronic device |
| CN103489440A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband oscillator cross drive underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN105702243B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Double-shell series IV-type flextensional transducer |
| CN104907240A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-09-16 | 苏州声之源电子科技有限公司 | Arc array of transducer and preparing method |
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