CN106483028B - Hopkinson pressure bar test device - Google Patents
Hopkinson pressure bar test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106483028B CN106483028B CN201611035652.4A CN201611035652A CN106483028B CN 106483028 B CN106483028 B CN 106483028B CN 201611035652 A CN201611035652 A CN 201611035652A CN 106483028 B CN106483028 B CN 106483028B
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing. Based on a one-dimensional Hopkinson pressure bar test device, a bearing ring sleeved between an incident bar and a transmission bar is introduced to bear impact load after a sample reaches expected strain, so that accurate control of compressive strain is realized. The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device (1), a striking rod (2), an incident rod (3), a transmission rod (5), an absorption rod (6) and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein a strain control structure consisting of a bearing ring (8) and a fixed sleeve (7) is arranged between the incident rod and the transmission rod; the outer diameters of the bearing ring, the incident rod and the transmission rod are the same, and the fixed sleeve is in clearance fit with the bearing ring, the incident rod and the transmission rod; the bearing ring is sleeved at the center position inside the fixed sleeve. The test device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and controllable compression strain, and is suitable for dynamic mechanical property test and damage morphology analysis under the condition of constant compression strain, in particular for large-caliber Hopkinson pressure bar test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing, relates to a material dynamic mechanical experiment technology, and particularly relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test compression strain control technology.
Background
In many cases, the load born by the materials and the structural components thereof in the application process is impact loading, and the mechanical properties of most materials under the impact loading are obviously different from those under quasi-static conditions, the dynamic mechanical properties of the materials under the impact loading are important mechanical property parameters of the material application, and the development of the test and analysis of the mechanical properties of the materials under the impact loading has important significance for the development of the materials and the design of the components.
The one-dimensional Hopkinson bar test device is a main test means for carrying out dynamic mechanical property test and characterization of materials at present, and a schematic diagram of a typical one-dimensional Hopkinson bar test device is shown in fig. 1. In a conventional hopkinson bar test, a striking rod 2 is launched by a launching device 1 to strike an incident rod 3, a pulse of a compression incident stress wave is formed in the incident rod 3, the pulse propagates to the loading end of the incident rod to compress a sample 4 and generate a compression transmission stress wave in a transmission rod 5, and a pulse of an opposite tensile stress wave is generated at the loading end of the incident rod 3. When the reflected wave reaches the striking end (free end) of the incident beam 3, the reflected wave is reflected again as a secondary compression wave, and the sample is subjected to secondary compression loading and circulated in this form. Because the loading pulse duration is very short, usually tens of microseconds to hundreds of microseconds, the whole impact compression process is the loading process of the compression incident wave pulse to the sample, and the compression is completed instantaneously. Therefore, for the traditional one-dimensional Hopkinson pressure bar test device, the compression strain quantity of the sample cannot be accurately controlled in the test.
In the research of dynamic mechanical properties of materials, when a Hopkinson pressure bar test device is used for carrying out impact compression test on a sample, the obtained test result is the test result under the action of the whole loading pulse, the damage state of the tested sample is the state after being loaded for many times, and for the materials with small damage strain quantity, the tested sample is usually in a broken state. According to the requirement of the material using working condition, the compression strain of the sample is sometimes required to be set and controlled in the test to study the mechanical property of the material under the specific strain and the analysis of the material damage morphology. Therefore, there is a need to achieve effective compression strain control in conventional hopkinson compression bar tests.
At present, no report is made about the compression strain control test technology of the Hopkinson pressure bar.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for controlling compression strain of a Hopkinson pressure bar, which effectively realizes accurate control of the compression strain of a sample by a Hopkinson pressure bar test.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by introducing a strain control device sleeved on the periphery of a sample 4 between the loading ends of an incident rod 3 and a transmission rod 5 based on a one-dimensional Hopkinson pressure bar test device, and bearing the impact load of loading wave pulse to the sample 4 after the sample reaches the expected strain by a bearing ring 8, so that the continuous compression loading of subsequent loading pulse to the sample is effectively limited, and the accurate control of the compression strain is realized.
The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device 1, a striking rod 2, an incidence rod 3, a transmission rod 5, an absorption rod 6 and a data acquisition and processing system, and is characterized in that: a strain control structure consisting of a bearing ring 8 and a fixed sleeve 7 is arranged between the incidence rod 3 and the transmission rod 5; the outer diameters of the bearing ring 8 and the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5 are the same, and the fixed sleeve 7 is in clearance fit with the bearing ring 8, the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5; the bearing ring 8 is sleeved at the central position inside the fixed sleeve 7, the two ends of the fixed sleeve 7 are respectively sleeved with the loading ends of the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5, and the assembled structure is shown in figure 2; the strength and the elastic modulus of the material for the bearing ring 8 are not less than those of the material for the loading rod; structural parameters of the load ring 8:
l 1 ＝l 0 (1-ε L ) (1)
d 1 >d 0 (1+μ·ε L ) (2)
wherein:
l 1 is the length of the bearing ring;
l 0 is the initial length of the sample;
ε L is the expected strain amount of the sample;
d 1 is the inner diameter of the bearing ring; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
d 0 Is the initial diameter of the sample;
μ is poisson's ratio of the sample material.
The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device 1, a striking rod 2, an incidence rod 3, a transmission rod 5, an absorption rod 6 and a data acquisition and processing system, and is characterized in that: the difference in length between the fixing sleeve 7 and the carrier ring 8 is not less than 20mm.
The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device 1, a striking rod 2, an incidence rod 3, a transmission rod 5, an absorption rod 6 and a data acquisition and processing system, and is characterized in that: the fit clearance between the fixed sleeve 7 and the bearing ring 8, the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5 is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and the fixed sleeve is independent from the bearing ring.
The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device, a striking rod 2, an incidence rod 3, a transmission rod 5, an absorption rod 6 and a data acquisition and processing system, and is characterized in that: the annular cross-sectional area of the load ring 8 is not less than 1/2 of the cross-sectional area of the load bar.
The invention relates to a Hopkinson pressure bar test device, which comprises a transmitting device, a striking rod 2, an incidence rod 3, a transmission rod 5, an absorption rod 6 and a data acquisition and processing system, and is characterized in that: the carrier ring 8 is concentric with the sample.
The test device for controlling the compression strain of the Hopkinson pressure bar has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, controllable compression strain and accurate and reliable compression strain control. The method is suitable for dynamic mechanical property test and damage morphology analysis of the sample under specific compressive strain, and can obtain dynamic mechanical parameters such as stress, strain rate and the like of the sample under the action of impact load. The method can also effectively avoid the problem of repeated loading of the reflected wave to the sample in the one-dimensional Hopkinson pressure bar test; the method is particularly suitable for dynamic mechanical property characterization and analysis of the sample under the condition of single pulse loading in the test of the large-caliber Hopkinson pressure bar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional Hopkinson pressure bar test apparatus
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an assembled structure of a compression strain control portion of a Hopkinson pressure bar test device according to the present invention before impact loading
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a compressive strain control portion of a Hopkinson pressure bar test apparatus according to the present invention when a compressive strain of a test specimen reaches an expected value
FIG. 4 is a graph of stress wave signals on a compression bar loading bar of phi 37mm according to one embodiment of the invention
FIG. 5A sample compressive stress strain curve measured by a phi 37mm press bar according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 stress wave signal curve on a conventional method phi 37mm compression bar loading bar
FIG. 7 compressive stress strain curve of test specimen measured by conventional method phi 37mm press bar
FIG. 8 is a graph of stress wave signals on a phi 100mm compression bar loading bar according to a second embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 9 is a graph showing compressive stress strain of a test specimen measured by a phi 100mm press bar according to a second embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 10 is a graph of stress wave signal on a conventional method Φ100mm compression bar loading bar
FIG. 11 compressive stress strain curve of test specimen measured by conventional method phi 100mm press rod
Wherein: 1-emitting device, 2-striking rod, 3-incident rod, 4-sample, 5-transmission rod, 6-absorption rod, 7-fixing sleeve, 8-bearing ring
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. And gives experimental comparative data with conventional devices, but not as a limitation of the summary of the invention.
Example 1
Taking a compression test of a Hopkinson pressure bar device with the diameter of phi 37mm as an example, the Hopkinson pressure bar test device is described in detail. And gives experimental comparative data with conventional devices.
The diameter of the loading rod is phi 37mm, the length of the incidence rod 3 is 2m, the length of the transmission rod 5 is 2m, and the length of the absorption rod 6 is 1m.
Sample 4 is fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material with length of l 0 Diameter d =12 mm 0 Poisson's ratio of the material is μ=0.33 =22 mm. The expected compressive strain value is 5%.
The length of the bearing ring is calculated by the formula (1) to obtain l 1 =11.4 mm; outer diameter: phi 37mm, and d is calculated by the formula (2) 1 Greater than 22.36mm, the inner diameter d takes the deformation and damage characteristics of the composite material into consideration 1 23mm was taken.
Fixing sleeve: the inner diameter phi is 37.15mm, the outer diameter phi is 47mm, and the length is 50mm.
After the bearing ring 8 is sleeved at the center of the fixed sleeve 7, one end of the fixed sleeve 7 is sleeved with the loading end of the incident rod 3, the two ends of the sample 4 are coated with lubricating grease and then are placed in the bearing ring 8 and are in butt joint with the loading end face of the incident rod 3 to be tightly pressed, the sample 4 is adsorbed at the center of the loading end of the incident rod 3, and the bearing ring 8 is equidistant from the sample 4. The other end of the fixed sleeve is assembled with the loading end of the transmission rod 5 in a butt joint way, the incident rod 3, the sample 4 and the transmission rod 5 are compressed, the end face of the sample is fully attached to the loading end faces of the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5, and the assembled compressive strain control device is shown in a structural schematic diagram as shown in fig. 2.
The impact compression test was conducted on the sample 4 in a conventional manner, and the structural state of the strain control device when the compressive strain of the sample reached the desired value was schematically shown in FIG. 3. The appearance of the tested sample is basically kept in good condition, partial cracks appear on the side surface of the sample, stress wave signals on an incident rod and a transmission rod are shown in figure 4, a compressive stress strain curve of the sample is shown in figure 5, and the accurate control of the 5% compressive strain of the sample is effectively realized.
Comparison group: the two ends of the sample 4 are coated with lubricating grease and then are directly placed between the incidence rod 3 and the transmission rod 5 for impact compression test, stress wave signals on the incidence rod and the transmission rod are shown in figure 6, and compression stress strain curves of the sample are shown in figure 7. The test specimen is in a compression shear crushing state, the maximum destructive strain of the test specimen is reached, the compressive strain quantity of the test specimen cannot be controlled, and the test specimen is loaded to the destructive strain of 6.3%.
Example two
In this embodiment, a compression test of a hopkinson pressure bar device with a large diameter of Φ100mm is taken as an example, and a hopkinson pressure bar test device is described in detail.
The diameter of the loading rod is phi 100mm, the length of the incident rod 3 is 5m, the length of the transmission rod 5 is 5m, and the length of the absorption rod 6 is 2m.
Sample 4 is made of a dimensional reinforced resin matrix composite material, and the length of sample 4 is l 0 =40 mm, diameter d 0 Poisson's ratio for sample 4 material is μ=0.33 =60 mm. The expected compressive strain value is 1.5%.
The length of the bearing ring is calculated by the formula (1) to obtain l 1 =39.4mm; outer diameter: phi 100mm, and d is calculated by the formula (2) 1 More than 60.3mm, and considering the deformation and damage characteristics of the composite material, the inner diameter d 1 62mm was taken.
Fixing sleeve: the inner diameter phi 100.15mm, the outer diameter phi 110mm and the length 100mm.
After the bearing ring 8 is sleeved at the central position of the fixed sleeve 7, one end of the fixed sleeve 7 is sleeved with the loading end of the injection rod 3, the two ends of the sample 4 are coated with lubricating grease and then are placed in the bearing ring 8 and are in butt joint with the loading end face of the incidence rod 3 to be tightly pressed, so that the sample 4 is adsorbed at the loading end of the incidence rod 3, and the bearing ring 8 is equidistant from the sample 4. And then the other end of the fixed sleeve is assembled with the loading end of the transmission rod 5 in a butt joint way, the incident rod 3, the sample 4 and the transmission rod 5 are tightly pressed by force, the end face of the sample is fully attached to the loading end faces of the incident rod 3 and the transmission rod 5, the structural schematic diagram of the assembled compression strain control device is shown in fig. 2, and then an impact compression test is carried out. The appearance of the tested sample is basically kept intact, and the appearance of the sample has no obvious change. The stress wave signals on the incident and transmitted rods are shown in fig. 8, and the compressive stress strain curves of the test pieces are shown in fig. 9. Accurate control of the 1.5% compressive strain of the test specimen was effectively achieved in this test.
Comparison group: the two ends of the sample 4 are coated with grease and then directly placed between the incidence rod 3 and the transmission rod 5 for impact compression test. The tested samples are in a compression shear breaking state, namely the samples reach the maximum destructive strain, the stress wave signals on the incident rod and the transmission rod measured by the test are shown in figure 10, and the compressive stress strain curve of the samples is shown in figure 11. In this test, the compressive strain (1.5%) of the sample was not controlled, the sample was loaded to a failure strain of 2.5%, and the state of the sample after the test was broken.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a hopkinson pressure bar test device, includes emitter (1), strikes pole (2), incident pole (3), transmission pole (5), absorption pole (6) and data acquisition and processing system, its characterized in that: a strain control structure consisting of a bearing ring (8) and a fixed sleeve (7) is arranged between the incidence rod (3) and the transmission rod (5); the outer diameters of the bearing ring (8) and the incident rod (3) and the transmission rod (5) are the same, and the fixed sleeve (7) is in clearance fit with the bearing ring (8), the incident rod (3) and the transmission rod (5); the bearing ring (8) is sleeved at the central position inside the fixed sleeve (7), and two ends of the fixed sleeve (7) are sleeved with the loading ends of the incident rod (3) and the transmission rod (5) respectively; the strength and the elastic modulus of the material for the bearing ring (8) are not less than those of the material for the loading rod; structural parameters of the load ring (8):
l 1 ＝l 0 (1-ε L ) (1)
d 1 >d 0 (1+μ·ε L ) (2)
wherein:
l 1 is the length of the bearing ring;
l 0 is the initial length of the sample;
ε L is the expected strain amount of the sample;
d 1 is the inner diameter of the bearing ring;
d 0 is the initial diameter of the sample;
μ is poisson's ratio of the sample material.
2. The hopkinson pressure bar test set forth in claim 1 wherein: the length difference between the fixing sleeve (7) and the bearing ring (8) is not less than 20mm.
3. The hopkinson pressure bar test set forth in claim 1 wherein: the fit clearance between the fixed sleeve (7) and the bearing ring (8), the fit clearance between the incident rod (3) and the fit clearance between the transmission rod (5) are 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and the fixed sleeve and the bearing ring are independent of each other.
4. A hopkinson pressure bar test set according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the annular cross-sectional area of the carrier ring (8) is not less than 1/2 of the cross-sectional area of the load bar.
5. A hopkinson pressure bar test set according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the bearing ring (8) is concentric with the sample.
6. The hopkinson pressure bar test set forth in claim 4 wherein: the bearing ring (8) is concentric with the sample.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611035652.4A CN106483028B (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2016-11-23 | Hopkinson pressure bar test device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611035652.4A CN106483028B (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2016-11-23 | Hopkinson pressure bar test device |
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| CN106483028A CN106483028A (en) | 2017-03-08 |
| CN106483028B true CN106483028B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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| EP0855589A1 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-07-29 | European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) | Improvements in or relating to measuring properties of materials or structures |
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| EP0855589A1 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-07-29 | European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) | Improvements in or relating to measuring properties of materials or structures |
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