CN106456736A - 用于治疗过敏和炎性疾病的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文描述了使用Th2途径的免疫调节剂用于治疗过敏性和炎性疾病的治疗方法。本发明的内容涉及用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2‑型细胞应答的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗‑Dectin‑1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
Description
发明背景
本申请要求2014年6月2日提交的第62/006,575号美国临时专利申请的优先权的权益,通过引用将其整体并入本文。
本发明是在国立卫生研究院授予的批准号为1R21AI101810-01的政府支持下完成的。政府对本发明享有一定的权利。
1.发明领域
总地来说,本发明涉及医药领域。更具体地,其涉及用于治疗有其需要的受试者的致病性或增强的Th2型细胞应答的药物组合物。
2.背景
在美国,哮喘和过敏性疾病,例如过敏性鼻炎(枯草热)、食物过敏和特应性皮炎(湿疹)对于所有年龄组都是常见的。例如,哮喘影响超过1700万的成人和超过700万的儿童。枯草热、呼吸道过敏和其他过敏影响约10%的18岁以下的儿童。此外,食物过敏影响估计5%的5岁以下的儿童和4%的5至17岁的儿童和成人。
过敏是免疫系统的超敏障碍。症状包括红眼、瘙痒、流鼻涕、湿疹、荨麻疹或哮喘发作。过敏可以在例如哮喘的病症中起主要作用。在一些人中,对环境或膳食过敏原或药物的严重过敏可能导致危及生命的反应,称为过敏反应。食物过敏和对螫人昆虫如黄蜂和蜜蜂的毒液的反应更常与这些严重反应相关联。并非所有的反应或不耐受都是过敏的形式。
当人的免疫系统对环境中通常无害的物质作出反应时,发生过敏反应。过敏原诱导的致病性免疫应答是多种类型的过敏性疾病的主要原因,包括过敏性特应症和皮炎、过敏性鼻炎和过敏性哮喘。这样的过敏性免疫障碍的病理生理学是复杂的,并且通常与几种因素相关,例如遗传易感性、年龄、过敏原暴露的途径和剂量。过敏反应是独特的,因为某些被称为肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的白细胞被一类被称为免疫球蛋白E(IgE)的抗体过度激活。该反应导致炎性应答,其可以从不舒服到危险。
过敏的治疗包括避免已知的过敏原、非特异性调节免疫系统的甾体化合物和减轻症状的药物,如抗组胺剂和减充血剂。许多这些药物是口服的,但用于治疗过敏反应的肾上腺素是注射的。非特异性免疫抑制剂的使用可以减轻过敏反应,但也可能损害宿主对病原性感染的免疫力。此外,诸如抗组胺剂的药物可以用于减轻过敏性应答的症状,但可能仅作用有限的持续时间或仅对于一部分群体起作用。因此,本领域对用于治疗过敏性应答的有效的特异性疗法存在需求。
发明概述
本发明通过提供使用用于治疗过敏和炎性疾病的Th2途径的免疫调节剂的治疗方法满足了本领域的上述需要。本发明的内容涉及用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的方法,包括给予受试者治疗有效量的可操作地连接TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
术语“可操作地连接”是指其中两种组分在靶位点处结合之前组合以形成活性复合物的情况。例如,缀合于粘连蛋白-锚定蛋白复合物的一半的抗体与复合于粘连蛋白-锚定蛋白复合物的另一半的TLR通过粘连蛋白和锚定蛋白分子的复合可操作地连接。术语“可操作地连接”也意指将两个分子缀合在一起的共价键或化学键。
另一个方面涉及用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平的方法,其包括给予受试者治疗有效量的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
其他方面涉及用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍的方法,其包括给予受试者治疗有效量的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。过敏性障碍可以是特征为具有升高的或致病的Th2-型细胞应答或升高的IgE水平的过敏性障碍。
TLR激动剂可以是本文所描述的或本领域已知的TLR激动剂。在某些实施方案中,TLR激动剂选自TLR2、TLR7或TLR8激动剂。在一个实施方案中,TLR激动剂为TLR2激动剂。在另一个实施方案中,TLR激动剂为Pam3CSK4。在其他实施方案中,TLR激动剂是TLR7或TLR8激动剂。在一些实施方案中,TLR7或TLR8激动剂选自ssRNA和R848。在一些实施方案中,TLR激动剂缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。在另外的实施方案中,TLR激动剂化学缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
Pam3CSK4是合成的三酰脂肽(LP),其模拟细菌LP的酰化氨基末端。Pam3CSK4是促炎转录因子NF-κB的有效激活剂。激活通过TLR2和TLR1之间的相互作用介导,TLR2和TLR1识别具有三个脂肪酸的LP,其为细菌LP的结构特征。Pam3CSK4的化学名称为N-棕榈酰基-S-[2,3-双(棕榈酰氧基)-(2RS)-丙基]-[R]-半胱氨酰基-[S]-丝氨酰基-[S]-赖氨酰基-[S]-赖氨酰基-[S]-赖氨酰基-[S]-赖氨酸。在本文中和本领域中,Pam3CSK4有时也被称为“Pam3”。
在某些实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合dectin-1并通过dectin-1激活细胞。在另外的实施方案中,抗体或其抗原结合片段结合人dectin-1并激活人dectin-1。在人中,Dectin-1是由CLEC7A基因编码的蛋白。该基因编码C-型凝集素/C-型凝集素样结构域(CTL/CTLD)超家族的成员。编码的糖蛋白是具有细胞外C-型凝集素样结构域折叠和具有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序的胞浆结构域的小的II型膜受体。它充当识别来自真菌和植物的各种β-1,3-连接的和β-1,6-连接的葡聚糖的模式识别受体,并且以这种方式在固有免疫应答中起作用。在髓样树突细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞和B细胞上发现表达。在一些实施方案中,所述抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合并激活在抗原递呈细胞上的dectin-1。在另外的实施方案中,抗原递呈细胞是树突细胞。在再另一些实施方案中,树突细胞在血液、外周血中,是真皮树突细胞、是髓样树突细胞,是分泌IL-12的树突细胞或是mDC-1细胞。Dectin-1是跨膜蛋白,其包含在它的细胞内尾部中的基于免疫受体酪氨酸激活(ITAM)样基序(其涉及细胞激活)和在细胞外区域中的单一C-型凝集素样结构域(糖类识别结构域,CRD)(其识别在T细胞上的β-葡聚糖和内源性配体)。所述CRD通过茎区与膜分离。CLEC7A在茎区中包括推定的N-连接的糖基化位点。
在另外的实施方案中,Dectin-1抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括与SEQ ID NO:1-12中任一个的Dectin-1抗体或抗原结合片段至少或至多70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%(或其中可推导的任何范围)相同或相似的氨基酸序列。在另外的实施方案中,Dectin-1抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括可变区,所述可变区包括与SEQ ID NO:2、4、6、8、10和12中任一个的Dectin-1抗体缀合物抗体或抗原结合片段至少或至多70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%(或其中可推导的任何范围)相同或相似的氨基酸序列。在另外的实施方案中,抗体包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:13-30中任一个的氨基酸序列的CDR。在另外的实施方案中,Dectin-1抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括与SEQ ID NO:1、3、5、7、9和11中的任一个的Dectin-1抗体或抗原结合片段至少或至多70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%(或其中可推导的任何范围)相同或相似的重链或轻链氨基酸序列。在某些实施方案中,抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括来自Dectin-1抗体的重链和/或轻链可变区的CDR1、CDR2和/或CDR3。在一些实施方案中,抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括重链,所述重链包括SEQ ID NO:13-15、19-21或25-27的CDR。在一些实施方案中,抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括轻链,所述轻链包括SEQ ID NO:16-18、22-24或28-30的CDR。在某些实施方案中,抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括所有三个来自Dectin-1抗体的轻链可变区的CDR和/或所有三个来自Dectin-1抗体的重链可变区的CDR。在一些实施方案中,所述抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括SEQ ID NO:13-15的CDR,所述轻链包括SEQ ID NO:16-18的CDR。在一些实施方案中,所述抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括SEQ ID NO:19-21的CDR,所述轻链包括SEQ ID NO:22-24的CDR。在一些实施方案中,所述抗体缀合物或其抗原结合片段包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括SEQ ID NO:25-27的CDR,所述轻链包括SEQID NO:28-30的CDR。
本文描述的Dectin-1抗体缀合物或抗原结合片段或多个片段可以在SEQ ID NO:1-12中任一个的至少或至多3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109、110、111、112、113、114、115、116、117、118、119、120、121、122、123、124、125、126、127、128、129、130、131、132、133、134、135、136、137、138、139、140、141、142、143、144、145、146、147、148、149、150、151、152、153、154、155、156、157、158、159、160、161、162、163、164、165、166、167、168、169、170、171、172、173、174、175、176、177、178、179、180、181、182、183、184、185、186、187、188、189、190、191、192、193、194、195、196、197、198、199、200、201、202、203、204、205、206、207、208、209、210、211、212、213、214、215、216、217、218、219、220、221、222、223、224、225、226、227、228、229、230、231、232、233、234、235、236、237、238、239、240、241、242、243、244、245、246、247、248、249、250、300、400、500、550、1000个或更多个连续氨基酸,或其中可推导的任何范围内包括1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100个或更多个变体氨基酸(或其中可推导的任何范围)。
在其他实施方案中,抗体可以包括γ4恒定区。在相关的实施方案中,γ4恒定区包括在残基235处的亮氨酸被谷氨酸替换。在另一个实施方案中,γ4恒定区包括在铰链区中的残基228处的丝氨酸被脯氨酸替换。
在本文所描述的方法的一个实施方案中,所述受试者为人受试者。术语“受试者”、“个体”或“患者”在本文中互换使用,并且是指脊椎动物,例如灵长类动物、哺乳动物,或优选为人。哺乳动物包括但不限于马、犬、牛、绵羊、小鼠、大鼠、猿、人、饲养动物、运动动物和宠物。
在某些实施方案中,受试者是患有过敏性障碍或Th2-介导的过敏性障碍的受试者,或处于患上过敏性障碍或Th2-介导的过敏性障碍的风险中的受试者。在其他实施方案中,受试者患有炎性障碍或Th2-介导的炎性障碍,或处于患上炎性障碍或Th2-介导的炎性障碍的风险中。在另外的实施方案中,Th2应答是Th2-介导的炎性应答。在具体的实施方案中,受试者表现出一种或多种炎性障碍的症状或具有患炎性障碍的病史。
在某些实施方案中,Th2-介导的炎性障碍选自例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)、间质性肺病、慢性阻塞性肺病(chronicobstructive lung disease)、慢性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性肺炎、肺炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、特应症(atopy)、过敏、过敏性鼻炎、特发性肺纤维化、硬皮病、肺气肿、乳腺癌和溃疡性结肠炎。在具体的实施方案中,Th2-介导的炎性障碍是乳腺癌。在另外的实施方案中,Th2-介导的炎性障碍是溃疡性结肠炎。特别考虑的是在本文所讨论的实施方案中可以排除一种或多种列出的Th2-介导的炎性障碍。
还再另一个实施方案还可以包括治疗患有1型糖尿病或处在患上1型糖尿病的风险中的受试者的方法。本文所描述的组合物和抗体缀合物可以用于治疗治疗炎性和/或Th2-介导的1型糖尿病的多个方面。
在本文所描述的方法的一些实施方案中,给药在过敏和/或炎性反应发作之前进行。在另外的实施方案中,给药在过敏和/或炎性反应发作之后进行。
在另外的实施方案中,以有效增加受试者中的Th1、Th17、和Treg细胞中的一种或多种的量给予可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。在某些实施方案中,Th2细胞应答包括CD4+T细胞。
可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段可以以药物组合物给予。在某些方面,药物组合物没有包含抗原或过敏原。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物基本上由可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段组成。在另外的实施方案中,可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗体或其抗原结合片段未缀合到抗原或锚定蛋白或粘连蛋白分子。在另外的实施方案中,可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗体或其抗原结合片段未共价地或可操作地连接到抗原或锚定蛋白或粘连蛋白分子。
本文还描述了药物组合物,其包含如上所述的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
本发明还涉及制备用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍、用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平和/或用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的药物的如本文所述的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
本发明还涉及如本文所述的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍、用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平和/或用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的用途。
如本文在说明书中所使用的,“一(a)”或“一(an)”可以表示一个或多个。如本文在权利要求(多个权利要求)中所使用的,当与词语“包括(comprising)”一起使用时,词语“一(a)”或“一(an)”可以表示一个或多于一个。
在权利要求中使用术语“或”是用来表示“和/或”,除非明确规定仅指代供选择的方案,或供选择的方案互相排斥,但是本发明支持仅指代供选择的方案和“和/或”的定义。如本文所使用的,“另一个”可以表示至少第二个或更多个。
贯穿本申请,术语“约”用于表示包括用于确定数值的装置、方法固有的误差变化或在研究受试者中存在的变化的数值。
本发明的其他目的、特征和优点将由以下详述变得显而易见。然而,应理解的是,虽然详细描述和具体实施例显示本发明的某些实施方案,但是仅以举例说明的方式给出,因为在本发明的精神和范围内的各种变化和修改基于该详细描述将变得对本领域技术人员显而易见。要考虑的是在所述实施方案中特别地列出的任何要素也可以从某些实施方案中特别排除。例如,某些实施方案可能涉及包含抗原的组合物。另外的实施方案涉及不包括抗原或抗原的给予的组合物和方法。
附图简述
以下附图构成本说明书的一部分,并且被包括以进一步展示本发明的某些方面。结合本文提供的具体实施方案的详述,参照这些附图中的一个或多个,可以更好地理解本发明。
图1:显示了Pam3化学缀合到抗-Dectin-1抗体的示例性方法。将接头连接到pam3CSK4以帮助提高溶解度并阻止多个pam3分子的交联。将膦基团添加到αDectin-1,然后其可以与Pam3CSK3上的游离的叠氮基反应,从而在两个化合物之间产生缀合。
图2A-B-αDectin-1-pam3没有结合损失并且具有相对未改变的TLR2活性。(图2A)抗体和pam3缀合物在PBMC中的结合能力。(图2B)具有滴定量的αDectin-1、pam3或αDectin-1-pam3中任一种的TLR2报告细胞。
图3显示抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物能够有效激活抗原递呈细胞,包括mDC。
图4A-B显示αDectin-1-pam3缀合物能够降低血液mDC上的TSLP诱导的OX40L表达。首先从血沉棕黄层纯化mDC,然后与20ng/mL TSLP和100ng/mL pam3、10μg/mL抗-dectin-1或10μg/mLαDectin-1-pam3中任一种一起培养。收获细胞并在48小时后染色。(图4A)mDC染色和(图4B)汇编结果。
图5显示抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物处理使Th2型T细胞应答降低。
图6显示PAM3CSK4CK-生物素产物的色谱图和质谱。
图7显示PAM3-生物素-DBCO产物的色谱图。
图8A-B显示将TLR2-L添加到Dectin-1的激活导致HA-1特异性Th2-型CD4+T细胞应答降低。(图8A)CFSE-标记的CD4+T细胞与负载单独的αDectin-1-HA或αDectin-1-HA+TLR2-L中任一种的DC共培养7天。(图8B)使用HA1肽再刺激T细胞并通过Luminex分析细胞因子的水平。
图9A-B-αDectin-1-Pam3以滴定依赖性方式激活细胞。将(图9A)PBMC和(图9B)mDC培养24至48小时,然后收获上清液用于Luminex分析。
图10A-B-αDectin-1-pam3缀合物能够降低TSLP-mDC诱导的TH2-型CD4+T细胞应答,同时促进TH1-和TH17-型CD4+T细胞应答。首先使用40ng/mL TSLP和20μg/mLαdectin-1或αDectin-1-pam3两者之一使mDC预致敏。24小时后,将初始CD4+T细胞添加到mDC,并再培养6天。(图10A)在使用PMA/离子霉素刺激6小时和使用布雷菲德菌素A刺激4小时的细胞中,通过细胞内染色分析细胞内细胞因子水平。(图10B)通过使用αCD3/CD28珠刺激细胞48小时,测量细胞上清液的细胞因子水平。
图11A-B-αDectin-1-pam3处理降低了NHP体内的HDMA特异性血清IgE。(图11A)通过使动物对HDMA敏化产生用于特应症的NHP模型。(图11B)HDMA特异性血清IgE水平。箭头表示当给予αDectin-1-pam3时。
图12–使用凝胶多糖激活的DC导致抗原特异性TH2应答降低。抗原(流感病毒HA1)和凝胶多糖与树突细胞和CD4+T细胞一起孵育,然后使用HA-1-衍生肽再刺激。流感HA1特异性CD4+T细胞应答例如IFNγ、IL-4、IL-5和IL-13。
图13–凝胶多糖下调总TH2应答。抗-DC受体抗原(流感HA1)与树突细胞和CD4+T细胞一起孵育,然后使用PMA/离子霉素再刺激。然后针对IL-13和IL-5将细胞免疫染色。在凝胶多糖处理的培养物中,IL-13+细胞的百分比显著降低。
图14显示来自图11A中描绘的特应症的NHP模型的血清的细胞内细胞因子染色数据。
说明性实施方案的描述
本文所描述的方法和组合物可以用于治疗炎性和过敏性障碍。已发现,给予可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体对于控制过敏原特异性Th2-型免疫应答是有用的。如图5中示出,缀合到Pam3的抗-dectin-1降低了Th2型T细胞应答,而未缀合的相应组合物与抗-dectin-1和Pam3不能降低Th2型T细胞应答。不限于任何科学理论,相信这样的抗体缀合物具有靶向细胞的特异性亚群(如表达dectin-1和TLR的细胞)的能力,并且与未缀合的对应物相比,可能导致实现治疗效果所需的有效浓度更低。此外,与未缀合的对应物相比,靶向细胞的特异性亚群的能力可以导致更少的不期望的副作用或脱靶效应。
I.抗体
本发明的方法和组合物涉及可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体和其抗体结合片段。如本文所使用,“抗体”包括全抗体和任何抗原结合片段或其单链。因此,术语“抗体”包括包含免疫球蛋白分子的至少一部分的任何蛋白或含肽分子。这样的实例包括但不限于,重链或轻链或其配体结合部分的互补决定区(CDR)、重链或轻链可变区、重链或轻链恒定区、框架(FR)区或其任何部分或结合蛋白的至少一部分。
抗体可以是本文描述的各种抗体中的任一种,其非限定性实例包括多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体、嵌合抗体、重组抗体、人抗体、镶饰抗体、双价抗体、人源化抗体、抗体衍生物、重组人源化抗体或其各自的衍生物或片段。
可以使用本领域已知的常规技术产生抗体,并且抗体在文献中有详细描述。存在用于产生多克隆抗体的几种方法。例如,通常通过免疫适合的哺乳动物,例如但不限于鸡、山羊、豚鼠、仓鼠、马、小鼠、大鼠和兔产生多克隆抗体。将抗原注射到哺乳动物中,诱导B-淋巴细胞产生对抗原具有特异性的免疫球蛋白。免疫球蛋白可以从哺乳动物的血清纯化。为了最佳的产生和动物的人道处理,该方法的常见变化包括佐剂、给予途径和位点、每个位点的注射体积和每只动物的位点数量的改变。例如,佐剂通常用于提高或增强对抗原的免疫应答。大多数佐剂向注射位点提供抗原储库,其使抗原缓慢释放到引流淋巴结中。其他佐剂包括促进在大表面积上的蛋白抗原分子和免疫刺激分子的集中的表面活性剂。用于多克隆抗体产生的佐剂的非限定性实例包括弗氏佐剂、Ribi佐剂系统和Titermax。可以使用本领域已知的方法产生多克隆抗体,其中一些描述在第7,279,559号、第7,119,179号、第7,060,800号、第6,709,659号、第6,656,746号、第6,322,788号、第5,686,073号和第5,670,153号美国专利中。
除非另有规定,抗体可以是多克隆或单克隆的,并且可以从任何适合的生物来源,例如小鼠、大鼠、绵羊或犬分离。
在具体的实施方案中,抗体是单克隆抗体。如本文所使用,“单克隆抗体”是指从基本上同质的抗体群获得的抗体。因为每种单克隆抗体针对抗原上的单一决定簇,因此单克隆抗体是高度特异性的。可以例如使用放射性同位素、产生可检测产物的酶、荧光蛋白等可检测地标记抗体。抗体还可以缀合于其他部分,如特异性结合对的成员,例如生物素(生物素-亲和素特异性结合对的成员)等。抗体还可以结合于固体载体,包括但不限于,聚苯乙烯板或珠等。
可以使用本领域已知且在文献中详细描述的常规杂交瘤技术产生单克隆抗体。例如,通过使适合的永生细胞系(例如,骨髓瘤细胞系,例如但不限于Sp2/0、Sp2/0-AG14、NSO、NS1、NS2、AE-1、L.5、P3X63Ag8、653、Sp2SA3、Sp2MAI、Sp2SS1、Sp2SA5、U397、MIA 144、ACTIV、MOLT4、DA-1、JURKAT、WEHI、K-562、COS、RAJI、NIH 313、HL-60、MLA 144、NAMAIWA、NEURO2A、CHO、PerC.6、YB2/O等)或类似的,或异源骨髓瘤、其融合产物,或源自其的任何细胞或融合细胞,或如本领域已知的任何其他适合的细胞系,与产生抗体的细胞融合来产生杂交瘤,所述产生抗体的细胞例如但不限于分离或克隆的脾、外周血、淋巴、扁桃体或其他免疫细胞或含B细胞的细胞,或任何其他表达重链或轻链恒定或可变或框架或CDR序列的细胞,所述重链或轻链恒定或可变或框架或CDR序列为内源性或异源性核酸、作为重组或内源性的病毒、细菌、藻类、原核生物、两栖动物、昆虫、爬行动物、鱼、哺乳动物、啮齿动物、马、羊、山羊、绵羊、灵长类动物、真核生物的基因组DNA、cDNA、rDNA、线粒体DNA或RNA、叶绿体DNA或RNA、hnRNA、mRNA、tRNA,单、双或三链的,杂交的等或其任意组合。产生抗体的细胞还可以获自已经使用目标抗原免疫的人或其他适合的动物的外周血,或优选脾或淋巴结。任何其他适合的宿主细胞也可以用于表达编码抗体、其指定片段或变体的异源或内源核酸。可以使用选择性培养条件或其他适合的已知方法分离融合细胞(杂交瘤)或重组细胞,并且通过有限稀释或细胞分选或其他已知方法克隆。
可以使用产生或分离具有必要的特异性的抗体的其他适合的方法,包括但不限于使用本领域已知的方法从以下选择重组抗体的方法:肽或蛋白文库(例如但不限于,噬菌体、核糖体、寡核苷酸、cDNA等);展示文库,例如可得自各种供应商如MorphoSys(Martinsreid/Planegg,Del.)、BioInvent(Lund,Sweden)、Affitech(Oslo,Norway)。本领域已知的方法描述于专利文献中,其中一些包括:第4,704,692号、第5,723,323号、第5,763,192号、第5,814,476号、第5,817,483号、第5,824,514号、第5,976,862号美国专利。供选择的方法依赖于能够产生人抗体库的转基因动物(例如,SCID小鼠,Nguyen等人(1977)Microbiol.Immunol.41:901-907(1997);Sandhu等人(1996)Crit,Rev.Biotechnol.16:95-118;Eren等人(1998)Mumma 93:154-161)的免疫,如本领域已知和/或如本文所述。这样的技术包括但不限于核糖体展示,Wanes等人(1997)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,94:4937-4942;Hanes等人,(1998)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95:14130-14135);单细胞抗体产生技术(例如,选择的淋巴细胞抗体方法(“SLAM”)(第5,627,052号美国专利,Wen等人,(1987)J.Immunol 17:887-892;Babcook等人(1996)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 93:7843-7848);凝胶微滴和流式细胞术(Powell等人(1990)Biotechnol.8:333-337;单细胞系统(One CellSystems)(Cambridge,Mass);Gray等人(1995)J.Imm.Meth.182:155-163;和Kenny等人(1995)Bio.Technol.13:787-790);B细胞选择(Steenbakkers等人(1994)Molec.Biol.Reports 19:125-134)。
如本文使用的术语“多克隆抗体”或“多克隆抗体组合物”是指源自不同的B-细胞系的抗体的制剂。其为针对特异性抗原分泌的免疫球蛋白分子的混合物,各自识别不同的表位。
如本文所使用的术语“小鼠抗体”旨在包括具有源自小鼠种系免疫球蛋白序列的可变区和恒定区的抗体。
如本文所使用,嵌合抗体是其轻链和重链基因已经通常通过基因工程由属于不同物种的抗体可变区和恒定区基因构建的抗体。在一个实施方案中,抗体是小鼠/人嵌合抗体。
在另一个实施方案中,抗体包括修饰并且是“抗体衍生物”。术语“抗体衍生物”包括对抗体或片段的线性多肽序列的翻译后修饰。例如,第6,602,684 B1号美国专利描述了用于生成抗体的修饰的二醇形式的方法以及如此产生的糖蛋白,所述抗体包括包含等同于免疫球蛋白的Fc区的区域的全抗体分子、抗体片段或融合蛋白,具有增强的Fe-介导的细胞毒性。
本文提供的抗体还包括通过将任何类型的分子共价连接到抗体以使共价连接不阻止抗体产生抗独特型应答而修饰的衍生物。抗体衍生物包括但不限于,已经通过糖基化、乙酰化、聚乙二醇化、磷酸化、酰胺化、通过已知的保护/封闭基团衍生化、蛋白质水解切割、连接到细胞配体或其他蛋白等修饰的抗体。另外,该衍生物可以包含一个或多个非经典氨基酸。
还可以通过将编码抗体的多核苷酸递送至适合的宿主以提供在其乳汁中产生这样的抗体的转基因动物或哺乳动物,如山羊、牛、马、绵羊等来制备抗体衍生物。这些方法在本领域是已知的,并且描述于例如第5,827,690号、第5,849,992号、第4,873,316号、第5,849,992号、第5,994,616号、第5,565,362号和第5,304,489号美国专利中。
还可以通过递送多核苷酸以提供在植物部分或在由其培养的细胞中产生这样的抗体、特定部分或变体的转基因植物和培养的植物细胞(例如但不限于,烟草、玉米和浮萍)来制备抗体衍生物。已经由包含抗体片段,如单链抗体(scFv)的转基因植物种子大量生产了抗体衍生物,包括烟草种子和马铃薯块茎。参见例如,Conrad等人(1998)PlantMol.Biol.38:101-109及其中引用的参考文献。因此,还可以根据已知的方法使用转基因植物生产抗体。
还可以例如通过添加外源序列以改变免疫原性,或降低、提高或改变结合、亲和力、结合速率、解离速率、亲合力、特异性、半衰期或任何其他适合的特征来生产抗体衍生物。通常保持部分或所有非人或人CDR序列,同时使用人或其他氨基酸替代可变区和恒定区的非人序列。
术语“可变区”是指赋予抗体其结合抗原的特异性的抗体的部分。可变区通常位于重链和轻链的末端。β-链的可变环,在轻链(VL)和重链(VH)上各有三个,负责结合于抗原。这些环被称为“互补决定区”(CDR)。
一般而言,CDR残基直接且最实质地参与影响抗原结合。抗体的人源化或工程化可以使用任何已知的方法进行,例如但不限于第5,723,323号、第5,976,862号、第5,824,514号、第5,817,483号、第5,814,476号、第5,763,192号、第5,723,323号、第5,766,886号、第5,714,352号、第6,204,023号、第6,180,370号、第5,693,762号、第5,530,101号、第5,585,089号、第5,225,539号和第4,816,567号美国专利中描述的那些。
术语“恒定区”是指在所有相同同种型的抗体中相同的抗体的部分。恒定区在不同同种型的抗体中不同。
在一个实施方案中,抗体是人源化抗体。如本文所使用,术语“人源化抗体”或“人源化免疫球蛋白”是指包含源自非人免疫球蛋白的最小序列的人/非人嵌合抗体。大多数情况下,人源化抗体是人免疫球蛋白(受体抗体),其中来自受体的可变区的残基被具有希望的特异性、亲和力和能力的来自非人物种(供体抗体)如小鼠、大鼠、兔或非人灵长类动物的可变区的残基替代。人源化抗体可以包含未在受体抗体或供体抗体中发现的残基。人源化抗体可以任选地还包含免疫球蛋白恒定区(Fc)的至少一部分,通常是人免疫球蛋白的免疫球蛋白恒定区(Fc)的至少一部分,在框架区、恒定区或CDR中包含一个或多个已被来自人抗体的相应定位的氨基酸替换的氨基酸的非人抗体的至少一部分。一般地,与相同抗体的非人源化形式相比,预期人源化抗体在人宿主中产生的免疫应答降低。人源化抗体可以具有保守的氨基酸替换,其对抗原结合或其他抗体功能基本上没有影响。保守的替换组包括:甘氨酸-丙氨酸、缬氨酸-亮氨酸-异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸、赖氨酸-精氨酸、丙氨酸-缬氨酸、丝氨酸-苏氨酸和天冬酰胺-谷氨酰胺。
嵌合的、人源化的或灵长类化的抗体可以基于使用标准分子生物技术制备的参考单克隆抗体的序列制备。编码重链和轻链免疫球蛋白的DNA可以从目标杂交瘤获得,并且使用标准分子生物技术工程化以包含非参考(例如,人)免疫球蛋白序列。例如,为了产生嵌合抗体,可以使用本领域已知的方法将小鼠可变区连接到人恒定区(第4,816,567号美国专利)。为了产生人源化抗体,可以使用本领域已知的方法将小鼠CDR区插入人框架(第5,225,539号美国专利和第5,530,101号、第5,585,089号、第5,693,762号和第6,180,370号美国专利)。类似地,为了产生灵长类化的抗体,可以使用本领域已知的方法将小鼠CDR区插入灵长类动物框架中(WO 93/02108和WO 99/55369)。确定来自可变区的序列的CDR的方法是本领域已知的(参见例如,Zhao和Lu,“A germline knowledge based computational approachfor determiningantibody complementarity determining regions.”Mol.Immunol.,(2010)47(4):694-700,其通过引用并入本文)。
用于制备部分至完全的人抗体的技术是本领域已知的,并且可以使用任何这样的技术。根据一个实施方案,在已经工程化以表达人重链和轻链抗体基因的转基因小鼠中制备完全人抗体序列。已经制备了多个这样的转基因小鼠品种,其可以产生不同种类的抗体。产生希望的抗体的来自转基因小鼠的B细胞可以融合以制备用于连续产生希望的抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。(参见例如,Russel等人(2000)Infection and Immunity April 2000:1820-1826;Gallo等人(2000)European J.of Immun.30:534-540;Green(1999)J.ofImmun.Methods 231:11-23;Yang等人(1999A)J.of Leukocyte Biology 66:401-410;Yang(1999B)Cancer Research 59(6):1236-1243;Jakobovits(1998)Advanced Drug Reviews31:33-42;Green和Jakobovits(1998)J.Exp.Med.188(3):483-495;Jakobovits(1998)Exp.Opin.Invest.Drugs 7(4):607-614;Tsuda等人(1997)Genomics 42:413-421;Sherman-Gold(1997)GeneticEngineering News 17(14);Mendez等人(1997)NatureGenetics 15:146-156;Jakobovits(1996)Weir's Handbook of ExperimentalImmunology,The Integrated Immune System Vol.IV,194.1-194.7;Jakobovits(1995)Current Opinion in Biotechnology 6:561-566;Mendez等人(1995)Genomics 26:294-307;Jakobovits(1994)Current Biology 4(8):761-763;Arbones等人(1994):Immunity 1(4):247-260;Jakobovits(1993)Nature 362(6417):255-258;Jakobovits等人(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90(6):2551-2555;和第6,075,181号美国专利)。
抗体可以被修饰以产生嵌合抗体。嵌合抗体是其中抗体的重链和轻链的各结构域由来自多于一种的物种的DNA编码的抗体。参见例如第4,816,567号美国专利。
供选择地,抗体还可以被修饰以产生镶饰抗体。镶饰抗体是其中一种物种的抗体的外部氨基酸残基被第二物种的抗体的外部氨基酸残基合理地替代或“镶饰”以使第一物种的抗体在第二物种中将没有免疫原性,从而降低抗体的免疫原性的抗体。由于蛋白的抗原性主要取决于其表面性质,因此可以通过替代与在另一个哺乳动物物种抗体中通常发现的暴露的残基不同的暴露的残基来降低抗体的免疫原性。该外部残基的合理替代应对内部结构域或对结构域间接触具有极少影响或没有影响。因此,由于改变限于可变区框架残基,因此配体结合特性应不受影响。该过程被称为“镶饰”,由于仅有抗体的外表面或外皮改变,支持性残基保持不受干扰。
“镶饰”过程利用可得的Kabat等人(1987)Sequences of Proteins ofImmunological interest,4th ed.,Bethesda,Md.,National Institutes of Health汇编的人抗体可变结构域的序列数据、此数据库的更新以及其他可访问的美国和外国数据库(核酸和蛋白)。用于产生镶饰抗体的方法的非限定性实例包括EP 519596;第6,797,492号美国专利;并描述于Padlan等人(1991)Mol.Immunol.28(4-5):489-498。
术语“抗体衍生物”还包括“双特异抗体”,其为具有两个抗原结合位点的小抗体片段,其中片段包含连接到相同的多肽链中的轻链可变结构域(VL)的重链可变结构域(VH)。(参见例如,EP 404,097;WO 93/11161;和Hollinger等人(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA90:6444-6448)。通过使用太短而不能使相同链上的两个结构域之间配对的接头,迫使结构域与另一条链的互补结构域配对并产生两个抗原结合位点。(还参见Chen等人的第6,632,926号美国专利,其公开了抗体变体,所述抗体变体具有一个或多个插入到亲本抗体的高可变区的氨基酸,并且其对靶抗原的结合亲和力比亲本抗体对抗原的结合亲和力强至少约两倍)。
术语“抗体衍生物”还包括工程化的抗体分子、片段和单一结构域,如scFv、dAb、纳米抗体、微抗体、单价体(Unibody)和亲和体(Affibody)(Hudson(2005)Nature Biotech 23(9):1126-36;美国公开专利US2006/0211088;PCT公开申请W02007/059782;第5,831,012号美国专利)。
术语“抗体衍生物”还包括“线性抗体”。用于制备线性抗体的过程是本领域已知的,并且描述于Zapata等人(1995)Protein Eng.8(10):1057-1062。简言之,这些抗体包含一对形成一对抗原结合区的串联Ed节段(V.sub.H-C.sub.H 1-VH-C.sub.H1)。线性抗体可以是双特异性或单特异性的。
可以通过已知方法从重组细胞培养物回收和纯化抗体,所述方法包括但不限于蛋白A纯化、硫酸铵或乙醇沉降、酸提取、阴离子或阳离子交换色谱、磷酸纤维素色谱、疏水相互作用色谱、亲和色谱、羟基磷灰石色谱和凝集素色谱。高效液相色谱(“HPLC”)还可以用于纯化。
如果被测试的抗体与蛋白或多肽结合,那么被测试的抗体与所述抗体是等价物。在一个实施方案中,等价物为结合dectin-1并提供相同的活性的等价物,所述活性例如刺激DC细胞分泌IL-10,增加抗原特异性T调节细胞产生和/或抑制同种异体或致病性T细胞应答。
还可以在没有过度实验的情况下通过确定被测试的抗体是否阻止抗体结合该抗体通常与其反应的蛋白或多肽,来确定抗体是否与本文考虑的抗体具有相同的特异性。如果被测试的抗体与在本文描述的实施方案中使用的抗体竞争,如通过单克隆抗体的结合的减少所示,则两种抗体可能结合于相同的或密切相关的表位。供选择地,可以预孵育抗体以与其通常反应的蛋白一起用于实施方案中,并确定被测试的抗体的结合抗原的能力是否被抑制。如果被测试的抗体被抑制,则很可能的是,其与用于本文描述的实施方案中的抗体具有相同的或密切相关的表位特异性。
除非另有说明,术语“抗体”还旨在包括所有免疫球蛋白同种型和亚类的抗体。同种型是指抗体的重链和轻链的恒定区中的遗传变异或差异。在人中,有五种重链同种型:IgA、IgD、IgG、IgE和IgM以及两种轻链同种型:κ和λ。IgG类分为四种同种型:人中的IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4,和小鼠中的IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b和IgG3。它们在Fc区的氨基酸序列中共享超过95%的同源性,但是在铰链区的氨基酸组成和结构方面显示主要差异。单克隆抗体的特定同种型可以通过从初始融合体选择来直接制备,或通过使用sib选择技术以使用Steplewski等人(1985)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:8653或Spira等人,(1984)J.Immunol.Methods 74:307所述的方法分离类别转换变体而由分泌不同同种型的单克隆抗体的亲本杂交瘤二次制备。供选择地,可以使用重组DNA技术。
具有本文描述的单克隆抗体的特异性的其他单克隆抗体的分离还可以通过产生抗独特型抗体,由本领域普通技术人员实现。Herlyn等人(1986)Science 232:100。抗独特型抗体是识别存在于目标单克隆抗体上的独特的决定簇的抗体。
在一些方面,可检测地或治疗性地标记抗体是有用的。用于使抗体与这些试剂缀合的方法是本领域已知的。仅出于举例说明的目的,抗体可以用可检测的部分如放射性原子、发色团、荧光团等标记。这样的标记的抗体可以用于体内或分离的测试样品中的诊断技术。
在某些实施方案中,抗体或抗原结合片段还包括修饰。修饰可以是VH和/或VL CDR1、CDR 2和/或CDR 3区内的保守的氨基酸突变,Fc铰链区中的保守的氨基酸突变,聚乙二醇化,缀合于血清蛋白,缀合于人血清白蛋白,缀合于可检测标记,缀合于诊断试剂,缀合于酶,缀合于荧光、发光或生物发光材料,缀合于放射性材料或缀合于治疗剂。
如本文所使用的,术语“标记”意指可直接或间接地检测的化合物或组合物,其直接或间接地缀合于被检测的组合物,例如多核苷酸或蛋白,如抗体,从而产生“标记的”组合物。术语还包括当插入的序列表达时将提供信号的缀合于多核苷酸的序列,例如绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)等。所述标记可以是自身可检测的(如放射性同位素标记或荧光标记),或在酶标记的情况下,可以催化可检测的底物化合物或组合物的化学改变。所述标记可以适合小规模检测或更适合高通量筛选。因此,适合的标记包括但不限于放射性同位素、荧光染料、化学发光化合物、染料和蛋白质,包括酶。可以简单检测所述标记或者可以定量所述标记。简单检测的响应通常包括仅确认其存在的响应,而定量的响应通常包括具有可定量(如数值上可报告的)的值,例如强度、极化和/或其他性能的响应。在发光或荧光分析中,可检测的响应可以使用与在结合中实际涉及的分析组分相关的发光团或荧光团直接产生,或使用与另外的(如报告分子或指示剂)组分相关的发光团或荧光团间接产生。
产生信号的发光标记的实例包括但不限于生物发光和化学发光。可检测的发光响应一般包括发光信号的改变或出现。用于发光标记分析组分的适合的方法和发光团是本领域已知的,并且描述于例如Haugland,Richard P.(1996)Handbook of FluorescentProbes and Research Chemicals(6.sup.th ed.)。发光探针的实例包括但不限于发光蛋白和荧光素酶。
适合的荧光标记的实例包括但不限于荧光素、罗丹明、四甲基罗丹明、曙红、赤藓红、香豆素、甲基香豆素、芘、孔雀绿、茋、荧光黄、瀑布蓝(Cascade Blue.TM.)和德克萨斯红(Texas Red)。其他合适的光学染料描述于Haugland,Richard P.(1996)Handbook ofFluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals(6.sup.th ed.)。
在另一个方面,所述荧光标记被官能化以有利于共价连接到存在于细胞或组织中或细胞或组织表面上的细胞组分,例如细胞表面标志物。合适的官能团包括但不限于异硫氰酸酯基、氨基、卤代乙酰基、马来酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺酯和磺酰卤化物,所有这些可以用于将荧光标记连接到第二分子。荧光标记的官能团的选择将取决于连接到接头、试剂、标志物或第二标记试剂的位点。
荧光标记可以直接连接到细胞组分或化合物,或供选择地可以通过接头连接到细胞组分或化合物。用于将荧光标记间接地连接到中间体的适合的结合对包括但不限于抗原/抗体,如罗丹明/抗-罗丹明、生物素/亲和素和生物素/链霉亲和素。
将抗体偶联到低分子量半抗原能够在分析中增加抗体的敏感性。然后可以借助第二反应特异性检测所述半抗原。例如,通常使用半抗原,如与亲和素反应的生物素,或可以与特异性抗半抗原抗体反应的二硝基酚、吡哆醛和荧光素。参见上述Harlow和Lane(1988)。
可以通过使VH和/或VL CDR 1、CDR 2和/或CDR 3区内的氨基酸残基突变来修饰抗体的可变区,以改进抗体的一种或多种结合性能(例如亲和力)。突变可以通过定点诱变或PCR介导的诱变引入,并且对抗体结合或其他目标功能特性的影响可以在合适的体外或体内分析中评价。优选引入保守修饰,并且通常在CDR区域内改变不超过一个、两个、三个、四个或五个残基。突变可以是氨基酸替换、添加或删除。
可以例如,通过将一个或多个框架残基“回复突变”至相应的种系序列对抗体进行框架修饰,以降低免疫原性。
此外,可以将抗体工程化,以在所述Fc区域包含修饰,从而改变抗体的一种或多种功能特性,例如血清半衰期、补体结合、Fc受体结合和/或抗原依赖性细胞毒性。这样的修饰包括但不限于促进轻链和重链的组装或增加或降低抗体的稳定性的铰链区中半胱氨酸残基的数目的改变(第5,677,425号美国专利),和降低抗体的生物半衰期的Fc铰链区中的氨基酸突变(第6,165,745号美国专利)。
此外,可以化学修饰一种或多种抗体。可以例如通过修饰抗体序列内的一个或多个糖基化位点改变抗体的糖基化,以增加抗体对抗原的亲和力(第5,714,350号和第6,350,861号美国专利)。供选择地,为了增加抗体依赖性的细胞介导的细胞毒性,可以通过在具有改变的糖基化机制的宿主细胞亚群(host cell.sub.)中表达抗体,获得具有减少的岩藻糖残基数量的低岩藻糖基化抗体或具有增加的平分型GlcNac结构的抗体(Shields,R.L等人,2002J.Biol.Chem.277:26733-26740;Umana等人,1999Nat.Biotech.17:176-180)。
在其中一个或多个PEG基团连接到抗体或抗体片段的条件下,可以通过使抗体或其片段与聚乙二醇(PEG)或PEG的活性酯或醛衍生物反应来使抗体聚乙二醇化以增加生物半衰期。抗体聚乙二醇化可以通过与活性PEG分子(或类似的活性水溶性聚合物)的酰化反应或烷基化反应进行。如本文所用,术语“聚乙二醇”旨在包括已经用于衍生其它蛋白的任何形式的PEG,例如单(C1-C10)烷氧基-或芳氧基-聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇-马来酰亚胺。待聚乙二醇化的抗体可以是非糖基化抗体。使蛋白聚乙二醇化的方法是本领域已知的,并且可以应用于一种或多种抗体(EP0154316和EP0401384)。
另外,可以通过将抗体的抗原结合区缀合或融合于血清蛋白例如人血清白蛋白对抗体进行化学修饰,从而增加得到的分子的半衰期。这种方法例如描述于EP0322094和EP0486525中。
抗体或其片段可以缀合于诊断试剂并在诊断上使用,例如,监测疾病的发展或进展,并确定给定治疗的方案的疗效。诊断试剂的实例包括酶、辅基、荧光材料、发光材料、生物发光材料、放射性材料,使用各种正电子发射断层摄影的正电子发射金属和非放射性顺磁金属离子。可检测的物质可以使用本领域已知的技术,直接地偶联或缀合于抗体或其片段,或通过接头间接地偶联或缀合于抗体或其片段。适合的酶的实例包括辣根过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-半乳糖苷酶或乙酰胆碱酯酶。适合的辅基复合物的实例包括链霉亲和素/生物素和亲和素/生物素。适合的荧光材料的实例包括伞形酮、荧光素、异硫氰酸荧光素、罗丹明、二氯三嗪基胺荧光素、丹磺酰氯或藻红蛋白。发光材料的实例包括鲁米诺。生物发光材料的实例包括荧光素酶、荧光素和发光蛋白。适合的放射性材料的实例包括125I、131I、铟-111、镥-171、铋-212、铋-213、砹-211、铜-62、铜-64、铜-67、钇-90、碘-125、碘-131、磷-32、磷-33、钪-47、银-111、镓-67、镨-142、钐-153、铽-161、镝-166、钬-166、铼-186、钌-188、铼-189、铅-212、镭-223、锕-225、铁-59、硒-75、砷-77、锶-89、钼-99、铑-1105、钯-109,镨-143、钷-149、铒-169、铱-194、金-198、金-199和铅-211。单克隆抗体可以通过使用与抗体共价连接的双功能螯合剂与放射性金属离子间接地缀合。螯合剂可以通过胺(amities)(Meares等人,1984Anal.Biochem.142:68-78);氨基酸残基的巯基(Koyama 1994Chem.Abstr.120:217262t)和碳水化合物基团(Rodwell等人1986PNAS USA 83:2632-2636;Quadri等人1993Nucl.Med.Biol.20:559-570)连接。
另外适合的缀合分子包括核糖核酸酶(RNA酶)、DNA酶I,反义核酸、抑制性RNA分子如siRNA分子、免疫刺激性核酸、适体、核糖酶、三链体形成分子(triplex formingmolecule)和外部引导序列。适体是长度为15-50个碱基的小核酸,其折叠为限定的二级和三级结构,例如茎-环或G-四联体(quartet),并且可以结合小分子,例如ATP(第5,631,146号美国专利)和茶碱(theophilline)(第5,580,737号美国专利),以及大分子,例如逆转录酶(第5,786,462号美国专利)和凝血酶(第5,543,293号美国专利)。核酶是能够催化分子内或分子间化学反应的核酸分子。核酶通常通过识别并结合靶底物以及随后的切割来切割核酸底物。形成三链体的功能核酸分子可以通过形成三链体与双链或单链核酸相互作用,其中DNA的三条链形成依赖于沃森-克里克(Watson-Crick)和胡斯坦(Hoogsteen)碱基配对的复合物。三链体分子可以通过高亲和力和特异性结合靶区域。
功能性核酸分子可以充当靶分子所具有的特异性活性的效应分子、抑制剂、调节剂和刺激剂,或者功能性核酸分子可以具有独立于任何其它分子的全新(de novo)活性。在一个实施方案中,抗体是树突细胞的刺激剂。
可以使用大量可用方法中的任一种将缀合剂直接或间接地连接到抗体。例如,可以通过使用交联剂例如3-(2-吡啶基二巯基)丙酸-N-琥珀酰酯(SPDP)形成二硫键,或通过在抗体的Fc区域的碳水化合物部分将试剂连接到还原的抗体组分的铰链区(Yu等人,1994Int.J.Cancer 56:244;Upeslacis等人,"Modification of Antibodies by ChemicalMethods,"Monoclonal antibodies:principles and applications,Birch等人(编),第187-230页(Wiley-Liss,Inc.1995);Price,"Production and Characterization ofSynthetic Peptide-Derived Antibodies,"Monoclonal antibodies:Production,engineering and clinical application,Ritter等人(编),第60-84页(CambridgeUniversity Press 1995))。
用于将抗原缀合于抗体的技术是本领域熟知的(Amon等人,"MonoclonalAntibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy",MonoclonalAntibodies And Cancer Therapy,Reisfeld等人(编),第243-56页(Alan R.Liss,Inc.1985);Hellstrom等人,“Antibodies For Drug Delivery”,Controlled DrugDelivery(第二版),Robinson等人(编),第623-53页(Marcel Dekker,Inc.1987);Thorpe,“Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy:A Review”,MonoclonalAntibodies'84:Biological And Clinical Applications,Pinchera等人(编),第475-506页(1985);“Analysis,Results,And Future Prospective Of The Therapeutic Use OfRadiolabeted Antibody in Cancer Therapy”,Monoclonal Antibodies For CancerDetection And Therapy,Baldwin等人(编),第303-16页(Academic Press 1985),和Thorpe等人,“The Preparation And Cytotoxic Properties Of Antibody-ToxinConjugates”1982Immunol.Rev.62:119-58)。
抗体或其抗原结合区域可以连接到另一个功能性分子,例如另一个抗体或受体的配体,以产生双特异性或多特异性分子,其结合到至少两个或更多个不同的结合位点或靶分子。可以通过例如化学偶联、基因融合或非共价缔合进行抗体与一种或多种其他结合分子,例如另一种抗体、抗体片段、肽或结合模拟物的连接。除了第一和第二靶表位外,多特异性分子还可以包括第三结合特异性。
双特异性和多特异性分子可以使用本领域已知的方法制备。例如,可以分别产生双特异性分子的每个结合单元,然后将其彼此缀合。当结合分子是蛋白质或肽时,可将多种偶联剂或交联剂用于共价缀合。交联剂的实例包括蛋白A、碳二亚胺、N-琥珀酰亚胺基-S-乙酰基-硫代乙酸酯(SATA)、5,5'-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB)、邻亚苯基二马来酰亚胺(oRDM)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基-3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)丙酸-酯(SPDP)和磺基琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(磺基-SMCC)(Karpovsky等人,1984J.Exp.Med.160:1686;Liu等人,1985Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:8648)。当结合分子是抗体时,可以通过两条重链的C-末端铰链区的巯基键合将它们缀合。
可以将抗体或其片段连接到对抗体所结合的细胞有毒性的部分,以形成“消耗”抗体。这些抗体在其中期望消耗NK细胞的应用中特别有用。
抗体还可以连接到固体支持物,其对于靶抗原的免疫分析或纯化特别有用。这样的固体支持物包括但不限于玻璃、纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺、尼龙、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯或聚丙烯。
抗体还可以结合于许多不同的载体。因此,还提供了含有抗体和另一种活性或惰性物质的组合物。众所周知的载体的实例包括玻璃、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、葡聚糖、尼龙、淀粉酶、天然和改性的纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺,琼脂糖和磁石。出于本文所述的实施方案的目的,载体的性质可以是可溶的或不可溶的。本领域技术人员将知道用于结合单克隆抗体的其他适合的载体,或者将能够使用常规实验来确定。
构建体
当作为抗体H或L链或哺乳动物细胞分泌的蛋白呈现时,以下给出的序列显示为没有信号肽的氨基酸(即,作为“成熟的”分泌的蛋白),而DNA序列是包括信号序列(如果存在)的整个编码区。
H链构建体的所有实例通常用于具有匹配的L链载体的CHO细胞的共转染。此外,在一些实施方案中,免疫治疗剂将具有人源化可变区。
m抗-Dectin-1-11B6.4-H-V-hIgG4H-C];SEQ ID NO:1:
QVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLSITCSVSGFSLSNYDISWIRQPPGKGLEWLGVMWTGGGANYNSAFMSRLSINKDNSKSQVFLKMNNLQTDDTAIYYCVRDAVRYWNFDVWGAGTTVTVSSAKTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGKAS
以上序列是mAb 11B6.4的H链可变区和hIgG4的C区之间的嵌合体。
mAb 11B6.4的H链可变区在SEQ ID NO:2中示出:
QVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLSTTCSVSGFSLSNYDISWIRQPPGKGLEWLGVMWTGGGANYNSAFMSRLSINKDNSKSQVFLKMNNLQTDDTAIYYCVRDAVRYWNFDVWGAGTTVTVSSAKTK
mAb 11B6.4的H链可变区的CDR是:GFSLSNYDIS(SEQ ID NO:13)、VMWTGGGANYNSAFMS(SEQ ID NO:14)和DAVRYWNFDV(SEQ ID NO:15)。
[m抗-Dectin-1-11B6.4-K-LV-hIgGK-C]是对应的L链嵌合体;SEQ ID NO:3:
QIVLSQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYIHWYQQKPGSSPKPWIYATSHLASGVPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDTATYYCQQWSSNPFTFGSGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
m抗-Dectin-1-11B6.4-K-LV-hIgGK-C的L链可变区在SEQ ID NO:4中示出:
QIVLSQSPAILSASPGEKVTMTCRASSSVSYIHWYQQKPGSSPKPWIYATSHLASGVPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRVEAEDTATYYCQQWSSNPFTFGSGTK
m抗-Dectin-1-11B6.4-K-LV-hIgGK-C的L链可变区的CDR为:RASSSVSYIH(SEQ IDNO:16)、ATSHLAS(SEQ ID NO:17)和CQQWSSNPFT(SEQ ID NO:18)。
m抗-Dectin-1-15E2.5-H-V-hIgG4H-C];SEQ ID NO:5:
QVQLQQSGAELARPGASVKMSCKASGYTFTTYTMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGYINPSSGYTNYNQKFKDKATLTADKSSSTASMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARERAVLVPYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSSAKTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSYMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGKAS
以上序列是mAb 15E2.5的H链可变区和hIgG4的C区之间的嵌合体。
mAb 15E2.5的H链可变区在SEQ ID NO:6中示出:
QVQLQQSGAELARPGASVKMSCKASGYTFTTYTMHWVKQRPGQGLEWIGYINPSSGYTNYNQKFKDKATLTADKSSSTASMQLSSLTSEDSAVYYCARERAVLVPYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSSAKTK
mAb 15E2.5的H链可变区的CDR为:GYTFTTYTMH(SEQ ID NO:19)、YINPSSGYTNYNQKFKD(SEQ ID NO:20)和ERAVLVPYAMDY(SEQ ID NO:21)。
[m抗-Dectin-1-15E2.5-K-V-hIgGK-C]是对应的L链嵌合体;SEQ ID NO:7:
QIVLTQSPAVMSASPGEKVTITCTASSSLSYMHWFQQKPGTSPKLWLYSTSILASGVPTRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRMEAEDAATYYCQQRSSSPFTFGSGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
m抗-Dectin-1-15E2.5-K-V-hIgGK-C的L链可变区在SEQ ID NO:8中示出:
QIVLTQSPAVMSASPGEKVTITCTASSSLSYMHWFQQKPGTSPKLWLYSTSILASGVPTRFSGSGSGTSYSLTISRMEAEDAATYYCQQRSSSPFTFGSGTK
m抗-Dectin-1-15E2.5-K-V-hIgGK-C的L链可变区的CDR为:TASSSLSYMH(SEQ IDNO:22)、STSILAS(SEQ ID NO:23)和QQRSSSPFT(SEQ ID NO:24)。
m抗-Dectin-1-2D8.2D4-H-V-hIgG4H-C];SEQ ID NO:9:
EVQLQQSGPELEKPGASVKISCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVKQSNGKSLEWIGNIDPYYGDTNYNQKFKGKATLTVDKSSSTAYMHLKSLTSEDSAVYYCARPYGSEAYFAYWGQGTLVTVSAAKTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGKAS
以上的序列是mAb 2D8.2D4的H链可变区和hIgG4的C区之间的嵌合体。
mAb 2D8.2D4的H链可变区在SEQ ID NO:10中示出:
EVQLQQSGPELEKPGASVKISCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVKQSNGKSLEWIGNIDPYYGDTNYNQKFKGKATLTVDKSSSTAYMHLKSLTSEDSAVYYCARPYGSEAYFAYWGQGTLVTVSAAKTK
mAb 2D8.2D4的H链可变区的CDR为:GYSFTGYNMN(SEQ ID NO:25)、NIDPYYGDTNYNQKFKG(SEQ ID NO:26)和PYGSEAYFAY(SEQ ID NO:27)。
[m抗-Dectin-1-2D8.2D4-K-V-hIgGK-C]是对应的L链嵌合体;SEQ ID NO:11:
DIVMTQSPATLSVTPGDRVSLSCRASQSISDYLHWYQQKSHESPRLLIKYAAQSISGIPSRFSGSGSGSDFTLSINGVEPEDVGVYYCQNGHSFPYTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
m抗-Dectin-1-2D8.2D4-K-V-hIgGK-C的L链可变区在SEQ ID NO:12中示出:
DIVMTQSPATLSVTPGDRVSLSCRASQSISDYLHWYQQKSHESPRLLIKYAAQSISGIPSRFSGSGSGSDFTLSINGVEPEDVGVYYCQNGHSFPYTFGGGTK
mAb 2D8.2D4的H链可变区的CDR为:RASQSISDYLH(SEQ ID NO:28)、YAAQSIS(SEQID NO:29)和QNGHSFPYT(SEQ ID NO:30)。
II.TLR激动剂
TLR激动剂是本领域已知的。TLR激动剂可以包括TLR1(例如,肽聚糖或三酰基脂蛋白),TLR2(例如,脂磷壁酸;来自枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌0111:B4(E.coli 0111:B4)、大肠杆菌K12(Escherichia coli K12)或金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的肽聚糖;非典型脂多糖(LPS)如细螺旋体病(Leptospirosis)LPS和牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)LPS;合成的二酰化脂蛋白,例如FSL-1或Pam2CSK4;来自耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis)的脂酰阿拉伯甘露聚糖或脂甘露聚糖;三酰化脂蛋白,例如Pam3CSK4;脂蛋白例如来自支原体(mycoplasma)的MALP-2和MALP-404;伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)OspA;来自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(Neisseriameningitidis)或流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenza)的孔蛋白;耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia)LcrV;来自分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium)或结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)的脂甘露聚糖;克氏锥虫(Trypanosoma cruzi)GPI锚蛋白;曼氏裂体吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸;利什曼原虫脂磷聚糖(LPG);恶性疟原虫糖磷脂酰肌醇(GPI);酵母聚糖),TLR3(例如双链RNA、聚腺苷酸-尿苷酸(Poly(A:U));聚肌苷-聚胞苷酸(Poly(I:C));高分子量的聚肌苷-聚胞苷酸(Poly(I:C)HMW);和低分子量的聚肌苷-聚胞苷酸(Poly(I:C)LMW)),TLR4(例如,来自大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的种的LPS),TLR5(例如来自枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)、绿脓杆菌(P.aeruginosa)或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)的鞭毛蛋白),TLR8(例如单链RNA,如具有6UUAU重复的ssRNA,RNA均聚物(裸ssPolyU),HIV-1LTR-衍生的ssRNA(ssRNA40)或具有2个GUCCUUCAA重复的ssRNA(ssRNA-DR)),TLR7(例如,咪唑并喹啉化合物,咪喹莫特(imiquimod),咪喹莫特VacciGradeTM,Gardiquimod VacciGradeTM或GardiquimodTM;腺嘌呤类似物CL264;碱基类似物CL307;鸟苷类似物洛索立宾(loxoribine);TLR7/8(例如,噻唑并喹啉化合物CL075;咪唑并喹啉化合物CLO97、R848或R848VacciGradeTM),TLR9(例如,CpGODN);和TLR11(如刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)抑制蛋白)的激动剂。在某些实施方案中,TLR激动剂是以上所列出的具体的激动剂。在另外的实施方案中,TLR激动剂是特异地激动一个TLR或两个TLR的激动剂。在某些实施方案中,TLR是以上所列出的TLR2激动剂。
在一些实施方案中,TLR选自脂磷壁酸;来自枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌0111:B4(E.coli 0111:B4),大肠杆菌K12(Escherichia coli K12)或金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的肽聚糖;非典型脂多糖(LPS)如细螺旋体(Leptospirosis)LPS和牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)LPS;合成的二酰化脂蛋白,例如FSL-1或Pam2CSK4;来自耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis)的脂酰阿拉伯甘露聚糖或脂甘露聚糖;三酰化脂蛋白,例如Pam3CSK4;脂蛋白例如来自支原体(mycoplasma)的MALP-2和MALP-404;伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)OspA;来自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(Neisseria meningitidis)或流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenza)的孔蛋白;耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia)LcrV;来自分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium)或结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)的脂甘露聚糖;克氏锥虫(Trypanosoma cruzi)GPI锚蛋白;曼氏裂体吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸;利什曼原虫脂磷聚糖(LPG);恶性疟原虫糖磷脂酰肌醇(GPI);和酵母聚糖。
在其他实施方案中,TLR选自牙龈卟啉单胞菌LPS、Pam3CSK4和来自枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌0111:B4(E.coli 0111:B4)、大肠杆菌K12(Escherichiacoli K12)或金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的肽聚糖。
在其他实施方案中,TLR选自牙龈卟啉单胞菌LPS和Pam3CSK4。在另一个实施方案中,TLR是Pam3CSK4。
III药物组合物
实施方案包括用于治疗过敏性和/或炎性应答的方法。其包括能够用于诱导或改变针对过敏原或抗原的免疫应答,以及针对患上由这样的自动免疫应答引起的病症或疾病的组合物,所述过敏原或抗原如多肽、肽、碳水化合物、脂类或其他分子或分子片段。
组合物通常将通过任何常见的途径给予。这包括但不限于肠胃外、原位、皮内、皮下、肌内、腹膜内、鼻内或静脉内注射。在某些实施方案中,疫苗组合物可以被吸入(例如,第6,651,655号美国专利,其通过引用具体地并入)。适合用于于其他给药方式的另外的制剂包括口服制剂。口服制剂包括通常使用的赋形剂,例如药物级的甘露醇、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、糖精钠、纤维素、碳酸镁等。这些组合物呈现溶液剂、混悬剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、缓释制剂或散剂的形式,并含有约10%至约95%的活性成分,优选含有约25%至约70%的活性成分。
通常,组合物以与剂型制剂相容的方式,并且以治疗有效和免疫改变的量给予。待给予的量取决于待治疗的受试者。需要给予的活性成分的精确的量取决于从业人员的判断。
应用方式可以差别很大。给予抗体的任何常规方法是适用的。认为这些包括在固态生理上可接受的基质上或在生理上可接受的分散体中的口服应用,通过注射经胃肠道外给予等。药物组合物的剂量将取决于给予途径并根据受试者的尺寸和健康状况变化。
在许多情况下,期望具有至多约或至少约3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10次或更多次的多次给药。给药可以间隔2天至12周,更通常间隔1至2周。给药过程之后可以进行同种异体活性免疫应答和T细胞活性的分析。
术语“药学上可接受的”或“药理学上可接受的”是指当给予动物或人时不产生不利的、过敏性或其他不良反应的分子实体和组合物。如本文所使用的,“药学上可接受的载体”包括任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗菌和抗真菌剂、等张剂和吸收延迟剂等。用于药物活性物质的这样的介质和药剂的用途在本领域中是熟知的。除了任何常规介质或药剂与活性成分不相容的情况以外,考虑其用于免疫原性和治疗组合物中。
抗体或抗原结合片段可以配制用于肠胃外给予,例如配制用于经静脉内、皮内、肌内、皮下或甚至腹膜内途径注射。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述组合物通过皮内注射给予。在另一个实施方案中,所述组合物通过静脉内注射给予。根据本发明,含有可操作地连接到改变受试者的免疫病症的TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或抗原结合片段的水性组合物的制备将是本领域技术人员已知的。通常,这样的组合物可以制备为作为液体溶液或混悬剂的注射剂;也可以制备为适用于在注射之前添加液体制备溶液或混悬剂的固体形式;并且,所述制剂也可以被乳化。
适用于可注射用途的药物形式包括无菌水溶液或分散体;包括芝麻油、花生油或含水丙二醇的制剂;和用于即时制备无菌可注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉末。在所有情况下,形式必须是无菌的,并且必须是流动的,到其可以容易地注射的程度。其在制造和储存条件下还应当是稳定的,并且必须针对微生物如细菌和真菌的污染作用进行防腐。
组合物可以配制成中性形式或盐形式。药学上可接受的盐,包括(由蛋白的游离氨基形成的)酸加成盐和与无机酸,例如盐酸或磷酸;或有机酸,如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸等形成的药学上可接受的盐。由游离羧基形成的盐也可以源自:无机碱,例如,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、氢氧化钙或氢氧化铁;和有机碱,如异丙胺、三甲胺、组氨酸、普鲁卡因等。
载体还可以是溶剂或分散介质,所述溶剂或分散介质包含例如,水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)、其适合的混合物和植物油。对微生物的作用的预防可以通过各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂来实现,例如,尼泊金、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等。在许多情况下,将优选包括等张剂,例如,糖或氯化钠。可注射的组合物的延长吸收可以通过在组合物中使用延长吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来实现。
无菌注射液的制备如下:根据需要在具有以上列举的各种其他成分的适合的溶剂中以所需量加入活性成分,接着是过滤灭菌。一般地,分散体的制备如下:将各种灭菌的活性成分加入无菌溶媒中,所述无菌溶媒含有基础分散介质和来自以上列举的那些的所需的其他成分。在用于制备无菌注射液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,其产生活性成分的粉末,加上来自其之前的无菌过滤溶液的任何另外希望的成分。
基于预期目标确定治疗或预防组合物的有效量。术语“单位剂量”或“剂量”是指适合在受试者中使用的物理上离散的单位,每个单位包含预定量的组合物,所述预定量的组合物经计算以产生与其给予,即适合的途径和方案相关联的以上讨论的期望的应答。根据治疗次数和单位剂量两者,待给予的量取决于期望的结果和/或保护。组合物的精确量还取决于从业人员的判断,并且对于每个个体是独特的。影响剂量的因素包括受试者的身体和临床状态,给予途径,预期的治疗目标(症状减轻还是治愈)以及具体组合物的效价、稳定性和毒性。在配制时,溶液将以与剂型制剂相容的方式且以治疗或预防有效的量给予。制剂以各种剂型,如上述的可注射的溶液的类型容易地给予。
在一些实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含抗原。在另外的实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含过敏原。在相关的实施方案中,所述过敏原源自尘螨。在一些实施方案中,可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段进一步可操作地连接到抗原或过敏原。在一些实施方案中,抗-Dectin-1抗体与抗原、过敏原或TLR的缀合未通过肽键。特别考虑的是本发明的实施方案包括在不连接到抗原或在药物组合物中没有抗原的情况下,可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
IV.联合治疗
所述组合物和相关方法,特别是可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或抗原结合片段的给予还可以与传统疗法的给予联合使用。这些包括但不限于过敏原免疫疗法、抗组胺剂、减充血剂、抗胆碱能的鼻过敏喷雾剂、甾体鼻喷雾剂、过敏滴眼液、白三烯抑制剂、肥大细胞抑制剂、过敏疫苗注射等。
抗体给予可以在其它治疗之前或之后,间隔数分钟至数周。在其他药剂分开给药的实施方案中,通常需要确保有效期在每次递送的时间之间不会到期,使得药剂和抗体仍然能够对受试者发挥有利的联合作用。在这种情况下,考虑两种给药模式可以彼此在约12-24小时内,更优选彼此在约6-12小时内给予。然而,在一些情况中,期望的是显著地延长给药的时间段,其中在各个的给药之间间隔几天(2、3、4、5、6或7天)至几周(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)。
将药物组合物给予患者/受试者将遵循给予这样的化合物的一般方案,考虑毒性,如果有的话。期望根据需要重复治疗周期。还考虑各种标准疗法,例如水合作用,可以与上述疗法联合应用。
V.体外或离体给予
如本文所使用的,术语体外给予是指对从受试者移出的细胞进行的操作或在受试者外部对细胞进行的操作,包括但不限于培养物中的细胞。术语离体给予是指已经在体外操作的细胞随后给予受试者。术语体内给予包括在受试者中进行的所有操作,包括给予。
在某些方面,组合物可以体外、离体或体内给予。在某些体外实施方案中,将自体T细胞与本文所述的组合物一起孵育。然后可以将细胞用于体外分析,或供选择地用于离体给予。
VI.治疗应用
一些实施方案包括用于由异常或升高的Th2型细胞应答介导的疾病或病症的治疗。可以给予可操作地连接到TLR的抗-dectin-1抗体或抗原结合片段以降低或改变患有、疑似患有过敏性或炎性病症,或处于患上过敏性或炎性病症的风险中的人的免疫应答。在某些情况下,过敏性或炎性病症是与致病的Th2型细胞应答相关的病症。可以对已经测试为对过敏原反应呈阳性的个体或被认为处于患上这样的病症或相关病症的风险的个体使用该方法。
实施方案可用于预防、治疗或改善许多过敏性或炎性疾病。非限制性实例包括哮喘、1型糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)、间质性肺病、慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive lung disease)、慢性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性肺炎、肺炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、特应症、过敏、过敏性鼻炎、特发性肺纤维化、硬皮病、肺气肿、乳腺癌和溃疡性结肠炎。过敏性障碍的非限制性实例包括过敏性特应症和皮炎,过敏性鼻炎,过敏性哮喘,对食物(例如牛奶、鸡蛋、小麦、坚果、鱼、贝类、亚硫酸盐、大豆和酪蛋白)、环境过敏原(如植物和动物过敏原,如皮屑、尘螨、花粉、雪松(cedar)、毒葛、毒栎,毒漆树等)、昆虫叮咬(例如蜜蜂、黄蜂、小黄蜂,大黄蜂或火蚁叮咬)的过敏性应答,枯草热,过敏结膜炎,荨麻疹,霉菌,药物过敏(如阿司匹林和青霉素)和化妆品过敏。
VII.实施例
包括以下实施例以展示某些实施方案。本领域技术人员将理解遵照本发明人发现的代表性技术的在实施例中公开的技术在本发明的实施中很好地发挥作用,因此可以视为构成用于其实施的优选方式。然而。本领域技术人员根据本发明应理解,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,在公开的具体实施方案中可以作出许多变化,并且仍然获得相同或相似的结果。
过敏原诱导的致病性免疫应答是多种类型的过敏性疾病的主要原因,包括过敏性特应症和皮炎、过敏性鼻炎和过敏性哮喘。这样的过敏性免疫障碍的病理生理学是复杂的,并且通常与几种因素相关,例如遗传易感性、年龄、过敏原暴露的途径和剂量。申请人假设使用Th2途径的免疫调节剂的治疗方法代表了治疗这样的过敏性疾病的合理策略。然而,当前靶向个体效应分子的策略(例如针对Th2细胞因子的受体拮抗剂和可溶性受体以及中和单克隆抗体(mAb))可能不足以解决复杂的Th2-驱动的过敏性免疫障碍。尽管数十年来,特异性免疫治疗(SIT)已经成为过敏症专科医师的护理标志,但是对其临床效果、治疗期和社会经济后果仍然有相当大的争议。
因此,需要可以有效地控制过敏原特异性Th2-型免疫应答的新策略。树突细胞(DC)是主要的抗原呈递细胞(APC),其可以通过形成抗原特异性CD4+T细胞的类型诱导并控制宿主免疫应答。具体地,申请人的数据已显示,通过不同的凝集素样受体(LLR)激活的人DC可以以不同的方式对抗原特异性T细胞的质量和数量重编程。在测试的多个LLR中,Dectin-1显示下调Th2-型T细胞应答的独特功能。这适用于记忆和初始CD4+T细胞两者。此外,使用Dectin-1配体(凝胶多糖:从气杆菌属(Aerobacterium)提取的β-葡聚糖聚合物)处理过敏性患者PBMC,导致Th2-型T细胞应答显著下调(图12-13)。因此,推测靶向在APC上,特别是DC上表达的Dectin-1和TLR,将使我们能够控制过敏原特异性Th2-型T细胞应答,随后降低IgE。
实施例1:抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物能够抑制Th2型炎性T细胞应答
抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物结合到人抗原递呈细胞。为了测试和开发该治疗策略,产生了激动性抗-人Dectin-1mAb,其与在非人灵长类动物(NHP)中的Dectin-1交叉反应。根据图1,将抗体缀合于Pam3(又称为Pam3CSK4)。使用10μg/ml的对照抗体、抗-Dectin-1抗体和抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物在4℃下孵育健康供体的PBMC 20分钟。清洗细胞并使用FITC标记的山羊抗-小鼠IgG染色。然后使用标志物针对B(CD19)、T(CD3)、单核细胞(CD14)和髓样树突细胞(mDC:Lin-HLA-DR+CD11c+CD123-)进一步将细胞染色。通过流式细胞术评估抗-Dectin-1和抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物与不同的细胞类型的结合。如图2所示,抗Dectin-1和抗Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物同样地结合抗原呈递细胞(B、单核细胞和mDC),但没有结合不表达Dectin-1的T细胞。总之,我们的数据表明抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物可以有效地靶向人的抗原呈递细胞。
抗Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物比单独的抗Dectin-1或Pam3更有效地激活mDC和PBMC。接下来,比较抗Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物的生物活性与单独的Pam3和抗Dectin-1抗体的生物活性(图3)。在指定浓度的试剂存在下,将5×105个PBMC和2×105个mDC孵育过夜,然后通过ELISA评估培养物上清液中IL-10的量。在PBMC(图3中的左图)和mDC(图3中的右图)培养物两者中,抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物远远比Pam3更有效地诱导IL-10分泌。单独的抗-Dectin-1抗体的可溶形式不诱导PBMC或DC分泌IL-10(数据未显示)。这些结果还表明抗-Dectin-1-Pam3可以将Pam3有效地递送至抗原呈递细胞以刺激它们。
抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物能够抑制TSLP诱导的OX40L在mDC上的表达。过敏原和呼吸道病毒诱导上皮细胞分泌TSLP,其能够上调DC上的OX40L的表达。OX40L在DC诱导的过敏性Th2型炎性T细胞应答的引发中起关键作用。因此,测试了抗-Dectin-1-Pam3能否抑制TSLP诱导的OX40L在mDC上的表达(图4)。与在培养基中培养过夜的mDC相比,与TSLP一起培养的mDC表达的CD86(活化标志物)和OX40L增加。抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物能够促进TSLP诱导的mDC的活化(通过观察CD86表达),而它减少了TSLP诱导的OX40L在mDC上的表达。单独的抗Dectin-1抗体或Pam3的任一可溶形式不能改变TSLP-诱导的OX40L表达。因此,预期抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物能够有效抑制由TSLP-激活的DC引起的Th2型T细胞应答。
抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物处理导致TSLP激活的mDC诱导的Th2型T细胞应答的抑制。接下来测试抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物是否能够确实抑制TSLP激活的mDC诱导的Th2型T细胞应答。在存在或不存在相同浓度(20μg/ml)的抗-Dectin-1-Pam3缀合物、抗-Dectin-1和Pam3的组合或Pam3的情况下,将5×103个mDC与TSLP一起培养过夜。然后将2×105个纯化的初始CD4+T细胞加入到培养物中。7天后,在布雷菲德菌素A的存在下,使用PMA/离子霉素刺激T细胞6小时。然后针对IL-13(Th2型细胞因子)和IFNγ(Th2型细胞因子)的细胞内表达将细胞染色。如图5中示出,抗-Dectin-1-Pam3导致IL-13+CD4+T细胞应答降低(0.842%)。抗-Dectin-1和Pam3的组合或单独的Pam3不降低Th2型T细胞应答(分别为3.3.24%或3.47%)。图5表明缀合物降低Th2-型T细胞应答,而非缀合的抗-dectin-1和Pam3的共同给予没有降低Th2型T细胞应答。
实施例2:研究在体外抗-hDectin-1Pam3缀合物处理是否下调Th2-型T细胞应答和IgE水平
可以使用来自患者的PBMC在体外测试抗-hDectin-1mAb的有效性。在该实施例中,可以靶向在点刺测试(prick test)中对豚草过敏原具有反应性的患者。通过靶向这组患者,将评估过敏原特异性和总T细胞应答两者。还可以测量过敏原特异性和总Ig水平。总T细胞应答和总Ig,尤其是IgE水平的评估可以帮助预测抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物在其他的过敏原特异性免疫应答的下调中的有效性。通常,对一种过敏原过敏的患者在皮肤试验中也显示对不同过敏原的过敏性反应。
可以使用以下方法来测试缀合物的体外有效性。可以使用来自20位过敏患者的全血(每个患者60-80ml),所述患者在点刺测试中对豚草过敏原显示阳性反应。然后可以制备PBMC和血清。豚草过敏原特异性T细胞应答可以如之前所述进行评估(CAMPBELL,J.D.等人CLIN EXP ALLERGY 40,1025-1035,(2010))。简而言之,在缀合于Pam3的抗-h Dectin-1mAb、对照mAb、凝胶多糖存在下或没有它们存在下,将200μL的5×106个细胞/ml的PBMC培养物在没有抗原、脱脂豚草过敏原提取物或amb a 1的96孔板中孵育7天。小鼠和嵌合抗-hDectin-1mAb都具有结合并激活DC的相似能力(数据未显示)。抗原特异性T细胞在体外培养之前和之后的数量和质量可以使用多色流式细胞仪(LSR II),通过CD154和细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-10、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、TNF2和IFNγ)的ICS评估。通过Luminex测量体外培养之前和之后,48小时刺激PBMC后在培养物上清液中分泌的细胞因子和趋化因子。可以使用豚草过敏原和植物凝集素(PHA)刺激PBMC用于ICS和Luminex。将通过ELISA评估血清中的总的Ig和豚草抗原特异性Ig(IgM、IgG、IgA和IgE)。可以使用来自年龄和性别匹配的健康者的血清作为对照。将如所述地操作在96孔板中的PBMC培养物用于T细胞应答。在第12天,通过ELISA评估培养物上清液中的总的Ig水平和抗原特异性Ig水平。可以对T和B细胞应答进行几项比较。这些可以包括:1)可以比较对照和抗-h Dectin-1 mAb Pam3缀合物之间的总的和过敏原特异性Th2-型应答的水平。然后,可以比较抗-hDectin-1 mAb Pam3缀合物下调Th2-型应答的能力与凝胶多糖或凝胶多糖加Pam3(未缀合的)下调Th2-型应答的能力;2)可以通过使用ICS和Luminex数据评估不同类型的T细胞的百分比和量级来比较体外培养之前和之后总的和过敏原特异性T细胞的数量和质量。可以通过评估表达单个细胞因子和组合的T细胞来测量每种类型的T细胞的相对量级;3)可以比较两组,对照和抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物中总的Ig和过敏原特异性Ig,特别是IgE的水平。然后,可以比较抗-hDectin-1-Pam3处理过的组中的Ig水平与凝胶多糖处理过的组(或凝胶多糖+Pam3处理过的组)中的Ig水平;4)可以进行不同类型的T细胞应答水平与Ig同种型水平之间的关联的比较性分析;和5)可以比较抗-hDectin-1-Pam3在抗原存在和不存在下的总体有效性。
预期抗-hDectin-1-Pam3处理将下调总的和
实施例3:研究在NHP中抗-hDectin-1-Pam3处理下调Th2-型免疫应答并控制过敏性特应症。
抗-hDectin-1mAb(15E2)与NHP中的Dectin-1交叉反应,但不与小鼠中的Dectin-1交叉反应。这使得能够测试抗-hDectin-1mAb-Pam3在NHP的过敏性特应症模型中的有效性。因为表达Dectin-1的DC主要定位在人(Ni,等人,2010)和猴皮肤的真皮中,可以使用皮内途径注射mAb缀合物和HDMA混合物。作为在过敏性疾病模型中测试抗-h Dectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物的第一步,将包括抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物的额外的静脉内注射。这将激活血mDC,导致Th2-型免疫应答的进一步下调。预期抗-hDectin-1-Pam3将在过敏原共注射或不共注射的情况下都有效。在某些实施方案中,可以同时注射抗-h Dectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物和过敏原。这可以帮助我们通过比较单独注射过敏原后的过敏原特异性免疫应答和治疗效果,来评估过敏原特异性免疫应答和治疗效果。
可以采用以下方法来测试缀合物的体内有效性。可以通过皮肤测试(用于人应用的商业皮肤测试试剂盒)筛选年轻成年恒河猴(猕猴(Macaca mulatta),雌性,年龄3-5岁)。可以选择HDMA+动物。动物可以通过皮下注射25μg在明矾中的房尘螨(Dermatophagoidesfarinae)过敏原(HDMA:Greer Labs)和皮内注射DtaP敏化。所有的动物可以通过皮下注射25μg在明矾中的HDMA加强四次(Schelegle等人,2001;Seshasayee等人,2007)。敏化作用可以通过皮肤试验和通过测量血清Ig水平来确认。每只动物可以在第11-13周在两个位点以一周的间隔接受三个剂量的25μg的在PBS中的HDMA。相同的动物可以在第15-17周在两个位点皮内注射三个剂量在PBS中的25μg的HDMA和1mg的抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物加上静脉注射1mg抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物。在第1、0、2、4、6、8、11、13、15、17、18和20周,可以在ACD管中收集血液样品(在每个采样日期每只动物为7-10ml)。可以制备PBMC和血清。在第14和18周,动物可以接受每个位点12.5μg的HDMA(每只动物4个位点)的皮内注射,并且可以测量皮肤反应。也可以在48-72h后进行皮肤活检,并且可以在OCT培养基中冷冻每只动物的2份活检。在使用500μl的PBS清洗小片后,另外两份活检可以用于测量IgE水平。可以通过Luminex评估血清细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、TNFα和IFNα)。可以通过先前已知的方法通过ELISA(Schelegle,等人,2001;Seshasayee等人,2007)评估总的和HDMA特异性Ig水平。合并的人HDMA IgE-阳性血清(RAST测试为高水平)可以用作阳性对照。阴性对照可以由PBS和来自HDMA皮肤试验阴性动物的血清组成。在存在或不存在50μg的SEB的情况下,将使用商业富集试剂盒富集的PBMC和T细胞孵育过夜。可以通过Luminex测量在培养物上清液中的细胞因子。可以针对细胞内的IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、IL-21、IL-22、TNFα和IFNα对T细胞染色。可以针对DC(Park等人,2008;Gros等人,2009)、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和记忆/初始T细胞染色(Park等,2008;Gros等人,2009;Simon等人,2011;Spergel等人,2005;Langeveld-Wildschut等人,1996;Hogan等人,2008;Menzies-Gow等人,2002;Gaga,等人,2008)对冷冻的皮肤活检的切片染色。可以评估以下:1)可以比较致敏之前和之后,3个剂量的HDMA(对照组)之后,和3个剂量的HDMA加抗-hDectin-1mAb Pam3缀合物(实验组)之后的血清IgE水平;2)可以在每个时间点评估和比较血清细胞因子水平;3)可以在每个时间点比较表达单一细胞因子和组合,特别是IL-17和Th2-型细胞因子的T细胞的频率;4)可以在每个时间点比较由总PBMC和富集的T细胞群分泌的细胞因子的量;5)可以比较浸润到皮肤中的DC、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的频率;6)可以评估和比较在HDMA注射后的第14和18周的皮肤反应和IgE。
考虑抗-hDectin-1-Pam3处理预期导致Th2-型T细胞应答、IgE水平、淋巴细胞浸润和皮肤反应降低。
实施例4:TLR缀合物合成。
本实施例显示TLR2、Pam3-CSK4与抗体的缀合。
H2NSK4CK-生物素树脂和PAM3Cys-OH之间的肽偶联(方案1)
方案1:
在干净的反应瓶中,使用0.6ml二氯甲烷溶解PAM3Cys-OH(60mg,0.07mmol)。加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.02ml,0.11mmol)、COMU(28mg,0.07mmol)和DMF(0.2ml)。充分振荡混合物后,使反应瓶静置20分钟。加入H2NSK4CK-生物素树脂(14.1mg),使反应进行20小时,伴随偶尔摇动。将树脂过滤(使用DMF冲洗到多孔玻璃漏斗上)并转移到另一个瓶中。将裂解混合物(561μL TFA、31μL水、18μL三异丙基硅烷)加到在该瓶中的树脂。在偶尔摇动瓶3小时后,使用玻璃棉堵塞的巴斯德吸管过滤树脂,蒸发滤液,得到7.3mg产物(PAM3CSK4CK-生物素)。在图6中显示产物的色谱图和质谱。
PAM3-生物素-DBCO的合成(方案2)
方案2:
将DBCO-PEG4-马来酰亚胺(2mg,3μmol)溶于0.4ml DMSO中。加入PAM3CSK4CK-生物素(如在上面方案1中合成的;7.3mg,3μmol)和三乙胺(7.3μL,52μmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌40小时。产物的提取色谱图在图7中显示。在656.4527处观察到未反应的肽。预计理论质量为656.4547。在675.3020处观察到未反应的交联剂,并预测其具有675.3032的理论质量。在881.2185处观察到产物,预测其具有881.2194的理论质量。(注意,肽和产物是带三电荷的,并且使用1.008的质子质量)。提取的色谱图显示少量未反应的肽和交联剂以及产物。(未反应的肽与产物共洗脱,因此其显示在分开的色谱图上)。关于峰面积-未反应的肽为8.6%,未反应的交联剂为4.49%,产物为86.91%。
PAM3-生物素-DBCO分子与抗体的偶联(方案3)
方案3:
PAM3-生物素-DBCO分子与抗体的偶联(方案4)
方案4:
然后将PAM3-生物素-DBCO与抗体缀合。将93.7μL在DMSO中的1mM NHS-PEG3500-叠氮化物(66.7nmol)和288μL的5.2mg/ml IgG(6.67nmol)加到862μL的PBS(方案3)。将溶液在避光保护下在冰上孵育2小时。用2μL的2M Tris缓冲液淬灭反应,并在冰上孵育15分钟。将反应混合物在PBS中在7,000MWCO slide-a-lyzer上透析以除去过量的未反应的NHS酯。向透析的IgG-PEG3500-叠氮化物产物加入28.1μL的1mM PAM3-生物素-DBCO工作溶液(20nmol)(方案4)。将该混合物在4℃下孵育24小时。将反应混合物在PBS中在7,000MWCOslide-a-lyzer上透析以除去未反应的PAM3-生物素-DBCO。
实施例5:Pam3CSK4和NHS-PEG-叠氮化物缀合和Dectin
以下方法可用于Pam3CSK4与Dectin抗体的缀合。
187.5μL在DMSO中的1mM NHS-膦(187.5nmol)可以与552.5μL的在1238μL的DPBS中的5.22mg/ml的抗-hDectin-1抗体(18.8nmol)混合。然后可以将混合物在避光保护下在冰上孵育2小时。反应可以用2uL 2M Tris缓冲液淬灭,然后可以在冰上孵育15分钟。可以使用7,000MWCO slide-a-lyzer在DPBS中除去过量的未反应的NHS酯。然后可以在大于7的pH下,将85μL在无内毒素水中的664μM的PAM3CSK4(56.4nmol)和85μL在DPBS中的664μM的NHS-PEG-叠氮化物(56.4nmol)加到1,307μL DPBS中。然后可以将该反应混合物在冰上孵育2小时。接下来,可以加入膦酰化的抗-hDectin-1抗体,然后可以将混合物在冰上孵育二十四小时。然后可以使用7,000MWCO slide-a-lyzer除去未反应的Pam3-PEG-叠氮化物分子。
实施例6:αDectin-1-Pam3缀合物在控制TH2应答中的有效性的临床前评估
Dectin-1是模式识别受体,其有助于针对某些真菌和细菌感染的先天性和适应性免疫。以前,申请人已经显示通过Dectin-1和TLR2的信号协同激活DC,导致TH2应答的降低。在该实施例中,申请人已制备了α-hDectin-1-Pam3CSK4(Pam3)缀合物,并测试了其在人体外和非人灵长类动物(NHP)体内抑制TH2应答的有效性。
将TLR2-L加入Dectin-1的激活导致HA-1特异性Th2-型CD4+T细胞应答的降低。将CFSE标记的CD4+T细胞与负载有单独的αDectin-1-HA或αDectin-1-HA加上TLR2-L的DC共培养7天。用HA1肽再刺激T细胞,并通过Luminex分析细胞因子水平(图8A)。如图8B中示出,将TLR2-L加入Dectin-1的激活导致IFN-γ增加,IL-13减少,IL-17产生增加(图8B)。
如图1所示,接头连接到pam3CSK4以帮助增加溶解度并防止多个pam3分子交联。将膦基团加入到α-Dectin-1,然后其可以与Pam3CSK3上游离的叠氮基反应,从而产生两种化合物之间的缀合。
在PBMC中测试抗体和pam3缀合物的结合能力,并测试具有滴定量的αDectin-1、pam3或αDectin-1-pam3的TLR2报告细胞的TLR2信号传导活性。如图2中示出,αDectin-1-pam3没有损失结合(图2A)并且具有相对未改变的TLR2活性(图2B)。接下来,将PBMC(图9A)和mDC(图9B)培养24至48小时,然后收集上清液用于Luminex分析。αDectin-1-Pam3以滴定依赖性方式激活细胞(图9A-B)。
接下来,首先从血沉棕黄层中纯化mDC,然后与20ng/mL TSLP和100ng/mL pam3、100μg/mL抗-dectin-1或10μg/mL-αDectin-1-pam3中任一种一起培养。收获细胞并在48小时后染色。如图4A-B中示出,αDectin-1-pam3缀合物可以减少血液mDC上TSLP诱导的OX40L表达。图4A显示mDC染色,图4B示出了汇编结果。
接下来,测试Th2-型T细胞。首先用40ng/mL的TSLP和20μg/mL的αdectin-1或αDectin-1-pam3预致敏mDC。24小时后,将初始CD4+T细胞加入mDC,再培养6天。在使用PMA/离子霉素刺激6小时和用布雷菲德菌素A刺激4小时的细胞中,通过细胞内染色来分析细胞内细胞因子水平(图10A)。通过用αCD3/CD28珠刺激细胞48小时来测量细胞上清液的细胞因子水平(图10B)。如图10中示出,αDectin-1-pam3缀合物可以降低TSLP-mDC诱导的TH2-型CD4+T细胞应答,同时促进TH1和TH17-型CD4+T细胞应答。
最后,在HDMA反应性恒河猴中测试HDMA特异性血清IgE。通过使动物对HDMA敏化,产生用于特应症(atropy)的NHP模型(图11A)。然后测量HDMA特异性血清IgE。αDectin-1Pam3处理降低体内HDMA特异性血清IgE(图11B)。图14显示来自在该实验过程中采集的这些动物的血清的细胞内细胞因子信号传导。
这些结果显示通过Dectin-1和TLR2伴随激活DC可以显著降低TH2应答,同时在体外轻微增强人体中的TH1和TH17应答。此外,αDectin-1-pam3可以降低非人灵长类动物体内的HDMA特异性血清IgE应答。αDectin-1-pam3缀合物可以是TH2驱动的炎性疾病的新的治疗候选物。
* * *
特别考虑的是,本发明的实施方案可以包括在整个说明书中列出的一个或多个要素或者排除在整个说明书中列出的一个或多个要素。例如,具体的实施方案可以包括如本文所述的一个具体的TLR或本发明的实施方案可以包括本领域已知的和/或本文描述的一类TLR或2种或更多种TLR。本发明还可以排除所列出的要素(如具体的TLR或具体种类的TLR)。此外,当提供范围或数值时,特别考虑某些范围或数值可以从本发明排除。最后,当使用包括特定特征的术语描述本发明时,特别考虑本发明也可以排除这样的特征。
本文公开并要求保护的所有方法可以依照本发明在不需过度的实验的情况下形成和实施。尽管本发明的组合物和方法已经就优选的实施方案进行描述,但对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以在不背离本发明的构思、精神和范围的情况下,对本文描述的方法和在所述方法的步骤中或者步骤的顺序中进行变化。更具体地,将显而易见的是,某些化学和生理上均相关的试剂可以代替本文所述的试剂,同时将实现相同或相似的结果。所有这样的对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的类似替代和修改被视为在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神、范围及构思之内。
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序列表
<110> 吴相坤
B·凯恩
G·祖拉夫斯基
<120> 用于治疗过敏和炎性疾病的方法和组合物
<130> BHCS.P0417WO
<140> 未知
<141> 2015-06-02
<150> 62/006,575
<151> 2014-06-02
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<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 12
Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr
20 25 30
Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45
Lys Tyr Ala Ala Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Gly Val Glu Pro
65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Tyr
85 90 95
Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
100
<210> 13
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 13
Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Asn Tyr Asp Ile Ser
1 5 10
<210> 14
<211> 16
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 14
Val Met Trp Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Asn Tyr Asn Ser Ala Phe Met Ser
1 5 10 15
<210> 15
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 15
Asp Ala Val Arg Tyr Trp Asn Phe Asp Val
1 5 10
<210> 16
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 16
Arg Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Tyr Ile His
1 5 10
<210> 17
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 17
Ala Thr Ser His Leu Ala Ser
1 5
<210> 18
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 18
Cys Gln Gln Trp Ser Ser Asn Pro Phe Thr
1 5 10
<210> 19
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 19
Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Thr Tyr Thr Met His
1 5 10
<210> 20
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 20
Tyr Ile Asn Pro Ser Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe Lys
1 5 10 15
Asp
<210> 21
<211> 12
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 21
Glu Arg Ala Val Leu Val Pro Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr
1 5 10
<210> 22
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 22
Thr Ala Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Tyr Met His
1 5 10
<210> 23
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 23
Ser Thr Ser Ile Leu Ala Ser
1 5
<210> 24
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 24
Gln Gln Arg Ser Ser Ser Pro Phe Thr
1 5
<210> 25
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 25
Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Gly Tyr Asn Met Asn
1 5 10
<210> 26
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 26
Asn Ile Asp Pro Tyr Tyr Gly Asp Thr Asn Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe Lys
1 5 10 15
Gly
<210> 27
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 27
Pro Tyr Gly Ser Glu Ala Tyr Phe Ala Tyr
1 5 10
<210> 28
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 28
Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Tyr Leu His
1 5 10
<210> 29
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 29
Tyr Ala Ala Gln Ser Ile Ser
1 5
<210> 30
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 30
Gln Asn Gly His Ser Phe Pro Tyr Thr
1 5
Claims (117)
1.一种用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的缀合于Pam3CSK4的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
2.一种用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
3.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述TLR激动剂选自TLR2、TLR7和TLR8激动剂。
4.权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述TLR激动剂是TLR2激动剂。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述TLR2激动剂是Pam3CSK4。
6.权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述TLR激动剂是TLR7或TLR8激动剂。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述TLR激动剂选自ssRNA和R848。
8.权利要求2-7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述TLR缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
9.权利要求1或8所述的方法,其中所述TLR化学缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合dectin-1并激活dectin-1。
11.权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合并激活在抗原递呈细胞上的dectin-1。
12.权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述抗原递呈细胞是树突细胞。
13.权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞在血液中。
14.权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞在外周血中。
15.权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞是真皮树突细胞。
16.权利要求12-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞是髓样树突细胞。
17.权利要求12-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞分泌IL-12。
18.权利要求12-16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述树突细胞是mDC-1细胞。
19.权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合片段结合人dectin-1。
20.权利要求1-19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段是人抗体、人源化抗体、重组抗体、嵌合抗体、抗体衍生物、镶饰抗体、双特异抗体、单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。
21.权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
22.权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述抗体是人源化抗体。
23.权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述抗体是小鼠/人嵌合抗体。
24.权利要求1-23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括可变区,所述可变区包括选自SEQ ID NO:2、4、6、8、10和12的序列的氨基酸序列。
25.权利要求1-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:13-30中任一个的氨基酸序列的CDR。
26.权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:13-15的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ ID NO:16-18的氨基酸序列。
27.权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:19-21的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ ID NO:22-24的氨基酸序列。
28.权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:25-27的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ ID NO:28-30的氨基酸序列。
29.权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体包括具有选自SEQ ID NO:1、3、5、7、9和11的序列的氨基酸序列的重链或轻链。
30.权利要求1-29中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段包括γ4恒定区。
31.权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述γ4恒定区包括在残基235处的亮氨酸被谷氨酸替换。
32.权利要求30或31所述的方法,其中所述γ4恒定区包括在铰链区中的残基228处的丝氨酸被脯氨酸替换。
33.权利要求1-32中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者是人受试者。
34.权利要求1-33中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者患有2型糖尿病或处在患上2型糖尿病的风险中。
35.权利要求1-33中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者具有过敏性障碍。
36.权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述过敏性障碍是TH2-介导的过敏性障碍。
37.权利要求1-36中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者具有TH2介导的炎性障碍。
38.权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述TH2介导的炎性障碍选自例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、间质性肺病、慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、嗜酸粒细胞性肺炎、肺炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、特应症、过敏、过敏性鼻炎、特发性肺纤维化、硬皮病、肺气肿、乳腺癌和溃疡性结肠炎。
39.权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述TH2介导的炎性障碍是乳腺癌。
40.权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述TH2介导的炎性障碍是溃疡性结肠炎。
41.权利要求35或36所述的方法,其中所述可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗体或其抗原结合片段在过敏性反应发作之前给予。
42.权利要求35或36所述的方法,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合片段在过敏性反应发作之后给予。
43.权利要求1-42中任一项所述的方法,其中以有效增加所述受试者中的Th1、Th17和Treg细胞中的一种或多种的量给予所述可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
44.权利要求1-43中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体通过皮内注射给予。
45.权利要求1-43中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体通过静脉内注射给予。
46.权利要求1-45中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段还包括修饰。
47.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是在VH和/或VL CDR 1、CDR 2和/或CDR 3区内的保守的氨基酸突变。
48.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是在Fc铰链区中的保守的氨基酸突变。
49.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是聚乙二醇化。
50.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于血清蛋白。
51.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于人血清白蛋白。
52.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于可检测的标记。
53.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于诊断试剂。
54.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于酶。
55.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于荧光、发光或生物发光材料。
56.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于放射性材料。
57.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述修饰是缀合于治疗剂。
58.权利要求1-57中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体以药物组合物给予。
59.权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物不包含抗原或过敏原。
60.权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述药物组合物基本上由可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段组成。
61.权利要求1-60中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合片段未缀合于抗原。
62.权利要求1-61中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗体未缀合于锚定蛋白或粘连蛋白分子。
63.一种药物组合物,其包括治疗有效量的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
64.权利要求63所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR激动剂选自TLR2、TLR7和TLR8激动剂。
65.权利要求64所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR激动剂是TLR2激动剂。
66.权利要求65所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR2激动剂是Pam3CSK4。
67.权利要求64所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR激动剂是TLR7或TLR8激动剂。
68.权利要求67所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR激动剂选自ssRNA和R848。
69.权利要求63-68中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
70.权利要求69所述的药物组合物,其中所述TLR化学缀合于抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
71.权利要求63-70中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合dectin-1并激活dectin-1。
72.权利要求71所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段特异性结合并激活在抗原递呈细胞上的dectin-1。
73.权利要求72所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗原递呈细胞是树突细胞。
74.权利要求73所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞在血液中。
75.权利要求74所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞在外周血中。
76.权利要求73所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞是真皮树突细胞。
77.权利要求73-76中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞是髓样树突细胞。
78.权利要求73-77中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞分泌IL-12。
79.权利要求73-77中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述树突细胞是mDC-1细胞。
80.权利要求71-79中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合片段结合人dectin-1。
81.权利要求63-80中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段是人抗体、人源化抗体、重组抗体、嵌合抗体、抗体衍生物、镶饰抗体、双特异抗体、单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。
82.权利要求81所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
83.权利要求81所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是人源化抗体。
84.权利要求81所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体是小鼠/人嵌合抗体。
85.权利要求63-44中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括可变区,所述可变区包括选自SEQ ID NO:2、4、6、8、10和12的序列的氨基酸序列。
86.权利要求63-85中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括具有对应于SEQ IDNO:13-30中任一个的氨基酸序列的CDR。
87.权利要求63-86中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:13-15的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ IDNO:16-18的氨基酸序列。
88.权利要求63-86中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:19-21的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ IDNO:22-24的氨基酸序列。
89.权利要求63-86中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括重链和轻链,所述重链包括具有对应于SEQ ID NO:25-27的氨基酸序列的CDR,所述轻链具有对应于SEQ IDNO:28-30的氨基酸序列。
90.权利要求63-86中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体包括具有选自SEQ IDNO:1、3、5、7、9和11的序列的氨基酸序列的重链或轻链。
91.权利要求63-90中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段包括γ4恒定区。
92.权利要求91所述的方法,其中所述γ4恒定区包括在残基235处的亮氨酸被谷氨酸替换。
93.权利要求91或92所述的药物组合物,其中所述γ4恒定区包括在铰链区中的残基228处的丝氨酸被脯氨酸替换。
94.权利要求63-93中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中以有效增加所述受试者中的Th1、Th17和Treg细胞中的一种或多种的量给予所述可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
95.权利要求63-94中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中配制所述组合物用于皮内注射。
96.权利要求63-94中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中配制所述组合物用于静脉内注射。
97.权利要求63-96中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体或抗原结合片段还包括修饰。
98.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是在VH和/或VL CDR 1、CDR 2和/或CDR 3区内的保守的氨基酸突变。
99.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是在Fc铰链区中的保守的氨基酸突变。
100.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是聚乙二醇化。
101.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于血清蛋白。
102.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于人血清白蛋白。
103.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于可检测的标记。
104.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于诊断试剂。
105.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于酶。
106.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于荧光、发光或生物发光材料。
107.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于放射性材料。
108.权利要求97所述的药物组合物,其中所述修饰是缀合于治疗剂。
109.权利要求63-108中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物不包含抗原或过敏原。
110.权利要求63-109中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物基本上由可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段组成。
111.权利要求63-110中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合片段未缀合于抗原。
112.权利要求63-111中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗体未缀合于锚定蛋白或粘连蛋白分子。
113.一种用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的根据权利要求63-112中任一项所述的药物组合物。
114.一种用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的根据权利要求63-112中任一项所述的药物组合物。
115.一种用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍的方法,其包括给予所述受试者治疗有效量的根据权利要求63-112中任一项所述的药物组合物。
116.一种制备用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍、用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平和/或用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的药物的可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段。
117.一种可操作地连接到TLR激动剂的抗-Dectin-1抗体或其抗原结合片段用于预防或治疗有其需要的受试者的过敏性障碍、用于降低有其需要的受试者的IgE水平和/或用于降低有其需要的受试者的Th2-型细胞应答的用途。
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CN110831628A (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2020-02-21 | 爱乐科斯公司 | 用于治疗过敏性眼病的方法和组合物 |
CN111032087A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-04-17 | 小利兰·斯坦福大学托管委员会 | 用于dectin-2刺激和癌症免疫治疗的方法和组合物 |
CN112480244A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 华科同济干细胞基因工程有限公司 | 一种抗过敏性纳米抗体组合物、抗体测定方法及喷雾剂 |
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US11135223B2 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2021-10-05 | Yale University | Compositions and methods for inhibiting Dkk-1 |
IL263616B1 (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2024-09-01 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Antibody-adjuvant conjugates |
US11007256B2 (en) | 2016-09-26 | 2021-05-18 | The University Of Toledo | Synthetic lipopeptide vaccines and immunotherapeutics |
WO2018112108A1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Antibody adjuvant conjugates |
AU2020241686A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2021-11-04 | Bolt Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Immunoconjugates targeting HER2 |
AU2020407871A1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-06-30 | Nammi Therapeutics, Inc. | Formulated and/or co-formulated liposome compositions containing toll-like receptor ("TLR") agonist prodrugs useful in the treatment of cancer and methods thereof |
CN117426352B (zh) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-03-08 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | 一种间质性肺病变动物模型的构建方法与应用 |
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IL249098A0 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
US20170095573A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
AU2015270845A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
AU2015270845B2 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
EP3148575B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
JP2017525655A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
CA2950293A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP3148575A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
WO2015187637A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP3148575A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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