CN106443774A - Method for improving pre-stack depth migration imaging precision of irregular earth surface - Google Patents
Method for improving pre-stack depth migration imaging precision of irregular earth surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the pre-stack depth migration imaging precision of an irregular earth surface. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an earth surface elevation surface according to real earth surface elevation of seismic exploration observation data which are acquired in a work area, performing small smoothing on the earth surface elevation surface, and taking the smoothed earth surface elevation small smooth surface as a pre-stack depth migration surface; performing tomographic inversion iteration by adopting dune-curve shooting first arrival time to solve a shallow layer velocity model, wherein the starting position where the final shallow layer velocity model travels is consistent with the pre-stack depth migration surface; solving a low-frequency static correction quantity corresponding to a surface layer low velocity band in the shallow layer velocity model; removing the low-frequency static correction quantity from migration input data; moving the migration input data onto the pre-stack depth migration surface in a time direction; acquiring a mid-deep layer velocity model, and fusing the shallow layer velocity model and the mid-deep layer velocity model to obtain an initial pre-stack depth migration velocity model. According to the method, the pre-stack depth migration imaging precision can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum gas seismic prospecting investigation field, more particularly, is related to a kind of seismic data process
The prestack depth migration method of aspect, the seism processing for being mainly used in petroleum gas seismic prospecting is explained.
Background technology
At present, with the high speed development of computer hardware technique, pre-stack depth migration has been widely used for earthquake and surveys
Migration and imaging techniques field is visited, in complicated earth surface, intricately abdomen tectonic earthquake data imaging side face has exclusive advantage, becomes
The key technology of geological data imaging processing.
Pre-stack depth migration classify from algorithm more, but apply at present more main include two kinds, i.e., kirchhoff is inclined
Move and round trip wave equation (inverse time) skew.Wherein kirchhoff skew is most widely used in production, more than more than 95%
Pre-stack depth migration all completed using kirchhoff migration algorithm.
Pre-stack depth migration algorithm difference is compared, pre-stack depth migration input data and rate pattern are more important.Folded at present
Front depth migration input data is for have passed through prestack preprocessing (prestack denoising, the amplitude processing, deconvolution), static correction, data rule
Then change etc. process road collection.In terms of velocity model building, integrated approach is more, mainly has and is set up just based on pre-stack time migration
Beginning rate pattern, Seismology and Geology are combined sets up initial velocity model, tomographic inversion shallow velocity model, shallow mid-deep strata fusion speed
Model, grid tomographic inversion rate pattern etc..
Content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to solving in deficiencies of the prior art
At least one.For example, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind can improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision
Method.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of side for improving relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision
Method, the method comprising the steps of：Real surface elevation according to the seismic prospecting observation data for gathering in work area sets up ground
Table elevation face, the earth's surface elevation face is carried out little smooth, and will smooth after the little even surface of earth's surface elevation as prestack depth
Offset plane；Tomographic inversion iteration is carried out using artillery first arrival time shallow velocity model is asked for, final shallow velocity model travelling
When starting position consistent with the pre-stack depth migration face；Ask in the shallow velocity model corresponding to the weathering zone of top layer
Low frequency static correction value；The low frequency static correction value is removed in skew input data；Input data will be offset on time orientation
Move on the pre-stack depth migration face, complete to offset the coupling of input data and rate pattern；Obtain mid-deep strata speed mould
Type, and the shallow velocity model and mid-deep strata rate pattern are merged, obtain initial pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision is improved according to the present invention, by table
Layer static correction big gun is examined total amount and carries out suitably smoothing greatly, obtains the low frequency static correction value corresponding to the top layer weathering zone.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision, methods described are improved according to the present invention
Can also include：In the step of tomographic inversion iteration asks for shallow velocity model, using the earth's surface speed of near-surface investigation
Test with bit speed.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision, methods described are improved according to the present invention
Can also include：In the step of tomographic inversion iteration asks for shallow velocity model, people is adopted after any an iteration
Work means of intervention is modified, and using revised result as next iteration input.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision is improved according to the present invention, by weighting
Mode carry out the fusion steps.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision is improved according to the present invention, according to drilling well
Speed, areal geology understanding build work area mid-deep strata speed trend, obtain the mid-deep strata rate pattern.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision, the drilling well are improved according to the present invention
Speed can be VSP logging speed.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision, methods described are improved according to the present invention
Can also include to carry out the initial pre-stack depth migration rate pattern grid tomographic inversion rate pattern iteration and most
Whole pre-stack depth migration, obtains high precision prestack depth migration data.
One embodiment of the method for relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision, methods described are improved according to the present invention
Can also include to carry out the shallow velocity model Quality Control judgement, retain the top speed in inversion speed as shallow-layer speed
Degree.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention include：Pre-stack depth migration section imaging be improved significantly,
Shallow-layer lineups are focused on more preferably, and signal to noise ratio and resolution are higher, and deep layer fracture is apparent, and imaging precision is improved significantly.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the side for improving relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of method.
Fig. 2 is seismic prospecting real surface elevation plane figure.Plane X and Y coordinates unit rice；Z coordinate is depth, from benchmark
Face is zero, is down negative, unit rice.
Fig. 3 is the side using raising relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The little even surface figure of the seismic prospecting real surface elevation of method.Plane X and Y coordinates unit rice；Z coordinate is depth, from datum level is
Zero, it is down negative, unit rice.
The larger even surface figure of Fig. 4 seismic prospecting real surface elevation.Plane X and Y coordinates unit rice；Z coordinate is depth, from
Datum level is zero, is down negative, unit rice.
Fig. 5 is the method for improving relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Seismic prospecting first arrival inverting shallow velocity model profile.Abscissa is the period of 3-D seismics section；Vertical coordinate is depth, from
Datum level is zero, down for just, unit km.Colour code characterizes velocity amplitude.
Fig. 6 is the pre-stack depth migration section not processed using the present invention.Abscissa is the point of 3-D seismics section
Number；Vertical coordinate is depth, is zero from datum level, down for just, unit km.
After Fig. 7 is the method using the raising relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision of exemplary embodiment of the present
Pre-stack depth migration section.Abscissa is the period of 3-D seismics section；Vertical coordinate is depth, is zero from datum level, down
For just, unit rice.
Wherein, the wire size of Fig. 5,6 and 7 is all 70.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in conjunction with exemplary embodiment and accompanying drawing in detail and will improve relief surface prestack depth
The method of migration imaging precision.
A kind of pre-stack depth migration be comprehensive tomographic inversion shallow velocity model, shallow mid-deep strata fusion velocity model building at the beginning of
Beginning model, then adopt grid tomographic inversion method optimal speed model.But the method yet suffers from deficiency, reason is only
Consider rate pattern, do not enter line displacement input data and rate pattern mate to reduce error as far as possible.For this purpose, the present invention
By considering skew input data and rate pattern, when travelling with seismic wave true propagation when reducing skew travelling as far as possible
Error, improves the precision of pre-stack depth migration imaging, and main contents include：The process of offset plane, shallow velocity model ask for,
Skew input data matching speed models treated, triplicity constitutes the core of the present invention.
(1) process of offset plane.The even surface that pre-stack depth migration face is typically calculated using static correction total amount, in the present invention
Pre-stack depth migration face is examined true height value using the big gun of observation data and is done plane using the little even surface of relief surface elevation
(as shown in Fig. 2 fluctuation ratio is more violent), is carried out appropriate little smooth.Little even surface (as shown in Figure 3) ratio of the elevation is adopted
With big even surface (as shown in Figure 4) closer to true relief surface, with seismic wave true propagation when therefore reducing skew travelling
Error during travelling, but gentler than the violent fluctuating of real surface, it is more beneficial for Kirchhoff prestack depth migration imaging.
(2) shallow velocity model is asked for.Shallow velocity model is asked for carrying out tomographic inversion iteration using artillery first arrival time,
Test using the earth's surface speed of near-surface investigation, bit speed etc., be modified using manual intervention mode.The correction can
Carry out after any an iteration, then the input using revised result the most next iteration.Shallow velocity model iteration is most
Starting position when travelling eventually must be consistent with the little even surface of the earth's surface elevation of pre-stack depth migration.The final shallow-layer speed mould for obtaining
Type can include that the low speed cross directional variations of near surface (have the low speed distribution of cross directional variations, the speed mould as shown in Figure 5 near surface
Type is closer truly to descend formation velocity).While close real shallow layer stratum speed can be obtained, the operation is compensate for Yushan Hill
The critical defect of the speed iteration that front shallow-layer low SNR data cannot be evened up by road collection.
(3) input data matching speed models treated is offset.The coupling for entering line displacement input data and rate pattern is also
The key component of error when travelling with seismic wave true propagation when reducing skew travelling as far as possible, current pre-stack depth migration is processed
The step is not considered.The method that the present invention is adopted is the low frequency part for removing surface static correction in skew input data, in conjunction with
Second step shallow velocity model is asked for, and the low frequency part static correction value is embodied on pre-stack depth migration shallow velocity model (such as
Shown in Fig. 5), the operation has effectively recovered to be close to real seismic propagation path, it is achieved that be close to the prestack depth of true earth's surface
Skew.
To above three main contents, being used in combination, analyze, judging and Quality Control, theory hypothesis can be effectively reduced with earthquake
The error of exploration actual observation data, therefore can effectively improve pre-stack depth migration imaging precision.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method include with
Lower step：
A, the real surface elevation for observing data according to the seismic prospecting for gathering in work area set up earth's surface elevation face, then right
Earth's surface elevation face carry out little smooth, and will smooth after the little even surface of earth's surface elevation as pre-stack depth migration face, that is, when travelling
The beginning face of calculating.
The little smooth and big smooth quantitative criteria for not having fixation of the application, with regard to elevation face smooth for, such as Fig. 2,3,4
Shown, it is little smooth from Fig. 2 to Fig. 3, its purpose for reaching is to eliminate the violent fluctuating of earth's surface；Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is to smooth greatly, but
Fig. 4 earth's surface is peaceful slow, too big with real surface difference in Fig. 2.Therefore little smooth degree is exactly to protect in final sharpening result
Card with real surface difference within the acceptable range, eliminates the violent fluctuating of earth's surface.
B, tomographic inversion iteration is carried out using artillery first arrival time ask for shallow velocity model (shallow velocity model typically may be used
Reach 2～4 kilometers), the starting position during travelling of final shallow velocity model with smooth after the little even surface of earth's surface elevation consistent.
Logging speed data is bored in first break information, near-surface investigation data and the work area for collecting seismic prospecting record, carries out first arrival
Tomographic inversion surface velocity model iteration, tests according to the earth's surface speed of near-surface investigation and bit speed and manual intervention is compiled
Volume, starting position during final shallow velocity model travelling must be consistent with the little even surface of the earth's surface elevation of pre-stack depth migration.
C, the asking for of top layer low frequency static correction value：Ask for the quiet school of low frequency in shallow velocity model corresponding to the weathering zone of top layer
Positive quantity.
Surface static correction big gun that seismic data conventional treatment is asked for examine total amount carry out appropriate big smooth, you can obtain
The corresponding low frequency static correction value of top layer low velocity layer.Here big smoothing can adopt the smooth of half to one spread length.This
In, spread length refers to often excite the profile section of the whole geophone station that can once arrange.Low frequency static correction value：Shot point and reception
The spatial variations shape of point static correction value is a curve, changes the wavelength length of curve cycle change more than a spread length
When, change static correction component and be referred to as low frequency static correction value.Low speed：The speed that seismic wave is propagated in the weaker zone of ground adnexa is very
Low, generally hundreds of meters per second, referred to as weathering zone.
D, skew input data in remove low frequency static correction value.The little smooth of elevation examined by the big gun of skew input data
On face (i.e. on the time orientation will skew input data move to smooth after the little even surface of earth's surface elevation on), complete to offset defeated
Enter the coupling of data and rate pattern, that is, complete to offset input data preparation.
Here, a, be to do static correction for top layer low speed in the prior art, i.e., with a high speed top layer low speed is replaced, replace and produce
Raw difference is moved on time orientation.This is a kind of equivalent way, and in Complex Mountain seismic data process, error is larger.
B, the application are retained in top layer weathering zone on rate pattern, i.e., do not replace top layer low speed, therefore with real seimic wave propagation
Path is closer, and error is less.C, the reason for remove top layer low frequency static correction value it is, with b, top layer weathering zone is retained in speed
Match on model.Process before pre-stack depth migration must carry out surface static correction process, ask for low-and high-frequency static correction used
Amount.Again as the shallow velocity model of tomographic inversion cannot characterize top layer low speed completely at all, low speed trend can only be characterized (i.e. low
Frequency is measured), so there is difference, i.e. high frequency static correction between the shallow velocity model that obtains of inverting and true shallow velocity model
Amount, it is therefore desirable to ask for and apply high frequency static correction value before pre-stack depth migration, just completely with characterize top layer low speed trend
Velocity model matches.It is exactly first to ask for and apply low-and high-frequency static correction value to implement, by low frequency before pre-stack depth migration
Static correction value is removed.
E, work area mid-deep strata speed is built according to bit speed (best if there are VSP logging speed) and areal geology understanding
Trend, obtains mid-deep strata rate pattern.
F, the shallow velocity model obtained by step B carry out Quality Control judgement, and (seism processing is depended on after often walking operation
As a result how, i.e. Quality Control, specific standards are exactly that shallow velocity model is as good as constant value, the subsurface velocities of trend and current geological knowledge
Trend is consistent, and the situation of noncontradictory is present), retain the relatively reliable top speed of inversion speed as shallow-layer speed, using step
The mid-deep strata speed that rapid E is obtained, carries out anastomosing and splicing by the way of weighting, obtains initial pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
G, the initial pre-stack depth migration rate pattern carry out grid tomographic inversion rate pattern iteration and finally fold
Front depth migration, obtains high precision prestack depth migration data.
Further, since the application is not necessarily in strict accordance with said sequence, such as step E can also be asked on other opportunitys.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the pre-stack depth migration imaging Profile Correlations before and after the enforcement present invention, it is seen that using the present invention's
After method the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section be improved significantly, shallow-layer lineups focus on more preferable, signal to noise ratio and resolution higher,
Deep layer fracture is apparent, and imaging precision is improved significantly.
Although above already in connection with accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment the present invention described, but those of ordinary skill in the art
It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that in the case of without departing from spirit and scope by the claims, various modifications can be carried out to above-described embodiment.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that methods described includes following
Step：
Real surface elevation according to the seismic prospecting observation data for gathering in work area sets up earth's surface elevation face, to earth's surface height
Journey face carry out little smooth, and will smooth after the little even surface of earth's surface elevation as pre-stack depth migration face；Using during artillery first arrival
Between carry out tomographic inversion iteration and ask for shallow velocity model, starting position during final shallow velocity model travelling and the prestack
Depth migration face is consistent；
Ask for the low frequency static correction value corresponding to the weathering zone of top layer in the shallow velocity model；Remove in skew input data
The low frequency static correction value；
On time orientation, skew input data is moved on the pre-stack depth migration face, complete to offset input data and speed
The coupling of degree model；
Mid-deep strata rate pattern is obtained, and the shallow velocity model and mid-deep strata rate pattern are merged, obtain initial
Pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
2. the method for improving relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that logical
Cross and the cautious total amount of surface static correction big gun is smoothed greatly, obtain the low frequency static correction value corresponding to the top layer weathering zone.
3. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that institute
Stating method also includes：In the step of tomographic inversion iteration asks for shallow velocity model, using the earth's surface speed of near-surface investigation
Degree and bit speed are tested.
4. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that institute
Stating method also includes：In the step of tomographic inversion iteration asks for shallow velocity model, adopt after any an iteration
Manual intervention mode is modified, and using revised result as next iteration input.
5. the method for improving relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision according to claim 1, it is characterised in that logical
The mode for crossing weighting carries out the fusion steps.
6. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that root
Work area mid-deep strata speed trend is built according to bit speed, areal geology understanding, obtain the mid-deep strata rate pattern.
7. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that institute
Bit speed is stated for VSP logging speed.
8. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that institute
State method also include to carry out the initial pre-stack depth migration rate pattern grid tomographic inversion rate pattern iteration and
Final pre-stack depth migration, obtains high precision prestack depth migration data.
9. according to claim 1 improve relief surface pre-stack depth migration imaging precision method, it is characterised in that institute
Stating method also includes to carry out the shallow velocity model Quality Control judgement, retains the top speed in inversion speed as shallow-layer speed
Degree.
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| CN107942379A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method for improving complex fault block rate pattern precision |
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| CN109581501A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for desert area Depth Domain velocity modeling |
| CN109917454B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-10-09 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | True earth surface prestack depth migration imaging method and device based on double reference surfaces |
| CN109917454A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-21 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | True earth's surface pre-stack depth migration imaging method and device based on double datum levels |
| CN112394406A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for establishing simulated earth surface depth domain velocity model |
| CN112946755A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Near-surface layer investigation method and device |
| CN112946755B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Investigation method and device for near-surface layer |
| CN111257935A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-09 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Speed fusion method for accelerating chromatographic inversion speed convergence and processing terminal |
| CN111257935B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-11-09 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Speed fusion method for accelerating chromatographic inversion speed convergence and processing terminal |
| CN116559957A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-08-08 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Amplitude-preserving processing method for ultra-deep weak reflection seismic data |
| CN117434605A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-01-23 | 北京市地质调查研究所 | Near-surface velocity model construction method based on underground space imaging |
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