CN106312813B - A kind of crankshaft-link rod diameter of axle processing tool system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system, which belongs to the technical field of tooling fixtures. It includes a fixture frame, the bottom of the fixture frame is provided with a positioning surface for fixed installation with the bed guide rail, and the front end of the fixture frame is sequentially installed with a Morse taper shaft, an electromagnetic clutch, an indexing structure and a fixture device; the back of the fixture frame Install the Morse taper shaft, electromagnetic clutch and clamping device sequentially from outside to inside. The invention is used in combination with an ordinary crankshaft grinder, and the initial debugging is simple and easy; it can give full play to the technological capability of the crankshaft grinder and minimize the skill requirements for operators; and it can improve the stability of product quality and process speed effect.

Description

A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fixtures, in particular to a fixture that can be used for rough and finish machining of crankshaft connecting rod journals of six-cylinder engines.

Background technique

Functional parameters of the crankshaft: the crankshaft is one of the five core parts that guarantee the external output characteristics of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The runout of the center of rotation, the phase difference of the connecting rod journals in different phases relative to the circle of the center of rotation, etc. The crankshaft, cylinder block, connecting rod, and piston form a crank-slider mechanism that converts the gas pressure formed by internal combustion into rotational power output.

Process status: In addition to the general processing rules of shafts, crankshaft production also has its unique structure and process characteristics, mainly including complex shape, poor rigidity, and high technical requirements. Corresponding measures should be taken in the process of processing. At present, domestic crankshaft processing mostly adopts a multi-process assembly line composed of ordinary machine tools and special machine tools. There are problems in quality control, production efficiency, and automation in the manufacturing process. For example: (1) In the rough machining process, multi-tool lathes are commonly used to turn crankshaft main journals and connecting rod journals. Since the stability of the process quality is greatly affected by factors such as machine tools, fixtures, operations, and inspections, it is necessary to leave a margin to ensure the accuracy of the finished product. Larger finishing allowance; (2) In the finishing process, a special crankshaft grinder (such as MQ8260) is used to complete rough grinding-semi-finishing-finishing-polishing on an ordinary crankshaft fixture, and the operator is installing, adjusting, processing, The detection process requires high skills, which seriously affects the processing efficiency and the stability of product quality.

Process analysis of crankshaft of six-cylinder engine: Structural characteristics of crankshaft of six-cylinder engine: 1) The six connecting rod journals are coaxial in pairs, and the axis line is parallel to the center of the crankshaft main journal, and based on it, it is distributed in a 120° circle; 2) The eccentric distance between the crankshaft main journal center and the connecting rod journal centers is equal; 3) A counterweight is designed at each connecting rod journal position to ensure that the crankshaft mass center coincides with the geometric center.

Connecting rod journal processing is one of the bottleneck processes restricting crankshaft production:

1) The special fixture ensures that the six connecting rod journals are coaxial in pairs, and are coaxial with the main shaft of the processing machine tool, and the dimensional accuracy and parallelism of the eccentricity of the main journal of the crankshaft are stable during the machining process;

2) Based on the main axis of the crankshaft, the circumference can be accurately indexed by 120°, and six connecting rod journals can be processed in one installation;

3) The fixture has its own counterweight to ensure that the overall mass center of the fixture and workpiece coincides with the rotation center of the machine tool spindle during processing.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system, using the integrated control technology of machinery, electricity and calculation, through the approach of overlapping the three bases of design reference, process reference and detection reference, once Installation and positioning, and complete the processing of all connecting rod journals. It minimizes the impact of machine tools, tooling and personnel on machining errors, and effectively improves the stability and efficiency of crankshaft connecting rod journal machining quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

The present invention is realized through the following technical means: a crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system, including a fixture frame, the bottom of the fixture frame is provided with a positioning surface for fixed installation with the guide rail of the machine tool, and the front end of the fixture frame is installed sequentially from outside to inside. Morse taper shaft, electromagnetic clutch, indexing structure and fixture device; the rear end of the fixture frame is sequentially installed with Morse taper shaft, electromagnetic clutch and fixture device from outside to inside;

The Morse taper shafts are respectively coaxially installed on the front end and the rear end of the fixture frame through bearings and facing outward;

One end of the electromagnetic clutch is coaxially connected to the Morse taper shaft, and the other end is coaxially connected to the fixture device;

The fixture device includes a rotating disk, a V-shaped iron and an arc-shaped gland. The rotating disk is coaxially connected with the electromagnetic clutch. The center lines are parallel; the arc-shaped gland is set at one end of the V-shaped opening of the V-shaped iron, and one end of the arc-shaped gland is connected to the V-shaped iron in rotation and can be turned over so that the arc-shaped gland and the V-shaped iron cover are closed. The inner arc surface of the cover is facing the V-shaped opening, and the other end of the arc-shaped gland is connected with the V-shaped iron through bolts; the end of the V-shaped iron opposite to the V-shaped opening is provided with a counterweight through fine-threaded bolts; the V-shaped iron of the V-shaped iron The profiles are parallel to the axis of the rotating disk; the indexing structure includes a reversing device and a locking device, and the reversing device and the locking device are respectively connected to the sliding core.

In this solution, it is an integrated fixture combined by the fixture frame, which is fixed on the specified position of the crankshaft grinder by using the positioning surface on the fixture frame as a reference; it can be divided into two parts: the main shaft and the tailstock, which correspond to the main shaft and tailstock connected to the machine tool respectively. The crankshaft end face datum is selected as the axial positioning datum, and the outer circular surface of the main journal at both ends is used as the center datum to realize the positioning of the workpiece connecting rod journal in the fixture before finishing. Initially, by setting one end of the V-shaped opening of the V-shaped iron at the same position and horizontally, the crankshaft is correspondingly installed between the two V-shaped irons, and the installation shaft end is eccentrically set relative to the rotating disk; but because the journal in the middle of the crankshaft is in a different position On the axis line, it needs to be coaxial with the rotation axis of the machine tool spindle for machining. The eccentric setting of the V-shaped iron is set for the above situation. After the V-shaped iron clamps the crankshaft, it can adjust the precise rotation of the sliding core circle through the indexing structure, and make the axis line of the journal to be processed can be adjusted to be consistent with the machine tool. The axis of rotation of the spindle is coaxial and fixed by an indexing structure. In this way, the rotating disk and the V-shaped iron are relatively fixed, and the journal to be processed rotates coaxially with the main shaft of the machine tool, and the journal can be turned and ground only by the usual shaft processing method. The eccentric distance of the sliding core relative to the rotating disk is the distance from the axial center line of the journal to be processed to the axial center line of the sliding core of the installed crankshaft. Through the above structure, the processing and clamping of the crankshaft has changed from complex to simple, and it has got rid of the need for multiple clamping when machining the crankshaft connecting rod journal of the six-cylinder engine in the past, avoiding the unstable eccentricity dimension accuracy and parallelism, and at the same time, it can It can be fixed and installed quickly, suitable for mass or production line production, and can ensure product quality stability and processing speed. At the same time, in order to ensure the safety of the use process, the fixture structure is connected to the electromagnetic clutch, and the electromagnetic clutch can be used to stop the operation in time, which has double safety guarantees. Here, the Morse taper shaft can meet the needs of quick installation or automatic production line.

Preferably, the reversing device includes a driving gear, a driven gear, an overrunning clutch, and a servo motor; the driving gear is connected to the output end of the servo motor through the overrunning clutch, and the servo motor is provided with a rotary encoder and installed on the clamp frame; The driven gear is an internal and external duplex gear, and the driven gear is installed on one end of the rotating disk corresponding to the electromagnetic clutch, the external gear of the driven gear meshes with the driving gear, and the internal gear of the driven gear meshes with the sliding core; The axis lines of the output end of the servo motor, the driving gear, the driven gear and the sliding core are parallel. The indexing mechanism achieves precise multi-division of the circumference through gears, and completes the six-cylinder crankshaft six-point eccentric connecting rod journal fine grinding and semi-finish grinding processing in one installation. The indexing structure includes a reversing device and a locking device: the reversing device is used for indexing adjustment; the locking device is used for locking and releasing the sliding core, so as to complete the indexing adjustment. The one-way drive of the driving gear is realized through the overrunning clutch to ensure the one-way and accuracy of its movement and avoid unnecessary errors.

Preferably, the locking device includes a reversing locking mechanism, and the locking device is connected to the sliding core and arranged coaxially.

Preferably, the clamp device also includes a clamp body, the clamp body has an L-shaped structure, and the V-shaped iron is arranged at the front end of the clamp body and forms a U-shaped structure with the opening facing upward. The length of the journal of the part is set; the opposite end of the clamp body is connected to the sliding core; the bottom of the clamp body is also provided with a balance weight configuration groove for placing a balance weight.

Preferably, one end of the rotary plate corresponding to the V-shaped iron is provided with a positioning hole and a matching cylindrical pin, and the positioning hole is located on both sides of the V-shaped iron when the V-shaped iron is erected and is tangent to the side of the V-shaped iron. The cylindrical pin is used for positioning before processing, specifically, the V-shaped iron is vertically set up, and the cylindrical pin is arranged on both sides of the V-shaped iron to ensure the initial position of the opening of the V-shaped iron.

Preferably, a control system is also included, the control system includes a central processing unit, and the central processing unit is respectively connected to the electromagnetic clutch, the servo motor and the rotary encoder. Through the control system, the integrated control of the clamping fixture and the machine tool can be realized, thereby effectively coordinating the actions between the machine tool and the fixture, and speeding up the loading and unloading efficiency of the workpiece. At the same time, the machine tool and the electromagnetic clutch can be stopped separately or at the same time, effectively ensuring the safety and response during processing. emergency.

Preferably, the control system further includes a pressure sensor installed on the driven guide wheel of the steady rest at one end of the steady rest corresponding to the workpiece, and the pressure sensor is connected to the central processing unit. Through the pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, the control system adjusts the initial radial pressure of the tool on the crankshaft in real time.

Preferably, the corresponding driving gear or driven gear on the fixture frame adopts a non-contact high-sensitivity proximity switch, and the proximity switch is connected to the central processing unit. The proximity switch is used for close position detection, and is used for processing signal acquisition and system zeroing of cycle processing.

Preferably, a detachable connection is adopted between the sliding core and the V-shaped iron. By replacing the V-shaped irons of different structures, the needs of matching different types of crankshaft journals have been met; here, positioning and force transmission can be completed through positioning pins and keys.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. The special fixture of the present invention uses the mature integrated technology of machine, electricity and calculation, and is installed once on the ordinary crankshaft grinder to automatically complete the grinding process of the crankshaft connecting rod journal of the six-cylinder engine. Compared with the conventional crankshaft processing multi-process flow operation, it is more It is beneficial to the quality control of multi-specification products.

2. The fixture of the present invention realizes the integration of the workpiece design standard, inspection standard and processing standard, and completes the fine grinding of 6 connecting rod journals in one installation, which is conducive to giving full play to the technological capabilities of the crankshaft grinder; measures such as the counterweight system and the follower system guarantee The machining process runs smoothly, and the influence of the grinding radial force is reduced, which is conducive to improving the machining speed and machining accuracy, and improving the production efficiency.

3. The invention completes the processing of all connecting rod journals in one installation, which can reduce the wear of fixtures and greatly reduce the auxiliary process time such as installation and adjustment.

4. The automatic operation of the present invention reduces the requirement for manual skills, eliminates the influence of human factors on product quality stability, and reduces the labor intensity of front-line workers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the general structure of special fixture of the present invention and six-cylinder crankshaft schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial positioning, clamping and counterweight adjustment of the fixture of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the workpiece of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of workpiece positioning and clamping in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a principle diagram of indexing and positioning locking of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the pressure of the tool holder according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a left view of the workpiece six-cylinder engine crankshaft.

In the accompanying drawings, 1-machine tool spindle, 2-tailstock, 3-crankshaft, 4-fixture frame, 5-Morse taper shaft, 6-electromagnetic clutch, 7-grading structure, 8-fixture device, 9-rotary disk , 10-V-type iron, 11-arc gland, 12-bolt, 13-counterweight, 14-sliding core, 15-positioning hole, 16-clamp body, 17-balance weight configuration slot, 18-servo motor, 19-driving gear, 20-driven gear, 21-locking device, 22-knife rest driven guide wheel, 23-grinding wheel.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1-2, the tooling system for crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing includes a fixture frame 4, a Morse taper shaft 5, an electromagnetic clutch 6, an indexing structure 7 and a fixture device 8. The bottom of the fixture frame 4 is provided with a positioning surface for fixed installation with the guide rail of the machine tool. The front end of the fixture frame 4 is sequentially installed with a Morse taper shaft 5, an electromagnetic clutch 6, an indexing structure 7 and a fixture device 8 from outside to inside; the rear end of the fixture frame 4 The Morse taper shaft 5, the electromagnetic clutch 6 and the clamping device 8 are installed sequentially from outside to inside. The crankshaft 3 is placed between two clamp devices 8 and fixed using the clamp devices 8 .

The front end of the fixture frame 4 corresponds to the machine tool spindle 1 of the machine tool. The front end of the fixture frame 4 is sequentially connected and installed from the outside to the inside with the Morse taper shaft 5, the electromagnetic clutch 6, the indexing structure 7 and the fixture device 8. The Morse taper shaft 5 is installed on the The front end of the fixture frame 4 faces outward; when in use, the Morse taper shaft 5 is correspondingly plugged and fixed on the machine tool spindle 1 . The rear end of the fixture frame 4 corresponds to the tailstock 2 of the machine tool, and the rear end of the fixture frame 4 is sequentially connected and installed with the Morse taper shaft 5, the electromagnetic clutch 6 and the fixture device 8 from outside to inside; the Morse taper shaft 5 is installed on the fixture frame 4 through bearings and towards the outside; during use, the Morse taper shaft 5 is correspondingly rotated and fixed on the tailstock 2. It should be understood that the two Morse taper shafts 5 are coaxially arranged, and the clamp devices 8 are arranged opposite to each other, and are arranged eccentrically relative to the Morse taper shaft 5 axis. When in use, the indexing structure 7 is used to adjust the position of the clamp device 8 Rotation angle, thereby adjusting the deflection of the crankshaft 3, so that the axis of the journal to be processed is at the axis of the machine tool spindle 1 rotation.

As shown in Figure 3, the fixture device 8 includes a rotating disk 9, a V-shaped iron 10 and an arc-shaped gland 11, the arc-shaped gland 11 is arranged on one end of the V-shaped opening of the V-shaped iron 10, and one end of the arc-shaped gland 11 is connected to the V The shaped iron 10 is rotatably connected and can be flipped so that the arc-shaped gland 11 is covered with the V-shaped iron 10. The inner arc surface of the arc-shaped gland 11 is facing the V-shaped opening, and the other end of the arc-shaped gland 11 can pass through the bolt 12 and the V-shaped iron. Iron 10 connection. One end of the opposite V-shaped opening on the V-shaped iron 10 is also provided with a counterweight 13 by fine thread bolts. When in use, the journal at the end of the crankshaft 3 is placed on the V-shaped opening, and the arc-shaped gland 11 is turned over and fixed by bolts 12. The tension of the bolts 12 causes a slight deformation of the arc-shaped gland 11 to ensure that the surface of the workpiece is not damaged. , improve the reliability of clamping, and finally complete the workpiece clamping. The offset distance of the counterweight 13 relative to the center of rotation is finely adjusted by the bolts, so as to eliminate or minimize the mass eccentricity of the rotary part. Specifically, the bolt 12 is a swing bolt.

As shown in Figure 4, the structure of the clamp device 8 is further optimized. At this time, the clamp device 8 includes a clamp body 16, a rotating disk 9, a V-shaped iron 10 and an arc-shaped gland 11. The clamp body 16 is an L-shaped structure, and the V-shaped iron 10 is arranged at the front end of the clamp body 16 and forms a U-shaped structure with its opening facing upwards. The width of the inner cavity of the U-shaped structure is set according to the journal length at the end of the crankshaft 3, so as to prevent the crankshaft 3 from being unable to be placed or touching other components after being placed. This damages the crankshaft 3. A balance weight disposing groove 17 is also provided at the lower part of the U-shaped structure for placing a balance weight.

As shown in Figure 5, the indexing structure 7 includes a reversing device and a locking device 21, and the reversing device and the locking device 21 are connected to the sliding core 14 respectively; The positions of the V-shaped openings of 10 are in one-to-one correspondence. The reversing device includes a driving gear 19 , a driven gear 20 , an overrunning clutch, and a servo motor 18 . The driving gear 19 is connected to the output end of the servo motor 18 through an overrunning clutch, and the servo motor 18 is provided with a rotary encoder and installed on the clamp frame 4 . The driven gear 20 is an internal and external duplex gear, the external gear of the driven gear 20 meshes with the driving gear 19 , and the internal gear of the driven gear 20 meshes with the reversing indexing gear at one end of the sliding core 14 . The axes of the output end of the servo motor 18 , the driving gear 19 , the driven gear 20 and the sliding core 14 are parallel. The locking device 21 includes a reversing locking mechanism, and the locking device 21 is connected to the sliding core 14 . Here, one end of the sliding core 14 is connected to the V-shaped iron 10, and the other end is provided with a coaxial reversing indexing gear, and is eccentrically arranged on the rotating disk 9 through a centripetal thrust bearing.

As shown in Figure 6, the driven guide wheel 22 of the tool rest and the grinding wheel 23 are correspondingly attached to the journal of the crankshaft connecting rod. A precision pressure sensor is installed on the driven guide wheel 22 of the knife rest, and the initial pressure on the crankshaft journal before the control is controlled through the lateral horizontal displacement.

In order to coordinate the work of the fixture and the machine tool, a control system is set up here to connect and control the machine tool and the fixture respectively. The industrial programmable logic controller PLC is used as the central processor, and the central processor is connected to control the servo motor 18, rotary encoder, electromagnetic clutch 6, and proximity switch. And pressure sensor, realize one-button start to complete the grinding process of crankshaft journal. Through the control system, the integrated control of the clamping fixture and the machine tool can be realized, thereby effectively coordinating the actions between the machine tool and the fixture, and speeding up the loading and unloading efficiency of the workpiece. At the same time, the machine tool and the electromagnetic clutch can be stopped separately or at the same time, effectively ensuring the safety and response during processing. emergency.

The following is an example of machining the crankshaft connecting rod journal of a six-cylinder engine, and the specific implementation is to use the MQ1350B cylindrical grinder for finishing the connecting rod journal.

First, install and clamp the V-shaped iron of the crankshaft 3 corresponding to the fixture, specifically:

Use the positioning surface on the fixture frame 4 to place the fixture on the longitudinal guide rail of the grinding machine. The Morse taper shafts 5 at both ends of the fixture frame 4 are respectively matched and connected with the Morse taper holes of the machine tool spindle 1 and tailstock 2; the fine-tuning fixture frame 4 is installed The base is used to reliably fix the fixture frame 4 as a whole; use general inspection tools such as dial gauges and calibration axes to calibrate and fine-tune to ensure the coaxiality between the main rotation center of the fixture and the center of the machine tool spindle 1;

Respectively adjust the V-shaped iron 10 corresponding to the two parts of the machine tool spindle 1 and the tailstock 2 on the fixture frame 4, respectively insert the cylindrical pins into the positioning holes 15 at both ends of the V-shaped iron 10, and the V-shaped irons of the two parts of the machine tool spindle 1 and the tailstock 2. The V-shaped opening faces upwards, and the positioning center line is coaxial with the center of the machine tool spindle 1.

Put the two ends of the crankshaft 3 to be processed into the V-shaped iron 10 correspondingly horizontally, place the outer circle of the journal at both ends of the crankshaft 3 in the V-shaped iron, turn over the arc-shaped gland 11, and fasten it with a swing bolt. The tensile force of the bolt 12 makes the arc gland 11 slightly deformed to complete the workpiece clamping.

Take out the process cylindrical pins at both ends, the servo motor 18 is not powered, and the electromagnetic clutch 6 at both ends is disengaged. After the workpiece is installed, the rotating part of the fixture will be in a free state centered on the main shaft 1 of the machine tool; turn the counterweight at the bottom of the V-shaped iron 13 fine-threaded bolts, fine-tuning the offset distance of the counterweight 13 relative to the center of rotation, to eliminate or minimize the mass eccentricity of the rotating part; adjust the follower rest, and ensure the appropriate initial pressure through the pressure sensor.

One-button start, joint control of crankshaft grinding machine and fixture system, automatically complete the following steps of connecting rod journal processing in sequence:

(1) The servo motor 18 starts, drives the V-shaped iron to reset through the overrunning clutch, and the proximity switch sends a processing start signal and a system data clearing signal; the servo motor 18 stops, and the electromagnetic clutch 6 at both ends is energized.

(2) The machine tool spindle 1 is started, and the first connecting rod journal and the sixth connecting rod journal of the crankshaft 3 rotate coaxially with the machine tool spindle 1; The outer circle of the connecting rod journal and the sixth connecting rod journal are in contact; the grinding wheel 23 system starts, and feeds according to the preset parameters, and simultaneously grinds the first connecting rod journal and the sixth connecting rod journal to the expected size precision and surface quality.

(3) The grinding wheel 23 exits, and the machine tool main shaft 1 stops until stationary; the electromagnetic clutch 6 disengages, and the servo motor 18 starts, and utilizes the rotary encoder of the servo motor 18 to realize accurate 120° indexing; the servo motor 18 stops and self-locks, The electromagnetic clutch 6 is energized and locked; the second connecting rod journal of the crankshaft 3 and the center of the fifth connecting rod shaft are coaxial with the machine tool main shaft 1.

(4) The grinding wheel 23 and the driven guide wheel 22 of the turret are translated to the positions of the second connecting rod journal and the fifth connecting rod shaft. The connecting rod journal and the fifth connecting rod shaft meet the expected dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

(5) The operation is the same as the above steps (2), (3), and (4), and the steps are the same, and the third connecting rod journal and the fourth connecting rod shaft are ground at the same time to achieve the expected dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

(6) Stop automatically, adjust the overall rotary part to an appropriate position, and take out the finished product; at the same time, install the crankshaft 3 to be processed, and proceed to the next cycle.

The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not used to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention shall belong to The scope of patents covered by the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system, characterized in that it includes a fixture frame, the bottom of the fixture frame is provided with a positioning surface for fixed installation with the guide rail of the machine tool, and the front end of the fixture frame is sequentially installed with Morse tapers from outside to inside A shaft, an electromagnetic clutch, an indexing structure and a fixture device; the rear end of the fixture frame is sequentially installed with a Morse taper shaft, an electromagnetic clutch and a fixture device from outside to inside; The Morse taper shafts are respectively coaxially installed on the front end and the rear end of the fixture frame through bearings and facing outward; One end of the electromagnetic clutch is coaxially connected to the Morse taper shaft, and the other end is coaxially connected to the fixture device; The fixture device includes a rotating disk, a V-shaped iron and an arc-shaped gland. The rotating disk is coaxially connected with the electromagnetic clutch. The center lines are parallel; the arc-shaped gland is set at one end of the V-shaped opening of the V-shaped iron, and one end of the arc-shaped gland is connected to the V-shaped iron in rotation and can be turned over so that the arc-shaped gland and the V-shaped iron cover are closed. The inner arc surface of the cover is facing the V-shaped opening, and the other end of the arc-shaped gland is connected with the V-shaped iron through bolts; the end of the V-shaped iron opposite to the V-shaped opening is provided with a counterweight through fine-threaded bolts; the V-shaped iron of the V-shaped iron The profile is parallel to the axis of the rotating disc; The indexing structure includes a reversing device and a locking device, and the reversing device and the locking device are respectively connected to the sliding core; the reversing device includes a driving gear, a driven gear, an overrunning clutch, and a servo motor; the driving The gear is connected to the output end of the servo motor through an overrunning clutch. The servo motor is equipped with a rotary encoder and installed on the fixture frame; The outer gear of the gear meshes with the driving gear, and the inner gear of the driven gear meshes with the sliding core; the output end of the servo motor, the driving gear, the driven gear and the axis of the sliding core are parallel. 2. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the locking device includes a reversing locking mechanism, and the locking device is connected to the sliding core and arranged coaxially. 3. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamp device also includes a clamp body, the clamp body is in an L-shaped structure, and the V-shaped iron is arranged at the front end of the clamp body and connected with it. It forms a U-shaped structure with the opening facing upwards. The width of the inner cavity of the U-shaped structure is set according to the length of the journal at the end of the crankshaft connecting rod; the clamp body is connected to the sliding core at the opposite end of the V-shaped iron; the bottom of the clamp body is also provided with a balance Balance weight slot for counterweight. 4. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end of the rotary plate corresponding to the V-shaped iron is provided with a positioning hole and a matching cylindrical pin, and the positioning hole is located on the V-shaped iron. The two sides of the V-shaped iron are tangent to the side of the V-shaped iron when erected. 5. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a control system, the control system includes a central processing unit, and the central processing unit is respectively connected to the electromagnetic clutch, the servo motor and the rotary Encoder. 6. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control system also includes a pressure sensor installed on the driven guide wheel of the tool rest at the end of the tool rest corresponding to the workpiece , the pressure sensor is connected to the central processing unit. 7. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the corresponding driving gear or driven gear on the fixture frame adopts a non-contact high-sensitivity proximity switch, and the proximity switch is connected to CPU. 8. A crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sliding core and the V-shaped iron are connected in a detachable manner.