CN106311148B - 一种生物炭复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生物炭复合材料及其制备方法,首先制备苎麻茎粉末,再利用腐殖酸钠改性碳化,制备生物炭改性材料,再将磁性粒子负载到生物炭改性材料表面制备生物炭复合材料,制备的生物炭复合材料具备更好的理化性质和易于固液分离与再利用。本发明制备的生物炭复合材料具有巨大的比表面积且表面含有丰富的活性基团,可在众多领域得到应用,为苎麻的再利用提供了更为广泛的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料领域,具体涉及一种生物炭复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物炭(Biochar)是农林废弃物等生物质在缺氧条件下热裂解形成的稳定的富碳产物。近年来,在气候变化、环境污染、能源短缺、粮食危机和农业可持续发展等宏观背景下,生物炭的潜在应用价值和应用空间被进一步拓展。生物炭在制备过程中通常会形成大量稳定的、高度芳香化的多孔结构,微孔结构发达,比表面积大,并且表面含有多种官能团如羰基、羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等,因此具有较强的吸附能力,能吸附去除水体、土壤或沉积物中的金属离子及有机污染物等,被广泛应用于土壤修复、污水处理和空气净化领域的研究。
天然农林废弃物表面由于所含活性官能团较少,所以制备的生物炭对一些污染物的吸附能力有限。所以在此基础上,首先研究利用苎麻制备改性生物炭,再对生物炭赋予磁性,对改善苎麻生物炭的性质以及使用效率具有重要的意义。腐殖酸钠是以风化煤、泥炭和褐煤为原料经特殊工艺加工制成的一种具有多种功能的大分子有机弱酸钠盐,其大分子的基本结构是芳环和脂环,环上连有羧基、羟基、羰基、醌基、甲氧基等官能团。将腐殖酸钠通过一定的方法嫁接到苎麻生物炭的表面,制备一种新型的苎麻生物炭改性材料,此外再对其赋予磁性,赋予苎麻生物炭更好的物化性质,为苎麻生物炭的在众多领域的应用提供更为广泛的途径。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:针对现有技术存在的技术问题,开发一种工艺简单和制备快速的苎麻生物炭复合材料及其制备方法。
一种生物炭复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、制备苎麻茎粉末;
步骤二、利用腐殖酸钠对苎麻茎粉末进行改性,碳化,得到生物炭改性材料;
步骤三、将磁性粒子负载到生物炭改性材料表面制备生物炭复合材料。
进一步的改进,所述步骤一的具体步骤如下:将苎麻去皮后的茎干燥、粉碎、研磨,过50-200目筛,得到苎麻茎粉末。
进一步的改进,所述步骤二的具体步骤如下:
2.1配置质量浓度范围为1-8g/L的腐植酸钠溶液;
2.2将苎麻茎粉末浸泡到质量浓度范围为1-8g/L的腐植酸钠溶液中1-5h后,60-90℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以50-200mL/min的流速通入氮气,以5-10℃/min的速度升高温度至250-600℃,温度升到指定温度后保持热解1-3h;
2.3在继续保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,用去离子水清洗,再研磨后过80-300目筛,50-80℃干燥3-8h,制备获得生物炭改性材料。
进一步的改进,所述苎麻茎粉末与腐植酸钠溶液的固液比为1:20。
进一步的改进,步骤2.1中,腐植酸钠溶液超声10-30min后过滤,去除不溶物。
进一步的改进,所述步骤三的具体步骤如下:
3.1生物炭改性材料加入到摩尔浓度比为1:1且总浓度范围为0.1-1mol/L的氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液中负载磁性粒子;
3.2调节氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液pH到9.5-10.5,浸泡1-3h,浸泡时超声0.5-3h;再调节氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液pH到9.5-10.5;
3.3利用孔径为0.1-0.3μm尼龙膜过滤,将得到的产物80℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以50-200mL/min的流速通入氮气,以5-10℃/min的速度升高温度至250-600℃,温度升到指定温度后保持热解1-3h,保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,用去离子水清洗,再研磨后过80-300目筛,50-80℃干燥3-8h,制备获得生物炭复合材料。
进一步的改进,所述生物炭改性材料与氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液的固液比为1:15~1:25。
一种上述生物炭复合材料的制备方法制得的生物炭复合材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1.本发明的生物炭复合材料制备过程中使用的原料来源广泛,且价格低廉,主要原料均是常用的化工产品。
2.本发明的方法制备的产品无毒,对环境友好。
3.本发明的生物炭复合材料的制备工艺简单、操作方便,易于实现工业化生产。
4.本发明的生物炭复合材料具有巨大的比表面积,且表面活性基团丰富,且在溶液中可以快速的实现固液分离,为苎麻资源化利用提供了新的途径。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的生物炭复合材料的场发射扫描电子显微镜图;
图2是本发明实施例1的生物炭磁性复合材料在不同pH值条件下对废水中六价铬的吸附变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
一种本发明所述的生物炭复合材料的制备方法:
苎麻去皮后的茎,室温下干燥,粉碎机粉碎后再研磨,过100目筛,配制质量浓度范围为5g/L的腐植酸钠溶液,超声20min后过滤,去除不溶物;将50g苎麻茎粉末浸泡到质量浓度范围为5g/L的1000mL腐植酸钠溶液中1-5h后,80℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以100mL/min的流速通入氮气,以6℃/min的速度升高温度至500℃,温度升到500℃后保持热解2h,得到的产物在继续保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,再用去离子水反复清洗,再研磨后过200筛,70℃干燥5h,制备获得生物炭改性材料;
将上述步骤得到的生物炭改性材料加入到摩尔浓度比为1:1且浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液中(固液比1:15~1:25),利用0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH到10,浸泡2h,超声1h后再次测pH并将其调节至10,再利用孔径为0.2μm尼龙膜过滤,将得到的产物80℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以100mL/min的流速通入氮气,以6℃/min的速度升高温度至500℃,温度升到指定温度后保持热解2h,得到的产物在继续保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,再用去离子水反复清洗,再研磨后过200筛,70℃干燥5h,制备获得生物炭复合材料。
上述制得的生物炭复合材料外观呈黑色,将其置于场发射扫描电子显微镜下观察,其结构如图1所示。该复合材料具有非常多的空隙结构,比较面积大,另外在改性过程中,增加了生物炭表面的活性基团数目,且具备磁性,可以快速的实现固液分离,可以应用于在众多领域。
实施例2:
本发明的生物炭复合材料用于水处理领域去除水中重金属离子,包括以下步骤:
取十个体积为50mL,初始浓度为100mg/L的待处理六价铬废水样品,用硝酸或氢氧化钠调节pH值到3,将实施例1制得的生物炭磁性复合材料添加到废水样品中,每升废水中的添加量以生物炭复合材料重量计为2g,将反应器置于转速为150rpm的恒温水浴振荡箱中,保持温度为30℃,振荡5min、10min、30min、1h、3h、6h、9h、12h、18h、24h后将生物炭复合材料与溶液分离,完成对六价铬废水的处理。溶液中剩余的六价铬的浓度使用紫外分光光度计进行测定,计算的吸附量结果见图2。
由图2可知,生物炭复合材料对六价铬离子的去除量随着时间的增加而增加且趋于平衡,且,生物炭复合材料对六价铬的吸附能力相比较相同制备条件下的未改性原始生物炭有明显的优势。图中的Biochar composite表示本专利的生物炭复合材料;Rawbiochar表示改性原始生物炭。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,与本发明构思无实质性差异的各种工艺方案均在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种生物炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、制备苎麻茎粉末;
步骤二、利用腐殖酸钠对苎麻茎粉末进行改性,碳化,得到生物炭改性材料;
所述步骤二的具体步骤如下:
2.1配置质量浓度范围为1-8g/L的腐殖酸 钠溶液;
2.2将苎麻茎粉末浸泡到质量浓度范围为1-8g/L的腐殖酸 钠溶液中1-5h后,60-90℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以50-200mL/min的流速通入氮气,以5-10℃/min的速度升高温度至250-600℃,温度升到指定温度后保持热解1-3h;
2.3在继续保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,用去离子水清洗,再研磨后过80-300目筛,50-80℃干燥3-8h,制备获得生物炭改性材料
步骤三、将磁性粒子负载到生物炭改性材料表面制备生物炭复合材料;
所述步骤三的具体步骤如下:
3.1生物炭改性材料加入到摩尔浓度比为1:1且总浓度范围为0.1-1mol/L的氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液中负载磁性粒子;
3.2调节氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液pH到9.5-10.5,浸泡1-3h,浸泡时超声0.5-3h;再调节氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液pH到9.5-10.5;
3.3利用孔径为0.1-0.3μm尼龙膜过滤,将得到的产物80℃烘干,放入管式炉中进行热解,以50-200mL/min的流速通入氮气,以5-10℃/min的速度升高温度至250-600℃,温度升到指定温度后保持热解1-3h,保持氮气流通条件下冷却至室温,用去离子水清洗,再研磨后过80-300目筛,50-80℃干燥3-8h,制备获得生物炭复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一的具体步骤如下:将苎麻去皮后的茎干燥、粉碎、研磨,过50-200目筛,得到苎麻茎粉末。
3.如权利要求1所述的生物炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述苎麻茎粉末与腐殖酸 钠溶液的固液比为1:20。
4.如权利要求1所述的生物炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2.1中,腐殖酸钠溶液超声10-30min后过滤,去除不溶物。
5.如权利要求4所述的生物炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生物炭改性材料与氯化亚铁和氯化铁的混合液的固液比为1:15~1:25。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一所述生物炭复合材料的制备方法制得的生物炭复合材料。
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