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CN106319760A - 一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106319760A
CN106319760A CN201610701486.0A CN201610701486A CN106319760A CN 106319760 A CN106319760 A CN 106319760A CN 201610701486 A CN201610701486 A CN 201610701486A CN 106319760 A CN106319760 A CN 106319760A
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CN106319760B (zh
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程学伟
刘建立
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Changshu Ydl-Spunlace Nonwoven Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法，包括，主料制备：所述主料包括阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料；将所述主料中的阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料按照质量比为1.0～1.5:1进行开松、混合后，依次进行铺网、加固、烘燥、热熔再加固、成卷、分切和包装，以形成洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料；使用该方法能够制备出染料吸附种类广泛、污渍吸附量大、吸附重金属离子、耐洗涤的非织造材料，以提升洗涤品质，拓展非织造材料的应用领域。

Description

一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织工程领域，特别是涉及一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法。
背景技术
在衣物洗涤时，染料和污渍在洗衣助剂、水和机械力作用下同时释放到水里，其中的一部分会重新沾染衣物，这将造成衣物在洗涤过程中染色，污渍在衣物毛绒内、缝纫缝隙和拼接部位上凝沉，造成衣物颜色串染和洗涤污染，影响洗涤质量和衣物穿着性能。如何避免洗衣过程中的因为深色衣服褪色形成的颜色串染和污渍在衣物上的再次沉淀已经成为困扰洗涤行业的一个瓶颈问题，兼具吸色防染和吸附污渍功能的非织造材料将为该问题的解决提供方案。
非织造材料通过非织造技术形成，具有生产流程短、生产效率高、应用范围广的特点，非织造材料源于纺织，但其加工技术又超越纺织的材料加工技术。非织造材料加工技术结合了纺织、造纸、皮革和塑料四大柔性材料加工技术，已经成为纤维材料加工主要技术。吸色防染和吸附污渍功能的非织造材料在洗涤行业的应用将大大拓展非织造材料的应用领域，同时解决困扰洗涤行业的衣物串染和污渍在洗涤过程中再次沉淀形成的污染问题。
已经商业化的洗涤用防染片、防染布或者防染巾等商品大都采用粘胶纤维的阳离子化技术，消除纤维素分子中羟基和相邻碳原子上氢原子之间形成的氢键，增加可以参加反应的羟基的数量。通过醚化反应，在粘胶纤维中的纤维素大分子的羟基上接枝阳离子基团，提高粘胶纤维的可及度和反应性，使得阳离子基团能够接枝在纤维素大分子上。阳离子基团的接枝提升了纤维素纤维吸附阴离子型染料和带负电荷的污渍的能力。然而，随着环境保护的趋于严格和人们对环境友好服装的追求，阳离子型染料和非离子型染料广泛应用。通过阳离子接枝技术制备的吸色防染片对洗涤过程中褪色的阳离子型染料和非离子型染料的吸色能力显得无能为力，而且对带有正电荷的污渍和重金属离子Cu2+、Pd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+等也无法实现吸附。
显而易见，如何制备出能够吸附洗涤过程中衣物褪去的各类染料、带不同电荷的污渍和重金属，提升洗涤品质已经成为本领域技术人员需要解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种吸色防染和吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，能够制备出染料吸附种类广泛、污渍吸附量大、吸附重金属离子、耐洗涤的非织造材料，以提升洗涤品质，拓展非织造材料的应用领域。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
主料制备：所述主料包括阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料；
将所述主料中的阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料按照质量比为1.0～1.5:1进行开松、混合后，依次进行铺网、加固、烘燥、热熔再加固、成卷、分切和包装，以形成洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料。
进一步的，所述混合过程中还加入小于等于主料质量20％的增强纤维材料，和小于等于主料质量10％的天然纤维素纤维或者再生纤维素纤维，以提高非织造材料在洗涤过程中的抗冲散能力、撕裂强度和非织造材料对非离子型染料的吸附能力。
进一步的，所述增强纤维材料为涤纶、锦纶或者腈纶中的至少一种；所述天然纤维素纤维为棉纤维、粘胶纤维、天丝或竹纤维中的至少一种；所述再生纤维素纤维为所述天然纤维素及天然纤维素伴生物经湿法纺丝形成的纤维。
进一步的，铺网后的加固方法能够使得纤维网中纤维之间相互纠缠交叉，形成牢固的非织造材料，加固方法为热粘合、针刺加固工艺或者水刺加固工艺。所述加固采用为热粘合工艺、针刺加固工艺或者水刺加固工艺。
进一步的，所述热熔再加固工艺为，对非织造材料采用热熔母粒进行点塑加固，不同热熔点之间的距离为3-5厘米，熔点直径为2-6毫米，以防止非织造材料在洗涤过程中纤维脱落，增加非织造材料的比表面积，实现非织造材料对颗粒状污渍的吸附量和吸附能力，防止吸附的污渍在洗涤过程中再次脱落。
再进一步的，本发明中所述阳离子纤维素基吸附材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将纤维素纤维在pH值为8-13、温度为20-100℃的碱性溶液中浸泡反应30-180分钟；从碱性溶液中取出纤维素纤维，加入浓度为160g/L-200g/L的阳离子纤维素接枝剂水溶液，在超声波辅助条件下反应20-60分钟；在高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，得到阳离子纤维素基吸附材料；取出阳离子纤维素基吸附材料在100-125℃下干燥35-60分钟，得到所述纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。
再进一步的，本发明中所述阴离子纤维素基吸附材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将纤维素纤维在pH值为8-13、温度为20-100℃的碱性溶液中浸泡反应30-180分钟；从碱性溶液中取出纤维素纤维，高速搅拌条件下用去离子水进行清洗至中性；取出后放入浓度为100-150g/L的阴离子纤维素衍生物和氧化剂组成的水溶液反应体系中，高能电子束辐照和戊二醛作为交联剂的联合作用下反应150-200分钟；最后再次高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，形成阴离子纤维素基吸附材料；取出阴离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100-125℃干燥35-60分钟，得到纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。
其中，阳离子纤维素接枝剂为十二烷基二甲基溴化铵、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵四丁基溴化铵、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵的至少一种，氧化剂一般采用次氯酸钠；阴离子纤维素衍生物为羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基甲基纤维素、纤维素硫酸钠中的至少一种(阴离子纤维素衍生物的作用是把纤维素上的羟基氧化为羧基，以吸附阳离子基团和带正电荷物质)；碱性溶液由碱金属对应的氢氧化合物、液氨、氨基锂、氨基钾或氨基钠之一与尿素或者硫脲组成的水溶液体系，例如LiOH/尿素或者KOH/硫脲的水溶液体系。
相比于现有技术，本发明提供的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料制备方法具有以下优点：
1.本发明提供的纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料和纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料制备方法中分别采用了超声波技术和高能电子束辐照技术，超声波作用加速了阳离子接枝剂与纤维素纤维之间的接枝作用，有效解决了原来的高温反应条件下，接枝效率低，反应速度慢的缺点。在纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料制备过程中采用高能电子束辐照可以有效地降低阴离子纤维素衍生物的粘度，减小纤维素大分子链刚度，加快结晶区域的溶胀，增加阴离子纤维素衍生物与纤维素大分子的交联作用，加快反应速度。
2.本发明提供的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料制备方法中不仅采用了纤维素纤维阳离子化技术制备了能够吸附阴离子型染料和带有负电荷的阳离子纤维基吸附材料。同时，根据现有织物染整和后整理技术中染料使用情况，制备了阴离子纤维素基吸附材料，解决了洗涤过程中褪色的阳离子型染料和非离子型染料吸附，而且实现了对带有正电荷的污渍和重金属离子Cu2+、Pd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+等吸附。
3.本发明提供的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料制备方法中在纤维混合工序中加入了入小于等于20％的增强纤维材料和小于等于10％的天然纤维素纤维或者再生纤维素纤维，以提高非织造材料在洗涤过程中的抗冲散能力、撕裂强度和非织造材料对非离子型染料的吸附能力。
4.本发明提供的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料制备方法中在热粘合、水刺或者针刺加工后，对非织造材料采用热熔母粒进行点塑加固，两个热熔点之间的距离为3-5厘米，熔点直径为2-6毫米，以防止非织造材料在洗涤过程中纤维脱落或者冲散，增加非织造材料的比表面积，实现非织造材料对颗粒状污渍的吸附量和吸附能力，防止吸附的污渍在洗涤过程中再次脱落。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的吸色防染和吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法进行更详细的描述。但是，为了条理清晰和避免细节混乱，实施例中将不描述全部实施特征，尤其是对本领域充分熟悉的技术人员来说，本发明中涉及的实验内容仅为常规工作。本发明的内容并不限制于以下实施例，其他通过本领域普通技术人员的常规手段的改进亦在本发明的思想范围之内。
实施例1
首先，以KOH/硫脲为碱性反应体系，配置pH值为12的碱性水溶液反应体系，碱液温度为65℃，对纤维素纤维进行浸泡45分钟后加入浓度为185g/L的阳离子纤维素接枝剂2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵，在超声波辅助条件下进行反应45分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，得到阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。取出阳离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100℃干燥60分钟，得到纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。
然后，以NaOH/尿素为碱性反应体系，配置pH值为10的碱性水溶液，碱液温度为70℃，对纤维素纤维进行浸泡45分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性。在常温水为反应介质的条件下加入浓度为130g/L的阴离子纤维素衍生物羧甲基纤维素，次氯酸钠为氧化剂的质量的35％，戊二醛用量为交联剂质量20％，15千戈瑞高能电子束辐照作用下反应60分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，形成阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。取出阴离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100℃干燥60分钟，得到纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。
在本实施例中，利用制备的纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材进行吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料。
首先，将纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料按照质量比为1.0进行开松和混合。在纤维混合过程中10％的丙纶纤维和5％的棉纤维，将4种纤维在棉箱中进行混合后进行铺网。铺网宽度为2.1米，采用水刺法进行纤维网加固。在水刺后对非织造材料采用热熔聚丙烯酰胺母粒进行点塑加固，两个热熔点之间的距离为5厘米，热熔点直径为4毫米。
然后，对制备完成的非织造材料进行温湿度平衡24小时，非织造材料下机面密度为200g/m2。对成卷后的非织造材料进行分切，试样宽度为10厘米，长度为18厘米。按照每盒20片试样进行包装，形成最终吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料。
在pH值为8的弱碱性洗涤环境下，采用家用滚筒洗衣机对标准负载重量为5千克，配置了标准IEC污染的洗涤负载进行2小时40分钟洗涤。在洗衣机内放置本发明制备的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样16g。在洗涤结束后，经过称重计算，吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样对污渍吸附量为0.042g/g，即1g吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样可以吸附0.042g污渍。
在pH值为7的中性环境下，以橙黄II、酸性红18、酸性红藏蓝R和牛仔靛蓝为染料，分别配置500ml，浓度2000μmol/L的染液各一份。在每份染液中放置1g吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样室温搅拌15分钟，并静置5分钟，取出试样40℃烘干后，分别计算试样对橙黄II、酸性红18、酸性红藏蓝R和牛仔靛蓝的吸附量为7.98mg/g、15.20mg/g、4.83mg/g和21.62mg/g，较单独采用阳离子纤维素纤维制备的防染吸色非织造试样，染料吸附量分别提高了40.21％、50.45％、300.13％和160.25％。
实施例2
首先，以NaOH/尿素为碱性反应体系，配置pH值为11的碱性水溶液反应体系，碱液温度为80℃，对纤维素纤维进行浸泡60分钟后加入浓度为200g/L的阳离子纤维素接枝剂N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵，在超声波辅助条件下进行反应60分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，得到阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。取出阳离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100℃干燥60分钟，得到纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。
然后，以NaOH/尿素为碱性反应体系，配置pH值为10的碱性水溶液，碱液温度为70℃，对纤维素纤维进行浸泡45分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性。在常温水为反应介质的条件下加入浓度为135g/L的阴离子纤维素衍生物羧甲基纤维素，次氯酸钠为氧化剂的质量的30％，戊二醛用量为交联剂质量22％，20千戈瑞高能电子束辐照作用下反应60分钟，然后高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，形成阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。取出阴离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100℃干燥55分钟，得到纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。
在本实施例中，利用制备的纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材进行吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料。
首先，将纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料按照质量比为1.2进行开松和混合。在纤维混合过程中13％的涤纶纤维和7％的粘胶纤维，将4种纤维在棉箱中进行混合后进行铺网。铺网宽度为2.3米，采用针刺法进行纤维网加固。在针刺后对非织造材料采用热熔聚丙烯酰胺母粒进行点塑加固，两个热熔点之间的距离为10厘米，热熔点直径为3毫米。
然后，对制备完成的非织造材料进行温湿度平衡12小时，非织造材料下机面密度为180g/m2。对成卷后的非织造材料进行分切，试样宽度为14厘米，长度为20厘米。按照每盒24片试样进行包装，形成最终吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料。
在pH值为7.8的弱碱性洗涤环境下，采用家用滚筒洗衣机对标准负载重量为7千克，配置了标准IEC污染的洗涤负载进行2小时洗涤。在洗衣机内放置本发明制备的吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样20g。在洗涤结束后，经过称重计算，吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样对污渍吸附量为0.078g/g，即1g吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样可以吸附0.078g污渍。
在pH值为7的中性环境下，以活性红R-10、活性黑K-09、活性蓝B-02和牛仔靛蓝为染料，分别配置500ml，浓度2000μmol/L的染液各一份。在每份染液中放置2g吸色防染和吸附污渍非织造材料试样室温搅拌15分钟，并静置5分钟，取出试样40℃烘干后，分别计算试样对活性红R-10、活性黑K-09、活性蓝B-02和牛仔靛蓝的吸附量为13.52mg/g、16.73mg/g、12.07mg/g和35.97mg/g，较单独采用阳离子纤维素纤维制备的同样重量的防染吸色非织造试样，染料吸附量分别提高了102.35％、105.72％、170.38％和200.63％。

Claims (10)

1.一种洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤，
主料制备：所述主料包括阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料；
将所述主料中的阴离子纤维素基吸附材料和阳离子纤维素基吸附材料按照质量比为1.0～1.5:1进行开松、混合后，依次进行铺网、加固、烘燥、热熔再加固、成卷、分切和包装，以形成洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合过程中还加入小于等于主料质量20％的增强纤维材料，和小于等于主料质量10％的天然纤维素纤维或者再生纤维素纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述增强纤维材料为涤纶、锦纶或者腈纶中的至少一种；所述天然纤维素纤维为棉纤维、粘胶纤维、天丝或竹纤维中的至少一种；所述再生纤维素纤维为所述天然纤维素及天然纤维素伴生物经湿法纺丝形成的纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述加固采用为热粘合工艺、针刺加固工艺或者水刺加固工艺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述热熔再加固工艺为，对非织造材料采用热熔母粒进行点塑加固，不同热熔点之间的距离为3-5厘米，熔点直径为2-6毫米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述阳离子纤维素基吸附材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将纤维素纤维在pH值为8-13、温度为20-100℃的碱性溶液中浸泡反应30-180分钟；从碱性溶液中取出纤维素纤维，加入浓度为160g/L-200g/L的阳离子纤维素接枝剂水溶液，在超声波辅助条件下反应20-60分钟；在高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对浸泡后的纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，得到阳离子纤维素基吸附材料；取出阳离子纤维素基吸附材料在100-125℃下干燥35-60分钟，得到所述纤维状阳离子纤维素基吸附材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述阴离子纤维素基吸附材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将纤维素纤维在pH值为8-13、温度为20-100℃的碱性溶液中浸泡反应30-180分钟；从碱性溶液中取出纤维素纤维，高速搅拌条件下用去离子水进行清洗至中性；取出后放入浓度为100-150g/L的阴离子纤维素衍生物和氧化剂组成的水溶液反应体系中，高能电子束辐照和戊二醛作为交联剂的联合作用下反应150-200分钟；最后再次高速搅拌条件下用去离子水对纤维素纤维进行清洗至中性，形成阴离子纤维素基吸附材料；取出阴离子纤维素基吸附材料进行100-125℃干燥35-60分钟，得到纤维状阴离子纤维素基吸附材料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述阳离子纤维素接枝剂为十二烷基二甲基溴化铵、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵四丁基溴化铵、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述阴离子纤维素衍生物为羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基甲基纤维素、纤维素硫酸钠中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求6-9之一所述的洗衣吸色防染与吸附污渍的非织造材料制备方法，其特征在于，所述碱性溶液由碱金属对应的氢氧化合物、液氨、氨基锂、氨基钾或氨基钠之一与尿素或者硫脲组成的水溶液体系。
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