CN106286362B - Fan for cooling transformer evaluation of running status method and system based on noise - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法及系统，方法步骤包括检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号并提取噪声信号特征参数，将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常；系统包括噪声信号检测程序单元、特征参数提取程序单元和风扇运行状态判断程序单元。本发明能够通过噪声检测判断变压器冷却风扇的运行状态，无需改变变压器的运行状态、测试方便，无需接触带电设备，检测安全性高、测试准确可靠。
The invention discloses a noise-based evaluation method and system for the operating state of a cooling fan of a transformer. Compared with the characteristic parameter threshold, if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the cooling fan of the transformer is operating abnormally, otherwise it is determined that the cooling fan is operating normally; the system includes a noise signal detection program unit and a characteristic parameter extraction program Unit and fan operating state judgment program unit. The invention can judge the running state of the cooling fan of the transformer through noise detection, without changing the running state of the transformer, convenient for testing, without contacting live equipment, high in detection safety, and accurate and reliable in testing.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力安全监测技术，具体涉及一种基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法及系统。The invention relates to electric power safety monitoring technology, in particular to a method and system for evaluating the operating state of a cooling fan of a transformer based on noise.
背景技术Background technique
随着电网规模的不断增大以及城市建设速度的不断提高，越来越多的变电站处于城市居民区周围。许多投运时间较久的110kV与220kV变电站仍然采用带有冷却风扇的主变压器，导致变电站噪声影响问题突出，围绕该类型变电站噪声问题有关的投诉与纠纷数量不断上升。变压器噪声分为本体噪声与冷却风扇噪声，其中，冷却风扇具有与变压器本体相当的噪声水平。变压器噪声水平过高很大程度上是因为冷却风扇运行状态异常引起的，因此，变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价对于变压器噪声控制具有实际意义。目前，在对变压器冷却风扇运行状态进行评价时，主要采用声级计分别测量冷却风扇投入运行以及冷却风扇停运两种运行方式下的变压器噪声水平，并利用声压级相减的方法确定风扇噪声值，根据该噪声值与风扇铭牌示值的比较判断冷却风扇的运行状态。该方法主要存在以下不足：1、该方法需要改变变压器的运行方式，可能造成变压器油温过高，不利于设备的安全运行；2、该方法无法直接测量冷却风扇噪声，需要对设备噪声进行多次反复测量，测试时间较长。With the continuous increase of the scale of the power grid and the continuous improvement of the speed of urban construction, more and more substations are located around urban residential areas. Many 110kV and 220kV substations that have been in operation for a long time still use main transformers with cooling fans, resulting in prominent noise impacts in substations, and the number of complaints and disputes related to noise problems in this type of substations continues to increase. Transformer noise is divided into body noise and cooling fan noise, where the cooling fan has a noise level comparable to that of the transformer body. The high noise level of the transformer is largely caused by the abnormal operation state of the cooling fan. Therefore, the evaluation of the operation state of the transformer cooling fan has practical significance for the noise control of the transformer. At present, when evaluating the operation status of the cooling fan of the transformer, the sound level meter is mainly used to measure the noise level of the transformer under the two operation modes of the cooling fan in operation and the cooling fan out of operation, and the method of subtracting the sound pressure level is used to determine the noise level of the fan. Noise value, judge the running state of the cooling fan according to the comparison between the noise value and the value indicated on the fan nameplate. This method mainly has the following disadvantages: 1. This method needs to change the operation mode of the transformer, which may cause the oil temperature of the transformer to be too high, which is not conducive to the safe operation of the equipment; 2. This method cannot directly measure the noise of the cooling fan, and it is necessary to perform multiple measurements on the noise of the equipment. Repeated measurement times, the test time is longer.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题：针对现有技术的上述问题，提供一种能够通过噪声检测判断变压器冷却风扇的运行状态，无需改变变压器的运行状态、测试方便，无需接触带电设备，检测安全性高、测试准确可靠的基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法及系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention: Aiming at the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, provide a method that can judge the operating state of the transformer cooling fan through noise detection, without changing the operating state of the transformer, convenient for testing, and without contact with live equipment, and has high detection safety , Test accurate and reliable method and system for evaluating the operating state of transformer cooling fan based on noise.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一方面，本发明提供一种基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法，步骤包括：On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the operating state of a cooling fan of a transformer based on noise, the steps comprising:
1）检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号；1) Detect the noise signal at the selected noise detection point of the transformer;
2）针对噪声信号提取噪声信号特征参数；2) Extract the characteristic parameters of the noise signal for the noise signal;
3）将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常。3) Compare the noise signal characteristic parameter with the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the transformer cooling fan is operating abnormally, otherwise it is determined that the cooling fan is operating normally .
优选地，步骤1）中的选定噪声检测点位于变压器正面1/2变压器高度、且距离变压器1m。Preferably, the selected noise detection point in step 1) is located at 1/2 the height of the transformer on the front of the transformer and 1m away from the transformer.
优选地，步骤2）中的噪声信号特征参数为噪声信号的非50Hz谐频能量比重，所述非50Hz谐频能量比重为2kHz频率范围内非50Hz及其谐频频率噪声信号的幅值和与2kHz频率范围内所有频率噪声信号幅值和的比值。Preferably, the characteristic parameter of the noise signal in step 2) is the non-50Hz harmonic energy proportion of the noise signal, and the non-50Hz harmonic energy proportion is the sum of the amplitude and The ratio of the sum of the noise signal amplitudes at all frequencies in the 2kHz frequency range.
优选地，步骤3）中预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值的确定步骤包括：Preferably, the step of determining the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold in step 3) includes:
S1）检测变压器选定噪声检测点在冷却风扇正常运行状态下的噪声信号并提取正常噪声信号特征参数；S1) Detect the noise signal of the selected noise detection point of the transformer under the normal operation state of the cooling fan and extract the characteristic parameters of the normal noise signal;
S2）从正常噪声信号特征参数中选出最大值，再乘以预设倍数得到预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值。S2) Select the maximum value from the characteristic parameters of the normal noise signal, and then multiply it by a preset multiple to obtain a preset threshold value of the characteristic parameter of the noise signal.
优选地，所述预设倍数为1.5倍。Preferably, the preset multiple is 1.5 times.
优选地， 所述冷却风扇正常运行状态具体是指选定噪声检测点的噪声值在冷却风扇投运前后的差值在3dB(A)以内。Preferably, the normal operating state of the cooling fan specifically means that the difference of the noise value at the selected noise detection point before and after the cooling fan is put into operation is within 3dB(A).
另一方面，本发明还提供一种基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价系统，包括：On the other hand, the present invention also provides a noise-based transformer cooling fan operating state evaluation system, including:
噪声信号检测程序单元，用于检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号；The noise signal detection program unit is used to detect the noise signal at the selected noise detection point of the transformer;
特征参数提取程序单元，用于针对噪声信号提取噪声信号特征参数；A feature parameter extraction program unit is used to extract noise signal feature parameters for the noise signal;
风扇运行状态判断程序单元，用于将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常。The fan operating state judging program unit is used to compare the noise signal characteristic parameter with the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, and if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the transformer cooling fan is in an abnormal operating state, Otherwise, it is determined that the cooling fan is running normally.
本发明基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法具有下述优点：本发明检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号，针对噪声信号提取噪声信号特征参数，将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常，能够通过噪声检测判断变压器冷却风扇的运行状态，具有无需改变变压器的运行状态、测试方便，无需接触带电设备，检测安全性高、测试准确可靠的优点。The noise-based evaluation method for the operating state of the transformer cooling fan of the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention detects the noise signal of the selected noise detection point of the transformer, extracts the characteristic parameters of the noise signal for the noise signal, and combines the characteristic parameters of the noise signal with the preset noise signal Compared with the characteristic parameter threshold, if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the cooling fan of the transformer is operating abnormally, otherwise it is determined that the cooling fan is operating normally, and the operating state of the cooling fan of the transformer can be judged through noise detection. It has the advantages of no need to change the operating state of the transformer, convenient testing, no need to contact live equipment, high detection safety, and accurate and reliable testing.
本发明基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价系统为本发明基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法完全对应的装置，因此同样也具有本发明基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法的前述优点，故在此不再赘述。The noise-based transformer cooling fan operating state evaluation system of the present invention is a device corresponding completely to the noise-based transformer cooling fan operating state evaluation method of the present invention, and therefore also has the aforementioned advantages of the noise-based transformer cooling fan operating state evaluation method of the present invention, So I won't repeat them here.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例方法的基本流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the basic process of the method of the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示，本实施例基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法的步骤包括：As shown in Figure 1, the steps of the noise-based transformer cooling fan operating state evaluation method in this embodiment include:
1）检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号；1) Detect the noise signal at the selected noise detection point of the transformer;
2）针对噪声信号提取噪声信号特征参数；2) Extract the characteristic parameters of the noise signal for the noise signal;
3）将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常。3) Compare the noise signal characteristic parameter with the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the transformer cooling fan is operating abnormally, otherwise it is determined that the cooling fan is operating normally .
本实施例中，步骤1）中的选定噪声检测点位于变压器正面1/2变压器高度、且距离变压器1m。In this embodiment, the selected noise detection point in step 1) is located at 1/2 the height of the transformer on the front of the transformer and is 1m away from the transformer.
本实施例中，步骤2）中的噪声信号特征参数为噪声信号的非50Hz谐频能量比重，非50Hz谐频能量比重为2kHz频率范围内非50Hz及其谐频频率噪声信号的幅值和与2kHz频率范围内所有频率噪声信号幅值和的比值。变压器噪声是变压器本体噪声与冷却风扇噪声相互叠加的结果。由于铁心的磁致伸缩以及绕组间的周期性电动力的交互作用，对于工频50Hz交流系统，变压器本体的噪声频谱主要集中在2kHz范围内的50Hz及其整数倍频率上。冷却风扇噪声具有白噪声的特点，除本身旋转频率外，其余噪声频率在2kHz范围内分布较为均匀，不仅仅局限于50Hz及其整数倍频率上。因此，当变压器冷却风扇因运行时间过久而发生劣化时，其频带范围内各频率点噪声幅值将发生变化，而以50Hz及其整数倍频率为特征频率的变压器本体噪声并未发生改变。因此，选取噪声信号中非50Hz谐频能量比重作为冷却风扇运行状态判断的特征参数能够取得较好的效果。In this embodiment, the characteristic parameter of the noise signal in step 2) is the non-50Hz harmonic energy proportion of the noise signal, and the non-50Hz harmonic energy proportion is the sum of the amplitude and The ratio of the sum of the noise signal amplitudes at all frequencies in the 2kHz frequency range. Transformer noise is the result of superposition of transformer body noise and cooling fan noise. Due to the magnetostriction of the iron core and the periodic electrodynamic interaction between the windings, for the power frequency 50Hz AC system, the noise spectrum of the transformer body is mainly concentrated on the frequency of 50Hz and its integer multiples within the range of 2kHz. The cooling fan noise has the characteristics of white noise. Except for its own rotation frequency, the other noise frequencies are relatively evenly distributed within the range of 2kHz, not limited to 50Hz and its integer multiples. Therefore, when the transformer cooling fan deteriorates due to long-term operation, the noise amplitude of each frequency point within its frequency band will change, while the transformer body noise with 50Hz and its integral multiple frequency as the characteristic frequency does not change. Therefore, selecting the non-50Hz harmonic frequency energy proportion in the noise signal as the characteristic parameter for judging the operating state of the cooling fan can achieve better results.
本实施例中，步骤3）中预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值的确定步骤包括：In this embodiment, the step of determining the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold in step 3) includes:
S1）检测变压器选定噪声检测点在冷却风扇正常运行状态下的噪声信号并提取正常噪声信号特征参数；S1) Detect the noise signal of the selected noise detection point of the transformer under the normal operation state of the cooling fan and extract the characteristic parameters of the normal noise signal;
S2）从正常噪声信号特征参数中选出最大值，再乘以预设倍数得到预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值；本实施例中，冷却风扇正常运行状态具体是指选定噪声检测点的噪声值在冷却风扇投运前后的差值在3dB(A)以内。S2) Select the maximum value from the characteristic parameters of the normal noise signal, and then multiply it by a preset multiple to obtain the preset threshold value of the characteristic parameter of the noise signal; in this embodiment, the normal operating state of the cooling fan specifically refers to the noise at the selected noise detection point The difference between the value before and after the cooling fan is put into operation is within 3dB(A).
本实施例中，检测变压器选定噪声检测点在冷却风扇正常运行状态下的噪声信号并提取噪声信号特征参数最大值为0.197。本实施例中，预设倍数为1.5倍，因此0.197乘以预设倍数后得到预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值为0.296。本实施例中，对另一台运行时间超过20年且冷却风扇存在异常的变压器噪声信号进行检测，该变压器噪声信号的特征参数为0.331，由于该变压器噪声信号特征参数大于预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值(即0.296)，因此，判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，该判断结果与实际情况相符。In this embodiment, the noise signal at the selected noise detection point of the transformer is detected under the normal operation state of the cooling fan, and the maximum value of the characteristic parameter of the noise signal is extracted to be 0.197. In this embodiment, the preset multiple is 1.5 times, so after multiplying 0.197 by the preset multiple, the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold value is 0.296. In this embodiment, the noise signal of another transformer whose operation time exceeds 20 years and the cooling fan is abnormal is detected. The characteristic parameter of the transformer noise signal is 0.331. Since the characteristic parameter of the transformer noise signal is greater than the preset noise signal characteristic The parameter threshold (that is, 0.296), therefore, it is determined that the cooling fan of the transformer is operating abnormally, and the judgment result is consistent with the actual situation.
本实施例基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价方法具体是基于计算机程序来实现的，基于计算机程序实现的基于噪声的变压器冷却风扇运行状态评价系统包括：The noise-based evaluation method for the operating state of the transformer cooling fan in this embodiment is specifically implemented based on a computer program, and the noise-based evaluation system for the operating state of the transformer cooling fan implemented based on the computer program includes:
噪声信号检测程序单元，用于检测变压器选定噪声检测点的噪声信号；The noise signal detection program unit is used to detect the noise signal at the selected noise detection point of the transformer;
特征参数提取程序单元，用于针对噪声信号提取噪声信号特征参数；A feature parameter extraction program unit is used to extract noise signal feature parameters for the noise signal;
风扇运行状态判断程序单元，用于将噪声信号特征参数和预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值进行对比，如果噪声信号特征参数超过预设的噪声信号特征参数阈值，则判定变压器冷却风扇运行状态异常，否则判定冷却风扇运行状态正常。The fan operating state judging program unit is used to compare the noise signal characteristic parameter with the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, and if the noise signal characteristic parameter exceeds the preset noise signal characteristic parameter threshold, it is determined that the transformer cooling fan is in an abnormal operating state, Otherwise, it is determined that the cooling fan is running normally.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN114279727B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-02-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司宿迁供电分公司 | Method for judging aging of transformer cooling device |
| CN114299990B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-12-31 | 杭州老板电器股份有限公司 | Abnormal sound recognition and audio injection control method and system for range hood |
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| CN104156554A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-11-19 | 国家电网公司 | Method for recording and evaluating noise of transformer |
| CN104314851A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-28 | 国家电网公司 | Monitoring device for running state of transformer fan |
| CN104964738A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | 国家电网公司 | Noise separation-based power transformer noise assessment method |
| CN105508276A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Method for evaluating noise of main transformer fan of urban transformer substation |
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| JP2002151334A (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-05-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Transformer with cooling unit |
| TR201311489A2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2014-12-22 | Canovate Elektronik Enduestri Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Smart power distribution unit with energy consumption meter |
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| CN104156554A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-11-19 | 国家电网公司 | Method for recording and evaluating noise of transformer |
| CN104314851A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-28 | 国家电网公司 | Monitoring device for running state of transformer fan |
| CN104964738A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | 国家电网公司 | Noise separation-based power transformer noise assessment method |
| CN105508276A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Method for evaluating noise of main transformer fan of urban transformer substation |
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