CN106258759A

CN106258759A - A kind of cultural method of red pear

Info

Publication number: CN106258759A
Application number: CN201610706344.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈福志; 辛万利
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-08-23
Filing date: 2016-08-23
Publication date: 2017-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of red pear, the birch-leaf pear Seedling that stock is planted in March by birch-leaf pear kind, in mid or late August then, by the twig grafting on the red radish seedling tree of selection-breeding on birchleaf pear rootstock trunk top, cultivation of buddering is grown up, high-quality red pear Seedling is i.e. cultivated after fall foliage, Second Year carries out cutting anvil before germination spring, unbind, smear anvil bud, high-quality red pear Seedling is i.e. cultivated after fall foliage, strengthen management after seedling planting, after carrying out carving germ tube reason next spring, promote that it carries out bud differentiation, form full bud, next year does florescence pollination management well, stay limit fruit, do bagging well, the bright leaf phase strengthens rich water quality management, can gather mauve melonidum.The present invention is greatly improved the income of orchard worker, and cultivation technique is prone to grasp.

Description

A kind of cultural method of red pear

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultural method of a planting fruit-trees, the cultural method of a kind of red pear.

Background technology

At present, the situation is tense for China's pear tree cultivation, and kind is various in style, the aging backwardness of kind, poor quality, not storage tolerance, Color and luster is dull, and benefit is low, it is difficult to sell fruit, even can not be sold, and large stretch of theatre starts to cut down, and the red pear that we select, fruit Greatly, peel aubergine, sugar content is high, and market price is up to 8 yuan/jin, and market potential is big, and high efficiency, is face in current melonidum product Color is the most bright-coloured, and quality is best, most effective improved seeds.But the employing traditional method effect of breeding of this red pear is paid no attention to Think, it is necessary to invent a kind of new cultural method.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the cultural method of a kind of red pear.

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following cultural method:

A, stock are cultivated: select the birch-leaf pear seed that kernel is full, after through winter, sand hides Stratificated treatment, in the birch-leaf pear of plantation at the beginning of 3 months Seedling is as stock；

B, grafting: when birch-leaf pear Seedling base diameter reaches more than 0.6, in late August then, choose on red radish seedling tree Twig grafting on birchleaf pear rootstock trunk top；

C, field planting: nursery stock to be grafted grows to more than 80cm, or when root footpath reaches more than 0.8-1cm, after fall foliage or second Spring in year carries out field planting before germinateing；

D, fixed dry: heading height 60-70cm, the rudiment to nursery stock top 20-30cm is protected with plastic film bag, germinates after branching out in time Pluck bag；

E, management: before Second Year germination in spring, stock more than position of buddering is cut, and unbinds buddering, anvil of erasing Wood sprout tillers, when young sprout grows to more than 20cm, topdresses in time and waters, spray foliage fertilizer, carve bud spring, award at the pear tree florescence Tube cell is managed；

F, pruning: based on summer pruning, adapt to light pruning winter, and the first two years is to draw branch, and within 3 years, life is to climb the tree, and should cut Except overstocked branch, major branch angle keeps 50 to 60 degree, tree-like based on Y-shaped, cuts overstocked, the most weak bud when the winter cuts.

In described step A, birch-leaf pear seed must under 5 degrees celsius Sand culture more than 50 days, next spring accelerating germination sow, often Mu application rate about 1.

Twig in described step B, for red by the young sprout Huang in that seed choosing method is selected, the red radish seedling of growing directly from seeds Color, spire aubergine, spend the twig on peach branch.

In described E step, it is that the trunk of position more than the 1cm that budders is wiped out together with branch.

In described E step, pollination management by 2 casees Apiss of every mu of use or takes artificial pollination.

The urea liquid that foliage fertilizer is 3 ‰ in described E step；Described topdressing is watered as First Year after field planting, works as young sprout When length is to 20cm, topdresses and water once, be spaced 10-15 days, topdress continuously and water 3-4 time；Wherein, based on nitrogenous fertilizer before July, About 0.2 jin of carbamide is executed in strain every time, and based on phosphorus potash fertilizer after August, potassium dihydrogen phosphate about 0.1 jin is executed in each strain, executes every time Water a water after fertilizer immediately, autumn early basal dressing, it is desirable to completing in late September or early October, mu is executed farmyard manure and is no less than 5000 kilograms, coordinate N P and K and trace-element fertilizer ditching to apply, water after executing.

After using above-mentioned cultural method, the present invention utilizes birch-leaf pear Seedling as stock, and Miao Jizhuan, by red radish seedling tree On twig grafting on birchleaf pear rootstock trunk, cultivation of buddering is grown up, i.e. cultivate high-quality red pear Seedling after fall foliage, and nursery stock is fixed Strengthen management after planting, after carrying out carving germ tube reason next spring, promote that it carries out bud differentiation, form full bud, next Doing florescence pollination management year well, stayed limit fruit, done bagging well, the bright leaf phase strengthens rich water quality management, mauve pears of can gathering Really, the present invention is greatly improved the income of orchard worker, and cultivation technique is prone to grasp.

Detailed description of the invention

The cultural method of red pear, according to the following steps operation:

A, stock are cultivated: select the birch-leaf pear seed that kernel is full, after through winter, sand hides Stratificated treatment, in the birch-leaf pear of plantation at the beginning of 3 months Seedling is as stock.Birch-leaf pear seed must under 5 degrees celsius Sand culture more than 50 days, to improve germination percentage, next spring accelerating germination is broadcast Kind, every mu of application rate about 1.

B, grafting: when birch-leaf pear Seedling base diameter reaches more than 0.6, in late August then, choose red radish seedling A twig grafting on tree is on birchleaf pear rootstock trunk top, and grafting part is apart from ground more than 15.This twig is by reality Give birth to young sprout yellowish red color, spire aubergine that seed choosing method is selected, in red radish seedling, spend the branch on peach branch Bud, young fruit is to mellow fruit aubergine, best in quality.

C, field planting: nursery stock to be grafted grows to more than 80cm, or when root footpath reaches more than 0.8-1cm, after fall foliage or Second Year carries out field planting before germination spring.Planting density is every mu of 100 120 strains, for improving early yield, can encrypt and plant.

D, fixed dry: heading height 60-70cm, the rudiment to nursery stock top 20-30cm is protected with plastic film bag, prevents the insect from being Evil, germinates and plucks bag in time after branching out, and surely dry branch of nursery stock is many.

E, management: before Second Year germination in spring, being cut by stock more than position of buddering, beta pruning position will be for buddering position The trunk of more than 1cm is wiped out together with branch, and unbinds buddering, stock sprout tillers of erasing, when young sprout grows to more than 20cm, Topdress in time and water, preventing disease pest control, spray foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer is the urea liquid of 3 ‰.Carving bud spring, effect is preferable, band girdle Easily dead arm, carries out pollination management at the pear tree florescence, and pollination management by 2 casees Apiss of every mu of use or takes artificial pollination.

F, pruning: based on summer pruning, adapt to light pruning winter, and the first two years is to draw branch, and within 3 years, life is to climb the tree, Should wipe out overstocked branch, major branch angle keeps 50 to 60 degree, tree-like based on Y-shaped, cuts overstocked, the most weak flower when the winter cuts Bud.

Fruit tree specifically manages: 1. First Year after field planting, when young sprout length to 20cm, topdresses and waters once, is spaced 10-15 My god, to topdress continuously and water 3-4 time, based on nitrogenous fertilizer before July, about 0.2 jin of carbamide is executed in each strain, with phosphorus potash fertilizer after August Being main, potassium dihydrogen phosphate about 0.1 jin is executed in each strain, waters a water immediately after fertilising every time.Autumn early basal dressing, it is desirable to 9 The last ten-days period moon or early October complete, and mu is executed farmyard manure and is no less than 5000 kilograms, coordinate N P and K and trace-element fertilizer, such as: add Entering compound potassium sulfate fertilizer about 40 kilograms or fruit-specific fertilizer about 70 kilograms and 35 kilograms of zinc sulfate, ditching applies, Shi Hou Water.2. the measures such as Second Year after field planting, carries out pruning and carve bud, girdling, promote flower_bud formation, and during pruning, treelet is suitable Light pruning, the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth, back, competitive branch suitably remove, and carve bud spring, become flower effect preferable, and the easy dead arm of band girdle should use ring Cut promote into colored.3. after field planting the 3rd year, doing flower and fruit management well, the florescence every mu places 2 casees Apiss, fruit thinning should after bearing fruit first quarter moon Completing, an inflorescence stays a fruit, and leaf-fruit ratio is 25-30:1, and fruit is advisable with fruit spacing 25cm.Trees in richful production period yield should control About 2500-3000 kilogram.

Insect pest preventing and controlling: red pear pest and disease damage is relatively light, and almost without pest and disease damage, insect pest mainly has aphid, pear sucker etc., and disease has Scab, leaf mold, prevention emphasis is pear sucker and scab, sprays 5 degree of lime sulfurs, spray one mid-April before germinateing Prevent and treat pear sucker all over the raw M-45 of A Bading increasing, protect blade, a time imidacloprid of the beginning of June spray by the end of May, prevent eliminating aphis, lucky star 5000 times of preventing and treating scabs, mid-July, spray a A Badingjia carbendazim, preventing and treating pear sucker and scab.

Claims

1. a cultural method for red pear, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

The cultural method of red pear the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step A, birch-leaf pear seed must be Celsius 5 Sand culture more than 50 days under the conditions of degree, next spring accelerating germination sowing, every mu of application rate about 1.

The cultural method of red pear the most according to claim 1, its characteristic is the twig in described step B, for by growing directly from seeds Young sprout yellowish red color, spire aubergine in that seed choosing method is selected, red radish seedling, spend the branch on peach branch Bud.

The cultural method of red pear the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described E step, be by budder position 1cm with On trunk wipe out together with branch.

The cultural method of red pear the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described E step, pollination management is by every mu of use 2 Case Apis or take artificial pollination.

The cultural method of red pear the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that the urine that foliage fertilizer is 3 ‰ in described E step Cellulose solution；Described topdressing is watered as First Year after field planting, when young sprout length to 20cm, topdresses and waters once, is spaced 10-15 days, Topdress continuously and water 3-4 time；Wherein, based on nitrogenous fertilizer before July, about 0.2 jin of carbamide is executed in each strain, with phosphorus potassium after August Fertilizer is main, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate about 0.1 jin is executed in each strain, waters a water after fertilising immediately every time, autumn early basal dressing, it is desirable to Late September or early October complete, and mu is executed farmyard manure and is no less than 5000 kilograms, coordinate N P and K and trace-element fertilizer ditching to execute Enter, water after executing.