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CN106221594B - 一种感温变色光伏组件 - Google Patents

一种感温变色光伏组件 Download PDF

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CN106221594B
CN106221594B CN201610683865.1A CN201610683865A CN106221594B CN 106221594 B CN106221594 B CN 106221594B CN 201610683865 A CN201610683865 A CN 201610683865A CN 106221594 B CN106221594 B CN 106221594B
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temperature
adhesive film
heat discoloration
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CN106221594A (zh
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廖洁
陈坤
王同心
杨继明
张宪哲
刘香安
沙锐
王怀伟
冒艺
孙万南
王艳宁
王强
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Zhong Tian Photovoltaic Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件,所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃,透明EVA胶膜,晶体硅电池片,感温EVA胶膜,白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板,其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜,交联度为40~60%。本发明在光伏组件中增加一层感温EVA胶膜,使得光伏组件在太阳的照射下可以根据温度值进行直接变色显示,从而全面了解光伏组件上各个区域内的温度变化,免去工作人员逐点测量的工作,避免不安全事故的发生。

Description

一种感温变色光伏组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏组件,具体涉及一种感温变色光伏组件。
背景技术
随着传统化石燃料的日趋消耗枯竭,人类不断寻求新的能源替代方案。太阳能是目前公认的绿色可再生资源,太阳能光伏组件的基本结构从上往下是由光伏钢化玻璃、上层EVA、晶体硅电池片、下层EVA和光伏背板组成。
其中,钢化玻璃和上、下两层EVA均为无色透明,而背板一般做成白色以提高反射率,进而提高电池组件的工作效率。在整个太阳能光伏组件中,起关键作用的是晶体硅电池片,其作用是将太阳能转换成电能,并送往蓄电池中存储起来,或推动负载工作。
一般情况下的光伏组件的工作温度为50~80℃,但在一些阳光较为充裕的地区,组件温度有可能会高于80℃,而且温度分布极不均匀,这就对光伏组件的工作效率造成影响,特别是电池片,其工作时温度高于整个组件的其他任何地方,而相对高的温度往往会影响着组件的工作效率,一般组件每升高1℃,输出功率就会下降0.4%。但是光伏组件一般铺设面积较大,对于组件中何处温度高,何处温度低我们无法获悉,这就对于后期进行相应降温处理产生影响,为此我们需要去了解光伏组件表面不同区域内的温度变化情况。
目前测试组件温度的方法较为简陋,多为工作人员拿温度探测器去各个点进行测量,不仅工作量巨大,而且得到的数据不全面、不准确,更重要的是,还有可能存在中暑、触电、烫伤及摔伤等危险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种感温变色光伏组件,在光伏组件中增加一层感温EVA胶膜,使得光伏组件在太阳的照射下可以根据温度值进行直接变色显示,从而全面了解光伏组件上各个区域内的温度变化,免去工作人员逐点测量的工作,避免不安全事故的发生。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下 :一种感温变色光伏组件,所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃,透明EVA胶膜,晶体硅电池片,感温EVA胶膜,白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板,其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜,交联度为40~60%,具体包括以下重量份的组分:
EVA树脂 60~100份;
可逆感温变色粉 10~30份;
增粘剂 8~12份;
交联剂 5~10份;
抗氧剂 0.1~5份;
抗紫外剂 0.1~5份;
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%。
所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯。
所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合。
所述抗紫外剂为2,2’-四亚甲基双(3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基 -5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件,通过在光伏组件电池片下方增加一层感温EVA胶膜,使得光伏组件在工作时的温度变化可以通过颜色变化实时显示(主要是观察电池片的温度变化),以利于工作人员全面,直观的观察到光伏组件的温度变化,避免了不安全事故的发生。为了便于对感温EVA胶膜颜色变化的观察,对下方的EVA胶膜做成白色(既可以便于颜色变化的观察,还可以起到高反射的效果),同时在感温EVA胶膜制备时进行预交联处理,控制交联度为40~60%,交联度的控制不仅防止感温EVA胶膜中的感温变色粉污染电池,还防止后续层压过程中因为胶层应力过大造成电池片压碎,同时防止层压后胶层粘结性差而降低抗老化能力,同时在电池片下方采用两层结构,不仅提高了EVA胶层的反射率,而且增强了电池片下方的缓冲力,防止电池片在层压过程中被压碎的可能,提高其成品率。
针对感温EVA胶膜的制备,我们采用感温变色粉作为感温变色的基材,由于感温变色粉在使用过程中颜色循环变化次数是有限的,而且随着紫外光照射的强烈程度对循环次数的影响更大,为此我们在抗紫外剂的使用上增加了使用量(抗紫外剂的使用量在0.1~5份),在不影响感温EVA胶膜性能的前提下,减缓紫外光的照射,从而保障感温变色粉温变循环次数,此外感温EVA胶膜需要进行预交联处理,将感温EVA胶膜成膜后会置于70-100℃热处理12h进行预交联,使得感温EVA胶膜中的感温变色粉不会进行表面迁移而污染晶体硅电池片,同时预交联处理后的EVA胶膜尺寸稳定性及耐热性更佳,利于存储;同时在进行层压工艺时,可防止溢胶从而污染层压设备。
有益效果:本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件,在光伏组件中增加感温EVA胶膜,使得光伏组件具备感温变色功能,在工作时可以通过颜色变化实时显示温度变化,让工作人员及时了解光伏组件各个区域内的温度分布情况,进行相应降温处理,不需要人员进行逐点测温,提高了效率也降低安全事故的发生率。
附图说明
图1为本发明感温变色光伏组件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件,所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃1,透明EVA胶膜2,晶体硅电池片3,感温EVA胶膜4,白色EVA胶膜5以及光伏背板6,其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜,交联度为40~60%,具体包括以下重量份的组分:EVA树脂60~100份;可逆感温变色粉10~30份;增粘剂8~12份;交联剂5~10份;抗氧剂0.1~5份;抗紫外剂0.1~5份;
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%;所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷;所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯;所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合; 所述抗紫外剂为2,2’-四亚甲基双(3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基 -5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明中感温EVA胶膜的的制备方法为:将所有材料投入高速混合机中混合均匀,然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥,将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中,在120℃下流延成膜,经冷却、切边后收卷,然后置于鼓风干燥机中70-100℃热处理12h,即得到预交联感温EVA胶膜。
本发明中感温变色光伏组件的制备方法为:将光伏玻璃、EVA胶膜、电池片、感温EVA胶膜、白色EVA胶膜和背板在层压机中经过150℃层压15min即得到所述感温变色光伏组件。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明中感温EVA胶膜进行详细阐述。
实施例1
将EVA树脂60份;可逆感温变色粉10份;增粘剂8份;交联剂5份;抗氧剂0.1份;抗紫外剂0.1份投入高速混合机中混合均匀,然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥,将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中,在120℃下流延成膜,经冷却、切边后收卷,然后置于鼓风干燥机中70℃热处理12h,即得到交联度为40%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例2
将EVA树脂75份;可逆感温变色粉20份;增粘剂9.5份;交联剂8份;抗氧剂2份;抗紫外剂3份投入高速混合机中混合均匀,然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥,将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中,在120℃下流延成膜,经冷却、切边后收卷,然后置于鼓风干燥机中80℃热处理12h,即得到交联度为44%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例3
将EVA树脂90份;可逆感温变色粉25份;增粘剂11份;交联剂7份;抗氧剂4份;抗紫外剂4份投入高速混合机中混合均匀,然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥,将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中,在120℃下流延成膜,经冷却、切边后收卷,然后置于鼓风干燥机中90℃热处理12h,即得到交联度为50%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例4
将EVA树脂100份;可逆感温变色粉30份;增粘剂12份;交联剂10份;抗氧剂5份;抗紫外剂5份投入高速混合机中混合均匀,然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥,将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中,在120℃下流延成膜,经冷却、切边后收卷,然后置于鼓风干燥机中100℃热处理12h,即得到交联度为60%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
以上对本发明创造的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明创造的实施范围。凡依本发明创造申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均归属于本发明创造的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于:所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃,透明EVA胶膜,晶体硅电池片,感温EVA胶膜,白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板,其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜,交联度为40~60%,具体包括以下重量份的组分:
EVA树脂 60~100份;
可逆感温变色粉 10~30份;
增粘剂 8~12份;
交联剂 5~10份;
抗氧剂 0.1~5份;
抗紫外剂 0.1~5份;
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于:所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于:所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于:所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件,其特征在于: 所述抗紫外剂为2,2’-四亚甲基双(3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基-5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
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