CN106034875A - Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method - Google Patents
Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106034875A CN106034875A CN201610370168.0A CN201610370168A CN106034875A CN 106034875 A CN106034875 A CN 106034875A CN 201610370168 A CN201610370168 A CN 201610370168A CN 106034875 A CN106034875 A CN 106034875A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- seedling
- throwing
- fertilizer
- early
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: performing sprout cultivation, i.e., applying decomposed human and animal manure to each mu; selecting an early and mid-season paddy rice kind for sowing; performing seedbed management, i.e., applying a "weaning fertilizer" during a one-leaf one-core stage; applying a "special nitrogen fertilizer" three to four days earlier before transplantation; throwing, i.e., performing field tilling and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the throwing density is 28-35 thousand holes per mu; post-planting management, i.e., applying a tillering promoting fertilizer when seedlings revive and survive, and applying an ear granule fertilizer after jointing; mainly employing manual weeding with assistance of chemical weeding; performing integrated insect disease control; and harvesting when 85% or more than 85% of rice ears are completely yellow and ripe. Early-rice fields are divided into three types, i.e., winter idle unfallowing fields, green manure unfallowing fields and rape unfallowing fields. A sprout cultivation soft plate with a proper cultivation mode, sowing time and a proper hole number is selected according to the crops in rotation srstem and ripe-period features of planted kinds; mechanical throwing is employed, the labor intensity is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved; and early paddy rice is planted mainly through the manual weeding with assistance of the chemical weeding, less chemical pesticides are used, and the quality of the paddy rice is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of rice cultivation, specifically a kind of green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. is one of most important cereal crops of China, has important strategic position in Grain Production in China, I
State's rice area accounts for the 29% of the cereal crops gross area, and total producing accounts for the 44% of whole nation total grain output, and more than 90% concentrates on south
Side rice workspace, wherein double cropping of rice account for the whole nation Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area more than 1/4th, be concentrated mainly on Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong,
Guangxi etc. four district.Oryza sativa L. is also one of most crop of fertilizer requirement, and heavy dressing adds crop production cost, pollutes environment,
Also result in improving and topdressing important relation of energy waste, rice yield and utilization rate of fertilizer simultaneously, different times
Oryza sativa L. needs fertilizer the most different, and the growth that the fertilising in rice shoot period is watered rice is most important.The Oryza sativa L. of prior art is in rice shoot period
Fertilizer is commercially available mostly, and this type of Fertilizer nutrient is single, and amount of application is relatively big, and easily causes soil compaction, to environmentally undesirable.
Along with Oryza sativa L. modern production advances, Rice Production quality improves, it is desirable to cultivation mode is constantly brought forth new ideas.Early rice is green
Entire mechanization is thrown and is planted, and cost-saving synergistic makes full use of plastic greenhouse effect in early spring, agricultural machinery spring spare time resource and climate resources, produces
Green early rice rice, improves rice processing quality.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seedling: select pollution-free, leeward on the sunny side, topsoil is deep, the rice field of fertile soil, executes the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu
1500-2000kg；
Selecting specification 58 × 33 × 2.5cm, hole alms bowl number is 353 hole, hole/561, hole/434 floppy disks, and every mu of Honda needs 561 passes
Seedling dish 70-80 opens, and 434 pass seedling dish 80-90 open, and 353 pass seedling dish 90-100 open；
Selecting Early-mid ripening rice varieties, March 25 to April 5 is sowed, and throws planting rape stubble, and on April 5 to 10 was sowed；
(2) seedbed management: sowing to the seeding stage, temperature controls 28-32 DEG C, emerges to 3 leaf 1 heart stages, keeps disk hole and Seedling
Bed soil moistening, transplants and waters the most permeable the previous day；2 leaf 1 heart stages, executed " wean fertilizer ", and every 100 seedling dish carbamide 200g are watered
10kg sprays；Within 3-4 days, executing " send and transfer fertilizer " before Yi Zaiing, every 100 seedling dish carbamide 300g are watered 15kg and spray, and spray in time after fertilising
Spill clear water drip washing rice shoot, prevent and treat damping-off；
(3) throwing and plant: carry out that this Tagayasu Den is whole and basal dressing, throwing and planting density is 2.8-3.5 ten thousand caves/mu；
(4) plant after manage: throw plant after 4-6d, rice shoot turn green live time execute rush fetilizer for tillering, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg for every mu,
Carbamide 5-7kg, after jointing, stem children's spike length executes fringe granulated fertilizer when reaching 1-1.5cm, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg, potassium sulfate for every mu
3-4kg；Throw open field after planting naturally to fall after executing tillering fertilizer dry open field to a vertical Seedling of living, Bao Shui, during tiller with thin water, open field intermittently
Irrigation is main, when every cave stem tiller number reaches the overboard dry field of 9-10h, and rehydration when solarization for the first time returns Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. to face, field, field mud does not fall into foot；With
Artificial weeding is main, and chemical weed control is auxiliary；Integrated control pest and disease damage；More than the 85% complete yellow maturity of spike of rice can be gathered in the crops.
Described Early-mid ripening rice varieties include early Xian 902, middle group No. 1, Xiangliangyou 68, Anhui rice 143, Zhejiang spoke 203.
Also including seed treatment step before described sowing, described seed treatment is particularly as follows: select the fine 1-2d that basks seeds；Seed is fallen
Enter to fill in the mud pond that proportion is 1.08～1.1, stir 2-3min, natural subsidence 3-4min；With 25% Prochloraz Emulsion
Or 25% cyanogen sigh bacterium ester EC Medicament soaked seed sterilization；Spreading for cooling when accelerating germination to broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after seed soaking, every 5kg seed adds with sharp victory 2ml
The wide 2g of health adds 6%, and sigh effect azoles 1g is watered 100ml and uniformly dresses seed.
Described Tagayasu Den is whole to be included: winter slack, stubble was ploughed whole: the first year, late rice machine received straw chopping also field, pressure of turning over stubble, tilling depth 15-
18cm；
Green manure stubble is ploughed whole: Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure field, and on April, the Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) full-bloom stage in the middle ten days, non watered ploughing turns over green manure, tilling depth
15-18cm；
Brassica campestris L stubble is ploughed whole: after rape harvest, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure immediately on dry stubble.
Described step (3) is thrown and is planted particularly as follows: take point furrow or segmentation to throw and plant, and divides seedling dish to be thrown equally by furrow or by section, first
These furrow or the 2/3 of this section of total seedling amount shed by machinery, then manually shed to both sides by remaining 1/3 rice shoot in the middle of furrow, mend dilute
Fill a vacancy, and it is dilute to move close benefit smoothly, it is ensured that rice shoot spacing is uniform.
Described damping-off of preventing and treating is: in rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, with the 30% clear 1ml/m of auspicious Seedling2, 97% hymexazol 1g/m2Or
70% fenaminosulf powder 2.5g/m2, it is made into 600 times of liquid and sprays.
Described step (4) chemical weed control is: throw after planting in 5-7d, and during alive vertical Seedling of rice shoot, every mu of use 53% rice transplanting star can
WP 45g or 30% fourth benzyl wettable powder 80-100g, uniformly mix thin moisture soil or fine sand soil 20kg or carbamide 5kg, at dew
Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields after water is dry, before dispenser, fill 3-4cm water layer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: early rice Honda of the present invention is divided into stubble in winter slack, green manure stubble and Brassica campestris L stubble three class, according to crops for rotation
Phase characteristic ripe with varieties of plant selects suitable planting type, suitable sowing time and the seedling-nursing flexible tray of hole alms bowl number；The present invention
Take machinery to throw to plant, lower labor intensity, improve work efficiency；Early rice artificial weeding of the present invention is main, and chemical weed control is auxiliary, minimizingization
Learn to farm the usage amount of medicine, improve the quality of Oryza glutinosa.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Rice varieties is chosen
Early rice choose Early-mid ripening, high anti-, high-quality, large-spike cultivar such as early Xian 902, middle group No. 1, Xiangliangyou 68, Anhui rice
143, Zhejiang spoke 203.
Planting type
Suitable planting type is selected according to crops for rotation and varieties of plant ripe phase characteristic.Stubble plantation in winter slack is early, medium variety adopts
Educate seedling with porous disc and throw cultivation mode；Green manure stubble is planted morning, medium variety and stubble in winter slack and is planted slow medium variety, uses medium number
Cultivation mode is thrown in porose disc seedling；Brassica campestris L stubble and plant slow ripe high-yield variety, uses less porous dish drought to educate seedlings and throws cultivation mode.
1, seed treatment
1.1 bask seeds: prior to seeding in 7d, select fine day to bask seeds 1-2d.Bask seeds period, stir 3-4 time every day, be careful not to
On cement threshing ground, room (platform) face and tan by the sun for a long time under high light.
1.2 seed selections: before presoaking and germinating, take the methods such as screening, selecting crude drugs with winnower or mud wet concentration to eliminate except shrivelled kernel, the grain of rice and grass seed
Deng.Slime water is chosen seeds, and is to pour into the seed sieved, selecting crude drugs with winnower is good to fill in mud water vat (bucket) or pond that proportion is 1.08-1.1,
Stop stirring after stirring 2-3min, allow full kind of paddy natural subsidence 3-4min, pull shrivelled kernel and the grass seed etc. of floating out, then will kind
Son is pulled out, proceeds to the presoaking and germinating stage with clear water after rinsing well.
1.3 seed soaking: seed soaking in the front 7-8d in sowing time, use 25% Prochloraz Emulsion or 25% cyanogen sigh bacterium ester EC Fusarium Wilt of Sweet
Plant sterilization.Method: make hectogram 2ml add water 6kg preparating liquid or 25% cyanogen sigh EC3000 times of medicinal liquid of bacterium ester with 25%, adds and selects
Seed 4kg (gulch weight) good, that clean, after being sufficiently stirred for, puts the 3-4d that soaks seed at room temperature, stirs 2-3 time every day, when kind of paddy inhales
Foot moisture, external appearance characteristic is: be slightly translucent shape, embryo and endosperm of rice husk mays be seen indistinctly, when seed soaking accumulated temperature reaches about 60 DEG C
Water accelerating germination can be played.
1.4 accelerating germination: soaked seed is pulled out, drained, load in ventilative good bag, and carrying out is incubated or heats urges
Bud.Take high temperature (34-36 DEG C) to break breast, thermophilic (about 25 DEG C) accelerating germination, when seed has about 80% broken breast, reduce the temperature to
About 25 DEG C accelerating germination.The broken every 3-4h in front stirs once, and after broken breast, every 1-2h stirs once, prevents vexed kind and burning kind.When turning over kind,
Note kind of heap is inside and outside to turning over, and appropriate trickle is mended wet, and the water temperature of trickle to be tried one's best close with kind of temperature, ensures broken breast, sprouts
Neatly.Accelerating germination standard: when accelerating germination to " broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally ", spreading for cooling is practiced bud 5-6h and can be sowed.
1.5 dressing seeds: seed is after accelerating germination before spreading for cooling, and every 5kg seed adds the wide 2g of health sigh the effect azoles that adds 6% with sharp victory 2ml
1g is watered 100ml and uniformly dresses seed, and prevents Seedling early stage pest and disease damage, nurturing staff.
2, seedling
Green early rice seedling, mainly has dry rice seedling and water-raised seedling two kinds of to mould dish dry rice seedling, mould dish water-raised seedling,
Dry rice seedling all takes booth or heliogreenhouse to add plastic film mulching breeding and seedling nursing with equipment；Water-raised seedling takes open country non-textile mulch or little
Shed covers seedling.
2.1 rice seedling beds prepare: select pollution-free, physical features is invigorating, leeward on the sunny side, near water source, topsoil deep, loose fertile
Loamy texture soil field,.Water-raised seedling rice seedling bed, select pollution-free, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, topsoil is deep, native
The rice field that earth is fertile.
2.2 rice seedling bed areas: 561 holes are moulded plate seedling raising every mu Honda and needed rice seedling bed area 22～24m2Little transplantation of seedlings；Dish is moulded in 434 holes
Seedling every mu Honda needs rice seedling bed area to be 28～32m2, middle transplantation of seedlings；It is 45～50m that plate seedling raising is moulded in 353 holes2, tree transplanted.
Foster and apply fertilizer in 2.3 rice seedling beds: dry rice seedling field (bed) to be turned over before the winter and to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, fertilizing soil before year.Execute people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu
Excrement 1500-2000kg or other high-quality fertilizer 2500-3000kg, ploughs under in soil after executing.Before sowing, 20-30d every mu spreads fertilizer over the fields
45% ternary S-based compound fertilizer 40-50kg ploughs 1-2 time and is fully mixed with bed soil by fertilizer, opens by furrow width 1.4m, furrow width 0.4m
Ditch does furrow.Behind preliminary leveling furrow face, with old agriculture () film covering furrow face, heat, moisturizing, fertilizer conservation and vegetable soil.
2.4 seedling beds are whole to be done:
Selecting specification 58 × 33 × 2.5cm, hole alms bowl number is 353 hole, hole/561, hole/434 floppy disks, and every mu of Honda needs 561 passes
Seedling dish 70-80 opens, and 434 pass seedling dish 80-90 open, and 353 pass seedling dish 90-100 open.
(covering material, every 80 seedling dishes need for booth (steelframe big friend 6-8m width, long 80-100m, canopy spacing 1m) or Small plastic shed
Prepare enough 14, the bamboo bow of the canopy film 14.3m of fabric width 2m, the mulch film 13m of fabric width 1.4-1.5m, long 2.2m).
Strong seedling agent, meets NY/T 393 and NY/T 394 standard-required, and consumption is in strict accordance with product description standard.
Sabot and lid seed fine earth, before sowing, 10-15d takes out part bed soil from seedling bed of fostering and apply fertilizer, and mechanical activation comminution crosses 5mm hole
Sieve makees sabot and lid seed fine earth, and it is 100kg that every mu of Honda need to prepare enough fine earth total amount.Wherein: 60kg fine earth is added strong seedling agent and mixes
Even, Applying Quantity of Seedling Strengthen Agent is total consumption 30%, and the fine earth covering agricultural film admixing strong seedling agent is individually stacked, for making sabot soil；Remaining is not
The fine earth mixing strong seedling agent makees lid seed soil.
2-3d before sowing, throws off the epiphragma fostered and apply fertilizer on seedling bed, removes weeds, then spreads fertilizer over the fields strong seedling agent to bed surface, strong seedling
The consumption of agent is the 70% of the total consumption in rice seedling bed.After strong seedling agent is used, the shallow 4-5cm that turns over, whole soil crushing, makes bed native and strong seedling agent is abundant
Mixing, and pick up undesirable root stubble, more finely do furrow, reach furrow face width 1.4m, furrow length less than 20m, furrow width 0.4m, furrow ditch depth
Heavy real, the requirement that furrow face is smooth in small, broken bits of 0.15-0.2m, limit, rice seedling bed (waist) ditch depth 0.25-0.3m, soil.Sow first 1 day, by bed
Soil bottom water irrigates, and reaches water saturation state.
Balance dress soil: sowing balance on the same day.Before balance, then seedling bed is fully watered permeable, after bed surface hydrops blots, by length
Batten strikes off furrow face, then in side, furrow face away from the 7-8cm bracing wire of furrow limit, is the most closely placed on bed surface by seedling dish two-way, limit
Balance limit flat deck gently presses seedling dish so that it is hole alms bowl enters mud about 2/3, and the existing mud of aperture of trying to get to the heart of a matter, in case seedling dish is unsettled.Seedling dish sets
After, add the fine earth got ready to seedling disk hole alms bowl, add soil amount and be advisable with the 1/3-1/2 reaching hole alms bowl deep；Can sow after adding soil.
3, sowing
3.1 dates of seeding: moulding dish dry rice seedling and throw cultivation Winter paddy field and green manure field, 25-April 5 March is sowed；Throw planting rape stubble,
5-10 day in April is sowed.
3.2 application rates: moulding dish dry rice seedling, conventional kind Honda sowing quantity 3.5-4kg/ mu, every hole alms bowl broadcasts 4-5 grain kind paddy, often
Open seedling dish application rate 45-50g；Cenospecies Honda sowing quantity 2.2-2.7kg/ mu, every hole alms bowl broadcasts 2-3 grain kind paddy, and every seedling dish is broadcast
Plant amount 28-34g.
3.3 sowings: take machinery flowing water sowing, make every effort to sow and uniformly mould dish dry rice seedling；Then with the lid seed earth mulch got ready
Flat hole alms bowl, the fine earth between the alms bowl of cleaning card hole, more repeatedly spray clear water with aerosol apparatus to seedling dish, it is sufficiently humidified so as to the soil in the alms bowl of hole
With kind of a paddy.After blinding, moisturizing, spray with herbicide butachlor and close weeding.
4, seedbed management
4.1 temperature treatments: sowing to the seeding stage, to close canopy insulation, temperature of shed controls at 28 DEG C-32 DEG C；Mould dish
Dry rice seedling, removes mulch film or the non-woven fabrics of bed surface tiling immediately after emerging.Emerge to 1 leaf 1 heart stage, start the temperature control that ventilates, in canopy
Temperature is less than 28 DEG C；Rice shoot 1.5 leaf-2.5 leaf phase, being stepped up ventilation, canopy temperature keeps 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, is strictly on guard against that high temperature burns
Seedling and rice shoot excessive growth；Rice shoot 2.5 leaf-3.0 leaf phase, accomplishing to take off lid at night daytime, canopy temperature control is at about 20 DEG C；Film is entirely taken off before transplanting,
Seedling exercising more than 3 days, when running into low temperature overcast and rainy day, timely epiphragma is rainproof, insulation.
4.2 water managements: mould dish dry rice seedling: seedbed bottom water is sufficient, being typically not required to moisturizing can neat Seedling.Emerge to 3 leaf 1 hearts
Phase, note immediately water (sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation), keep disk hole and nursery soil to moisten；Such as high temperature, strong wind, dry weather, dish
Watering and be difficult to fully supply moisture in face, occurs when rice shoot blade hydropenia is wilted, it is necessary to take moisturizing of irrigating through furrow, noting pouring water and can not overflowing
Upper bed surface, after the suction of bed soil is permeable, draining ditch cleaning immediately.After 3 leaf 1 heart stages, control to water, do not go out the signs of drought (morning 10h rice shoot not
Hang dew) do not water；Transplant and water the most permeable the previous day.
Topdress in 4.3 rice seedling beds: 2 leaf 1 heart stages executed " wean fertilizer ", moulded every 100 the seedling dish carbamide 200g of plate seedling raising and were watered 10kg
Spray；Within 3-4 days, execute " send and transfer fertilizer " before Yi Zaiing, mould every 100 the seedling dish carbamide 300g of plate seedling raising and be watered 15kg and spray, apply fertilizer every time
Rear sprinkling clear water drip washing rice shoot in time, in case fertilizer damage Seedling leaf.
4.4 rice seedling bed weedings: dry rice seedling closes weeding before having carried out bud, if rice seedling bed weeds are too much, is manually difficult to clean off, should
Using and meet the herbicide that NY/T393 requires, as the cleanest in rice seedling bed etc., application method and consumption are in strict accordance with product description
Carry out.
4.5 damping-off controls: dry nursery bed is easier to damping-off occur, in rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, with meeting NY/T393 requirement
Pesticide, as with the 30% clear 1ml/m of auspicious Seedling2, 97% hymexazol 1g/m2Or 70% fenaminosulf powder 2.5g/m2, it is made into 600 times of liquid
Spray.
5, this Tagayasu Den is whole and basal dressing
5.1 winter slack stubble plough whole and basal dressing
Stubble, advocated late rice machine in the first year and received straw chopping also field winter slack, pressure stubble of turning over after late rice is gathered in, tilling depth 15-18cm,
Reserve gutter and unlimited ridge breach, carry out solarization in winter (freezing) and turn up soil.The field of late rice straw-returning, early March is poured water soaked field, often
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide 7kg, accelerates late rice straw and rots and rice field of fostering and apply fertilizer；Early rice throws plants first 1-2 days, is allowed to dry water in field, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure.Base
Fertile consumption: execute 40-45% ternary paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer 30-35kg for every mu, the field in late rice straw also field, should throw plant before 7-
Within 8 days, carry out turning over (rotation) to plough and soaked field of pouring water；Throw and transplant first 1-2 days, be allowed to dry water in field, spread fertilizer over the fields base manure.Base manure consumption: execute for every mu and become thoroughly decomposed
Dung polluted water 500-700kg or multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 100-150kg or other is through the farm manure 1000kg of harmless treatment of becoming thoroughly decomposed,
It is affixed by 40-45% ternary paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer 35-45kg.After fertilising, carrying out harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil immediately and harrow whole field, (the full field discrepancy in elevation is not to reach Tian Ping
More than 2cm, lower with), face is clean, clay coating, fertilizer melt requirement.Carry out the field of throwing-seedling cultivation, after field flattens, spaced by 3m
" river " font draining shallow ridges and surrounding gutter, spread trench digging earth and be bulldozed to low-lying place, face, field, is strictly on guard against the Mian Youao pool, field hydrops.
5.2 green manure stubbles plough whole and basal dressing
Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure field, on April, the Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) full-bloom stage in the middle ten days, non watered ploughing turns over green manure, and tilling depth 15-18cm, after ploughing
Pour water waterlogged plot.Waterlogged plot about 7d, puts shallow water in field, carries out turning over harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, accelerates green manure and rots；Whole field is started after waterlogged plot 12-14d.Early rice
Throw 1-2d before planting, be allowed to dry water in field basal dressing.Base manure consumption: execute 40-45% ternary paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer 30-40kg for every mu.After fertilising,
Carry out harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil and harrow whole field, reach the requirement that Tian Ping, face be clean, clay coating, fertilizer melt.After field flattens, by 3m spaced " river " font draining
Shallow ridges and surrounding gutter, spread trench digging earth and be bulldozed to low-lying place, face, field, is strictly on guard against the Mian Youao pool, field hydrops.
5.3 Brassica campestris L stubbles plough whole and basal dressing
After rape harvest, on dry stubble, spread fertilizer over the fields base manure immediately.Base manure consumption: every mu execute become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 500-700kg or
Multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 100-150kg or other is through the farm manure 1000kg of harmless treatment of becoming thoroughly decomposed, is affixed by 40-45% ternary water
Rice special fertilizer 30-35kg, after fertilising, plough is turned in non watered ploughing, soaked field of pouring water after ploughing, and soaked field carries out harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil for about one day and harrows whole field, reaches field
Requirement flat, that face is clean, clay coating, fertilizer melt.After field flattens, by 3m spaced " river " font draining shallow ridges and surrounding gutter, will open
Ditch earth spreads and is bulldozed to low-lying place, face, field, is strictly on guard against the Mian Youao pool, field hydrops.
6, Honda rice transplanting
Rice transplanting can be started when daily mean temperature is stablized by 12 DEG C-13 DEG C.The suitable throwing cultivation phase of early rice high-yield culturing:
Winter slack, stubble was 15-25 day in April；Green manure stubble is 20-May 5 April, before Brassica campestris L stubble is May 25.
Throw and plant: mould plate seedling raising and take machinery throw cultivation or manually throw cultivation.
Playing seedling: before playing seedling, first spot-check 10-20 from seedbed and open seedling dish, count the empty alms bowl cave number without Seedling, measuring and calculating seedling dish is average
Actual have Seedling cave number.The most directly lifting and fold seedling, lamination code-disc ships, and seedling dish code is high no more than 10 layers.
Throw and plant specification: throwing and planting density is 2.8-3.5 ten thousand caves/mu, and that early plants can suitably reduce density, the suitable increase planted late
Density.
Throw cultivating method: rice transplanting is carried out when should select cloudy day or fine day at dusk.During rice transplanting, field is stayed and is spent miscellaneous water, and the depth of water does not surpasses
Cross 1cm.There is Seedling cave number the most in fact according to Honda area, throwing density in planting and the seedling dish of cultivation to be thrown, calculate the throwing of this field and plant total dish number.
Taking point furrow or segmentation to throw to plant, divide seedling dish to be thrown equally by furrow or by section, these furrow or the 2/3 of this section of total seedling amount shed by first machinery,
Then in the middle of furrow, remaining 1/3 rice shoot is manually shed to both sides, mend dilute filling a vacancy, and it is dilute to move close benefit smoothly, it is ensured that between rice shoot
Away from substantially uniform.During artificial rice transplanting, hands to grab rice shoot Seedling point, enforce windward as far as possible height, throw remote, sprinkle evenly, make every effort to majority rice shoot
Can vertically fall, seedling root enters mud, and rice shoot uprightly or tiltedly stands.After rice transplanting, hold the par breach in land for growing field crops immediately successfully, prevent heavy rain from amassing
Water, causes down Seedling, drift seedling.
Throw and plant quality: throwing and plant density and reach planned target, seedling spacing is substantially uniform, the root ball of more than 90% seedling all or
Having half to enter mud, the rice shoot of more than 70% uprightly or tiltedly stands, substantially without floating.
7, Honda management
7.1 dressing time, consumption and method
4-6d after cultivation, rice shoot turn green live time execute rush fetilizer for tillering, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg, separately add carbamide 5-for every mu
7kg.After jointing, execute fringe granulated fertilizer when stem children's spike length reaches 1-1.5cm, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg, potassium sulfate 3-for every mu
4kg；If fertilizer is not enough, should see that Seedling is mended and execute carbamide 3-5kg, potassium sulfate 3-4kg.
7.2 fertilizing methods: multiple-effect organic fungi-manure mixes chemical fertilizer when field rice shoot dew is done or when becoming a fine day without dew after rainwater
Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields.
7.3 pipe water
Taking to spend miscellaneous water (below 1cm water layer) rice transplanting, throw the vertical Seedling the most alive of open field after planting, Bao Shui falls after executing tillering fertilizer naturally
Dry open field, based on thin water, open field intermittent irrigation during tiller.The overboard dry field when every cave stem tiller number reaches 9-10, for the first time
Rehydration when solarization returns Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. to face, field, field mud does not fall into foot.Bigger than normal for green manure field, front season late rice straw-returning and population growth amount
Field, takes dry field by several times, shines to jointing.Booting early stage is thin, dew intermittent irrigation, and booting later stage to grouting, period of maturation keep water
Layer, falls before 3-5d before harvesting dry.
7.4 weedings: based on artificial weeding, chemical weed control is auxiliary.The field that crop smothering does not weighs is taked manually to pull out or intertill
Weed and remove.If weeds generating capacity is bigger, it is necessary to when using herbicide to eliminate, will select to meet the weeding of NY/T393 standard-required
Agent kind and herbicidal methods.
Chemical weed control: throw after planting in 5-7d, rice shoot live a vertical Seedling time, every mu of use 53% rice transplanting star wettable powder 45g or
30% fourth benzyl wettable powder 80-100g, uniformly mixes thin moisture soil or fine sand soil 20kg or carbamide 5kg, uniformly spreads after dew is dry
Execute.Before dispenser, fill 3-4cm water layer；After dispenser, Oryza sativa L. lobus cardiacus can not waterflooding, water conservation falls dry in 4-5 days naturally.
7.5 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Early rice pest and disease damage High risk population has: generation striped rice borer, generation yellow rice borer, four (2) for rice leaf roller, four
(2) for planthopper, rice thrips and banded sclerotial blight, bakanae disease etc..
Striped rice borer: in rice seedling withered sheath peak period, when every mu have cause harm group more than 100, the withered sheath clump rate in tillering stage reaches 5-
8%, when strain evil rate reaches more than 2.0%, rise 30ml with health width 20g or rice for every mu and be watered 60kg spraying.
Yellow rice borer: forecasting according to insect pest situation, resting in snout moth's larva egg hatching peak period, every mu of pieces of an egg generating capacity is more than 100 pieces
Field carries out chemical control, the same striped rice borer of medicament kind.
Rice leaf roller: contain at 1,2 instar larvaes and send out the phase (rolling up the phase at the beginning of rice leaf).When tillering stage hundred clumps of larvas 100, booting takes out
During fringe phase more than 50, every mu with health width 20g or rice rise 30ml be watered 45kg sparge in rice strain, top.
Planthopper: when heading stage hundred clumps of worm amounts reach 1500-2000, every mu of use 25%% pymetrozine 24g or 50% pyrrole
Aphid ketone 16g is watered 60kg, sprays for rice strain middle and lower part.
Rice thrips: when occurring that blade tip crimp percent is more than 10%, hundred strain worm amounts 300 more than-500 seedling stage, every mu
It is watered 30kg spraying with 10% aphid louse clean powder 20g.
The sheath and culm blight of rice: when tillering stage, clump sickness rate was at 15%-20%, boot stage more than 30%, use 20% Jing Gang for every mu
Mycin powder 50g or 45% penta azoles. Prochloraz EC50ml is watered 60kg spraying, can be with no pesticide grown less than this index.
Bakanae disease: use 10% seed soaking missible oil or the seed soaking sterilization prevention of 25% Prochloraz cream.
8, results
When more than the 85% complete yellow maturity of spike of rice, remaining spike of rice basal kernels basically reach cured ripe time can gather in the crops.
Above content is only to present configuration example and explanation, affiliated those skilled in the art couple
Described specific embodiment makes various amendment or supplements or use similar mode to substitute, without departing from invention
Structure or surmount scope defined in the claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seedling: select pollution-free, leeward on the sunny side, topsoil is deep, the rice field of fertile soil, executes the dung polluted water 1500-that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu
2000kg；
Selecting specification 58 × 33 × 2.5cm, hole alms bowl number is 353 hole, hole/561, hole/434 floppy disks, and every mu of Honda needs 561 pass seedling dishes
70-80 opens, and 434 pass seedling dish 80-90 open, and 353 pass seedling dish 90-100 open；
Selecting Early-mid ripening rice varieties, March 25 to April 5 is sowed, and throws planting rape stubble, and on April 5 to 10 was sowed；
(2) seedbed management: sowing to the seeding stage, temperature controls 28-32 DEG C, emerges to 3 leaf 1 heart stages, keeps disk hole and seedbed soil
Earth moistening, transplants and waters the most permeable the previous day；2 leaf 1 heart stages, executed " wean fertilizer ", and every 100 seedling dish carbamide 200g are watered 10kg
Spray；Within 3-4 days, executing " send and transfer fertilizer " before Yi Zaiing, every 100 seedling dish carbamide 300g are watered 15kg and spray, and spray clear after fertilising in time
Water wash rice shoot, prevents and treats damping-off；
(3) throwing and plant: carry out that this Tagayasu Den is whole and basal dressing, throwing and planting density is 2.8-3.5 ten thousand caves/mu；
(4) plant after manage: throw plant after 4-6d, rice shoot turn green live time execute rush fetilizer for tillering, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg, carbamide for every mu
5-7kg, after jointing, stem children's spike length executes fringe granulated fertilizer when reaching 1-1.5cm, execute multiple-effect organic fungi-manure 50kg, potassium sulfate 3-for every mu
4kg；Throw open field after planting naturally to fall after executing tillering fertilizer dry open field to a vertical Seedling of living, Bao Shui, with thin water, open field Surge Irrigation during tiller
It is main for irrigating, when every cave stem tiller number reaches the overboard dry field of 9-10h, and rehydration when solarization for the first time returns Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. to face, field, field mud does not fall into foot；With people
Work weeding is main, and chemical weed control is auxiliary；Integrated control pest and disease damage；More than the 85% complete yellow maturity of spike of rice can be gathered in the crops.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Early-mid ripening Oryza sativa L.
Kind include early Xian 902, middle group No. 1, Xiangliangyou 68, Anhui rice 143, Zhejiang spoke 203.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also wrap before described sowing
Including seed treatment step, described seed treatment is particularly as follows: select the fine 1-2d that basks seeds；Being poured into by seed and filling proportion is 1.08～1.1
Mud pond in, stir 2-3min, natural subsidence 3-4min；With 25% Prochloraz Emulsion or 25% cyanogen sigh bacterium ester EC Fusarium Wilt of Sweet
Plant sterilization；Spreading for cooling when accelerating germination to broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after seed soaking, every 5kg seed with sharp victory 2ml add the wide 2g of health add 6% sigh imitate azoles 1g and be watered
100ml uniformly dresses seed.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described the whole bag of Tagayasu Den
Include: winter slack, stubble was ploughed whole: the first year, late rice machine received straw chopping also field, pressure of turning over stubble, tilling depth 15-18cm；
Green manure stubble is ploughed whole: Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure field, and on April, the Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) full-bloom stage in the middle ten days, non watered ploughing turns over green manure, tilling depth 15-
18cm；
Brassica campestris L stubble is ploughed whole: after rape harvest, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure immediately on dry stubble.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (3) is thrown
Planting particularly as follows: take point furrow or segmentation to throw and plant, divide seedling dish to be thrown equally by furrow or by section, first machinery sheds these furrow or the total seedling of this section
The 2/3 of amount, then manually sheds remaining 1/3 rice shoot to both sides in the middle of furrow, mends dilute filling a vacancy, and it is dilute to move close benefit smoothly, protects
Card rice shoot spacing is uniform.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described prevent and treat damping-off
For: in rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, with the 30% clear 1ml/m of auspicious Seedling2, 97% hymexazol 1g/m2Or 70% fenaminosulf powder 2.5g/m2, join
600 times of liquid are become to spray.
Green early rice mechanization throwing-seedling cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (4) is changed
Weeding is: throw after planting in 5-7d, during alive vertical Seedling of rice shoot, and every mu of use 53% rice transplanting star wettable powder 45g or 30% fourth benzyl
Wettable powder 80-100g, uniformly mixes thin moisture soil or fine sand soil 20kg or carbamide 5kg, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields, dispenser after dew is dry
Before, fill 3-4cm water layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610370168.0A CN106034875A (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610370168.0A CN106034875A (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106034875A true CN106034875A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=57171988
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610370168.0A Withdrawn CN106034875A (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106034875A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107241954A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-13 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of middle high-yield field rice high yield fertilizing method |
| CN107333508A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-10 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of fertilization of rice method |
| CN107466753A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-12-15 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Rice crab loach solid complex ecological breeding method |
| CN109463063A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Machine transplanting of rice late rice seed sigh effect azoles solution seed soaking breeding method |
| CN109964767A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-05 | 江西省赣抚平原水利工程管理局(江西省灌溉试验中心站) | A kind of double cropping of rice implantation methods promoted based on new regulation Paddy Output |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004544A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-03 | 四川农业大学 | Furrow type rice fixed throwing cultivation method |
| CN104642025A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨派腾农业科技有限公司 | Continuous no-tillage high-stubble seedling-throwing cultivation technique method for rice |
| CN104885839A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-09-09 | 巢湖市农业技术推广中心 | High-yield cultivation method of one-season medium indica hybrid rice |
| CN105075607A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 李印 | Free-plowing and seedling throwing rice cultivation technology |
-
2016
- 2016-05-23 CN CN201610370168.0A patent/CN106034875A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004544A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-03 | 四川农业大学 | Furrow type rice fixed throwing cultivation method |
| CN104642025A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨派腾农业科技有限公司 | Continuous no-tillage high-stubble seedling-throwing cultivation technique method for rice |
| CN104885839A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-09-09 | 巢湖市农业技术推广中心 | High-yield cultivation method of one-season medium indica hybrid rice |
| CN105075607A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-25 | 李印 | Free-plowing and seedling throwing rice cultivation technology |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 庐江县质量技术监督局: "A级绿色食品早稻生产技术规程", 《安徽省庐江县地方标准》 * |
| 齐保福等: "水稻抛秧技术操作程序及栽培管理措施", 《新疆农业科技》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107241954A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-13 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of middle high-yield field rice high yield fertilizing method |
| CN107333508A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-10 | 河南科技学院 | A kind of fertilization of rice method |
| CN107333508B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-06-23 | 河南科技学院 | Rice fertilizing method |
| CN107466753A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-12-15 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Rice crab loach solid complex ecological breeding method |
| CN109463063A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Machine transplanting of rice late rice seed sigh effect azoles solution seed soaking breeding method |
| CN109964767A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-05 | 江西省赣抚平原水利工程管理局(江西省灌溉试验中心站) | A kind of double cropping of rice implantation methods promoted based on new regulation Paddy Output |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105724012B (en) | A kind of rice field-upland field rotation method of the no-tillage multiple cropping late rice of spring maize | |
| CN103355150B (en) | Flue-cured tobacco floating breeding cultivation method | |
| CN104885751B (en) | A kind of cultural method for being interplanted tobacco and purple perilla | |
| CN106386153A (en) | Rapid high-yield culture technique for typhonium giganteum | |
| CN105248118A (en) | Method for planting Chinese chives | |
| CN102742442A (en) | Wild pinellia ternate cultivation method | |
| CN103039261A (en) | Composite cultivating method of mangnolia officinalis | |
| CN104412819A (en) | Black skin sugarcane and watermelon implanting type cultivating method | |
| CN105532237A (en) | Standardization planting technology of cold-highland-area aconitum vilmorimianum kom | |
| CN102037833A (en) | Technology and method for cultivating organic water melons | |
| CN104255254A (en) | Crop rotation method for dry land purple crops | |
| CN109220654A (en) | A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method | |
| CN103503688A (en) | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root | |
| CN106034875A (en) | Green early rice mechanical seedling throwing cultivation method | |
| CN105638344A (en) | Salt japonica 13 cultivation method | |
| CN109169062A (en) | A kind of aquatic cultural method of coix lacryma-jobi | |
| CN101755583A (en) | Anti-season culture technology and method of organic watermelons | |
| CN104663234A (en) | Acclimation method of wild rhizoma panacis majoris | |
| CN104221661A (en) | Tomato-rice-lettuce triple cropping high-yield and efficient planting technology | |
| CN106613210B (en) | High-yield interplanting cultivation method for Chinese yams and spring loofahs | |
| CN102893739B (en) | Millet method for culturing and transplanting seedlings | |
| CN102550272A (en) | Method for planting Saposhnikovia divaricata | |
| CN104365309A (en) | Efficient mode and high yield cultivation technique for spring sweet corn, autumn watermelon and winter lettuce | |
| CN109618848A (en) | A kind of wet pipe method of dry seeded rice | |
| CN108967100A (en) | Potato-late rice double no-tillage throw-planting method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20161026 |