CN106034242A - Audio/video live broadcast streaming media data transmission method in P2P system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an audio/video live broadcast streaming media data transmission method in a P2P system. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring live broadcast streaming media source data; slicing the live broadcast streaming media source data according to a manner that each frame is used as the length unit and coding the live broadcast streaming media source data for obtaining media data packets; slicing the continuous media data packets according to a fixed length and performing code packaging for obtaining P2P data packets; and transmitting the P2P data packets to a playing client through a P2P network. The audio/video live broadcast streaming media data transmission method in the P2P system has advantages of minimizing network transmission expenditure, reducing requirement to bandwidth, and furthermore effectively ensuring no tampering of the live broadcast flow through a verification mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to live broadcast stream media field of data transmission, and particularly to audio frequency and video in a kind of P2P system
Live broadcast stream media data transmission method.
Background technology
Along with the development of the Internet, use a network for live streaming media or program request is increasingly becoming a kind of trend, slowly
Slowly it is dissolved in daily life, in work, learns and the various aspects such as amusement form focus, nothing
Opinion be video conference, online education or Web TV, video website all apply more and more extensive.Stream matchmaker
Body (Stream Media) refers to the media formats using the mode of stream transmission to play at Internet/Intranet,
Such as audio frequency, video or multimedia file.Streaming Media need not download whole file before broadcasting, only will start
Partial content is stored in internal memory, caches packet in a computer and makes stream medium data correctly export,
Can watch with download limit, limit.Its principle is that the multimedia file transmitted to user is divided according to broadcast time order
For different fragments, the most successively these fragments are issued user, play these fragments continuously and be the formation of even
Continuous sound and image.
Stream transmission refers mainly to multimedia files such as whole Voice & Video and three-dimensional media through specific pressure
Contracting mode resolves to compressed package one by one, video server to subscriber computer order or transmit in real time.?
Use in the system of streaming manner, not necessarily like employing downloading mode, user waits until that whole file is whole like that
Download complete, but only need to can profit on the computer of user again through the start-up study of several seconds or tens seconds
Play out and watch after the decompression apparatus multimedia file decompression to compression.Now multimedia file is surplus
Remaining part is divided and will be continued download in the server on backstage.Compared with simple downloading mode, this to multimedia
The streaming manner that download limit, file limit is play not only makes the startup time shorten significantly, and to system
The demand of buffer memory capacity is greatly reduced, and greatly reduces user and is used in the time of wait.At present, Streaming Media
Technology has been widely used in internet arena.
Traditional network flow-medium Play System is generally basede on C/S model, but owing to streaming media playing needs to disappear
Consuming the substantial amounts of network bandwidth and server resource, the most this pattern seriously limits network flow-medium business
Development.As a example by the occupied bandwidth network video stream as 300kbps, see when there being 1000 users simultaneously
When seeing, the bandwidth of needs is 300Mbps.Such performance requirement is satisfied for most of servers
Not.If supporting several ten thousand even user of hundreds of thousands, this C/S model is used to be practically impossible to
's.Certainly, increase number of servers and raising bandwidth is a kind of solution, but this mode needs huge
Big cost, so needing new technological means to solve this problem.
IP multicast is to solve network flow-medium multiplexing to consume a kind of technology of massive band width.Utilize multicast permissible
Portion data are sent simultaneously to one group of specific user, thus avoid data repeat send, Bu Huizao
Become the waste of the network bandwidth, be especially suitable for Network Transmission Streaming.But IP multicast also has the problem of self,
Because Internet is heterogeneous network, hardware platform varies, InterWorking Equipment in the support to multicast also
There are differences, therefore there is the difficulty of deployment in IP multicast in actual applications.
Peer-to-peer network is emerging network technology recent years, relative to traditional C/S model, P2P pattern one
The feature of individual highly significant is exactly that node can directly be carried out without Dependency Set Chinese style server resource, each node
Communication.Each node has identical status, both can ask service, it is also possible to provides service, plays the part of simultaneously
Drill server and the dual role of client computer in C/S model, even can also have router and delay at a high speed
The function deposited.Under P2P pattern, owing to each node has the function of client-server, so
Each node also sends data stream to other nodes while receiving data stream from other node.Utilize this
Feature, P2P network technology can apply existing calculating resource and limited network bandwidth to realize large scale network
Live streaming media.
P2P direct seeding technique of the prior art is to be cut into slices according to the form of every frame by stream medium data and be encapsulated as
Transmit after P2P media data packet, yet with the data of each frame and differ, cause the media number of some frame
Relatively big according to the data comprised, especially for the user that some bandwidth are less can produce in use sound or
Video pictures plays the phenomenon of card.This situation is including video conference, remote teaching, net cast etc.
Interior a lot of application higher to requirement of real-time are the most disadvantageous, reduce the service quality of system
Experience with user.Meanwhile, P2P direct seeding technique of the prior art does not has data checking mechanisms, it is impossible to protect
Card live TV stream is tampered, and Information Security cannot be protected.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method, minimizes network
Transport overhead, reduces the requirement to bandwidth, live TV stream is effectively ensured by verification scheme anti-tamper simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of P2P system middle pitch net cast stream medium data biography
Transmission method, comprises the following steps:
Obtain live broadcast stream media source data；
By described live broadcast stream media source data according to each frame be length section and be encoded to media data packet；
Described continuous print media data packet is cut into slices according to regular length and encoded and is encapsulated as P2P packet；
By P2P network, described P2P packet is sent to client end of playing back.
Further, the coded format of described media data packet is for including: mark, packet length, bag sequence number,
Check value, data block number and data block.
Further, described data block is according to regular length by the live broadcast stream media source data of described each frame
Section obtains, and described data block number is the quantity of the described data block after section.
Further, a length of the 1～2KB of described data block.
Further, when described live broadcast stream media source data is video flowing, the coded format of described data block
For including: block sign, timestamp, block length and data, described piece indicates whether the described data block of expression wraps
Containing crucial frame head, its numerical value is to represent when 1 to comprise crucial frame head, and numerical value is to represent when 0 not comprise key frame
Head.
Further, when described live broadcast stream media source data is audio stream, the coded format of described data block
For including: timestamp, block length and data.
Further, described check value uses CRC check or MD5 verification.
Further, the regular length of described P2P packet is 1～2KB.
Further, the coded format of described P2P packet is for including: data, Packet type and media bag are inclined
Move；Described data are stream medium data；Described Packet type represents whether described P2P packet comprises media number
According to unwrapping head, its numerical value is to represent the beginning comprising media data packet when 1, and numerical value is to represent when 0 only to comprise
Stream medium data；The beginning that the skew of described media bag is media data packet deviation post in P2P packet,
Only effective when Packet type value is 1.
Further, described P2P network is P2P+CDN UNE.
The present invention proposes a kind of P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method, and audio frequency and video are straight
Broadcasting flow-medium data is that length section is encoded to media data packet according to every frame, and to described media data packet again
Secondary carry out cutting into slices and encoding being encapsulated as P2P packet, finally by P2P network by data according to regular length
Bag is sent to client end of playing back decoding and plays.The present invention is by encoding audio frequency and video live broadcast stream media data slicer
For the P2P packet of relatively small-format, decrease the data volume of single transmission, reduce and user bandwidth is wanted
Ask, minimize network transport overhead, it is possible to be applicable to various applied environment, it is to avoid Ka Dun and time delay phenomenon
Send, it is ensured that live fluency, improve the use impression of user.The P2P system that the present invention proposes simultaneously
Middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method also has verification scheme, it is possible to live TV stream is effectively ensured and prevents usurping
Change, it is ensured that live safety and accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 show the P2P system middle pitch net cast transmission of flow media data side of present pre-ferred embodiments
Method flow chart.
Fig. 2 show the media package structure schematic diagram of present pre-ferred embodiments.
Fig. 3 show the P2P packet structure schematic diagram of present pre-ferred embodiments.
Fig. 4 show the P2P system middle pitch net cast transmission of flow media data side of present pre-ferred embodiments
Method function framework schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Provide the detailed description of the invention of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the invention is not restricted to following embodiment party
Formula.According to following explanation and claims, advantages and features of the invention will be apparent from.It should be noted that,
Accompanying drawing all uses the form simplified very much and all uses non-ratio accurately, is only used for conveniently, assists lucidly
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is described.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 and show the P2P system middle pitch net cast Streaming Media of present pre-ferred embodiments
Data transmission method flow chart.The present invention proposes a kind of P2P system middle pitch net cast transmission of flow media data
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step S100: obtain live broadcast stream media source data；
Step S200: by described live broadcast stream media source data according to each frame be length section and be encoded to matchmaker
Volume data bag；
Step S300: described continuous print media data packet is cut into slices according to regular length and encoded to be encapsulated as
P2P packet；
Step S400: described P2P packet is sent to client end of playing back by P2P network.
Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 and show the media package structure schematic diagram of present pre-ferred embodiments.According to
Present pre-ferred embodiments, the coded format of described media data packet is for including: mark, packet length, Bao Xu
Number, check value, data block number and data block.Wherein, described in be masked as fixing Magic number, for example, Oxaa,
Its a length of 1B；Described packet length is expressed as whole media data packet total length, and it takies a length of 4B；Described
Bag sequence number is expressed as the numbering of media data packet, starts sequentially 1 from 0, and it takies a length of 2B.
Described check value uses CRC check or MD5 verification.CRC i.e. CRC (Cyclic
Redundancy Check): it is a kind of error check code the most frequently used in data communication field, it is characterized in that letter
The length of breath field and check field can be arbitrarily selected.Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) is that a kind of data pass
Data are carried out polynomial computation, and are attached to after frame by the result obtained by defeated error detection function, and reception sets
The standby algorithm also performing to be similar to, to ensure correctness and the integrity that data transmit.MD5 verification and
(checksum) correctness of data is checked by reception being transmitted data execution hash operations.Calculate
The hashed value gone out is brought and compares with the hashed value of data transmission.If two values are identical, the number of transmission is described
According to the most errorless, be not tampered, such that it is able to relieved use.According to present pre-ferred embodiments, institute
Stating check value and use CRC check, specially CRC16 (media data packet+pin_code), it takies length
Degree is 2B.
Described data block number is expressed as the number of data block, and the block number that data block information comprises, it takies length
Degree is 1B；Described data block is the live broadcast stream media source data of described each frame to be obtained according to regular length section
Taking, described data block number is the quantity of the described data block after section.According to present pre-ferred embodiments,
A length of the 1 of described data block～2KB.
Further, when described live broadcast stream media source data is video flowing, the coded format of described data block
For including: block sign, timestamp, block length and data, described piece indicates whether the described data block of expression wraps
Containing crucial frame head, its numerical value is to represent when 1 to comprise crucial frame head, and numerical value is to represent when 0 not comprise key frame
Head, it takies a length of 1B；Described timestamp represents the reproduction time of data block, and it takies a length of 4B；
Described block length is expressed as data length, and it takies a length of 2B；Described Deta bearer video data.
Further, when described live broadcast stream media source data is audio stream, the coded format of described data block
For including: timestamp, block length and data, described timestamp represents the reproduction time of data block, and it takies
A length of 4B；Described block length is expressed as data length, and it takies a length of 2B；Described Deta bearer audio frequency
Data.
In sum, described media data packet is a length of elongated, has different according to the data volume of each frame
Data length, the audio frequency after media data packet carrying coding, video data；Media data packet allows disappearance,
But be pushed to player must be complete packet, it is impossible to have any shortage of data and mistake；Video media-data
Being surrounded by two types: have key frame and non-key frame, the bag of non-key frame depends on the bag of above key frame,
Packet loss is there is, then what the next one was pushed to player must be the bag of band key frame if middle, and audio frequency
Media data packet tolerable packet loss.
The P2P packet structure schematic diagram of present pre-ferred embodiments it is shown referring again to Fig. 3, Fig. 3.Root
According to present pre-ferred embodiments, the regular length of described P2P packet is 1～2KB, such as, can be fixed length
1460B, media data packet section puts in the P2P packet of regular length and is transmitted, a media data
Bag can be put in multiple P2P packet, and a P2P packet can also comprise two data medium bags.
Live TV stream is made up of P2P packet one by one, and live TV stream is regarded as a file without end-of-file, P2P number
Being exactly the data of this document according to bag, the bitmap of live TV stream can increase along with the generation of P2P packet always.
Further, the coded format of described P2P packet is for including: data, Packet type and media bag are inclined
Move；Described data are stream medium data, when the regular length of P2P packet is 1460B, and described data
Length be fixed as 1455B；Described Packet type represents whether described P2P packet comprises media data and unwrap
Head (i.e. the head of media data packet), its numerical value is to represent the beginning comprising media data packet when 1, and numerical value is
Representing when 0 and only comprise stream medium data, described Packet type takies a length of 1B；The skew of described media bag is matchmaker
The beginning of volume data bag deviation post in P2P packet, only when Packet type value is 1 effectively, described
The skew of media bag takies a length of 4B.
According to present pre-ferred embodiments, described P2P network is P2P+CDN UNE.Many in audio frequency and video
In the service mode of media business, Video Applications based on Internet basic network, need in the face of large concurrent
User, it is necessary to efficient audio-video frequency content distribution and transmission technology, this is also audio frequency and video business service moulds
The basal core of formula.Although it is high that the feature of the Internet based on IP is efficiency, but relative to traditional
Telecommunications network, its do not have preferable service quality (QoS, Quality of Service) ensure (such as: bigger time delay,
Delay variation, packet loss, out of order etc.), by be this business carry out must in the face of and the problem that solves.And currently adopt
Merge the technical scheme of CDN transmission of video with P2P, problem above can be solved.
P2P is the abbreviation of peer to peer connection peertopeer pattern.P2P technology is a kind of for different terminals user
Between, directly exchange the technology of data or service without trunking.It has broken traditional
Client/Server pattern, in a peer-to-peer network, the status of each node is identical, possess client and
Server double grading, can be simultaneously as service user and ISP.The core of P2P is to utilize to use
Family resource, carries out file transmission by Peer, and this is totally different from traditional client server and calculates mould
Type.P2P is by the design of " decentralization " and multicast communication mechanism, it is achieved that be independent of server and quick
Swap file.But, P2P system there is also obvious shortcoming, it is simply that availability issue, although from whole
For system, P2P is reliable, but for single content or individual task, P2P is unstable
, each Peer can terminate service at any time, even logs off, and the content i.e. exchanged may be deleted at any time
Remove or be terminated shared.
The English full name of CDN is Content Delivery Network, i.e. content distributing network, interior
Hold transmission network.CDN is built upon a kind of value-added network on existing IP network base structure, is to answer
The layer network framework disposed with layer.The core of CDN is to utilize intelligent policy techniques, by the content at center
It is pushed to network edge so that user can take nearest and that service quality is optimal local acquisition with service
Business, its key technology include cache, load balancing, contents construction, content distribution, content storage and
Content Management etc..The technological merit of CDN includes: (1) global load-balancing, and access speed is fast, allows user even
Receive nearest server up.(2) Hot Contents actively transmits, and from motion tracking, automatically updates.(3) seamless
Integrated, highly reliable, availability and autgmentability.(4) network bandwidth resources is taken by minimizing, has intelligence
Management control ability.(5) content sent is protected, and content supplier oneself can determine local
The content of service.Based on above-mentioned advantage, CDN technology can improve the utilization rate of broadband resource, increases stream matchmaker
Body application popularization on the internet, these application include playing online, Music on Demand, live telecast, mutually
Dynamic game etc., greatly promote the development of Internet application and service.But, existing CDN is all
Get up for network structure, content transmission and the business approach construction of conventional internet, video is compiled
Code form support is not enough, time delay is too big, cannot provide the Video service of broadcast level, system structure excessively simple,
Along with the extension of service ability, need continuous investment etc..
CDN and P2P is used for different fields, and CDN is mainly used in reliable Web and streaming medium content
Distribution, P2P is then mainly used in content exchange.Two kinds of technology are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses.Obviously, CDN and P2P
The pluses and minuses of technology have certain complementarity in application.By the extended capability of P2P, multiple users share money
Source capability combines with reliability, the manageability of CDN, effectively utilizes and converts P2P technology, fill
Divide the technical characteristic considering the existing CDN of operator, build a novel distribution of media and delivery system.
Refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 and show the P2P system middle pitch net cast Streaming Media of present pre-ferred embodiments
Data transmission method function framework schematic diagram.Publisher issues audio, video data, i.e. live TV stream by application end
Source of media data；The live broadcast stream media source data that user is issued by P2P pallet service is that length is cut according to each frame
Sheet and be encoded to media data packet, the most private formatted media data packet, what wherein black represented encapsulation is
Video data, white represent encapsulation for voice data；Media data packet after encapsulation is passed by the service of P2P pallet
Be defeated by media resource system and carry out audio frequency and video issue, media resource system by the media data packet that receives according to regular length
Carry out cutting into slices and encoding being encapsulated as P2P packet, in order to be transmitted in P2P network；By described P2P
Packet carries out audio frequency and video distribution by CDN system, and is transmitted by P2P/CDN UNE；
Play end and receive described P2P packet by P2P module, and video data is sent to Flash built in video
Module plays out, and voice data is sent to audio frequency and video module simultaneously and plays out；Wherein voice data is
After resolving P2P packet, the media data packet comprising voice data is directly pushed to WebRTC Audio
Stack plays out；After video data is for resolving P2P packet, replace Container Format, from privately owned container lattice
The media data packet of formula replaces with the Container Format that target platform is supported, such as: MPEG/FLV, then pushes
(Flash platform) is played out to target platform；According to timestamp, synchronized push audio frequency and video bag and video bag with
Reach audio-visual synchronization effect.
Although the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, so it is not limited to the present invention.The present invention
Art has usually intellectual, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, each when making
The change planted and retouching.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on those as defined in claim.
Claims (10)
1. a P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method, it is characterised in that under including
Row step:
Obtain live broadcast stream media source data；
By described live broadcast stream media source data according to each frame be length section and be encoded to media data packet；
Described continuous print media data packet is cut into slices according to regular length and encoded and is encapsulated as P2P packet；
By P2P network, described P2P packet is sent to client end of playing back.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, the coded format of described media data packet is for including: mark, packet length, bag sequence number, verification
Value, data block number and data block.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 2, its
Being characterised by, described data block is the live broadcast stream media source data of described each frame to be cut into slices according to regular length
Obtaining, described data block number is the quantity of the described data block after section.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 3, its
It is characterised by, a length of the 1 of described data block～2KB.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 2, its
Being characterised by, when described live broadcast stream media source data is video flowing, the coded format of described data block is bag
Including: block sign, timestamp, block length and data, described piece indicates whether the described data block of expression comprises pass
Key frame head, its numerical value is to represent when 1 to comprise crucial frame head, and numerical value is to represent when 0 not comprise crucial frame head.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 2, its
Being characterised by, when described live broadcast stream media source data is audio stream, the coded format of described data block is bag
Include: timestamp, block length and data.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 2, its
Being characterised by, described check value uses CRC check or MD5 verification.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, the regular length of described P2P packet is 1～2KB.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, the coded format of described P2P packet is for including: data, Packet type and the skew of media bag；
Described data are stream medium data；Described Packet type represents whether described P2P packet comprises media data packet
Beginning, its numerical value is to represent the beginning comprising media data packet when 1, and numerical value is to represent when 0 only to comprise stream matchmaker
Volume data；The beginning that the skew of described media bag is media data packet deviation post in P2P packet, only
When Packet type value is 1 effective.
P2P system middle pitch net cast streaming media data transmission method the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, described P2P network is P2P+CDN UNE.
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